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{{Short description|British citizens of Nigerian origin or Nigerian citizens of British origin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group {{Infobox ethnic group
| group = British Nigerian | group = British Nigerians
| native_name =
| image = {{image array|perrow=3|width=90|height=105
| native_name_lang =
| image1 = Adewale_Akinnuoye-Agbaje_Thor_2_cropped.png|caption1= ]
| image =
| image2 = Nicola_Adams_-_Our_Greatest_Team_Parade.jpg|caption2= ]
| image_caption = Photo showing ], a British Nigerian.
| image3 = Kele_Okereke_Cropped.jpg|caption3= ]
| population = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''Nigerian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 293,609 – 0.4% <br/>(]){{#tag:ref|Does not include Nigerians born in the United Kingdom or those with Nigerian ancestry|group="note"}}'''<br/>{{Flag|England}}: 266,877– 0.5% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22">{{cite web |title=TS012: Country of birth (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS012/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/ba18881b-a88f-432f-89be-af1fee321107#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref><br>{{Flag|Scotland}}: 21,286 – 0.4% (2022)<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=24 May 2024}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref><br/>{{Flag|Wales}}: 3,891 – 0.1% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22"/><br/>]: 1,555 – 0.08% (2021)<ref name="CoB_NI21">{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-a17.xlsx|title=MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|date=22 September 2022|accessdate=25 May 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Nigerian citizens/passports held:'''<br/> 117,638 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS013: Passports held (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS013/editions/2021/versions/3/filter-outputs/728bfc72-22fb-4651-8841-b2f3433118f8#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Ethnic Nigerians:'''<br/>271,390 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS022/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/41d3c99d-976d-4553-858a-af16bc85554b?f=get-data#ethnic_group_288a |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref><br/>
| image4 = Sade_Adu_1.jpg|caption4= ]
| popplace = ''']'''<br />In particular ], ], ], ]
| image5 = John_Amaechi.jpg|caption5= ]
| langs = '''Predominantly'''<br />] (], ], ]), ] and ]<br />'''Others'''<br />]
| image6 = Christine_Ohuruogu,_October_2008.jpg|caption6= ]
| rels = Predominantly ], minority ], ]
| image7 = Tinie_Tempah_January_2014.jpg|caption7= ]
| related = ], ], ] {{reflist|group=note}}
| image8 = Shirley_Bassey_(1971).jpg|caption8= ]
| image9 = Olaudah_Equiano_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15399.png|caption9= ]
}} }}
{{Lists of British people}}
'''British Nigerians''' (here meaning ] of ] descent<ref name="Temko">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/may/14/uk.labour1|title='Think Jamaica is bad? Try Nigeria...': How Diane Abbott enraged a community|last=Temko|first=Ned|date=2006-05-14|work=The Observer|page=21|access-date=2009-10-25|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Davies">{{cite web|url=http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/001301.php|title=No apology for slavery – no deep sorrow: Christie Davies explains why apologies for centuries-old wrongs are not in order|last=Davies|first=Christie|author-link=Christie Davies|date=2006-12-12|publisher=]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> rather than ] of British descent) have formed long-established communities in ], ] and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in ], and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.<ref name="Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4182341.stm|title=Little Lagos in south London|last=White|first=Robin|date=2005-01-25|work=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref>


== History ==
|poptime = '''Nigerian-born residents'''<br>88,378 (2001 Census)<br>154,000 (2009 ONS estimate)
Nigerians have formed long-established communities in ], ] and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London took place over 200 years ago as a direct result of the ]. ], born in what is now Nigeria and a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.<ref name="BBC London">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/26/nigerian_london_feature.shtml|title=Nigerian London|publisher=BBC London|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref>
|popplace = ''']'''<br>In particular ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
|langs = '''Predominantly'''<br>English (], ]), ], ], ]<br>'''Others'''<br>]
|rels = ] ] (]), ]
}}


Like many other former British colonies, Nigeria has been a large source of immigrants to the United Kingdom. Prior to Nigerian independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as ] and the ]; with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their higher education.<ref name="CLG">{{cite web |url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1203232.pdf |title=The Nigerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities |last=Change Institute |date=April 2009 |publisher=Communities and Local Government |pages=23–24 |access-date=2009-10-25 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331163114/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1203232.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant">{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=788|title=Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant|date=June 2010|publisher=Migration Information Source|pages=1|access-date=2012-07-06|location=Washington}}</ref> In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.<ref name="BBC London"/>
'''British Nigerian''' is a term sometimes used to describe ] people of Nigerian descent<ref name="Temko">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2006/may/14/uk.labour1|title='Think Jamaica is bad? Try Nigeria...': How Diane Abbott enraged a community|last=Temko|first=Ned|date=2006-05-14|work=The Observer|page=21|accessdate=2009-10-25 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="Davies">{{cite web|url=http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/001301.php|title=No apology for slavery – no deep sorrow: Christie Davies explains why apologies for centuries-old wrongs are not in order|last=Davies|first=Christie|authorlink=Christie Davies|date=2006-12-12|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> or ] of British descent. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendents in Britain live in ]. They are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.<ref name="Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4182341.stm|title=Little Lagos in south London|last=White|first=Robin|date=2005-01-25|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref>


Nigerians emigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom.<ref name="CLG"/> This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration.<ref name="CLG"/> Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of ] was at its height.<ref name="CLG"/>
== History ==
Nigerians have formed long-established communities in ], ] and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London occurred over 200 years ago as a direct result of the ]. ], born in what is now Nigeria, was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.<ref name="BBC London">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/26/nigerian_london_feature.shtml|title=Nigerian London|publisher=BBC London|accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref>


In 2015, Britain's ] expressed concerns about the extent of ] involving Nigerians smuggled to the UK. Of more than 2,000 potential victims of human trafficking referred to the ] in 2014, 244 were from Nigeria. This represented a 31 per cent increase on 2013's figure. According to the BBC, "Campaigners believe the real figure of potential trafficking victims from Nigeria could be much higher".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-33159899|title=Nigerian trafficking 'top priority', commissioner says|first=Sima|last=Kotecha|work=BBC News|date=17 June 2015|access-date=17 June 2015}}</ref>
Prior to Nigeria's independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as ] and the ], with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their studies.<ref name="CLG">{{cite web|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1203232.pdf|title=The Nigerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities|last=Change Institute|date=April 2009|publisher=Communities and Local Government|pages=23–24|accessdate=2009-10-25|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant">{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=788|title=Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant|last=Migration Policy Institute|date=June 2010|publisher=Migration Information Source|pages=1|accessdate=2012-07-06|location=Washington}}</ref> In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.<ref name="BBC London"/> Nigerians migrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom.<ref name="CLG"/> This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration.<ref name="CLG"/> Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of ] was at its height.<ref name="CLG"/>


==Population== ==Demographics==
===Population===
{| align="right" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;"
|+ Nigerian-born population by region and country
|- style="background:#dedebb;"
! Region / Country !! Population !! % !! Largest community
|- |-
||''']''' || '''266,877''' || '''0.47%''' || {{n/a}}
! '''Location'''
! '''Nigerian-born population'''<br>'''(2001)'''<ref name="Born abroad"/>
|- |-
|| ] || 117,145 || 1.33% || ] – 14,357 (5.0%)
| ]
| 1,382
|- |-
| ] || ] || 32,468 || 0.35% || ] – 3,993 (1.4%)
| 3,160
|- |-
|| ] || 29,092 || 0.39% || ] – 10,329 (1.9%)
| ]
| 68,910
|- |-
| ] || ] || 27,913 || 0.44% || ] – 1,346 (0.7%)
| 552
|- |-
|| ] || 19,911 || 0.33% || ] – 5,946 (0.5%)
| ]
| 2,978
|- |-
|| ] || 13,902 || 0.28% || ] – 3,442 (1.1%)
| ]
| 1,253
|- |-
|| ] || 12,454 || 0.23% || ] – 3,415 (0.4%)
| ]
| 4,719
|- |-
| ] || ] || 7,691 || 0.13% || ] – 1,431 (0.3%)
| 1,431
|- |-
|| ] || 6,301 || 0.24% || ] – 2,082 (0.7%)
| ]
| 588
|- |-
|| ''']''' || '''21,286''' || '''0.39%''' || ] – 5,662 (2.5%)
| ]
| 1,759
|- |-
|| ''']''' || '''3,891''' || '''0.13%''' || ] – 1,366 (0.4%)
| ]
|-
| 1,399
|| ''']''' || '''1,555''' || '''0.08%''' || ] – 862 (0.2%)
|-
| colspan="8" |{{center|<small>Figures based on the 2021 United Kingdom Census<ref name="E&W_CoB22"/><ref name="CountryBirth_22"/><ref name="CoB_NI21"/></small>}}
|} |}
The ] recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK.<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls|title=Country-of-birth database|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-09-29}}</ref> More recent estimates by the ] put the figure at 174,000 in 2011.<ref name="2009 estimates">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/search/index.html?pageSize=50&sortBy=none&sortDirection=none&newquery=nigeria&nscl=Population+by+Nationality+and+Country+of+Birth | title=Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3) | publisher=] |date = September 2009| accessdate=8 July 2010}}</ref> Community leaders believe the growing population is over 500,000 in 2012.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

A ] report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.<ref name="CoE">{{cite web|url=http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc08/EDOC11526.htm|title=Immigration from sub-Saharan Africa|date=2008-02-11|publisher=Report, Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 11526|accessdate=2009-10-05}}</ref>


The ] recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK.<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=] |access-date=2009-09-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=17 June 2009}}</ref> The ] recorded 191,183 Nigerian-born residents in ].<ref name="2011cen">{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS203EW Country of birth (detailed), local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-qs203ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 December 2012|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> The censuses of ] and ] recorded 9,458 and 543 Nigerian-born residents respectively.<ref name=Scotland>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=9 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=NI>{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |title=Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |access-date=9 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095516/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> More recent estimates by the ] put the figure at 215,000 in 2019.<ref>{{ONSCoB2019|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
===Education===
According to the Higher Education System Agency, 15,090 Nigerian students were admitted to universities in the United Kingdom in the 2009/2010 academic year. By 2015, the number of Nigerian pupils enrolled in British tertiary institutions is projected to increase to around 30,000.<ref name="Tbotelfias">{{cite web|title=The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan|url=http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Euromonitor%20Report%20A4.pdf|publisher=Euromonitor International for the British Council|accessdate=3 January 2015}}</ref>


A ] report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly, Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.<ref name="CoE">{{cite web |url=http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc08/EDOC11526.htm |title=Immigration from sub-Saharan Africa |date=2008-02-11 |publisher=Report, Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 11526 |access-date=2009-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919120109/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FWorkingDocs%2FDoc08%2FEDOC11526.htm |archive-date=19 September 2009}}</ref>
According to the Institute for Public Policy Research, Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. As of 2013, they were among nine immigrant populations that were above average academically.<ref name="Gwbcobempst">{{cite news|title=White British children outperformed by ethnic minority pupils, says thinktank|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/mar/22/white-british-children-outperformed-by-minorities|accessdate=3 January 2015|agency=The Guardian|date=22 March 2013}}</ref> Euromonitor International for the British Council suggests that this high academic achievement by Nigerian students is mainly due to the fact that most of the pupils already matriculated in the English language in their home country. Additionally, many of them hail from the wealthier segments of Nigerian society, which can afford to pursue studies abroad.<ref name="Tbotelfias"/>


===Distribution=== ===Distribution===
The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the ], ]. ] is now home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7 per cent of the population of the Peckham ] at the time of the 2001 Census having been born in Nigeria.<ref name="Born abroad">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/nigeria.stm|title=Born abroad: Nigeria|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-25 | date=2005-09-07}}</ref> Many of the local establishments are ] owned.<ref name="London's Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://www.theafricancourier.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=512:londons-little-lagos&catid=111:immigration&Itemid=775|title=London's Little Lagos|publisher=The African Courier|accessdate=2011-12-08 | date=2011-01-06}}</ref> Nigerian ] and ] can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, ] has increasingly become the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population. The ] is declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population.<ref name="Little Lagos"/> Outside London and ], the largest Nigerian-born communities are found in the ] and the ].<ref name="Born abroad"/> The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the ], ]. The 2001 census found that ] was the home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7% of the population of the Peckham ] having been born in Nigeria.<ref name="Born abroad">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/nigeria.stm|title=Born abroad: Nigeria|work=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-25 | date=2005-09-07}}</ref> Many of the local establishments are ] and ] owned.<ref name="London's Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://www.theafricancourier.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=512:londons-little-lagos&catid=111:immigration&Itemid=775|title=London's Little Lagos|publisher=The African Courier|access-date=2011-12-08 | date=2011-01-06}}</ref> Nigerian ] and ] can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, ] has always been the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population as English is the main spoken language in Nigeria. The ] and the ] are declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population of ] and ] descent.<ref name="Little Lagos"/> Outside London and ], the 2001 census recorded the largest Nigerian-born communities in the ] and the ].<ref name="Born abroad"/>


===Citizenship=== ===Citizenship===
Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted ] and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008. Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted ] and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008.


{| class="wikitable" border="1" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! !
Line 86: Line 77:
|- |-
| 1998 | 1998
| 3,550<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb699.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1998 |last=Chilton|first=Tony|author2=Kilsby, Peter|date=1999-04-20|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 3,550<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb699.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1998 |last=Chilton |first=Tony |author2=Kilsby, Peter |date=1999-04-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074532/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb699.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|- |-
| 1999 | 1999
| 3,481<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb1000.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1999 |last=Kilsby|first=Peter|author2=McGregor, Rod|date=2000-06-08|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 3,481<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb1000.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1999 |last=Kilsby |first=Peter |author2=McGregor, Rod |date=2000-06-08 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074625/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb1000.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2000 | 2000
| 5,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb901.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2000 |last=Dudley|first=Jill|author2=Harvey, Paul|date=2001-05-31|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 5,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb901.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2000 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Harvey, Paul |date=2001-05-31 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074623/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb901.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2001 | 2001
| 6,290<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001 |last=Dudley|first=Jill|author2=Hesketh, Krystina|date=2002-06-27|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,290<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Hesketh, Krystina |date=2002-06-27 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074559/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2002 | 2002
| 6,480<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb903.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2002 |last=Dudley|first=Jill|author2=Woollacott, Simon|date=2003-08-28|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,480<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb903.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2002 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Woollacott, Simon |date=2003-08-28 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074627/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb903.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2003 | 2003
| 6,300<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hosb0704.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2003 |last=Dudley|first=Jill|author2=Woollacott, Simon|date=2004-05-24|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,300<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hosb0704.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2003 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Woollacott, Simon |date=2004-05-24 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135704/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hosb0704.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2004 | 2004
| 6,280<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2004 |last=Woollacott|first=Simon|date=2005-05-17|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,280<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2004 |last=Woollacott |first=Simon |date=2005-05-17 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135650/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2005 | 2005
| 6,615<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb0906.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2005 |last=Freelove Mensah|first=John|date=2006-05-23|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,615<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb0906.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2005 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2006-05-23 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135659/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb0906.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2006 | 2006
| 5,875<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/hosb0807.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2006 |last=Freelove Mensah|first=John|date=2006-05-23|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 5,875<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/hosb0807.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2006 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2006-05-23 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324212128/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/hosb0807.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2009}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2007 | 2007
| 6,030<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007 |last=Freelove Mensah|first=John|date=2008-05-20|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 6,030<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122085138/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2009}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2008 | 2008
| 4,530<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0909.pdf|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2008 |last=Freelove Mensah|first=John|date=2008-05-20|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> | 4,530<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0909.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20091112061134/http%3A//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0909.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2009 |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2008 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10}}</ref>
|- |-
| 2009 | 2009
| 6,955<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/immigration-asylum-research/hosb0910/hosb0910?view=Binary|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2009|last=Danzelman|first=Philip|date=2010-05-27|publisher=Home Office|accessdate=2010-06-10}}</ref> | 6,955<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/immigration-asylum-research/hosb0910/hosb0910?view=Binary|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2009|last=Danzelman|first=Philip|date=2010-05-27|publisher=Home Office|access-date=2010-06-10}}</ref>
|} |}


==See also== ===Language===
In England and Wales in 2011, 14,914 people (0.03% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 7,946 (0.01%) spoke Igbo and 6,639 (0.01%) spoke other Nigerian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefings/languagesspoken/figure%201%20language-diversity.xlsx|title=What languages are spoken in England and Wales?|publisher=ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)|first1=Deepthi|last1=Gopal|first2=Yaron|last2=Matras|date=October 2013|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521190956/http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefings/languagesspoken/figure%201%20language-diversity.xlsx|archive-date=21 May 2015|format=XLS}}</ref> In London, 10,119 people (0.13% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 5,252 (0.07%) people spoke Igbo and 3,577 (0.05%) spoke other Nigerian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/main-language-spoken-at-home-borough|title=Main Language Spoken at Home (Census), Borough|author=Office for National Statistics|publisher=Greater London Authority|date=1 March 2013|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>
* ]
* ]
* ]
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}


==Education==
== External links ==
According to the ], Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. Taking data for only England, a 2013 IPPR survey reported that the proportion of British Nigerian pupils gaining 5 A*–C grades at ] (including Maths and English) in 2010–2011 was 21.8 percentage points higher than the England mean of 59.6 per cent. This average was calculated using student data, where available, from various ] in England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jill|last=Rutter|title=Back to Basics: Towards a Successful and Cost-effective Integration Policy|url=http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/03/back-to-basics-integration_Mar2013_10525.pdf|publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research|date=March 2013|access-date=9 February 2015|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210001656/http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/03/back-to-basics-integration_Mar2013_10525.pdf#|archive-date=10 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Portal|Nigeria|United Kingdom}}


The number of Nigerian pupils at ] is growing. In November 2013, '']'' noted that Nigerians, along with ], "are now the fastest-growing population in British private schools".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/spectator-life/spectator-life-life/9085501/five-star-schools/|title=A British education has become a commodity bought by wealthy foreigners|first=Stephen|last=Robinson|work=The Spectator|date=30 November 2013|access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> In 2013, the number of entrants to private schools from Nigeria increased by 16 per cent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10624672/Bid-to-stop-private-schools-being-filled-by-rich-foreigners.html|title=Bid to stop private schools being 'filled by rich foreigners'|first=Graeme|last=Paton|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 February 2014|access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
Diaspora Associations
*
*
*
*
*


According to ] data, 17,620 students from Nigeria were studying at British public ] institutions in the academic year 2011–12. This made them the third largest country-of-origin group behind students from China and India. Of the 17,620, 6,500 were undergraduates, 9,620 taught postgraduates and 1,500 research postgraduates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://international.ac.uk/media/2416084/intfacts2013.pdf|title=International Higher Education in Facts and Figures|publisher=UK HE International Unit|date=Autumn 2013|access-date=2 February 2015|page=5}}</ref>
Professional Associations

*
Research by Euromonitor International for the ] indicates that in 2010, the majority (66 per cent) of Nigerian foreign students attended universities in the UK. The students are mainly drawn to these institutions' English language academic system. Their time studying in Britain is also facilitated by an established and large Nigerian community and by "the relative proximity of the UK to Nigeria".<ref name="Tbotelfias">{{cite web|title=The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan|url=http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Euromonitor%20Report%20A4.pdf|publisher=Euromonitor International for the British Council|access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref>
*

*
==Notable British Nigerians==
*

*
===Nigerian citizens of British descent===
*
*], actress
*
*], actress
*
*], makeup artist
*], judge
*], ]
*], filmmaker

===British citizens of Nigerian descent===
*], International development professional
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], entrepreneur
*], editor
*], writer
*], lecturer
*], actress
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], novelist
*], journalist and presenter
*], footballer
*], actress
*], peer
*], actress
*], actress
*], dubstep musician known as Benga
*], cleric, scholar and publisher
*], radio presenter and host
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], lawyer and arbitrator
*], footballer
*], footballer
*] (Poetolu), writer
*], MP
*], athlete
*], actress
*], footballer
*], actor
*], footballer
*], basketball player and psychologist
*], footballer
*], footballer
*Dame ], nurse and professor of nursing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rcni.com/nursing-standard/features/extraordinary-life-elizabeth-anionwu-65926|title=An extraordinary life: Elizabeth Anionwu|first=Thelma|last=Agnew|work=Nursing Standard|date=2 October 2016|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
*], footballer
*], basketball player<ref>{{cite news|url=https://realsport101.com/nba-2k/og-anunobys-path-nba-exposes-failings-british-basketball/|title=OG Anunoby's path to the NBA exposes the failings in British basketball|date=7 April 2018|work=Real Sports|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
*], clergyman
*], footballer
*], actor and comedian of Norwegian and Nigerian descent
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], ]
*], Michelin Star chef and restauranteur
*], actress
*], singer
*Dame ], singer
*], record producer
*], ] princess, goddaughter to ]
*], actor
*], youtuber and member of the ]
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], footballer of Nigerian and Sierra Leonean descent
*], actor
*], singer
*], rapper
*], Yoruba princess, goddaughter to Queen Victoria
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], actor
*], grime artist
*], footballer
*], actor
*], actress
*], author
*], explorer, writer, merchant and abolitionist
*], MP
*], author and ] winner
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], footballer
*], MP
*], actress
*], television and radio presenter
*], television and radio presenter
*], child prodigy
*], rugby union player
*], footballer
*], Britain's first black female ambassador
*], grime artist
*], actor of Norwegian and Nigerian descent
*], professional boxer
*], professional boxer
*], actress, writer
*], actor
*], television presenter and actor
*], YouTube personality, rapper and professional boxer
*], singer
*], footballer
*], actor
*], footballer
*], actor
*], Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007-present
*], rugby player
*], footballer
*], lawyer, activist and political commentator
*], footballer of British-Nigerian and German descent
*], footballer
*], rugby player
*], ] and ] engineer
*], artist
*], television presenter
*], investment banker
*], athlete
*], track athlete
*], journalist
*], musician
*], professional boxer
*], actress
*], footballer
*], youtuber
*Sir ], investment banker and businessman
*], footballer
*], broadcaster, actress, supermodel
*], historian
*], MP
*], MP
*], MP
*], peer
*], actor
*], athlete
*], writer
*], author<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/woman-pens-book-impact-being-13082644|title=Woman pens book about impact of being racially abused growing up in Northern Ireland|work=Belfast Live|date=28 May 2017|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*], footballer
*], singer
*], footballer
*], singer
*], artist
*], grime artist
*], murder victim
*], grime artist
*], Olympian
*], MP
*], footballer and businessman
*],footballer

==See also==
{{Portal|Nigeria|United Kingdom}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References==
Cultural Events
{{reflist}}
*
*
*
*
*
*


==External links==
Media
* *
*
*
*


{{Nigerian diaspora}} {{Nigerian diaspora}}
{{AfricansinUK}} {{AfricansinUK}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 16:50, 28 November 2024

British citizens of Nigerian origin or Nigerian citizens of British origin

Ethnic group
British Nigerians
Total population
United Kingdom Nigerian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 293,609 – 0.4%
(2021/22 Census)

 England: 266,877– 0.5% (2021)
 Scotland: 21,286 – 0.4% (2022)
 Wales: 3,891 – 0.1% (2021)
Northern Ireland: 1,555 – 0.08% (2021)
Nigerian citizens/passports held:
117,638 (England and Wales only, 2021)
Ethnic Nigerians:
271,390 (England and Wales only, 2021)
Regions with significant populations
Throughout the United Kingdom
In particular Greater London, South East England, East of England, North West England
Languages
Predominantly
English (British, Nigerian, Pidgin), Yoruba and Igbo
Others
Nigerian languages
Religion
Predominantly Christianity, minority Sunni Islam, traditional religions
Related ethnic groups
Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Americans, Nigerian Australians
  1. Does not include Nigerians born in the United Kingdom or those with Nigerian ancestry
Part of a series on
British people
United Kingdom
Eastern European
Northern European
Southern European
Western European
Central Asian
East Asian
South Asian
Southeast Asian
West Asian
African and Afro-Caribbean
Northern American
South American
Oceanian

British Nigerians (here meaning British people of Nigerian descent rather than Nigerians of British descent) have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in South London, and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.

History

Nigerians have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London took place over 200 years ago as a direct result of the transatlantic slave trade. Olaudah Equiano, born in what is now Nigeria and a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.

Like many other former British colonies, Nigeria has been a large source of immigrants to the United Kingdom. Prior to Nigerian independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as Australia and the United States; with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their higher education. In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.

Nigerians emigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom. This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration. Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of Sani Abacha was at its height.

In 2015, Britain's Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner expressed concerns about the extent of contemporary slavery involving Nigerians smuggled to the UK. Of more than 2,000 potential victims of human trafficking referred to the National Crime Agency in 2014, 244 were from Nigeria. This represented a 31 per cent increase on 2013's figure. According to the BBC, "Campaigners believe the real figure of potential trafficking victims from Nigeria could be much higher".

Demographics

Population

Nigerian-born population by region and country
Region / Country Population % Largest community
England 266,877 0.47%
Greater London 117,145 1.33% Greenwich – 14,357 (5.0%)
South East 32,468 0.35% Medway – 3,993 (1.4%)
North West 29,092 0.39% Manchester – 10,329 (1.9%)
East of England 27,913 0.44% Colchester – 1,346 (0.7%)
West Midlands 19,911 0.33% Birmingham – 5,946 (0.5%)
East Midlands 13,902 0.28% Nottingham – 3,442 (1.1%)
Yorkshire and The Humber 12,454 0.23% Leeds – 3,415 (0.4%)
South West 7,691 0.13% Bristol – 1,431 (0.3%)
North East 6,301 0.24% Newcastle – 2,082 (0.7%)
Scotland 21,286 0.39% Aberdeen – 5,662 (2.5%)
Wales 3,891 0.13% Cardiff – 1,366 (0.4%)
Northern Ireland 1,555 0.08% Belfast – 862 (0.2%)
Figures based on the 2021 United Kingdom Census

The 2001 UK Census recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK. The 2011 Census recorded 191,183 Nigerian-born residents in England and Wales. The censuses of Scotland and Northern Ireland recorded 9,458 and 543 Nigerian-born residents respectively. More recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics put the figure at 215,000 in 2019.

A Council of Europe report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly, Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.

Distribution

The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the capital city, London. The 2001 census found that Peckham was the home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7% of the population of the Peckham census tract having been born in Nigeria. Many of the local establishments are Yoruba and Igbo owned. Nigerian churches and mosques can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, English has always been the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population as English is the main spoken language in Nigeria. The Yoruba language and the Igbo language are declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population of Igbo and Yoruba descent. Outside London and South East England, the 2001 census recorded the largest Nigerian-born communities in the East of England and the North West.

Citizenship

Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted British citizenship and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008.

Persons granted citizenship
1998 3,550
1999 3,481
2000 5,594
2001 6,290
2002 6,480
2003 6,300
2004 6,280
2005 6,615
2006 5,875
2007 6,030
2008 4,530
2009 6,955

Language

In England and Wales in 2011, 14,914 people (0.03% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 7,946 (0.01%) spoke Igbo and 6,639 (0.01%) spoke other Nigerian languages. In London, 10,119 people (0.13% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 5,252 (0.07%) people spoke Igbo and 3,577 (0.05%) spoke other Nigerian languages.

Education

According to the Institute for Public Policy Research, Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. Taking data for only England, a 2013 IPPR survey reported that the proportion of British Nigerian pupils gaining 5 A*–C grades at GCSE (including Maths and English) in 2010–2011 was 21.8 percentage points higher than the England mean of 59.6 per cent. This average was calculated using student data, where available, from various local authorities in England.

The number of Nigerian pupils at British private schools is growing. In November 2013, The Spectator noted that Nigerians, along with Russians, "are now the fastest-growing population in British private schools". In 2013, the number of entrants to private schools from Nigeria increased by 16 per cent.

According to Higher Education Statistics Agency data, 17,620 students from Nigeria were studying at British public higher education institutions in the academic year 2011–12. This made them the third largest country-of-origin group behind students from China and India. Of the 17,620, 6,500 were undergraduates, 9,620 taught postgraduates and 1,500 research postgraduates.

Research by Euromonitor International for the British Council indicates that in 2010, the majority (66 per cent) of Nigerian foreign students attended universities in the UK. The students are mainly drawn to these institutions' English language academic system. Their time studying in Britain is also facilitated by an established and large Nigerian community and by "the relative proximity of the UK to Nigeria".

Notable British Nigerians

Nigerian citizens of British descent

British citizens of Nigerian descent

See also

References

  1. ^ "TS012: Country of birth (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals". National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 24 May 2024. '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
  3. ^ "MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  4. "TS013: Passports held (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  6. Temko, Ned (14 May 2006). "'Think Jamaica is bad? Try Nigeria...': How Diane Abbott enraged a community". The Observer. London. p. 21. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  7. Davies, Christie (12 December 2006). "No apology for slavery – no deep sorrow: Christie Davies explains why apologies for centuries-old wrongs are not in order". Social Affairs Unit. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  8. ^ White, Robin (25 January 2005). "Little Lagos in south London". BBC News. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  9. ^ "Nigerian London". BBC London. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  10. ^ Change Institute (April 2009). "The Nigerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities" (PDF). London: Communities and Local Government. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  11. "Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant". Washington: Migration Information Source. June 2010. p. 1. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  12. Kotecha, Sima (17 June 2015). "Nigerian trafficking 'top priority', commissioner says". BBC News. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  13. "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  14. "2011 Census: QS203EW Country of birth (detailed), local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  15. "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  16. "Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  17. "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2019 to December 2019". Office for National Statistics. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
  18. "Immigration from sub-Saharan Africa". Report, Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 11526. 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  19. ^ "Born abroad: Nigeria". BBC News. 7 September 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  20. "London's Little Lagos". The African Courier. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  21. Chilton, Tony; Kilsby, Peter (20 April 1999). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1998" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  22. Kilsby, Peter; McGregor, Rod (8 June 2000). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1999" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  23. Dudley, Jill; Harvey, Paul (31 May 2001). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2000" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  24. Dudley, Jill; Hesketh, Krystina (27 June 2002). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  25. Dudley, Jill; Woollacott, Simon (28 August 2003). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2002" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  26. Dudley, Jill; Woollacott, Simon (24 May 2004). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2003" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  27. Woollacott, Simon (17 May 2005). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2004" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  28. Freelove Mensah, John (23 May 2006). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2005" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  29. Freelove Mensah, John (23 May 2006). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2006" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  30. Freelove Mensah, John (20 May 2008). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  31. Freelove Mensah, John (20 May 2008). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2008" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  32. Danzelman, Philip (27 May 2010). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2009". Home Office. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  33. Gopal, Deepthi; Matras, Yaron (October 2013). "What languages are spoken in England and Wales?". ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). Archived from the original (XLS) on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  34. Office for National Statistics (1 March 2013). "Main Language Spoken at Home (Census), Borough". Greater London Authority. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  35. Rutter, Jill (March 2013). "Back to Basics: Towards a Successful and Cost-effective Integration Policy" (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  36. Robinson, Stephen (30 November 2013). "A British education has become a commodity bought by wealthy foreigners". The Spectator. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  37. Paton, Graeme (8 February 2014). "Bid to stop private schools being 'filled by rich foreigners'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  38. "International Higher Education in Facts and Figures" (PDF). UK HE International Unit. Autumn 2013. p. 5. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  39. "The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan" (PDF). Euromonitor International for the British Council. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  40. Agnew, Thelma (2 October 2016). "An extraordinary life: Elizabeth Anionwu". Nursing Standard. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  41. "OG Anunoby's path to the NBA exposes the failings in British basketball". Real Sports. 7 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  42. "Woman pens book about impact of being racially abused growing up in Northern Ireland". Belfast Live. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2018.

External links

Nigerian diaspora
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