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{{Short description|American politician, botanist (1771-1830)}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox scientist
⚫ '''Stephen Elliott''' (November 11, 1771 in ] – March 28, 1830 in ]) was an American ], ], ], and ] who is today remembered for having written one of the most important works in American ], ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia''.<ref name="huh">"Stephen Elliott (1771-1830) Papers" In: Archives of the Gray Herbarium. In: The Harvard University Herbaria. (see External links below).</ref> The plant genus '']'' is named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=1#page/789 |title=Taxonomic Literature Online |accessdate=8 January 2015}}</ref>
⚫ |name = Stephen Elliott
|image = Stephen Elliot, Garden & Forest v7 1894.png
|birth_date = {{birth date|1777|11|11}}
|birth_place = ], ]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1830|03|28|1777|11|11}}
|death_place = ], ], U.S.
|nationality = American
|fields = Botany
|alma_mater = ]
|footnotes =
⚫ }}

⚫ '''Stephen Elliott''' (November 11, 1771 – March 28, 1830) was an American ], ], ], and ] who is today remembered for having written one of the most important works in American ], ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia''.<ref name="huh">"Stephen Elliott (1771-1830) Papers" In: Archives of the Gray Herbarium. In: The Harvard University Herbaria. (see External links below).</ref> The plant genus '']'' is named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=1#page/789 |title=Taxonomic Literature Online |access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref>


==Life== ==Life==
Stephen Elliott was born in ] on November 11, 1771. He grew up there, then moved to ] to attend ]. He graduated in 1791 as the ] of his class. From Yale, he returned to ] to work the ] that he had inherited. Stephen Elliott was born in ], on November 11, 1771. He grew up there, then moved to ], to attend ]. He graduated in 1791 as the ] of his class. From Yale, he returned to ] to work the ] that he had inherited.


He was ] to the legislature in South Carolina in 1793 or 1796 (sources disagree) and served until about 1800.<ref name=biography> In: In: </ref> He then left the legislature and devoted himself to the management of his plantation. He was re-elected to the legislature in 1808 and worked to have a bank established by the state. When the bank was founded in 1812, he resigned from the legislature and was appointed president of what was then called the "Bank of the State of South Carolina", a position that he held for the rest of his life. He was elected to the legislature in South Carolina in 1793 or 1796 (sources disagree) and served until about 1800.<ref name=biography> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011235311/http://www.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/archives/ELLIOT.htm |date=October 11, 2008 }} In: {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530072632/http://www.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/Grayarc.htm |date=May 30, 2009 }} In: </ref> He then left the legislature and devoted himself to the management of his plantation. He was re-elected to the legislature in 1808 and worked to have a bank established by the state. When the bank was founded in 1812, he resigned from the legislature and was appointed president of what was then called the "Bank of the State of South Carolina", a position that he held for the rest of his life.


His leisure was devoted to literature and science, and he cultivated the ] of ] with enthusiasm. In 1813 he was instrumental in founding the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, of which he was president. He gave free lectures on botany, and was for some time editor of the ''Southern Review''. In 1825 he aided in establishing the ], and was elected professor of ] and ], which he taught until his death in 1830.<ref name=biography /><ref name=appletons>{{Appletons|wstitle=Elliott, Stephen|year=1900|inline=1}}</ref> His leisure was devoted to literature and science, and he cultivated the study of ] with enthusiasm. Elliott was elected a Fellow of the ] in 1808.<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter E|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterE.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref> In 1813 he was instrumental in founding the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, of which he was president. He gave free lectures on botany, and was for some time editor of the ''Southern Review''. In 1825 he aided in establishing the ], and was elected professor of ] and botany, which he taught until his death in 1830.<ref name=biography /><ref name=appletons>{{Appletons|wstitle=Elliott, Stephen|year=1900|inline=1}}</ref>


Stephen Elliott engaged in a long and active ] with many of the botanists of his time, but wrote an especially large number of letters to ] of ]. The material that Elliott collected on numerous ]s and his intimate knowledge of the ] was of great value to botanists elsewhere. Elliott's ] was one of the largest in America during his lifetime. Its ]s proved invaluable to ], ], and others. The herbarium is preserved at the ].<ref name="ewan1971"/> Elliott engaged in a long and active ] with many of the botanists of his time, but wrote an especially large number of letters to ] of ]. The material that Elliott collected on numerous ]s and his intimate knowledge of the ] was of great value to botanists elsewhere. Elliott's ] was one of the largest in America during his lifetime. Its specimens proved invaluable to ], ], and others. The herbarium is preserved at the ].<ref name="ewan1971"/>


The US Federal census of 1830 records that both Elliott and his wife had extensive slaveholdings across the South Carolina and Georgia Lowcountry, enslaving 287 people in total.<ref>Year: 1830; Census Place: Ogeechee District, Chatham, Georgia; Series: M19; Roll: 16; Family History Library Film: 0007036</ref><ref>Year: 1830; Census Place: St Helena Parish, Beaufort, South Carolina; Series: M19; Roll: 170; Page: 288; Family History Library Film: 0022504</ref>
⚫ {{botanist|Elliott}}

⚫ He died in ] March 28, 1830. His son ] grew up to become a ] bishop.


==''A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia''== ==''A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia''==
His ] work, ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' contained the first ] of many ]. It was these descriptions which ] many of the names published as ] by Henry Muhlenberg. Initially published in several installments from 1816 to 1824, these were later combined into two volumes: volume I in 1821 and volume II in 1824. These dates were dates of last installment, not dates of original publication.<ref name="ewan1971">Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' In ''Classica Botanica Americana'' (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971.</ref> It was prepared with the assistance of James McBride.<ref name=appletons/> His ] work, ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' contained the first ] of many ]. It was these descriptions which ] many of the names published as ] by Henry Muhlenberg. Initially published in several installments from 1816 to 1824, these were later combined into two volumes: volume I in 1821 and volume II in 1824. These dates were dates of last installment, not dates of original publication.<ref name="ewan1971">Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' In ''Classica Botanica Americana'' (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971.</ref> It was prepared with the assistance of James McBride.<ref name=appletons/>


In 1900, '']'' described him as "the father of southern botany."<ref>{{cite journal|date=August 3, 1900|author1=Science, American Association for the Advancement of|title=The Last Quarter-A Reminiscence and an Outlook|journal=Science|volume=12|issue=292|pages=162–3|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Nn8CAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA162&lpg=RA1-PA162&dq=%22Stephen+Elliot%22+herbarium|doi=10.1126/science.ns-12.296.162-a|pmid=17799745}}</ref> In 1900, '']'' described him as "the father of southern botany."<ref>{{cite journal|date=August 3, 1900|author1=Science, American Association for the Advancement of|title=The Last Quarter-A Reminiscence and an Outlook|journal=Science|volume=12|issue=292|pages=162–3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nn8CAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Stephen+Elliot%22+herbarium&pg=RA1-PA162|doi=10.1126/science.ns-12.296.162-a|pmid=17799745}}</ref>
In 1901, Frank Lamson-Scribner wrote the following about Elliott's ''Sketch'': In 1901, Frank Lamson-Scribner wrote the following about Elliott's ''Sketch'':
<blockquote>Not until one has prepared a book where almost every line contains a statement of fact learned from original observation can he fully appreciate the amount of patience and labor involved in the preparation of such a work as the ''Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia''...today it remains indispensable to the working systematic botanists of our country.<ref name="pageV">Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' In ''Classica Botanica Americana'' (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971. page V</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Not until one has prepared a book where almost every line contains a statement of fact learned from original observation can he fully appreciate the amount of patience and labor involved in the preparation of such a work as the ''Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia''...today it remains indispensable to the working systematic botanists of our country.<ref name="pageV">Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of ''A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia'' In ''Classica Botanica Americana'' (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971. page V</ref></blockquote>


== Other published works ==
==Family==

⚫ His son ] grew up to become a ] bishop.
* Elliott, S. 1818. Observations on the genus Glycine, and some of its kindred genera. Part 1. ''Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' 1(7), 320–326. (Read June 23, 1818) ()
* Elliott, S. 1818. Observations on the genus Glycine, and some of its kindred genera. Part 2. ''Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' 1(7), 371–373. (Read June 23, 1818) ()
⚫ {{botanist|Elliott|inline=y}}

==See also==
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==External links== == External links ==
{{Wikisource author}}
*
* {{BHL author}}
* {{OL author}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=69782997}} {{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
⚫ | NAME = Elliott, Stephen
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 11, 1771
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = March 28, 1830
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫ }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elliott, Stephen}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elliott, Stephen}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 14:14, 21 August 2023

American politician, botanist (1771-1830)

Stephen Elliott
Born(1777-11-11)November 11, 1777
Beaufort, Colony of South Carolina
DiedMarch 28, 1830(1830-03-28) (aged 52)
Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materYale University
Scientific career
FieldsBotany

Stephen Elliott (November 11, 1771 – March 28, 1830) was an American legislator, banker, educator, and botanist who is today remembered for having written one of the most important works in American botany, A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia. The plant genus Elliottia is named after him.

Life

Stephen Elliott was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, on November 11, 1771. He grew up there, then moved to New Haven, Connecticut, to attend Yale University. He graduated in 1791 as the valedictorian of his class. From Yale, he returned to South Carolina to work the plantation that he had inherited.

He was elected to the legislature in South Carolina in 1793 or 1796 (sources disagree) and served until about 1800. He then left the legislature and devoted himself to the management of his plantation. He was re-elected to the legislature in 1808 and worked to have a bank established by the state. When the bank was founded in 1812, he resigned from the legislature and was appointed president of what was then called the "Bank of the State of South Carolina", a position that he held for the rest of his life.

His leisure was devoted to literature and science, and he cultivated the study of botany with enthusiasm. Elliott was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1808. In 1813 he was instrumental in founding the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina, of which he was president. He gave free lectures on botany, and was for some time editor of the Southern Review. In 1825 he aided in establishing the Medical College of South Carolina, and was elected professor of natural history and botany, which he taught until his death in 1830.

Elliott engaged in a long and active correspondence with many of the botanists of his time, but wrote an especially large number of letters to Henry Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania. The material that Elliott collected on numerous field trips and his intimate knowledge of the southeastern flora was of great value to botanists elsewhere. Elliott's herbarium was one of the largest in America during his lifetime. Its specimens proved invaluable to John Torrey, Asa Gray, and others. The herbarium is preserved at the Charleston Museum.

The US Federal census of 1830 records that both Elliott and his wife had extensive slaveholdings across the South Carolina and Georgia Lowcountry, enslaving 287 people in total.

He died in Charleston, South Carolina March 28, 1830. His son Stephen grew up to become a Protestant Episcopal bishop.

A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia

His classic work, A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia contained the first botanical descriptions of many species. It was these descriptions which validated many of the names published as nomina nuda by Henry Muhlenberg. Initially published in several installments from 1816 to 1824, these were later combined into two volumes: volume I in 1821 and volume II in 1824. These dates were dates of last installment, not dates of original publication. It was prepared with the assistance of James McBride.

In 1900, Science described him as "the father of southern botany." In 1901, Frank Lamson-Scribner wrote the following about Elliott's Sketch:

Not until one has prepared a book where almost every line contains a statement of fact learned from original observation can he fully appreciate the amount of patience and labor involved in the preparation of such a work as the Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia...today it remains indispensable to the working systematic botanists of our country.

Other published works

  • Elliott, S. 1818. Observations on the genus Glycine, and some of its kindred genera. Part 1. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1(7), 320–326. (Read June 23, 1818) (BHL link)
  • Elliott, S. 1818. Observations on the genus Glycine, and some of its kindred genera. Part 2. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1(7), 371–373. (Read June 23, 1818) (BHL link)

The standard author abbreviation Elliott is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

See also

References

  1. "Stephen Elliott (1771-1830) Papers" In: Archives of the Gray Herbarium. In: The Harvard University Herbaria. (see External links below).
  2. "Taxonomic Literature Online". Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  3. ^ Biography of Stephen Elliott Archived October 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine In: Archives of the Gray Herbarium Archived May 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine In: The Harvard University Herbaria
  4. "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter E" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  5. ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Elliott, Stephen" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  6. ^ Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia In Classica Botanica Americana (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971.
  7. Year: 1830; Census Place: Ogeechee District, Chatham, Georgia; Series: M19; Roll: 16; Family History Library Film: 0007036
  8. Year: 1830; Census Place: St Helena Parish, Beaufort, South Carolina; Series: M19; Roll: 170; Page: 288; Family History Library Film: 0022504
  9. Science, American Association for the Advancement of (August 3, 1900). "The Last Quarter-A Reminiscence and an Outlook". Science. 12 (292): 162–3. doi:10.1126/science.ns-12.296.162-a. PMID 17799745.
  10. Joseph Ewan. "Editors Introduction" In: 1971 reprint of A Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia In Classica Botanica Americana (series). Hafner Publishing Company: New York. 1971. page V
  11. International Plant Names Index.  Elliott.

External links

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