Misplaced Pages

Malcolm L. McCallum: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 12:21, 22 January 2015 editLyttle-Wight (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users48,061 edits →Education, research, teaching and service: Fix typos & xrefs.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 03:20, 15 May 2024 edit undo104.151.158.251 (talk) →Education, research, teaching and service: added a reference and ranking 
(270 intermediate revisions by 51 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Redirect|Malcolm McCallum|the Canadian politician|Malcolm Alex McCallum}}{{Short description|American herpetologist}}
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled -->
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Malcolm L. McCallum|timestamp=20150120045527|year=2015|month=January|day=20|substed=yes}}
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Malcolm L. McCallum|date=20 January 2015|result='''keep'''}} -->
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->

{{Multiple issues|{{unreferenced|date=January 2015}}{{orphan|date=January 2015}}{{autobiography|date=January 2015}}}}


{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
| name = Malcolm L. McCallum | name = Malcolm L. McCallum
|image = Malcolm_with_rooster.jpg
|image_size = 225px
|caption = Malcolm McCallum at his home in Texarkana circa 2008 with a bantam golden phoenix rooster
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|12|26}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|12|26}}
| birth_place = ], ] | birth_place = ], ]
| residence = ], ] | residence =
| nationality = United States | nationality = American
| field = ] | field = ]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| work_institutions = ]
| alma_mater = ]<br>]<br>] * ]
* ]
* ]
}} }}
| work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
'''Malcolm L. McCallum''' (born December 26, 1968 in Maywood, Illinois) is an American ], ], ], and ]. He is best known as the first to identify that ] were going extinct faster than they had during the ] at the end of the ]. He is also known for alerting the herpetological community that studies on the life history and ecology of amphibians and reptiles were largely getting ignored by the mainstream herpetology journals,<ref></ref> and as a co-founder of the largest herpetology journal, ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> His research has been covered by David Attenborough, Discover Magazine, and over a hundred media outlets. Several of his studies were highly influential on United Nations documents on climate change and biological diversity.<ref></ref><ref>McCallum, M.L. 2009. Questions and answers about climate change impacts on agriculture and wildlife. Submitted to: Panel on the Role of Ecosystem Management in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction. Climate Change Adaptation Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Richard Tingem Munang, Assistant Project Manager & Researcher-Climate Change, P.O. Box 47074-00100, Nairobi, Kenya</ref>
* ]


}}
==Early life==
}}

'''Malcolm L. McCallum''' (born December 26, 1968<ref>Birth Announcements. Joliet Herald News. January 3, 1969</ref>) is an American ], ], ], and ] and is known for his work on the ]. He is also a co-founder of the herpetology journal, '']''.<ref name="herpconbio.org"></ref> He is a key figure in amphibian biology and his research has produced numerous landmark studies.<ref>''Juniper, Tony. (2019) One of the major threats to biodiversity is infectious disease, Pp. 280 In: The Ecology Book, Penguin Randomhouse.''</ref> His work has been covered by ],<ref>'']''. .</ref> '']'',<ref name=Discover10studies>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2008/dec/04-10-studies-that-revealed-the-great-global-amphibian-die-off-and-some-possible-solutions |last=Pepitone|first= Julianne|title= 10 studies that revealed the great global amphibian die-off -- and some possible solutions|publisher=Discover Magazine|date=November 4, 2008}}</ref> and other media outlets.
Malcolm McCallum was born in ], ] in 1968, the son of Donald B. McCallum, a ], and Mary S. McCallum, a ]. McCallum lived his early years in ], ], where he developed his interests in ] and ]. Later, his family moved to ], ]. His spouse is Jamie L. McCallum, and they have a son, Max, and a daughter, Alice.<ref>personal communication</ref> He is a direct paternal descendent of ], and to ] on his mother's side<ref></ref>


==Education, research, teaching and service== ==Education, research, teaching and service==
McCallum was born in Maywood, Illinois. He earned his ] with a double major in ] and ] from ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/List_of_Illinois_State_University_alumni|title=List of Illinois State University alumni}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=July 2021}}. He earned a ] in ] from ]<ref>.
University Marketing and Communications, "02/20/1995 - EIU December Graduates Named.pdf" (1995). 1995. 63.
http://thekeep.eiu.edu/press_releases_1995/63,</ref> and the ] degree in ] from ], specializing in ] and ]. He is notable alumni from all three universities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oneclass.com/blog/illinois-state-university/181589-math-courses-at-illinois-state-university.en.html|title=Math Courses at Illinois State University - OneClass Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edurank.org/uni/illinois-state-university/alumni/|title=79 Notable alumni of Illinois State University|date=11 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edurank.org/uni/eastern-illinois-university/alumni/|title=37 Notable alumni of Eastern Illinois University|date=11 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edurank.org/uni/arkansas-state-university-main-campus/alumni/|title=39 Notable alumni of Arkansas State University|date=11 August 2021 }}</ref> He has been ranked among the 150 most influential environmental scientists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academicinfluence.com|title=Academic Influence}}</ref> and in the top 200 american zoologists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://academicinfluence.com/people/malcolm-l-mccallum|title=Academic Influence}}</ref>


In 1997 his discovery of deformed frogs in Madison County, Illinois<ref></ref> received media coverage in St. Louis news outlets.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kravetz |first=Andy |date=1 August 1997 |title=SIUE pond yields deformed frogs, questions of what they portend |url=http://business.highbeam.com/435553/article-1G1-56492824/siue-pond-yields-deformed-frogs-questions-they-portend |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120214529/http://business.highbeam.com/435553/article-1G1-56492824/siue-pond-yields-deformed-frogs-questions-they-portend |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 January 2015 |newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch}}</ref> He then worked at the St. Louis Children's Aquarium as the institution's grant writer, and designed educational programs, conducted research on the use of ] (bST) applications in aquaculture, and delivered tours and extension programming until he left to pursue his PhD in 1999. He also organized and edited the First International Symposium on the conservation and sustainability of the ornamental fish industry on Rio Negro River, Manaus.<ref>McCallum, M.L. (Editor). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Biodiversity and Sustainability of the Rio Negro Basin Brazil. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, Missouri. 1,256 pages. 1999.</ref> He participated in several areas of research that later were published by the aquarium{{which|date=April 2015}} from 1999-2001.<ref></ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2015}} ] was his doctoral mentor.
In 1992 McCallum graduated from ] with a ] degree and a double major in biology and agriculture. He names Lauren Brown, Scott Sakaluk, and Dale Birkenholz as key figures who helped and encouraged him through his undergraduate studies. He briefly attended the graduate program in agribusiness at Illinois State, but discovered pretty quick that he was much more interested in the sciences and he transferred to ], where he earned the ] in ] under ]. Initially, he focused his efforts on ], but the influence of ] shifted his interests to ] and ]. During his masters study, one of Moll's masters students turned down the opportunity to do his thesis on a large wildlife inventory project at the ] in ], ]. Upon hearing this, McCallum asked Moll if he could do the project. This study introduced him to ].


Many of his early papers were focused on ], but they also cover amphibian conservation, ecological immunology, and general biology. He is widely published on the life history and conservation of ] ('']'' ) with papers on its systematics, immunology, behavior, life history, and conservation needs. He continued this research as an assistant professor at ] from 2003–2005.
Although offered the opportunity to attend the Ph.D. program at ], he returned home to assist with a family illness from 1994 - 1999. In 1997 his discovery of deformed frogs in Madison County<ref></ref> was covered by every major media outlet in St. Louis<ref></ref> and later appeared on ]. He was hired at the ]<ref></ref> as an education specialist. After only a few months the director asked him to assist in grantsmanship, and soon gave him the title of Director of Research and Grants. He was the institution's grantwriter, designed a multitude of educational programs, conducted research on the use of ] applications in aquaculture,<ref></ref> and delivered tours and extension programming until he left to pursue his Ph.D. in 1999. He also organized the ], and later edited the proceedings.<ref></ref> Through this position, McCallum met (the foremost expert on Arkansas herpetology), who later became his doctoral mentor.<ref></ref> McCallum's academic line extends back to ].<ref></ref>
]
In 2006 McCallum and several other scientists established the journal '']''.
]
He moved to ] in 2005. Here, he developed a novel teaching method for classroom discussions. "The result of this model was not only to circumvent many lazy student behaviors, but also to improve reading comprehension by familiarizing students with how to read, process, and evaluate complex scientific manuscripts in a short period of time." Hedwig Pöllöläinen.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCallum|first=M.|date=2010|title=A Method for Encouraging Classroom Discussion of Scientific Papers|url=https://scienceblogs.com/grrlscientist/2010/07/16/parrots-people-and-pedagogies|journal=Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America|volume=91|issue=3|pages=363–366|doi=10.1890/0012-9623-91.3.363|issn=0012-9623|doi-access=free|bibcode=2010BuESA..91..363M }}</ref>
]
McCallum used ] in his paper, ''Amphibian decline or extinction? Current losses dwarf background extinction rates'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=McCallum|first= M.L. |year=2007|title= Amphibian decline or extinction? Current losses dwarf background rates|journal= Journal of Herpetology|volume= 41|issue=3|pages=483–491|url=http://www.herpconbio.org/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdf|doi=10.1670/0022-1511(2007)412.0.co;2|s2cid= 30162903 }}</ref> to compare recent extinction rates of amphibians to their rates at the k-Pg boundary. His calculations demonstrated that the losses in amphibian biodiversity in recent times represented one of the most rapid losses in biodiversity ever observed. In 2008 the study was listed by '']'' as #4 among ten "landmark papers" on the topic of ].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pepitone|first=Julianne |year=2008|title= 10 Studies That Revealed the Great Global Amphibian Die-Off—and Some Possible Solutions|journal= Discover Magazine|volume= 41|issue=7|url=}}</ref> His use of fuzzy approaches was extended to two studies ] impacts on herpetofauna.<ref></ref><ref></ref> His 2015 paper argued that species losses of vertebrate animals since 1980 have been faster that the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that wiped out dinosaurs 65 million years ago, suggesting we are in a 6th mass extinction.<ref>Rhett A. Butler (June 21, 2015).
Study confirms what scientists have been saying for decades: the sixth mass extinction is real and caused by us. http://news.mongabay.com/2015/0621-sixth-mass-extinction.html</ref><ref>Anonymous. (June 16, 2015). Today's biodiversity losses comprise a sixth mass extinction. BirdWatch Magazine (UK) http://www.birdwatch.co.uk/channel/newsitem.asp?c=11&cate=__15971</ref>


In 2014 he conducted a study using ] to data mine ] search data to infer public interest on the environment, and concluded that interest in the environment had fallen since 2004.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McCallum|first1=Malcolm L.|last2=Bury|first2=Gwendolyn W.|title=Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=2013|volume=22|issue=6–7|pages=1355–1367|doi=10.1007/s10531-013-0476-6|bibcode=2013BiCon..22.1355M |s2cid=15593201}}</ref> In 2019, he compared Google searches before and after release of the landmark encyclical, ], revealing that interest in the environment rose markedly in most countries around the world.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCallum|first=Malcolm L.|date=2019-07-01|title=Perspective: Global country-by-country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical, Laudato Si′|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=235|pages=209–225|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.010|bibcode=2019BCons.235..209M |s2cid=181819204|issn=0006-3207}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/05/interest-in-protecting-environment-up-since-popes-2015-encyclical/|title=Interest in protecting environment up since Pope's 2015 encyclical|date=2019-05-21|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-23}}</ref>
McCallum demonstrated a high degree of productivity as a doctoral student, submitting dozens of manuscripts prior to graduation.<ref></ref> Many of these were focused on ], but they also targeted mass mortality of amphibians, spatial studies of endangered amphibians, ecological immunology, and functional biology. He is the foremost expert on ] ('']'' ) and his studies on this frog included systematics, immunology, behavior, life history, and conservation needs. He earned the ] degree in ] from ], specializing in ] and ]. He continued this as an Assistant Professor at ] from 2003–2005. After four years in the state, he was the fourth most published herpetologist on Arkansas herpetology behind Trauth, ], and ].


==Selected bibliography==
He moved to ] in 2005 in response to exigency preparations by ]. From 2005 to 2009, he was the only full-time biology professor on staff at the Texarkana campus. When he arrived in 2005, the program was largely in disarray. The fallout from release of the previous professor had created much student, faculty, and administrative unrest. He assessed student performance, redesigned the curriculum, organized a paid intern program, and increased the program's rigor. Student success under McCallum's leadership was the highest in the history of ]'s biology program. It remains unmatched in percent admission to medical, dental and veterinary school, percent admission to graduate school, post-graduate employment in the life sciences, and average test scores on the ]'s ]. The changes he made and outcomes of those changes were presented as a case study before the ] in 2014.<ref></ref><ref></ref> While at Texarkana, he also developed a new teaching method for effectively using scientific articles in discussion settings<ref></ref> which has received a lot of attention,<ref></ref><ref></ref> and was invited to publish it in the ].
McCallum is the author of over 100 publications.<ref>McCallum, M.L. 2010. Characterizing author citation ratings of herpetologists using Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Herpetology Notes 3:239-245.</ref>

*Meshaka, Walter E. Jr., Suzanne L. Collins, R. Bruce Bury, Malcolm L. McCallum (2022) '']''. University Press of Florida.
McCallum was introduced to ] during a faculty candidate's presentation. He studied fuzzy computational techniques over the next year and submitted his first manuscript using the methods, ''Amphibian decline or extinction? Current losses dwarf background extinction rates''. At the time, no one spoke of extinction in relation to amphibian declines. His calculations demonstrated that the losses in amphibian biodiversity in recent times represented one of the most rapid losses in biodiversity ever observed. This study immediately changed the discussion of amphibian declines to a discussion of ]. The manuscript received widespread notoriety and ] listed it among its list of ten most important papers on the amphibian extinction issue.<ref></ref> His use of fuzzy approaches was extended to two studies addressing climate change impacts on herpetofauna.<ref></ref><ref></ref> These three articles received international attention as important subjects of the ]'s ] in 2009. He is currently among the foremost experts on applications of fuzzy approaches to ] and ].
*McCallum, M.L. (2021) Turtle biodiversity losses suggest coming sixth mass extinction. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 1257–1275<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCallum |first=Malcolm L. |date=2021-04-01 |title=Turtle biodiversity losses suggest coming sixth mass extinction |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02140-8 |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=1257–1275 |doi=10.1007/s10531-021-02140-8 |bibcode=2021BiCon..30.1257M |s2cid=233903598 |issn=1572-9710}}</ref>

*McCallum, M.L. (2019) Perspective: Global country-by-country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical, ''Laudato Si′.'' Biological Conservation 235:209-225.
During the 2008 - 2009 academic year, the campus was informed of multiple cuts to state funding that would accumulate to over 22% by the end of the 2009-2010 academic year. He was the only untenured professors among five full-time and part-time faculty in the program after the administration misplaced his tenure portfolio prior to evaluation, and was released due to an excess of biology faculty compared to student enrollment. From 2010 to 2015 he worked as a private consultant and as a visiting faculty member for numerous different institutions including ], ], and ]. Despite this, his productivity remained unhindered. In 2013 he published the first study to demonstrate the agronomic herbicide Atrazine could alter the sexual selection process in insects. The study results have important repercussions for nonlethal effects of endocrine disruption on populations, their capacity to interfere with sexual selection, and the role of estrogen in pheromone communication among insects.<ref></ref> Another important study released the same year addressed falling public interest in the environment. This study demonstrated that interest in the environment is falling behind other areas of concern. Ficetola responded to this article in a short commentary, suggesting that the deductions of this study were misconstrued. However, that response was rebutted by McCallum effectively obliterating the argument and further explaining that "Policy is dictated by proportional popularity, not absolute numbers of individuals." This article received international media attention and was prominently discussed in relation to the ]'s progress on achieving <ref></ref>
*McCallum, M.L. (2015) Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to sixth mass extinction. Biodiversity and Conservation 24:2497-.2519.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McCallum|first1=Malcolm|title=Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to a sixth mass extinction|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|date=September 2015|volume=24|issue=10|pages=2497–2519|doi=10.1007/s10531-015-0940-6|bibcode=2015BiCon..24.2497M |s2cid=16845698}}</ref>

*McCallum, M.L. and G.W. Bury (2014). Public interest in the environment is falling: A Response to Ficetola (2013). Biodiversity and Conservation 23:1057-1362.
McCallum's portfolio of over 100 publications and citation rating places him among the most productive herpetologists in his generation.<ref></ref><ref></ref>
*McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. (2014). Ecological Release of an exotic species upon removal of an invasive predator. Journal of North American Herpetology 2014:21 – 27.

*McCallum, M.L., M. Matlock, J. Treas, B. Safi, W. Sanson, J.L. McCallum. (2013). Endocrine disruption of sexual selection by an estrogenic herbicide in ''Tenebrio molitor''. Ecotoxicology 22:1461-1466.
====
*McCallum, M.L., and G.W. Bury. (2013). Google search patterns suggest declining interest in conservation and environment. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:1355 – 1367.

In 2003 McCallum was asked to edit the journal Herpetological Natural History. After examining the publication record and discussing matters with editorial staff, he declined the opportunity. Instead, he and several other scientists established the journal (HCB).<ref></ref> The journal focused on two areas of need in the herpetological community that were closely related, life history and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. McCallum was the original lead editor starting in 2006. He was responsible for promotions, website, manuscript layouts, formatting, and all aspects of running the journal. As the journal grew, he stepped back from many of these roles, allowing others to take over those responsibilities. The journal now has the largest editorial staff and publishes more articles and more pages of herpetological research than any other herpetological journal. It is the leading journal focused on conservation of amphibians and reptiles and has received widespread notoriety and surprising media attention. The journal received its first Impact Factor Rating from Thomson-Reuters Journal Citation Reports in 2011<ref></ref> and continues to maintain a rating competitive with contemporary herpetology journals. In 2013, Google Metrics listed HCB among the top 20 conservation journals on the web, and it is widely recognized as a leader in the field. 2015 will mark its 10th year of publication under the leadership of the current governing board, of which McCallum is a founding member.

==Publications==

# McCallum, M.L. and G.W. Bury (2014). Public interest in the environment is falling: A Response to Ficetola (2013). Biodiversity and Conservation DOI 10.1007/s10531-014-0640-7
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. (2014). Ecological Release of an exotic species upon removal of an invasive predator. Journal of North American Herpetology 2014:21 – 27.
# McCallum, M.L., G.M. Worley, B. Safi, K. Dickens, J. Jones, and J.L. McCallum. (2013). By-catch in a recreational fishery: an unmonitored source of mortality. PeerJ Preprints 1:e129v1.
# McCallum, M.L., M. Matlock, J. Treas, B. Safi, W. Sanson, J.L. McCallum. (2013). Endocrine disruption of sexual selection by an estrogenic herbicide in ''Tenebrio molitor''. Ecotoxicology 22:1461-1466.
# McCallum, M.L., and G.W. Bury. (2013). Google search patterns suggest declining interest in conservation and environment. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:1355 – 1367.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum 2012. Does body size reflect foraging success in post-metamorphic Marine Toads? Herpetology Notes 5:15-18.
# McCallum, M.L. 2011. Orientation and directional escape by Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (''Acris blanchardi'') in response to a human predator. Acta Herpetologica 6(2):161-168.
# McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, B.A. Wheeler, and R.L. Shelton. 2011. Body condition of hatchling Alligator Snapping Turtles confiscated from the illegal international wildlife trade. Herpetology Notes 4:363-367.
# McCallum, M.L., C. Brooks, R. Mason, and S.E. Trauth. 2011. Growth, reproduction, and life span in Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi) with notes on the growth of the Northern Cricket Frog (''Acris crepitans''). Herpetology Notes 4:25-35.
# McCallum, M.L., W.E. Moser, B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. Trauth. 2011. Amphibian infestation and host size preference by the leech (''Desserbdella picta'' , Hirundinea: Rhychobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from the eastern Ozarks. Herpetology Notes 4:147-151.
# McCallum, M.L. 2011. Road mortality of turtles and bullfrogs during a major flood. Herpetology Notes 4:183-186.
# Jones, L., D.R. Gossett, M.L. McCallum, and S.W. Banks. 2010. The antioxidant defense system in tadpoles of the American Bullfrog (''Rana catesbeiana'') exposed to Paraquat. Journal of Herpetology 44(2):222-228.
# McCallum, M.L. 2010. Future Climate Change Spells Catastrophe for Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, ''Acris blanchardi'' (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Acta Herpetologica 5(1):119-130.
# McCallum, M.L. 2010. Characterizing author citation ratings of herpetologists using Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Herpetology Notes 3:239-245.
# McCallum, M.L. 2010. A method for encouraging classroom discussion of scientific papers. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 31(3):363-366. (Invited)
# McCallum, M.L., J.L. McCallum, S.E. Trauth. 2009. Predicted climate change may spark box turtle declines. Amphibia-Reptilia 30:259-264.
# McCallum, M.L., S. Beharry and S.E. Trauth. 2008. The Central Newt and Ozark Highlands Leech: Müllerian or Aggressive Mimics? Southeastern Naturalist 7(1):173-179.
# McCallum, M.L. 2007. Amphibian decline or extinction? Current declines dwarf background extinction rate. Journal of Herpetology 41(3):483-491.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2007. Physiological trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in the northern cricket frog (''Acris crepitans''). Herpetologica 63(3):269-274.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2006. An Evaluation of the Subspecies ''Acris crepitans blanchardi'' (Anura, Hylidae). Zootaxa 1104(1):1-21.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. 2006. Publication Trends of Natural History and Field Studies in Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 1(1):63-68.
# McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth and R.G. Neal. 2006. Tail-coiling in Ringneck Snakes: Flash display or decoy? Herpetological Natural History 10(1):91-94.
# McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, C.R. McDowell, R.G. Neal and T.L. Klotz. 2006. Calling site characterization of the Illinois chorus frog (''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis'') with additional notes on population size and breeding choruses. Herpetological Natural History 9(2):183-185.
# Trauth, S.E., M.L. McCallum, R. Konvalinka, and D.A. Saugey. 2006. Brooding postures and nest site fidelity in the western slimy salamander, ''Plethodon albagula'' (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae), from an abandoned mine shaft in Arkansas. Herpetological Natural History 9(2):141-149.
# McCallum, M.L. and J. Rayburn. 2006. A simple method for housing ''Xenopus'' during oviposition and obtaining eggs for use in FETAX. Herpetological Review 37(3):331-332.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2004. Blanchard’s Cricket Frog in Nebraska and South Dakota. Prairie Naturalist 36(2):129-135.
# McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, M.N. Mary, C.R. McDowell, and B.A. Wheeler. 2004. Fall breeding of the southern leopard frog (''Rana sphenocephala'') in northeastern Arkansas. Southeastern Naturalist 3(3):401-408.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2003. A 43-year museum study of Northern Cricket Frog (''Acris crepitans'') abnormalities in Arkansas: Upward trends and distributions. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(3):522-528.
# Wheeler, B.A., M.L. McCallum, and S.E. Trauth. 2002. Abnormalities in the Ozark Hellbender, ''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi''. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 56:250-252.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2002. Performance of wood frog (''Rana sylvatica'') tadpoles on three soybean meal – corn meal rations. Pod@rcis 3(3):78-85.
# McCallum, M.L. 2001. A classroom demonstration of temperature and wind effects on plant transpiration. American Biology Teacher 63(6):420-421.
# McCallum, M.L., R.G. Neal, S.E. Trauth, and V. Hoffman. 2003. A herpetofaunal inventory of the Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas County, Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 57:122-130.
# Trauth, S.E., M.L. McCallum, and M. E. Cartwright. 2000. Breeding Mortality in the wood frog, ''Rana sylvatica'' (Anura: Ranidae), from Northcentral Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 54:154-156.
# McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2000. Curly-tail malformity in hatchlings of the alligator snapping turtle, ''Macroclemys temminickii'' (Testudines: Chelydridae), from Northeastern Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 54:150-152.
# 2McCallum, M.L. 1999. ''Rana sphenocephala'' (southern leopard frog) malformities found in Illinois with behavioral notes. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 92:257-264.
# Bouschard, L. & M.L. McCallum. 1999. Sustainable Ecosystems. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 11 pages.
# McCallum, M.L. 1999. General Zoology Curriculum. City Colleges of Chicago. Chicago, IL
# McCallum, M.L. 1999. Human Structure and Function II Curriculum. City Colleges of Chicago. Chicago, IL
# McCallum, M.L. 1999. Human Structure and Function I Curriculum. City Colleges of Chicago. Chicago, IL
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Comparison of the feeding behaviors of two Pipids. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32:24-25.
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Comparison of the feeding behavior of ''Xenopus laevis'' and ''Hymenochirus boettgeri'' with emphasis on the use of the forelimbs. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 34(1):29-33.
# McCallum, M.L. & L. Bouschard. 1998. Explore & More: Science Discovery in Fisheries II. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 250 pages.
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Inquiry-based learning programs for educators and students, 1998-1999 Academic Year. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 30 pages.
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Explore & More: Science Discovery in Fisheries I. Mid- America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 67 pages
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Explore & More: Science Discovery in Agriculture II. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 52 pages
# McCallum, M.L. 1998. Explore & More: Science Discovery in Agriculture I. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, MO. 225 pages
# 2McCallum, M.L. 1997. Use of the claws to facilitate ecdysis in Xenopus laevis. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 32:28
# 4b. Notes and editorials
# McCallum, M.L. 2012. Notes on the diet and egg clutches of the Pirate Perch from central Arkansas. Southeastern Naturalist 11(3):543-545.
# McCallum, M.L. 2012. Thomson Reuters reports the first official 2-year and 5-year impact ratings for HCB. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7:vi.
# Flowers, R. and M.L. McCallum. 2012. Probable Fire Ant predation on a Broadhead Skink. Herpetology Notes 5:1-3.
# McCallum, M.L., B.A. McCallum, and D.B. McCallum. 2011. ''Pantherophis obsoletus'' (Black Rat Snake). Predation and Escape Behavior. Herpetological Review 42(3):443.
# Parker, K. and M.L. McCallum. 2011. ''Pantherophis obsoletus'' (Texas Rat Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review. 42(4):502.
# Bloyd, T. L., and M.L. McCallum. 2010. Another potential victim of mortality by in-ground swimming pools: the Ringneck Snake (''Diadophis punctatus)''. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 31:10.
# McCallum, M.L. 2009. Thoughts on the economy, the environment, and taking action. Save the Frogs Newsletter 2009(11):2.
# McCallum, M.L. 2009. Where were you Wall Street. Aquila Review 2:91-92.
# McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth. 2009. ''Hyla cinerea'' (Green Treefrog) and Pseudacris triseriata (Western Chorus Frog). Amplectant Calling. Herpetological Review 40(2):204-205.
# McCallum, M.L., V. Bogosian III, and E. Walsh. 2008. Mortality of Bullfrogs (''Rana catesbeiana'') from an in-ground swimming pool. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 28:15.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2008. Egg mass fidelity suggests oophagy in the Illinois Chorus Frog (''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis''). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 28:14.
# McCallum, M.L. 2008. Editorial changes and using film clips as figures in HCB PDFs. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 3(2):i.
# McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler and S.E. Trauth. (2008). ''Eurycea longicauda melanopleura'' (Dark-sided Salamander). Aberrant Coloration. Herpetological Review 39(3):334
# McCallum, M.L., A.R. Langley, and W.E. Meshaka. 2008. Human-Mediated Dispersal of the Mediterranean Gecko (''Hemidactylus turcicus'') in Texas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 25:21.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. 2007. ''Masticophis flagellum'' (Eastern Coachwhip) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 38(3):340-341.
# McCallum, M.L, R.B. Bury, S.E. Trauth, and R.A. Saumure. 2006. A revisit of a classic paper By Norm Scott on amphibian and reptile community ecology. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 1:133-134.
# McCallum, M.L. and C.T. McAllister. 2006. ''Scincella lateralis'' (Ground Skink) Aquatic Behavior. Herpetological Review 37(1): 92-93.
# Bury, R.B., M.L. McCallum, S.E. Trauth and R.A. Saumure. 2006. Inaugural issue of Herpetological Conservation and Biology. Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 25(4):23.
# Bury, R.B., M.L. McCallum, S.E. Trauth and R.A. Saumure. 2006. Dawning of Herpetological Conservation and Biology: A Special Welcome to Your New Journal. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 1(1):i-iii.
# Bury, R.B., M.L. McCallum, R.A. Saumure, S.E. Trauth. 2006. New on-line herpetology journal. Missouri Herpetological Society Newsletter 19:3.
# McCallum, M.L. 2006. Playing the hand we are dealt. Florida Wildlife Rehabilitators Association Printed Quarterly 15(4):4.
# Ray, J.E., D. Preston, and M.L. McCallum. 2006. ''Bufo nebulifer'' (Coastal Plains Toad) Urban Road Mortality. Herpetological Review 37(4):442.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum 2006. ''Hemidactylum turcicus'' (Mediterranean Gecko). Prey and Predation. Herpetological Review 37(4):465-466.
# Bury, R.B., M.L. McCallum, R.A. Saumure, and S.E. Trauth. 2006. Announcing: Herpetological Conservation and Biology—The first issue. The Murreletter 14(3):4.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. 2006. ''Hemidactylum turcicus'' (Mediterranean Gecko). Diurnal Burrows and Refugia. Herpetological Review 37(4):465.
# McCallum, M.L. 2005. Tropical herpetology: a drop in the bucket. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20(6):289-290. (Invited)
# Walsh, E., S. Gabrey and M.L. McCallum 2005. ''Agkistrodon piscivorus'' (Western Cottonmouth) Striking Behavior. Herpetological Review. 36 (2):186.
# Neal, R.G., M.L. McCallum, C.R. McDowell, S.E. Trauth. 2004. ''Alligator mississippiensis'' (American Alligator) nest and nestling ecology. Herpetological Review 35(4):379.
# McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. 2004. ''Hyla chrysoscelis'' (Cope’s Treefrog) Tadpole overwintering. Herpetological Review 36(1):54.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Chelydra serpentina'' (common snapping turtle). Site Fidelity and Growth. Herpetological Review 34(3):239-240.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Acris crepitans'' (Northern Cricket Frog). Communal Hibernaculum. Herpetological Review 34(3):228.
# McCallum, M.L. 2003. ''Graptemys geographica'' (Northern Map Turtle) Nest over-wintering. Herpetological Review 34(3):241.
# McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis'' (Central Newt) Brachiate Adults. Herpetological Review 34(1):46.
# McCallum, M.L., R.G. Neal, and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis'' (Illinois Chorus Frog) Satellite Behavior. Herpetological Review 34(1):53.
# McCallum, M.L., T.L. Klotz, and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Rana sylvatica'' (Wood Frog) phonotactically stalking calling male ''Pseudacris crucifer'' (spring peeper). Herpetological Review 34(1):54.
# McCallum, M.L., T.L. Klotz, and S.E. Trauth. 2003. ''Rana sylvatica'' (Wood Frog) Death Feigning. Herpetological Review 34(1):54-55.
# McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. Trauth. 2002. The frog box: A new bulk holding device for anurans. Herpetological Review 33(2):107-108.
# McCallum, M.L. 2001. ''Opheodrys aestivus'' (Rough Green Snake). Hibernaculum. Herpetological Review 32(1):50
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2001. ''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis'' (Illinois Chorus Frog). Terrestrial Feeding. Herpetological Review 32(1):35.
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2001. ''Hyla cinerea'' (Green Treefrog) Pre-hibernation live body weights. Herpetological Review 32(3):182.
# Trauth, S.E. and M.L. McCallum. 2001. ''Alligator mississippiensis'' (American Alligator) Winter Kill. Herpetological Review 32(4):250-251.
# McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. Trauth. 2001. ''Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis'' (Illinois Chorus Frog) Dysfunctional vocal sac. Herpetological Review 32(4):248-249.
# McCallum, ML, Wheeler, BA, trauth, SE (2001): ''Acris crepitans'' (northern cricket frog). Attempted cannibalism. Herpetol. rev. 32: 99-100
# Trauth, S.E., M.L. McCallum, B. Ball, and V. Hoffman. 2000. ''Plethodon caddoensis'' (Caddo Mountain Salamander) and ''Plethodon serratus'' (Southern Redback Salamander). Nocturnal Climbing Activity. Herpetological Review 31:232-233
# McCallum, M.L. and S.E. Trauth. 2000 State links and conservation information for Arkansas. In: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Conservation Page. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. http://www.harding.edu/~plummer/stateconservation.htm#arkansas.
# McCallum, M.L. 1999. ''Acris crepitans'' (northern cricket frog). Death Feigning. Herpetological Review 30:90.
# McCallum, M.L. 1995. ''Nerodia sipedon'' (northern water snake). Feeding. Herpetological Review 26:39.
# McCallum, M.L. 1995. Geographical Distribution. ''Heterodon nasicus'' (western hognose snake). Herpetological Review 26:46.


==References== ==References==

<references /> <references />


==External links== ==External links==
*


{{Authority control}}
*
*
*
*


{{Authority control|VIAF=19739091}}
{{Persondata
|NAME=McCallum, Malcolm Lloyd
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Herpetologist
|DATE OF BIRTH=26 December 1968
|PLACE OF BIRTH=], ]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McCallum, Malcolm}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McCallum, Malcolm}}
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 15 May 2024

"Malcolm McCallum" redirects here. For the Canadian politician, see Malcolm Alex McCallum.American herpetologist
Malcolm L. McCallum
Malcolm McCallum at his home in Texarkana circa 2008 with a bantam golden phoenix rooster
Born (1968-12-26) December 26, 1968 (age 55)
Maywood, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Scientific career
FieldsEnvironmental Sciences
Institutions


Malcolm L. McCallum (born December 26, 1968) is an American environmental scientist, conservationist, herpetologist, and natural historian and is known for his work on the Holocene Extinction. He is also a co-founder of the herpetology journal, Herpetological Conservation and Biology. He is a key figure in amphibian biology and his research has produced numerous landmark studies. His work has been covered by David Attenborough, Discover Magazine, and other media outlets.

Education, research, teaching and service

McCallum was born in Maywood, Illinois. He earned his BS with a double major in agriculture and biology from Illinois State University,. He earned a MS in Environmental Biology from Eastern Illinois University and the PhD degree in Environmental Science from Arkansas State University, specializing in ecotoxicology and conservation ecology. He is notable alumni from all three universities. He has been ranked among the 150 most influential environmental scientists and in the top 200 american zoologists.

In 1997 his discovery of deformed frogs in Madison County, Illinois received media coverage in St. Louis news outlets. He then worked at the St. Louis Children's Aquarium as the institution's grant writer, and designed educational programs, conducted research on the use of bovine somatotropin (bST) applications in aquaculture, and delivered tours and extension programming until he left to pursue his PhD in 1999. He also organized and edited the First International Symposium on the conservation and sustainability of the ornamental fish industry on Rio Negro River, Manaus. He participated in several areas of research that later were published by the aquarium from 1999-2001. Stanley E. Trauth was his doctoral mentor.

Many of his early papers were focused on natural history, but they also cover amphibian conservation, ecological immunology, and general biology. He is widely published on the life history and conservation of Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris blanchardi ) with papers on its systematics, immunology, behavior, life history, and conservation needs. He continued this research as an assistant professor at Louisiana State University at Shreveport from 2003–2005.

Southern Leopard Frogs with abnormal limbs of unknown causation (c. 1997)

In 2006 McCallum and several other scientists established the journal Herpetological Conservation and Biology.

Malcolm L. McCallum teaching field biology on the Caddo River, Arkansas in 2005

He moved to Texas A&M University Texarkana in 2005. Here, he developed a novel teaching method for classroom discussions. "The result of this model was not only to circumvent many lazy student behaviors, but also to improve reading comprehension by familiarizing students with how to read, process, and evaluate complex scientific manuscripts in a short period of time." Hedwig Pöllöläinen.

Jamie and Malcolm McCallum with David Attenborough on the set of Life in Cold Blood in the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas.

McCallum used fuzzy logic in his paper, Amphibian decline or extinction? Current losses dwarf background extinction rates, to compare recent extinction rates of amphibians to their rates at the k-Pg boundary. His calculations demonstrated that the losses in amphibian biodiversity in recent times represented one of the most rapid losses in biodiversity ever observed. In 2008 the study was listed by Discover Magazine as #4 among ten "landmark papers" on the topic of amphibian extinctions and declines. His use of fuzzy approaches was extended to two studies addressing climate change impacts on herpetofauna. His 2015 paper argued that species losses of vertebrate animals since 1980 have been faster that the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that wiped out dinosaurs 65 million years ago, suggesting we are in a 6th mass extinction.

In 2014 he conducted a study using Google Trends to data mine Google search data to infer public interest on the environment, and concluded that interest in the environment had fallen since 2004. In 2019, he compared Google searches before and after release of the landmark encyclical, Laudato Si', revealing that interest in the environment rose markedly in most countries around the world.

Selected bibliography

McCallum is the author of over 100 publications.

  • Meshaka, Walter E. Jr., Suzanne L. Collins, R. Bruce Bury, Malcolm L. McCallum (2022) Exotic Amphibians and Reptiles of the United States. University Press of Florida.
  • McCallum, M.L. (2021) Turtle biodiversity losses suggest coming sixth mass extinction. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 1257–1275
  • McCallum, M.L. (2019) Perspective: Global country-by-country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical, Laudato Si′. Biological Conservation 235:209-225.
  • McCallum, M.L. (2015) Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to sixth mass extinction. Biodiversity and Conservation 24:2497-.2519.
  • McCallum, M.L. and G.W. Bury (2014). Public interest in the environment is falling: A Response to Ficetola (2013). Biodiversity and Conservation 23:1057-1362.
  • McCallum, M.L. and J.L. McCallum. (2014). Ecological Release of an exotic species upon removal of an invasive predator. Journal of North American Herpetology 2014:21 – 27.
  • McCallum, M.L., M. Matlock, J. Treas, B. Safi, W. Sanson, J.L. McCallum. (2013). Endocrine disruption of sexual selection by an estrogenic herbicide in Tenebrio molitor. Ecotoxicology 22:1461-1466.
  • McCallum, M.L., and G.W. Bury. (2013). Google search patterns suggest declining interest in conservation and environment. Biodiversity and Conservation 22:1355 – 1367.

References

  1. Birth Announcements. Joliet Herald News. January 3, 1969
  2. Bury, RB, ML McCallum, SE Trauth, and RA Saumure. 2006. Dawning of Herpetological Conservation and Biology: A special welcome to your new journal. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 1(1):i-iii.
  3. Juniper, Tony. (2019) One of the major threats to biodiversity is infectious disease, Pp. 280 In: The Ecology Book, Penguin Randomhouse.
  4. Life in Cold Blood. "The Land Invaders".
  5. Pepitone, Julianne (November 4, 2008). "10 studies that revealed the great global amphibian die-off -- and some possible solutions". Discover Magazine.
  6. "List of Illinois State University alumni".
  7. . University Marketing and Communications, "02/20/1995 - EIU December Graduates Named.pdf" (1995). 1995. 63. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/press_releases_1995/63,
  8. "Math Courses at Illinois State University - OneClass Blog".
  9. "79 Notable alumni of Illinois State University". 11 August 2021.
  10. "37 Notable alumni of Eastern Illinois University". 11 August 2021.
  11. "39 Notable alumni of Arkansas State University". 11 August 2021.
  12. "Academic Influence".
  13. "Academic Influence".
  14. McCallum, M.L. 1999. Rana sphenocephala (southern leopard frog) malformities found in Illinois with behavioral notes. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 92:257-264.
  15. Kravetz, Andy (1 August 1997). "SIUE pond yields deformed frogs, questions of what they portend". St Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015.
  16. McCallum, M.L. (Editor). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Biodiversity and Sustainability of the Rio Negro Basin Brazil. Mid-America Aquacenter Publications. St. Louis, Missouri. 1,256 pages. 1999.
  17. Conservation for the Oceans. World Aquarium. St. Louis. Activities 1999-2014.
  18. McCallum, M. (2010). "A Method for Encouraging Classroom Discussion of Scientific Papers". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 91 (3): 363–366. Bibcode:2010BuESA..91..363M. doi:10.1890/0012-9623-91.3.363. ISSN 0012-9623.
  19. McCallum, M.L. (2007). "Amphibian decline or extinction? Current losses dwarf background rates" (PDF). Journal of Herpetology. 41 (3): 483–491. doi:10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[483:adoecd]2.0.co;2. S2CID 30162903.
  20. Pepitone, Julianne (2008). "10 Studies That Revealed the Great Global Amphibian Die-Off—and Some Possible Solutions". Discover Magazine. 41 (7).
  21. McCallum, M.L., J.L. McCallum, S.E. Trauth. 2009. Predicted climate change may spark box turtle declines. Amphibia-Reptilia 30:259-264.
  22. McCallum, M.L. 2010. Future Climate Change Spells Catastrophe for Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, Acris blanchardi (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Acta Herpetologica 5(1):119-130.
  23. Rhett A. Butler (June 21, 2015). Study confirms what scientists have been saying for decades: the sixth mass extinction is real and caused by us. http://news.mongabay.com/2015/0621-sixth-mass-extinction.html
  24. Anonymous. (June 16, 2015). Today's biodiversity losses comprise a sixth mass extinction. BirdWatch Magazine (UK) http://www.birdwatch.co.uk/channel/newsitem.asp?c=11&cate=__15971
  25. McCallum, Malcolm L.; Bury, Gwendolyn W. (2013). "Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment". Biodiversity and Conservation. 22 (6–7): 1355–1367. Bibcode:2013BiCon..22.1355M. doi:10.1007/s10531-013-0476-6. S2CID 15593201.
  26. McCallum, Malcolm L. (2019-07-01). "Perspective: Global country-by-country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical, Laudato Si′". Biological Conservation. 235: 209–225. Bibcode:2019BCons.235..209M. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.010. ISSN 0006-3207. S2CID 181819204.
  27. "Interest in protecting environment up since Pope's 2015 encyclical". Mongabay Environmental News. 2019-05-21. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  28. McCallum, M.L. 2010. Characterizing author citation ratings of herpetologists using Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Herpetology Notes 3:239-245.
  29. McCallum, Malcolm L. (2021-04-01). "Turtle biodiversity losses suggest coming sixth mass extinction". Biodiversity and Conservation. 30 (5): 1257–1275. Bibcode:2021BiCon..30.1257M. doi:10.1007/s10531-021-02140-8. ISSN 1572-9710. S2CID 233903598.
  30. McCallum, Malcolm (September 2015). "Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to a sixth mass extinction". Biodiversity and Conservation. 24 (10): 2497–2519. Bibcode:2015BiCon..24.2497M. doi:10.1007/s10531-015-0940-6. S2CID 16845698.

External links

Categories: