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	The '''Gamergate controversy''', centering on a debate about ], came to public attention in August 2014 as a result of ] and ] attacks targeting a number of women in the video game industry, including game developers ] and ], cultural critic ], and others. These attacks, which were often performed under the #gamergate ] or by people connected to it, ranged from online harassment and death threats to threats of terrorist attacks, and were frequently coordinated and promoted within subforums of ] such as ] and ]. Gamergate is widely viewed as a manifestation of a ] that is resisting the diversification of ], the recognition of ], ] of video game ], and the impact of these things on ] ]. Some people involved in the controversy say that it is a movement concerned with ] in ], but the overwhelming majority of commentators have dismissed the concerns it has focused on as being trivial, conspiracy theories, or unrelated to ethics.

			{{Rcat shell\|
	==History==
			{{R from merge}}
	] was the original target of the harassment campaign.]]
	In February 2013, independent game developer ] released '']'', an ] ] through the depressionquest.com website. Though the game was met positively by critics, a backlash developed among some gamers who believed that the game received an undue amount of attention in comparison to its quality, especially after a planned ] distribution platform release. Quinn began to receive ] over the game upon its release and criticism from some parts of the Steam user community, receiving enough harassment to cause her to change her phone number. This elicited further outrage from others and by September 2014, Quinn had been the target of eighteen months of increasing harassment which had created "an ambient hum of menace in her life, albeit one that she has mostly been able to ignore."<ref name=dot /><ref name="new yorker" /><ref name="pcgamerdq"/><ref name=csmonitor /><ref name="TelegraphDec3"/><ref name="KernelMag"/>

	Shortly after the release of Depression Quest on ] in August 2014, Quinn's former boyfriend Eron Gjoni wrote a blog post, described by '']'' as a "rambling online essay",<ref name="nytimes usu threat" /> containing a series of allegations, among which was that Quinn had an affair with ] journalist Nathan Grayson.<ref name=WaPo /> This led to false allegations from Quinn's detractors that the relationship had resulted in Grayson publishing a positive review of the game.<ref name=goldman /><ref name=WaPo /><ref name=KotakuRefuted /><ref name=TeleStuart/><ref name=NYMag/><ref name="newyorker2" /><ref name=canadacom/> Kotaku's editor-in-chief Stephen Totilo affirmed the existence of a relationship, but clarified that Grayson had not written anything about Quinn after the relationship had commenced and had never reviewed her games, though he did acknowledge a piece written before the two began their relationship.<ref name=KotakuRefuted /><ref name="pcmag about gg"/> A number of commentators in and outside the gaming industry denounced the attack on Quinn as ] and unfounded.<ref name=dot /><ref name=DBMarcotte /><ref name=BostonGlobe />

	{{Quote box \| width=30% \| align=left\| quote="Next time she shows up at a conference we... give her a crippling injury that's never going to fully heal... a good solid injury to the knees. I'd say a brain damage, but we don't want to make it so she ends up too retarded to fear us." \|source=<small>A threat against Zoe Quinn, as reported by '']''.<ref name="new yorker" /></small> }}
	As a result of these allegations, Quinn and her family were subjected to a virulent harassment campaign<ref name=dot /><ref name=WaPo /><ref name=DBMarcotte /> including ], threats of rape, hacks of her ], ], and ] accounts,<ref name=csmonitor /> and death threats. She began staying with friends out of fear that she would be tracked to her home.<ref name="new yorker" /><ref name=WaPo /><ref name="telegraph"/> Quinn told the BBC, "Before had a name, it was nothing but trying to get me to kill myself, trying to get people to hurt me, going after my family. There is no mention of ethics in journalism at all outside of making the same accusation everybody makes towards any successful woman; that clearly she got to where she is because she had sex with someone."<ref name="BBCQuinnInterview"/> Quinn told ''The New Yorker'' that she feels sympathy for her attackers because they have "deep-seeded loathing in themselves."<ref name="new yorker" /> In an interview with ]'s '']'', she said she regards her Gamergate detractors as becoming increasingly irrelevant in the industry due to the democratization of game-making tools,<ref name=Ronan /> but nonetheless noted later in an interview with the BBC that, "I used to go to game events and feel like I was going home... Now it's just like... are any of the people I'm currently in the room with ones that said they wanted to beat me to death?"<ref name=BBCQuinnInterview />

	Others were targeted by similar harassment, doxing, and death threats under the Gamergate umbrella. Those who came to Quinn's defense were targeted and labeled by their opponents with the pejorative "]" or "SJW" for short.<ref name=NPR /> Among those singled out was fellow video game developer ].<ref name=VergeFish /> Fish was hacked and ] after he defended Quinn and referred to those attacking and harassing her as "ball-less manboobs" and "essentially rapists", which '']'' said "were fairly common statements from the combative" Fish. The attack exposed documents relating to his company, Polytron, as well as many of his personal details.<ref name=BI/><ref name=FishPaste/><ref name=DailyFish/> As a result, Fish sold Polytron and left the gaming industry.<ref name=csmonitor/><ref name="gs fish" />

	===Gamergate hashtag===
	] is credited as coining the Gamergate ].]]
	Within social media, the ] Gamergate ] was first used by actor ] in a tweet with links to two videos critical of Quinn, shortly after he retweeted a statement from a feminist blogger who had readjusted her stance to be critical of Quinn.<ref name=CathyYoung /> The tag was then used to discuss the allegations against Quinn and Grayson and other concerns with gaming journalism,<ref name=Ars /> alongside coordinated discussions on ]s and forums like ] and Reddit.<ref name=Vox /><ref name=Forbes /> Because these discussions often featured attacks, misogynistic harassment of Quinn and others, doxing, and the planning and coordination of such activities, some websites blocked users, removed posts, and created rules to prevent the discussion of such activities relating to the controversy.<ref name=csmonitor /><ref name=dot /><ref name=Forbes /> In particular, 8chan became a central hub of activity for some Gamergate supporters following 4chan's clamping down on any Gamergate-related activities.<ref name="wapost 8chan"/> One ] commentator had a video critical of Quinn removed following a ].<ref name=Forbes /> Such incidents led to a ] that brought more attention to Gjoni's accusations.<ref name=Forbes /> By September 24, 2014, over 1 million Twitter messages incorporating the Gamergate hashtag had been sent,<ref name="metro what is gg" /> while a '']'' and ] study found more than 2 million Twitter messages between September and October 2014 with many coming from newly created accounts.<ref name="Newsweek Brandwatch"/> As of October 2014, it was estimated that there were at least 10,000 internet users supporting Gamergate based on readership numbers on the dedicated Gamergate ] "KotakuInAction".<ref name="columbia journalism review" />

	===Subsequent harassment===

	] faced death threats after releasing a new '']'' video.]]
	The harassment expanded to include renewed threats against ], after a new episode in her series ("Women as Background, Pt. 2") was released shortly thereafter. Sarkeesian received death threats, including her home address,<ref name="BusinessWeekSarkessian" /> that compelled her to temporarily leave her home.<ref name=BBC /><ref name="TheStar" /><ref name="TorontoExclusive" /> At the ] in Portland, Oregon, she said, in regard to the accusations that high-profile women were making up the threats against them, that "One of the most radical things you can do is to actually believe women when they talk about their experiences," and that "The perpetrators do not see themselves as perpetrators at all... They see themselves as noble warriors."<ref name=VergeXOXO /> Sarkeesian canceled a speaking appearance at ] after the school received three anonymous threats, the second of which claimed affiliation with Gamergate.<ref name="SLT ALberty101614" /> The initial threat included allusions to the ], a 1989 mass shooting motivated by anti-feminism. Though Sarkeesian had spoken at events that had received similar threats, she cancelled after requesting additional security measures but wrote "because of Utah's open-carry laws, police wouldn't do firearm searches."<ref name="nytimes usu threat" /><ref name=AnitaUSUCNN /><ref name=AnitaUSUBBC /><ref name=AnitaUSUGuardian /> ''The New York Times'' referred to the threat as "the most noxious example of a weeks long campaign to discredit or intimidate outspoken critics of the male-dominated gaming industry and its culture."<ref name="nytimes usu threat" /> The ] is actively investigating the threat to attack Sarkeesian at USU,<ref name=HJFBI/> as well as documenting police investigations related to activities related to the #gamergate hashtag.<ref name="newsweek FBI"/> In an interview on ], Sarkeesian said she believes women are being targeted because they are "challenging the status quo of gaming as a male-dominated space."<ref name=Colbert />

	In mid-October, indie game developer ], who had mocked Gamergate, saw her home address and other identifying information posted on 8chan. Wu then became the target of rape and death threats on Twitter and elsewhere, which Wu and a number of sources have attributed to Gamergate supporters. After contacting police, Wu and her husband temporarily left their home, but said she would not allow the threats to intimidate her into silence.<ref name="nytimes usu threat" /><ref name=WuBoston /><ref name=WuGuardian /><ref name=WuVenture /> Wu later announced an $11k USD reward for any information leading to a conviction for those involved in her harassment, and set up a legal fund to help any other game developers that have been harassed online.<ref name="wu reward"/>

	After actress and gamer ] made a blog post noting her concerns over Gamergate and how she has avoided discussing it due to fear of the backlash, her address was posted in the comments section. Actor ] and former NFL player ] also posted criticisms of Gamergate, with Kluwe's being noted for its use of creative insults, but neither was doxed.<ref name="wapost felicia day" /><ref name=DayGuardian /><ref name=DayTime /><ref name=DayCNN /> This contrast between targeting a woman over two men was cited by ] as evidence of there being misogynistic intent behind the harassment.<ref name=ColbertVerge /><ref name=WaPoColbert />

	Various supporters, some of whom requested to remain anonymous, have also been harassed for supporting Gamergate, and one said after he reported threats to police he was instructed to leave his home.<ref name=Tsukayama /> '']''{{'}}s ] tweeted that he had received a syringe in the mail, but was not concerned,<ref name=CathyYoung /><ref name=TC2 /> and ] personality Steven "boogie2988" Williams also remarked that a comment on one of his videos included his address and a threat to his wife's life.<ref name=Diver /><ref name=Codd /> A fan petition to the organizers of the ] in Australia is requesting the event to cancel Adam Baldwin's appearances due to his involvement with the Gamergate controversy.<ref name="smh baldwin supernova"/> The BBC reported "that misogynist abuse - and vitriolic messages in general - is not limited to either 'side' of the argument," noting that Allum Bokhari, a writer for TechCrunch, said a trolling group was "working to provoke both sides against each other".<ref name="bbc gg condemned"/>

	There has been considerable debate on the concept of self-policing and on what responsibility, if any, supporters of Gamergate share when the hashtag is used for harassment. In an interview with NPR's '']'', voice actress ] called on the gaming community to improve the self-policing of its small and vicious fringe, and said there are still race and gender barriers within the industry.<ref name="Marketplace"/> One concern is that ] intending to stir up conflict are responsible for many of the threats attributed to Gamergate.<ref name=Tsukayama /><ref name=Diver /><ref name="bbc gg condemned"/> Writing for '']'', Todd VanDerWerff wrote that the Gamergate supporters' "actually interesting concerns" were being "warped and drowned out by an army of trolls spewing bile, often at women."<ref name=Vox />

	Harassment related to Gamergate continued several months after the onset of the controversy. Two critics of the Gamergate movement have been targets of attempted "]" - hoaxed reports to emergency services intended to provoke a ] team response at the target's home. ''The Guardian'' reported that both swatting attempts were coordinated through the "baphomet" subforum of 8chan.<ref name="ars swatting" /><ref name="guardian swatting" /><ref name="wapost 8chan" />

	==Political views==
	Observers have generally described Gamergate as a ] against efforts to diversify the traditionally-male video gaming community, particularly targeting outspoken women, citing things such as the movement's frequent harassment of female figures in the gaming industry and its overt hostility toward people involved in social criticism and analysis of video games.<ref name=BBC /><ref name="firstthings"/> The news website '']'' stated that the movement was less interested in criticizing ethical issues with major game publishers than with opposition to social criticism and analysis of video games and harassment of notable women in the community.<ref name=VoxLose/> In '']'', Nathaniel Givens concurs that the movement is fundamentally based around cultural warfare, though he characterizes it as a reaction to hostile and aggressive social justice movement.<ref name="firstthings"/>

	Gamergate has frequently been described as involving anti-feminist ideologies. Some supporters have denied this label, but acknowledge that there are misogynistic voices within it.<ref name=Tsukayama /><ref name=Diver /> <ref name="right wing" /><ref name=Vice /><ref name=NYMag/><ref name=vergestop /> Commentators have otherwise been divided over its political characterization. Jon Stone, in '']'', called it "a swelling of vicious right-wing sentiment" and compared it to the ].<ref name="right wing" /> ], writing for '']'', described Gamergate supporters as leaning left-libertarian, but said that it has been supported by right wing voices.<ref name=CathyYoung /> Commentators such as Jon Stone, ], Ryan Cooper, and Erik Kain have said that the controversy is being "exploited" by these right-wing voices and by conservative pundits who had little interest in video games or video game ethics beforehand.<ref name=Forbes/><ref name="right wing" /><ref name="MetalEater2" /><ref name="Ryan Cooper Week" />

	===Gamer identity===
	{{see also\|Gamer}}
	The idea of a gamer identity emerged in the early years of the video game industry and gained widespread recognition with the rise of the internet. The emergence of the industry also gave rise to numerous publications specializing in the coverage of video games and catering for the interests of a predominantly young male audience. Such publications were seen by industry leaders as a means of promotion for their products rather than sources for honest critical discussion and there was recurring criticism of the close relationship between gaming journalists and major gaming companies.<ref name=GuardianKS /><ref name=Kubas-Meyer /> The growing popularity of games among casual consumers, due to more accessible technologies such as the Nintendo ] and ]s, expanded the audience for the industry to include many who did not fit the mold of the traditional hardcore gamer. As games also came to be seen as an art form rather than a product, games which featured meaningful artistic and cultural themes grew in popularity. This increasing perception of games as art prompted gaming publications to move towards ] of the games. ], which allows developers to release titles without publisher interference, has made these games more common.<ref name=Vox /><ref name=LATimes /><ref name=Time /><ref name=VoxConfuse /><ref name=MetalEater1 />

	The growth of the gaming audience also brought in many female gamers, which resulted in a diversification of the male-oriented gamer identity; a 2014 annual survey by the ] showed that there was nearly an equal number of women playing video games (48%) compared to men, the largest proportion from prior years.<ref name="gamesindustry women" /> This new audience began to question some assumptions and ] that were historically used by game developers. Critics became increasingly interested in discussing issues of ] and identity in video games.<ref name=Vox /><ref name=Time /> One prominent feminist critic of the representation of women in gaming is ], whose '']'' project is devoted to criticism of female stereotypes in games. Her initial Kickstarter to raise funds for the series and her subsequent videos have all been met with hostile commentary and harassment from some gamers, who view her discourse as threatening. Further incidents, such as those concerning Jennifer Hepler, raised concerns about ].<ref name=Vox /><ref name=Time /><ref name=PolygonFBI /> Prior to August 2014, concerns about escalating harassment prompted the ] to provide support groups for harassed developers, and to begin discussions with the United States ] to help investigate online harassment of game developers.<ref name=PolygonFBI />

	In late August 2014, shortly following the initial accusations towards Quinn, nearly a dozen gaming sites within a day published ]s which argued for 'the end of the gamer identity',<ref name="slate" /><ref name="ErikKain" /> citing the growing diversity of gaming and the mainstreaming of the medium, while those associated with Gamergate were stated to be a reactionary force against these changes.<ref name="Plunkett" /><ref name="Johnston" /> Some of these articles and essays were heavily critical of sexism within gamer culture. One of these, a Leigh Alexander column in the game developer ] '']'' titled "'Gamers' don't have to be your audience. 'Gamers' are over." argued that, "Developers and writers alike want games about more things, and games by more people. We will get this, because we're creating culture now."<ref name="NYTimesIntelBoycott" /><ref name="Gamasutra" /> Responding to such articles, David Auerbach of '']'' accused the games press of attacking their own readers, arguing that video game journalists risk obsolescence as audiences turn to commentators and amateur journalists.<ref name="slate" /> Other concerns about the divide between gaming journalists and gamers were raised by '']''{{'}}s Keith Stuart and ''Forbes.com'' contributor Erik Kain.<ref name="GuardianKS" /><ref name="ErikKain" />

	===Misogyny and antifeminism===
	{{see also\|Sexism in video gaming}}

	A number of commentators have argued that the Gamergate hashtag had the potential to raise important issues in gaming journalism, but that the wave of misogynistic harassment and abuse associated with the hashtag had ], making it impossible to separate honest criticism from sexist trolling.<ref name=WaPo /><ref name=goldman /><ref name=Vox /> The hashtag has also been associated with criticism of feminism and so-called "Social Justice Warriors." According to Sarah Kaplan of ''The Washington Post'', "sexism in gaming is a long-documented, much-debated but seemingly intractable problem," and became the crux of the Gamergate controversy.<ref name=WaPo /> Writing in '']'', Ryan Cooper called the harassment campaign "an online form of terrorism" intended to reverse a trend in gaming culture toward increasing acceptance of women, and stated that social media platforms need to tighten their policies and protections against threats and abuse.<ref name=TheWeek /> Speaking on ], academic Cindy Tekobbe said the harassment campaign was intended to "drive women out of public spaces" and intimidate them into silence.<ref name=IPR /> Jaime Weinman writing in '']'' said, "hether it was supposed to be or not, GamerGate is largely about women."<ref name=Macleans />

	Issues like sexism and misogyny had been identified as problems in the video game industry and community prior to the events of Gamergate.<ref name="gdc misogyny 2012"/> Wu stated in a November 2014 interview with '']'' that the game industry "has been a boys’ club for 30 years", describing that the common portrayal of women as "sex symbols and ]" in video games has led to the players taking the same attitudes.<ref name="develop harassment"/> Brendan Sinclair writing for ] stated that though the events of the Gamergate controversy were "reprehensible and saddening", the situation "has made abundantly clear is that this industry has some profound issues in the way it treats women".<ref name="gibiz silver lining"/> Quinn said the campaign had "roped well-meaning people who cared about ethics and transparency into a pre-existing hate mob",<ref name="ViceQuinn" /> and urged industry publishers and developers to condemn the hashtag.<ref name="bbc gg condemned"/> She further asked those Gamergate supporters who had any earnest discussion about ethics to move away from the "Gamergate" tag.<ref name="bbc gg condemned"/> Alex Goldman from '']'' wrote that the movement's involvement in harassment had caused it to lose mainstream credibility, and urged its supporters, "Come up with some other means of self-identification" (other than gamers) as a way of distancing themselves from their worst representatives.<ref name=goldman /> The Washington Post described Gamergate supporters as saying that they and other Gamergate supporters are making efforts to reject harassment and quickly report threatening or hateful comments to help keep the conversation respectful.<ref name=Tsukayama />

	Many commentators have said that the harassment associated with the movement tapped into this existing well of deep-seated misogyny, and that it was merely brought to the fore by the anonymity of the Internet. Regarding the false allegations against Quinn, ] in an article for '']'' accused the video game world of being "thick with misogynists who are aching to swarm" and hate on any random woman held up for them to hate, no matter what the pretext", relating the attacks to harassment sent to a woman who negatively reviewed a '']'' cover and to a community manager of the '']'' game because she drew a feminine ], and virtual rapes committed against women's player avatars in '']'' and '']''.<ref name="DBMarcotte" /> In March 2014, game designer ] wrote a blog post commenting on the "latent racism, homophobia and misogyny" that existed within the online gaming community.<ref name="NYTSuellentrop"/> It is believed this itself is tied to the anonymous, male-dominated nature of the Internet; Astra Taylor of '']'' documented harassment against women from online communities in April 2014, in which the harassment was played off by the male posters as if it was just "harmless locker room talk".<ref name="mj april2014"/> Developer ] considered that the Internet's instant accessibility of social media allows for people to express of-the-moment opinions without thinking about their consequences, leading to a "whole Pandora’s Box" of both good and bad issues that society must consider in terms of freedom of speech.<ref name="develop harassment"/>

	Targets of Gamergate supporters have overwhelmingly been women, even in situations where both men and women have both been doing things that would otherwise draw their ire. Writing in '']'', Simon Parkin said the attacks on Quinn, while the male journalist who was also falsely accused largely escaped, revealed them as "a pretense to make further harassment of women in the industry permissible".<ref name="new yorker" /> In an opinion piece for ''The New York Times'', Chris Suellentrop noted that a colleague was the centre of a petition to have her fired for criticizing the portrayal of women in '']'', despite many male critics (including himself) raising similar concerns, but not facing similar reprisals.<ref name=NYTSuellentrop />

	In ''Der Bund'', Jan Rothenberger wrote that a majority of gamers were distancing themselves from the hate campaigns, and that some supporters were seeking a new banner due to Gamergate being indelibly associated with such campaigns.<ref name="Bund"/> In ''First Things'', Nathaniel Givens said regardless of their actions, supporters were "painted as vicious thugs" and now the term was "toxic".<ref name="firstthings"/>

	==Debate over ethics allegations==

	Many Gamergate supporters contend that their movement is about ethical concerns revolving around the close relationships between journalists and developers, reviewers acknowledging social issues, and private conversations occurring between journalists.<ref name="KernelMag"/><ref name="columbia journalism review"/><ref name="Guardian 2015-01-11"/> The accusations behind these concerns have been largely rejected by media critics and commentators as ill-founded and poorly supported, with the overwhelming majority of commentators saying that reporting on social issues in reviews is not an ethical issue.<ref name="columbia journalism review"/><ref name=VoxLose /><ref name=Ambinder/><ref name=GGBackfiresWeek/> Writing in '']'', Leigh Alexander, editor-at-large of '']'', described the campaign's ethics concerns as deeply sincere but based on ], saying that there is nothing unethical about journalists being acquainted with those they cover and that meaningful reporting requires journalists to develop professional relationships with sources.<ref name=Time /> Writing in ''Vox'', Todd VanDerWerff said "Every single question of journalistic ethics Gamergate has brought up has either been debunked or dealt with."<ref name=VoxLose /> Dr. Kathleen Bartzen Culver, a professor and media ethics expert at the ], wrote that while Gamergate supporters claimed to be interested in journalism ethics, their "misogynistic and threatening" behavior belied this claim: "Much of the conversation — if I can even call it that — has been a toxic sludge of rumor, invective and gender bias. The irony comes from people who claim to be challenging the ethics of game journalists through patently unethical behavior."<ref name=UWiscCulver/>

	Gamergate's demands have often been hard to quantify, but numerous journalists who have attempted to do so have come to the conclusion that, rather than relating to ethics, they are an attempt to suppress views which Gamergate supporters disagree with as part of a long-running culture war. '']''{{'}}s Chris Plante wrote that under the guise of ethics concerns, Gamergate supporters repeatedly criticized him for writing reviews that discussed social criticisms of mainstream video games.<ref name=VergeDead/> '']'' writer Chris Ip said "many criticisms of press coverage by people who identify with Gamergate (...) have been debunked" and concluded that "at core, the movement is a classic culture war."<ref name="columbia journalism review" /> Alyssa Rosenberg of ''The Washington Post''' said that some of the movement's ostensible ethics concerns about video game reviews are actually rooted in Gamergate supporters' belief that video games are appliances rather than art and should be reviewed based on feature checklists rather than traditional artistic criteria. <ref name=WaPoRosenberg /> Chris Suellentrop of ''The New York Times'' brought up the desire of Gamergate to shift focus away from innovative uses of the gaming medium. He criticized the movement's apparent belief that increased coverage and praise of artistic games like ''Gone Home'' would negatively affect big mainstream games such as '']''.<ref name=NYTSuellentrop/> ''Newsweek''/Brandwatch performed an analysis of about 25% of two million Twitter messages with the Gamergate tag from September 1, 2014 onward, and suggested from the results that "contrary to its stated goal, GamerGate spends more time tweeting negatively at game developers than at game journalists".<ref name="Newsweek Brandwatch"/>

	Similarly, the movement has been criticized for focusing primarily on women, especially female developers, and for ignoring many large-scale journalistic ethics issues. Alex Goldman of NPR's ] criticized Gamergate for targeting female indie developers rather than ], and said the movement's claims of unethical behavior by Quinn and Sarkeesian were unfounded.<ref name=goldman /> In ''Wired'', Laura Hudson found it telling that Gamergate supporters concentrated on impoverished independent creators and critics, and nearly exclusively women, rather than the large game companies whose work they enjoyed.<ref name=WiredHudson /> ''Vox'' writer Todd VanDerWerff highlighted an essay written by game developer David Hill, who said that corruption, ], and excessive ] existed in the gaming industry, but that Gamergate was not addressing those issues. <ref name=VoxConfuse /> Adi Robertson, of ''The Verge'', noted the long-standing ethical issues gaming journalism has dealt with, but that most Gamergate supporters didn't seem interested in "addressing problems that don't directly relate to feminist criticism or the tiny indie games scene."<ref name=VergeDay/>

	In mid-September 2014, ] of '']'' published leaked discussions from a mailing list for gaming journalists called GameJournoPros, which included discussion of Gamergate events. Yiannopoulos and Gamergate supporters saw the mailing list as evidence of collusion between journalists.<ref name=Tsukayama /><ref name=EscapistDDos /><ref name=GGJargon /> The list's founder acknowledged suggesting that journalists write an open letter of support repudiating harassment linked to Gamergate, but said other members of the list had rejected his suggestion and helped him understand why his idea was inappropriate.<ref name=EscapistDDos /><ref name=GJPresponse /><ref name=FudgeResponse/> Most commentators that evaluated the list did not consider it as a form of collusion, but rather a standard practice across most professions to have an informal venue to discuss matters relating to their profession.<ref name="columbia journalism review"/><ref name="Ryan Cooper Week" /><ref name=EscapistDDos /><ref name=westmanjournal/> Following the leak, the mailing list was closed.<ref name=FudgeResponse/>

	Some Gamergate supporters alleged that the ] (DiGRA), a non-profit group that coordinates academic research on video games, was working with journalists to advance a feminist agenda. '']'' described the argument as a conspiracy theory.<ref name="inside higher ed digra"/> The Executive Board of DiGRA has publicly condemned the targeting of DiGRA research coordinated by Gamergate as harassment and bullying.<ref name=digra_exec /> Prof. Mia Consalvo, president of DiGRA, said that the effort to discredit its members' research demonstrates hostility to feminism and a failure to understand academic research.<ref name="inside higher ed digra"/>

	==Gamergate organization==
	Following the accusations against Quinn, proponents of Gamergate began to use the "KotakuInAction" subreddit and boards on 8chan to discuss and organize activism using the hashtag. Because of its anonymous membership, lack of organization and leaderless nature, sources widely differ as to the goals or mission of Gamergate. With no single person or group able to speak for Gamergate, defining it has been difficult.<ref name=NYMag /> As the threats expanded to encompass Sarkeesian, Wu, and Day, international media focused on Gamergate's violent, misogynistic element and its inability to present any coherent message. Writing in '']'' in the wake of those incidents, Bob Stuart summed up the hashtag's troubles, saying "GamerGate has since swelled into an unwieldy movement with no apparent leaders, mission statement, or aims beyond calling out 'social justice warriors'. ... When members of the games industry are being driven from their houses and jobs, threatened, or abused, it makes GamerGate’s claim that it is engaged in an ethical campaign appear laughable."<ref name=TeleStuart />

	Jesse Singal, writing for '']'' based on a post he made to Reddit, stated that he had spoken to several Gamergate supporters to try to understand their concerns, but found conflicting ideals and incoherent messages. Singal observed that despite being told by supporters that Gamergate was not about misogyny, he saw movement supporters making a constant series of attacks on Quinn, Sarkeesian, and other women.<ref name="NYMag" /> The '']'s'' Chris Ip said any legitimate message from Gamergate supporters regarding ethics in journalism was being lost in the noise created by harassment, sexism, and misogyny. With anyone able to tweet under the hashtag and no single person willing or able to represent the hashtag and take responsibility for its actions, Ip said it is not possible for journalists to neatly separate abusers from those seeking reasonable debate.<ref name="columbia journalism review" /> Singal was critical of the movement's lack of organization and leadership commenting on their "refus to appoint a leader or write up a platform".<ref name="NYMag" />

	] research fellow ] argued that Gamergate's failure to connect with a broader audience and the "train wreck" of a debate it generated is a function of its origins in ] subculture, which he said values anonymity, promotes chaotic discourse and fosters a hostile, vituperative atmosphere within its own sphere. Noting that those rules are "radically different" from most other cultures, he said the result was that "when the Chan culture touches other cultures of discourse there will be fundamental misunderstandings about the very nature of what a discourse is supposed to be."<ref name=Sandberg/>

	Ryan Cooper of '']'' highlighted an analysis written by writer Jon Stone, citing: " readjusts and reinvents itself in response to attempts to disarm and disperse its noxiousness, subsuming disaffected voices in an act of continual regeneration, cycling through targets, pretexts, manifestoes and moralisms..."<ref name="Ryan Cooper Week" /> Christopher Grant, editor-in-chief of ''Polygon'', said that Gamergate has remained an amorphous and leaderless movement consisting solely of the hashtag so that the harassment can be conducted without any culpability.<ref name="OTMGrant" /> Grant said that meant that "ultimately Gamergate will be defined—I think has been defined—by some of its basest elements."<ref name="columbia journalism review" />

	Although coverage has generally described Gamergate supporters as predominantly male, commentators such as Allum Bokhari and Cathy Young have said that some are female.<ref name=CathyYoung /><ref name=TC2 />

	===Activities===
	====The Fine Young Capitalists====
	{{main\|The Fine Young Capitalists}}

	Early in the controversy, Gamergate supporters focused on supporting a self-described ] group called The Fine Young Capitalists, who had a dispute with Zoe Quinn over a ] they organised. They began receiving financial backing for their project from Gamergate supporters, particularly those from ]'s board /v/. <ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="APGN" /> The backers raised over {{USD\|17000}} for the campaign.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="Vice" /><ref name="TheIndependent" />

	====Operation Disrespectful Nod====

	Gamergate supporters were critical of articles that spoke of the "death of the gamer identity" such as Leigh Alexander's piece in Gamasutra. In response, supporters organized "Operation Disrespectful Nod," an e-mail campaign to advertisers demanding that they drop several involved publications. After receiving complaints from Gamergate supporters, Intel withdrew an ad campaign from Gamasutra in October, though it later apologized for appearing to take sides in the controversy <ref name="GIBizIntel" /><ref name="VergeIntelStatement" /> and resumed advertising on Gamasutra in mid-November.<ref name="Intel_Telegraph" />

	====Operation Baby Seal====
	In mid-October 2014, Sam Biddle, an editor for the ] affiliate '']'', made a series of derisive tweets that stated "Ultimately #GamerGate is reaffirming what we’ve known to be true for decades: nerds should be constantly shamed and degraded into submission" and to "Bring Back Bullying."<ref name="cjr gawker"/> This led to ] temporarily pulling advertising from Gawker and ] requesting that Gawker remove their logo from the advertiser section of the Gawker website and condemned any type of bullying.<ref name=waposuccess /><ref name=TelegraphDyson /><ref name=biadobe /> Adobe later clarified that it had never been a Gawker advertiser and explicitly disowned Gamergate. <ref name=biadobe /><ref name=AdobeClarify/><ref name=vergeadobe /><ref name=arsadobe /> Gawker reported losing thousands of dollars as a result<ref name=biadobe /><ref name=MaxRead /> Biddle later stated that the tweets were jokes, but ultimately apologized for their content.<ref name="adobe recode"/><ref name=waposuccess /> Commenting on the actions of Intel and Adobe and the public response, trade publication '']'' warned advertisers that responding to Gamergate was a "]", and that brands "not responding are in better shape than those who have".<ref name=Adage/> The ] commented that, while the tweets were likely jokes, "it’s no secret that Gawker is the bully of the internet."<ref name="cjr gawker"/>

	] affiliate ''Kotaku'' was at the center of the initial allegations that started Gamergate. Gamergate supporters initiated "Operation Baby Seal" in late October, renewing focus upon Gawker. The name is based on a '']'' webcomic created shortly after the onset of the controversy.<ref name="boingboing chanculture" /> This campaign aimed at removing ]'s ] and ]'s Associates advertising platforms from Gawker by mass-reporting apparent violations of the ad agencies' ] in Gawker's published content. ''Vox''{{'}}s VanDerWerff identified that while efforts to convince advertisers to pull ads is not new in the history of journalism, this new tactic of targeting the ad providers is on a grander scale and has the potential, if successful, to financially harm Gawker. He said that the with the campaign Gamergate seemed less interested in exposing ethical lapses, and more concerned with shuttering sites it doesn't agree with.<ref name="op baby seal vox"/>

	Other actions by Gamergate supporters have been the practice of using ]s that remove advertisements to attempt to divert advertising revenue from specific websites while still using those sites for information. This practice attracted criticism from Jason Koebler, writing for ''Motherboard'', who argued that it was a violation of copyright laws. <ref name=copyvio/>

	====#NotYourShield====
	Many Gamergate supporters have taken issue with the widespread description of their movement as misogynistic, saying that the press’s focus on misogyny served mainly to "deflect criticism of the increasingly leftist orientation of indie games".<ref name=WaPo /> To respond to this criticism, a second Twitter hashtag, #NotYourShield, began to be used, with the intention of showing that women and other minorities in the gaming community were also critical of Quinn and Sarkeesian.<ref name=WaPo /><ref name="telegraph" /><ref name=LeMonde />

	Quinn released a series of logs from chat rooms and discussion boards on 4chan, which she said showed that Gamergate was manufactured by 4chan users and largely pushed by ].<ref name=Ars /><ref name=DailyDot /> Following Quinn's release of chat and discussion logs she got from 4chan, ''Ars Technica'' and ''The Daily Dot'' said that these logs showed that the #NotYourShield hashtag was manufactured on 4chan and that many of those posting under #NotYourShield were sockpuppet accounts impersonating women and minorities.<ref name=Ars /><ref name=DailyDot /> Quinn said that in light of Gamergate's exclusive targeting of women or those who stood up for women, "#notyourshield was solely designed to, ironically, be a shield for this campaign once people started calling it misogynistic."<ref name=Escapist4chan /> Members of 4chan have said that some information has been taken out of context or misrepresented.<ref name=LeMonde /><ref name=Escapist4chan /> Arthur Chu says the hashtag was an attempt to weaponize white male guilt and keep allies from supporting the people being attacked by Gamergate.<ref name="Chu2014" />

	==Industry response==
	The harassment against Quinn, Sarkeesian, Wu and others have led many industry professionals to speak out against Gamergate, condemning the attacks it has spawned as damaging for the video gaming community. Independent game developer Andreas Zecher wrote an open letter calling upon the community to take a public stand against the attacks, which attracted the signatures of more than two thousand professionals within the gaming industry.<ref name=BBC /><ref name=LATimes /> The large and varied response to the letter was considered by many in the industry to be a sign that the people involved in the harassment attacks were not representative and comprised a vocal minority of the overall industry population.<ref name=NPR /> Writing for ''The Guardian'', Jenn Frank described the tactics used in the harassment campaign, and the climate of fear it generated through its attacks on women and their allies. Frank concluded that this alienating abusive environment would harm not only women, but the industry as a whole. Frank subsequently received harassment on a false pretext related to disclosure in this article, and left games journalism.<ref name="slate" /><ref name=Vox /><ref name=GuardianJF /> Games designer Damion Schubert said Gamergate was "an unprecedented catastrof**k" and that silencing critiques of games harms games developers by depriving them of feedback.<ref name="EscapistSubertInterview"/>

	The ] (ESA) issued a statement condemning the series of harassment, stating "There is no place in the video game community—or our society—for personal attacks and threats."<ref name="wapost esa" /> At ] 2014, ] president and co-founder ] denounced recent harassment, blaming "a small group of people have been doing really awful things" and "tarnishing our reputation" as gamers. He called on attendees to treat each other with kindness and demonstrate to the world that the community rejects harassment. His statements have been widely interpreted as referring to Gamergate.<ref name=CNet /><ref name=joystiqblizzcon /><ref name=MCVUK /><ref name=PCGamerMM /> When asked about the controversy ] CEO ] called harassment and bullying "completely unacceptable", but that there isn't "one statement or one position on it, or one answer to whatever this very broadly-defined #GamerGate really means".<ref name="sony response" /><ref name="venture sony" /> Developer ] stated that the industry needs to "adopt a level of professionalism and diversity commensurate with other industries", and recognizing some of the issues surrounding Gamergate existed within the industry; Molyneux pointed to the large amount of support Valve's ] received after being sent a death threat from a developer who was condemned widely and quickly by the community, but found the lack of similar prompt action in the case of the harassment of female figures in Gamergate disturbing.<Ref name="develop harassment"/> The Swedish Games Industry issued a statement denouncing the harassment and sexism from Gamergate supporters.<ref name="GuardianQvist" />

	] itself was criticised for its inability to respond quickly and prevent harassment over the service. Brianna Wu, shortly after becoming a target of harassment, stated that Twitter facilitated harassment by the ease with which anyone could make a new account even after having an earlier account blocked for harassment, and she challenged the service to improve the speed of responsiveness to complaints.<ref name="businessweek wu twitter"/> Robinson Meyer of '']'' said Gamergate is an "identity crisis" for Twitter, as by not dealing with harassing users as ] has, the platform is failing to protect victims and losing readers.<ref name="atlantic twitter"/> In November 2014, Twitter announced a collaboration with the non-profit group Women, Action & the Media (WAM), in which those who believed they have been harassed over Twitter can report harassment to a tool monitored by WAM members, who would forward affirmed issues to Twitter within 24 hours. The move, while in the wake of the Gamergate harassment, was due to general issues of the harassment of women on the Internet, and the data will be studied for further discussion.<ref name="wsj twitter wam"/><ref name="wam release">{{cite web \|url=http://www.womenactionmedia.org/cms/assets/uploads/2014/11/Twitterprojectpressrelease-1.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=To combat the harassment of women online, Women, Action & the Media (WAM!) announces a new partnership with Twitter \|author=<!-- No author listed --> \|work=womenactionmedia.org \|date=November 6, 2014 \|accessdate=January 25, 2015 }}</ref> In January 2015, Quinn and Alex Lifschitz created the Crash Override Network, a private group of experts to help support and counsel those that have been harassed online, including as a result of Gamergate, and to work with law authorities and social media sites in response to such threats.<ref name="CSM 2015-01-20"/><ref name="Verge 2015-01-17" />

	Some news sites have adopted new policies in response to the controversy. '']'' now requires its writers to disclose contributions via ], while '']'' prohibits its staff from supporting any game developers through the website, except where it is required in order to access materials for review.<ref name=Forbes /><ref name=KotakuAboutGamerGate /> '']'' adopted stricter ethical standards policies for all of their subsidiaries, including '']'' and '']''. '']'' updated its ethics policies after ] developer ] pointed out his connections with ''Destructoid'' staff.<ref name=CinemaBlendEscapist />

	Many news outlets have identified Gamergate as a major slight on the industry during 2014.<ref name="flop" /> Several commented that while not part of the Gamergate intended goals, the reactions and responses to Gamergate have caused the industry to review the situation with how women and minorities are handled and treated within the video game industry, and to make changes to better support these groups.<ref name="wapo 3 women" /><ref name="Slate GG2014" /><ref name="nightline"/> Intel, following its accidental involvement in Gamergate, has pledged more than $300 million to help support a "Diversity in Technology" program with numerous industry partners including the IGDA, aimed at removing discrimination against women and minorities in the industry by 2020; Intel CEO Brian Krzanich stated in announcing the program that "it's not good enough to say we value diversity, and then have our industry not fully represent."<ref name="Polygon Intel"/><ref name="NYTimes Intel" />

	{{Portal bar\|Internet\|Video games\|Journalism\|Feminism}}

	==References==
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	<ref name=TheIndependent>{{cite web \| title= Zoe Quinn and the orchestrated campaign of harassment from some 'gamers' \| last=Mendelsohn\|first=Tom\| publisher=] \| date= September 5, 2014 \| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/zoe-quinn-and-the-orchestrated-campaign-of-harassment-from-some-gamers-9715427.html\|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=TC2>{{cite web \| url=http://techcrunch.com/2014/09/25/gamergate-an-issue-with-2-sides/ \| title=#GamerGate – An Issue With Two Sides \| last=Bokhari\|first=Allum\| publisher=] \| accessdate= September 27, 2014\|date=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=MetalEater2>{{cite web\|url=http://metaleater.com/video-games/feature/the-darker-side-of-gamergate\|title=The Darker Side of GamerGate\|last=Kerzner\|first=Liana\|work=MetalEater.com\|date=September 29, 2014\|accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=TheWeek>{{cite web\|last=Cooper\|first=Ryan\|url=http://theweek.com/article/index/267333/how-to-stop-misogynists-from-terrorizing-the-world-of-gamers\|title=How to stop misogynists from terrorizing the world of gamers\|work=]\|date=September 2, 2014\|accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=IPR>{{cite web\|last1=Kieffer\|first1=Ben\|last2=Woodbury\|first2=Emily\|url=http://iowapublicradio.org/post/engaging-gamergate-there-fear-going-it-woman\|title=Engaging in #GamerGate: "There is that fear going into it, as a woman"\|publisher=]\|date=September 30, 2014\|accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=VergeFish>{{Cite web \| url = http://www.theverge.com/2013/7/27/4563738/fez-ii-abruptly-canceled-after-developer-phil-fish-explodes-in-rage \| title = 'Fez II' abruptly canceled after developer Phil Fish explodes in rage on Twitter \| first = Sean \| last = Hollister \| publisher = ] \| date = August 27, 2014 \| accessdate = September 19, 2014 }}</ref>
	<ref name=FishPaste>{{cite news\|last1=Vorel\|first1=Jim\|title=Fez Creator Phil Fish and Polytron Corporation Hacked, Doxxed\|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/08/fez-creator-phil-fish-and-polytron-corporation-hac-1.html\|accessdate=October 2, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=DailyFish>{{cite news\|last1=Romano\|first1=Aja\|title=4chan hacks and doxes Zoe Quinn's biggest supporter\|url=http://www.dailydot.com/geek/4chan-hacks-phil-fish-over-his-defense-of-zoe-quinn/\|accessdate=October 2, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=NPR>{{Cite web \| url = http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/09/24/349835297/-gamergate-controversy-fuels-debate-on-women-and-video-games \| title = #Gamergate Controversy Fuels Debate On Women And Video Games \| first = Nate \| last = Rott \| date = September 24, 2014 \| accessdate = September 25, 2014 \| publisher = ] \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=DBMarcotte>{{cite web\|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/22/gaming-misogyny-gets-infinite-lives-zoe-quinn-virtual-rape-and-sexism.html\|title=Gaming Misogyny Gets Infinite Lives: Zoe Quinn, Virtual Rape, and Sexism\|work=]\|last=Marcotte\|first=Amanda\|date=August 22, 2014\|accessdate=October 2, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="NYTimesIntelBoycott">{{cite web \| url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/02/intel-pulls-ads-from-site-after-gamergate-boycott/ \| title = Intel Pulls Ads from Site After ‘Gamergate’ Boycott \| first = Nick \|last = Wingfield \| date = October 2, 2014 \| accessdate= October 2, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="GIBizIntel">{{cite web \| url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-10-03-game-devs-urge-you-to-write-intel-in-response-to-gamergate \| title = Game devs urge you to write Intel in response to #GamerGate \| first = James \| last= Brightman \| date = October 3, 2014 \| accessdate =October 3, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="VergeIntelStatement">{{cite web \| url = http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/3/6906025/intel-issues-apology-after-backlash-from-gamergate-opponents \| title = Intel issues apology after backlash from #GamerGate opponents \| publisher = ] \| date =October 3, 2014 \| accessdate = October 3, 2014 \| first = Kwame \| last = Opam }}</ref>
	<ref name=vergestop>{{cite web\|last=Sottek\|first=T.C.\|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/8/6919179/stop-supporting-gamergate\|title=Stop supporting Gamergate\|date=October 8, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 9, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="Ryan Cooper Week">{{cite web \| url = http://theweek.com/article/index/269377/intels-awful-capitulation-to-gamergates-sexist-thugs \| title = Intel's awful capitulation to #gamergate's sexist thugs \| first = Ryan \| last = Cooper \| date = October 7, 2014 \| accessdate = October 9, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="nytimes usu threat">{{cite news \| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/16/technology/gamergate-women-video-game-threats-anita-sarkeesian.html \| title = Feminist Critics of Video Games Facing Threats in ‘GamerGate’ Campaign \| first = Nick \| last = Wingfield \| date = October 15, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| work =] }}</ref>
	<ref name="metro what is gg">{{cite news \| url = http://metro.co.uk/2014/10/15/gamergate-what-is-it-and-why-are-gamers-so-angry-4907102/ \| title = GamerGate – what is it, and why are gamers so angry? \| first = Rob \| last = Waugh \| date = October 15, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="columbia journalism review">{{Cite web \| url = http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/gamergate.php \| title = How do we know what we know about #Gamergate? \| work = ] \| date = October 23, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| first = Chris \| last = Ip }}</ref>
	<ref name="AnitaUSUCNN">{{cite web\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/15/tech/utah-anita-sarkeesian-threat/index.html\|title=Anita Sarkeesian cancels Utah State speech after threat — CNN.com\|last1=Ahmed\|first1=Saeed\|first2=Tony\|last2=Marco\|date=October 15, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=AnitaUSUBBC>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29626809\|title=BBC News — Feminist video-games talk cancelled after massacre threat\|work=]\|last=Kelion\|first=Leo\|date=October 15, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=AnitaUSUGuardian>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/15/anita-sarkeesian-feminist-games-critic-cancels-talk\|title=Feminist games critic cancels talk after terror threat\|first=Alex\|last=Hern\|work=]\|date=October 15, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=HJFBI>{{cite news \|last=Opsahl \|first=Kevin \|url=http://news.hjnews.com/allaccess/usu-awaits-fbi-report-on-sarkeesian-death-threat/article_87f4d88c-8332-11e4-80f4-5f738c57bca5.html \|title=USU awaits FBI report on Sarkeesian death threat \|work=] \|location=Logan, Utah \|date=December 13, 2014 \|accessdate=January 5, 2014 }}</ref>
	<ref name="wapost felicia day">{{cite news \| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/24/gamergate-targets-felicia-day-after-she-expresses-fear-of-being-targeted/ \| title = Gamergate targets Felicia Day after she expresses fear of being targeted \| work = ] \| date = October 24, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| first = Soraya Nadia \| last = McDonald }}</ref>
	<ref name="pcmag about gg">{{cite web \| url = http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2470723,00.asp \| title = Everything You Never Wanted to Know About GamerGate \| first = Chandra \| last = Steele \| date = October 21, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=WuBoston>{{cite news\|last=Caesar \|first=Chris \|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2014/10/11/video-game-developer-twitter-rape-death-threats-forced-from-home/FjC4cjeqwEDxWFeeVpyWSP/story.html\|title=Video Game Developer: Twitter Rape, Death Threats Forced Me From Home\|work=]\|publisher=]\|date=October 11, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=WuVenture>{{cite web\|last=Grubb\|first=Jeff\|url=http://venturebeat.com/2014/10/10/game-developer-brianna-wu-leaves-home-after-receiving-death-threats-for-speaking-out-in-support-of-women/\|title=Game developer Brianna Wu leaves home after receiving death threats for speaking out in support of women\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014\|date=October 10, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=WuGuardian>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/17/brianna-wu-gamergate-human-cost\|title=Brianna Wu and the human cost of Gamergate: 'every woman I know in the industry is scared'\|first=Keith\|last=Stuart\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014\|date=October 11, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=DayGuardian>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/felicia-days-public-details-online-gamergate\|title=Felicia Day's public details put online after she described Gamergate fears\|first=Alex\|last=Hern\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014\|date=October 23, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=DayTime>{{cite web\|url=http://time.com/3535619/felicia-day-writes-about-gamergate-gets-information-hacked/\|title=Felicia Day Writes About #GamerGate, Gets Information Hacked\|first=Eliana\|last=Dockterman\|work=]\|date=October 23, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=DayCNN>{{cite web\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/23/living/felicia-day-gamergate/\|title=Actress harassed online over #Gamergate\|last=Griggs\|first=Brandon\|date=October 24, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="cjr gawker">{{cite web \|url=http://www.cjr.org/the_kicker/gawker_bullying.php \|title=Gawker: The internet bully \|last=Grieco \|first=Sarah \|work=] \|date=October 24, 2014 \|accessdate=January 12, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name=waposuccess>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/10/20/inside-gamergates-successful-attack-on-the-media/\|title=Inside Gamergate’s (successful) attack on the media\|work=]\|last=Dewey\|first=Caitlin\|date=October 20, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Adage>{{cite web\| url=http://adage.com/article/digital/gamergate-puts-advertisers-a-bad-spot/295555/\| title=How Brands Should React to Gamergate: Don't\| first=Alex\| last=Kantrowitz\| work=]\| date=October 24, 2014\| accessdate=November 10, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="boingboing chanculture">{{Cite web \| url = http://boingboing.net/2014/12/31/how-imageboard-culture-shaped.html \| title = How imageboard culture shaped Gamergate \| first = Jay \| last = Allen \| date = December 31, 2014 \| accessdate = January 13, 2015 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=TelegraphDyson>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11289690/Dyson-rejects-Gamergate-returns-advertising-to-Gawker.html\|title=Dyson rejects Gamergate, returns advertising to Gawker\|last=Douglas\|first=Ian\|work=]\|date=December 12, 2014\|accessdate=December 12, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=vergeadobe>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/21/7030613/adobe-asks-gawker-to-remove-logo-after-gamergate-complaints\|title=Adobe's symbolic pro-Gamergate gesture frustrates victims\|last=Robertson\|first=Adi\|date=October 21, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=arsadobe>{{cite web\|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/10/after-gamergate-tweet-adobe-distances-itself-from-gawker-bullying/\|title=After #GamerGate tweet, Adobe distances itself from Gawker "bullying" [Updated]\|work=]\|last=Machkovech\|first=Sam\|date=October 21, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=biadobe>{{cite web\|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/adobe-pulls-gawker-sponsorship-2014-10\|title=Adobe Pulls Gawker Sponsorship After A Writer Tweeted A Joke About Bullying In The Gaming Industry\|date=October 22, 2014\|work=]\|last=Levy\|first=Karyne\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=BostonGlobe>{{cite web\|last=Singal\|first=Jesse\|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2014/09/20/gaming-summer-rage/VNMeHYTc5ZKoBixYHzi1JL/story.html\|title=Gaming's summer of rage\|work=]\|date=September 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="NYMag">{{cite web\|url=http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2014/10/gamergate-should-stop-lying-to-itself.html\|title=Gamergate Should Stop Lying to Itself\|last=Singal\|first=Jesse\|date=October 20, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=TeleStuart>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturenews/11180510/gamergate-misogynist-felicia-day-zoe-quinn-brianna-wu.html\|title=#GamerGate: the misogynist movement blighting the video games industry — Telegraph\|last=Stuart\|first=Bob\|date=October 24, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Ambinder>{{cite web\|url=http://theweek.com/article/index/270543/gamergate-might-be-gaming-sexisms-waterloo\|title=Gamergate might be gaming sexism's Waterloo\|last=Ambinder\|first=Marc\|work=]\|date=October 24, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="wapost esa">{{cite news\| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/10/15/the-game-industrys-top-trade-group-just-spoke-out-against-gamergate/ \| title = The game industry’s top trade group just spoke out against Gamergate \| first = Hayley \| last = Tsukayama \| date = October 15, 2014 \| accessdate = October 24, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=NYTSuellentrop>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/opinion/sunday/the-disheartening-gamergate-campaign.html\|title=Can Video Games Survive? The Disheartening GamerGate Campaign\|last=Suellentrop\|first=Chris\|date=October 26, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="right wing">{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/13/gamergate-right-wing-no-neutral-stance\|title=Gamergate's vicious right-wing swell means there can be no neutral stance\|last=Stone\|first=Jon\|date=October 13, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 26, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Ronan>{{cite interview\|url=http://www.msnbc.com/ronan-farrow-daily/watch/exclusive--woman-who-sparked-gamergate-345327171549\|title=Exclusive: Woman who sparked Gamergate\|last=Quinn\|first=Zoe\|interviewer=Ronan Farrow\|program=]\|publisher=]\|date=October 20, 2014\|accessdate=October 26, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="OTMGrant">{{cite news\|url=http://www.onthemedia.org/story/codemning-gamergate/\|title=Condemning #GamerGate\|last=Garfield\|first=Bob\|authorlink=Bob Garfield\|date=October 20, 2014\|work=]\|date=October 24, 2014\|accessdate=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="Sandberg">{{cite web \|url=http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2014/12/limiting-the-damage-from-cultures-in-collision/ \|title=Limiting the damage from cultures in collision \|last=Sandberg \|first=Anders \|authorlink=Anders Sandberg \|work=Practical Ethics \|publisher=] \|date=December 4, 2014 }}</ref>
	<ref name="adobe recode">{{cite web\|url=http://recode.net/2014/10/22/adobe-distances-self-from-gawker-after-writers-gamergate-tweet/\|title=Adobe Distances Itself From Gawker After Writer’s Gamergate Tweet\|work=Re/code\|date=October 22, 2014\|last=Johnson\|first=Eric\|accessdate=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=GJPresponse>{{cite news\|last1=Orland\|first1=Kyle\|title=Addressing allegations of "collusion" among gaming journalists\|url=http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/09/addressing-allegations-of-collusion-among-gaming-journalists/\|work=]\|date=September 18, 2014\|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=EscapistDDos>{{cite news\|last1=Kain\|first1=Erik\|title=The Escapist #GamerGate Forums Brought Down In DDoS Attack\|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/09/20/the-escapist-forums-brought-down-in-ddos-attack/\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=September 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=CathyYoung>{{cite news\|first=Cathy\|last=Young\|authorlink=Cathy Young\|title=GamerGate: Part I: Sex, Lies, and Gender Games\|url=http://reason.com/archives/2014/10/12/gamergate-part-i-sex-lies-and-gender-gam\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|work=]\|date=October 12, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Tsukayama>{{cite news\|last1=Tsukayama\|first1=Hayley\|title=How some Gamergate supporters say the controversy could stop "in one week"\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/10/24/how-some-gamergate-supporters-say-the-controversy-could-stop-in-one-week/\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|work=]\|date=October 24, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="firstthings">{{cite journal\|last1=Givens\|first1=Nathaniel\|title=Gamergate at the Beginning of 2015\|journal=]\|date=January 2, 2015\|url=http://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2015/01/gamergate-at-the-beginning-of-2015\|accessdate=January 5, 2015}}</ref>
	<ref name=Codd>{{cite news\|last1=Codd\|first1=Matthew\|title=Gamergate supporter receives death threats\|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/games/62442166/gamergate-supporter-receives-death-threats.html\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=October 15, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Diver>{{cite news\|last1=Diver\|first1=Mike\|title=GamerGate Hate Affects Both Sides, So How About We End It?\|url=http://www.vice.com/read/gamergate-hate-affects-both-sides-so-how-about-we-end-it\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=October 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<!--<ref name="Slate End GG">{{cite web \| url = http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/10/how_to_end_gamergate_a_divide_and_conquer_plan.html \| title = How to End Gamergate \| first = David \| last = Auerbach \| date = October 28, 2014 \| accessdate = October 28, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>-->
	<ref name="Newsweek Brandwatch">{{cite web \| url = http://www.newsweek.com/gamergate-about-media-ethics-or-harassing-women-harassment-data-show-279736 \| title =Is GamerGate About Media Ethics or Harassing Women? Harassment, the Data Shows \| first = Taylor \| last= Wofford \| date = October 25, 2014 \| accessdate = October 28, 2014 \| work =] }}</ref>
	<ref name=AdobeClarify>{{cite web\|url=http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2014/10/when-anti-bullying-efforts-backfire.html\|title=When anti-bullying efforts backfire\|publisher=]\|date=October 28, 2014\|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=GGJargon>{{cite news\|last1=Johnson\|first1=Eric\|title=Understanding the Jargon of Gamergate\|url=http://recode.net/2014/10/10/understanding-the-jargon-of-gamergate/\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=Re/code\|date=October 10, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=FudgeResponse>{{cite news\|last1=Fudge\|first1=James\|title=Editorial: The Truth About GamerGate and GameJournoPros\|url=http://www.gamepolitics.com/2014/10/15/editorial-truth-about-gamergate-and-gamejournpros#.VE7UMRaJnct\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=Game Politics\|date=October 15, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=copyvio>{{cite web\|url=http://motherboard.vice.com/read/dear-gamergate-please-stop-stealing-our-shit\|title=Dear GamerGate: Please Stop Stealing Our Shit \|last=Koebler\|first=Jason\|date=October 29, 2014\|work=Motherboard\|publisher=]\|accessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="bbc gg condemned">{{cite web \| url = http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29821050 \| title = Zoe Quinn: GamerGate must be condemned \| first = Dave \| last = Lee \| date = October 30, 2014 \| accessdate = October 30, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="op baby seal vox">{{Cite web \|url = http://www.vox.com/2014/10/30/7130683/gamergate-gawker-destroy \| title = #GamerGate's scary plan to wipe Gawker Media from the face of the Earth \| publisher = ] \| date = October 30, 2014 \| accessdate = October 30, 2014 \| first = Todd \| last = VanDerWerff }}</ref>
	<ref name=BBCQuinnInterview>{{cite interview\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29821050\|title=BBC News — Zoe Quinn: GamerGate must be condemned\|work=]\|accessdate=October 31, 2014\|date=October 29, 2014\|last=Quinn\|first=Zoe\|interviewer=Dave Lee}}</ref>
	<ref name=VergeDay>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/23/7047647/felicia-day-response-shows-why-good-gamergate-is-still-hurting-people\|title=Gamergate can't stop being about harassment\|last=Robertson\|first=Adi\|date=October 23, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=BBC>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29642313\|title=BBC News — Twitter and the poisoning of online debate\|work=]\|date=October 16, 2014\|last=Cellan-Jones\|first=Rory\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=VoxLose>{{cite web\|url=http://www.vox.com/2014/10/23/7044593/gamergate\|title=#GamerGate has won a few battles. It will lose the war. - Vox\|date=October 23, 2014\|work=Vox\|last=VanDerWerff\|first=Todd\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=WiredHudson>{{cite web\|url=http://www.wired.com/2014/10/the-secret-about-gamergate-is-that-it-cant-stop-progress/\|title=Gamergate Goons Can Scream All They Want, But They Can't Stop Progress — WIRED\|work=WIRED\|date=October 21, 2014\|last=Hudson\|first=Laura\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=WaPoRosenberg>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/10/29/gamergate-reopens-the-debate-over-video-games-as-art/\|title=Gamergate reopens the debate over video games as art\|work=]\|date=October 29, 2014\|last=Rosenberg\|first=Alyssa\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=Colbert>{{cite web\|url=http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/video-playlists/j0zpbx/the-colbert-report-11015-highlights/wr7hqq\|title=The Colbert Report 11015 Highlights — Video Clips — The Colbert Report — Comedy Central\|publisher=]\|work=]\|date=October 29, 2014\|accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=CinemaBlendEscapist>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Escapist-Destructoid-Update-Their-Policies-Ethics-Light-GamerGate-67219.html\|title=The Escapist, Destructoid Update Their Policies, Ethic In Light of #GamerGate\|first=William\|last=Usher\|publisher=CinemaBlend\|date=September 15, 2014\|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="businessweek wu twitter">{{cite web \| url = http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-10-14/a-no-gamergate-target-wants-twitter-to-make-harrassment-harder \| title = A #GamerGate Target Wants Twitter to Make Harassment Harder \| first = Joshua \| last = Brustein \| date = October 14, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| work = ]}}</ref>
	<ref name="atlantic twitter">{{cite web \| url = http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/the-existential-crisis-of-public-life-online/382017/ \| title = The Existential Crisis of Public Life Online \| first = Robinson \| last = Meyer \| date = October 30, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="mj april2014">{{Cite web \| url = http://www.motherjones.com/media/2014/04/open-internet-closed-to-women \| title = How the Cult of Internet Openness Enables Misogyny \| first = Astra \| last = Taylor \| date = April 10, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="Guardian 2015-01-11">{{cite news \|last=Lewis \|first=Helen \|authorlink=Helen Lewis (journalist) \|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/11/gamergate-a-brief-history-of-a-computer-age-war \|title=Gamergate: a brief history of a computer-age war \|work=] \|date=January 11, 2015 \|accessdate=January 19, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="gdc misogyny 2012">{{cite web \| url = http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-03-21-misogyny-racism-and-homophobia-where-do-video-games-stand \| title = Misogyny, racism and homophobia: where do video games stand? \| first = Robert \| last = Purchase \| date = March 21, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="wu reward">{{Cite web \| url= http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-03-wu-offers-usd11k-for-harassment-conviction \| title = Wu offers $11K for harassment conviction \| first = Rachel \| last= Weber \| date = November 3, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="SLT ALberty101614">{{cite news\|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/58529300-78/sarkeesian-threats-usu-austin.html.csp\|title=Feminist media critic calls for boycott of Utah campuses \| publisher=The Salt Lake Tribune \| last=Alberty\|first=Erin\|date=October 16, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="wsj twitter wam">{{Cite web \| url = http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/11/07/new-online-tool-lets-twitter-users-report-harassment/ \| title = New Online Tool Lets Twitter Users Report Harassment \| first = Brian \| last = Fitzgerald \| date = November 7, 2014 \| accessdate = November 7, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="CSM 2015-01-20">{{cite news \|last=Mendoza \|first=Jessica \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Tech-Culture/2015/0120/Online-harassment-targets-strike-back-against-abusers.-Will-it-work \|title=Online harassment targets strike back against abusers. Will it work? \|work=] \|date=January 20, 2015 \|accessdate=January 21, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="Verge 2015-01-17">{{Cite web \| url = http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/17/7628567/crash-override \| title = Crash Override wants to help survivors of Gamergate and other online abuse \| publisher = ] \| date = January 17, 2015 \| accessdate = January 17, 2015 \| first = T.C. \| last = Sottek }}</ref>
	<ref name=VergeDead>{{cite web \| url = http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/30/7131931/gamergate-is-dead Gamergate is dead \| title = Gamergate is Dead \| first = Chris \| last = Plante \| publisher = ] \| date = October 30, 2014 \| accessdate = November 7, 2014 }}</ref>
	<ref name=CNet>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/blizzard-on-online-harassment-its-tarnishing-our-reputation-as-gamers/\|title=Blizzard on online harassment: It's tarnishing our reputation as gamers\|last=Sherr\|first=Ian\|publisher=]\|date=November 7, 2014\|accessdate=November 7, 2014}}</ref><ref name=joystiqblizzcon>{{cite web\|url=http://i.wow.joystiq.com/2014/11/07/blizzcon-opening-ceremony-liveblog/\|title=BlizzCon Opening Ceremony liveblog\|last=Ziebart\|first=Alex\|publisher=]\|date=November 7, 2014\|accessdate=November 7, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="develop harassment">{{cite web \| url = http://www.develop-online.net/analysis/games-developers-must-fight-internet-abuse-together/0199849 \| title = Games developers must fight internet abuse together \| first = James \| last= Batchelor \| date = November 10, 2014 \| accessdate = November 10, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="inside higher ed digra">{{cite web \| url = https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/11/11/gamergate-supporters-attack-digital-games-research-association \| title = #Gamergate and Games Research \| first = Carl \| last = Straumsheim \| date= November 11, 2014 \| accessdate = November 11, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=MaxRead>{{cite web\|url=http://gawker.com/how-we-got-rolled-by-the-dishonest-fascists-of-gamergat-1649496579\|title=How We Got Rolled by the Dishonest Fascists of Gamergate\|last=Read\|first=Max\|work=]\|date=October 22, 2014\|accessdate=November 12, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=GGBackfiresWeek>{{cite web\|url=http://theweek.com/article/index/270115/gamergate-has-backfired-spectacularly-on-its-nincompoop-perpetrators\|title=Gamergate has backfired spectacularly on its nincompoop perpetrators\|last=Cooper\|first=Ryan\|work=]\|date=October 17, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="UWiscCulver">{{cite web \|url=http://ethics.journalism.wisc.edu/2015/01/03/a-magical-putter-and-the-year-in-media-ethics/ \|title=A Magical Putter and the Year in Media Ethics \|last=Culver \|first=Kathleen Bartzen \|work=Center for Journalism Ethics \|publisher=] \|date=January 3, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name=ColbertVerge>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/30/7130191/stephen-colbert-takes-on-gamergate-with-anita-sarkeesian\|title=Stephen Colbert takes on Gamergate with Anita Sarkeesian\|last=McCormick\|first=Rich\|work=]\|date=October 30, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=WaPoColbert>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/30/how-media-critic-anita-sarkeesian-turned-stephen-colbert-into-a-feminist/\|title=How media critic Anita Sarkeesian turned Stephen Colbert into a feminist\|last=McDonald\|first=Soraya Nadia\|work=]\|date=October 30, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=MCVUK>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/morhaime-uses-blizzcon-speech-to-rally-against-gamergate/0141129\|title=Morhaime uses Blizzcon speech to rally against GamerGate\|last=Parfitt\|first=Ben\|work=]\|date=November 10, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=PCGamerMM>{{cite web\|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/blizzard-ceo-on-gamergate-they-are-tarnishing-our-reputations-as-gamers/\|title=Blizzard CEO on GamerGate: "They are tarnishing our reputations as gamers"\|last=Wilde\|first=Tyler\|work=]\|date=November 6, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="sony response">{{cite web \| url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-17-sonys-layden-harassment-completely-unacceptable \| title = Sony's Layden: Harassment "completely unacceptable" \| first = James \| last= Brightman \| date = November 17, 2014 \| accessdate = November 17, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref><ref name="venture sony">{{cite interview \| url = http://venturebeat.com/2014/11/17/sonys-north-american-playstation-chief-on-ps4s-dominance-1-year-anniversary-and-gamergate-interview/ \| title = Sony’s North American PlayStation chief on PS4’s dominance, 1-year anniversary, and GamerGate (interview)\| first = Shawn \| last = Layden \| date = November 17, 2014 \| accessdate = November 18, 2014 \| work=]}}</ref>
	<ref name="Intel_Telegraph">{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/11231892/Intel-reinstates-advertising-on-Gamasutra-after-Gamergate-campaign.html\|title=Intel reinstates advertising on Gamasutra after 'Gamergate' campaign\|first=Ian\|last=Douglas\|work=]\|date=November 14, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=digra_exec>{{cite web\|url=http://www.digra.org/digra-and-gamergate/\|title=DiGRA and "Gamergate" news release on DiGRA website\|date=November 5, 2014\|accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=csmonitor>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Tech-Culture/2014/1125/Gamergate-and-the-new-horde-of-digital-saboteurs\|title=Gamergate and the new horde of digital saboteurs\|last=Eördögh\|first=Fruzsina\|work=]\|date=November 25, 2014\|accessdate=November 25, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="BusinessWeekSarkessian">{{cite web\|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-11-26/anita-sarkeesian-battles-sexism-in-games-gamergate-harassment\|title=The Gaming Industry's Greatest Adversary Is Just Getting Started\|last=Kolhatkar\|first=Sheelah\|work=]\|publisher=]\|date=November 26, 2014\|accessdate=November 26, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="gibiz silver lining">{{cite web \| url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-12-15-gamergates-silver-lining \| title = GamerGate's silver lining \| first = Brendan \| last = Sinclair \| date = December 15, 2014 \| accessdate= December 18, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="westmanjournal">{{cite news \|last=Wasilka \|first=Jordan \|url=http://www.westmanjournal.com/opinion/columnists/gamergate-righteous-riot-or-misogynist-movement-1.1585480 \|title=GamerGate - righteous riot or misogynist movement? \|work=] \|location=Brandon, Manitoba \|date=November 13, 2014 }}</ref>
	<ref name=pcgamerdq>{{cite web\|last=Savage\|first=Phil\|title=New batch of Steam Greenlight approvals contains Depression Quest, Tangiers and X-Plane 10\|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/new-batch-of-steam-greenlight-approvals-contains-depression-quest-tangiers-and-x-plane-10/\|work=]\|\|date=January 7, 2014\|accessdate=December 19, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="newsweek FBI">{{cite web \| url = http://www.newsweek.com/fbi-has-file-gamergate-293441 \| title = The FBI Has a File on Gamergate \| first= Taylor \| last= Wofford \| date = December 19, 2014 \| accessdate = December 19, 2014 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name=Macleans>{{cite web \|url=http://www.macleans.ca/society/technology/gamergate-how-a-gamer-fight-turned-into-an-all-out-culture-war/ \|title=How a gamer fight turned into an all-out culture war \|work=] \|date=December 8, 2014 \|last=Weinman \|first=Jamie \|accessdate= December 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name=KotakuAboutGamerGate>{{cite web\|url=http://kotaku.com/about-gamergate-1630707501\|title=About GamerGate\|last=Totilo\|first=Stephen\|date=September 5, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
	<!--<ref name="Salon#readergate">{{cite news\|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/11/07/jane_austen_slept_with_all_the_book_bloggers_how_readergate_smashes_shady_gamergate_arguments/\|title=“Jane Austen slept with all the book bloggers”: How #Readergate smashes shady #Gamergate arguments\|last=Keane\|first=Erin\|date=November 7, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!--<ref name="Vox#actuallyethics">{{cite news\|url=http://www.vox.com/xpress/2014/10/28/7084179/gamergate-ethics-in-journalism-dumb\|title=The absurdity of the #Gamergate "ethics in journalism" argument, explained in memes\|last=McKinney\|first=Kelsey\|date=October 28, 2014\|accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<ref name="Chu2014">{{cite news\|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/11/23/from_stuff_white_people_like_to_notyourshield_how_irony_is_killing_activism/\|title=From Stuff White People Like to #NotYourShield: How irony is killing activism\|last=Chu\|first=Arthur\|authorlink=Arthur Chu\|date=November 23, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="GuardianQvist">{{cite news\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/dec/19/gamergate-swedish-gaming-companies-tackle-sexism-in-video-games\|title=Gamergate: Swedish gaming companies tackle sexism in video games \|last=Qvist\|first=Bella\|date=December 18, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="flop">{{cite news\|last=Cheng\|first=Roger\|url=http://www.cnet.com/au/pictures/techs-biggest-flops-and-gaffes-in-2014-pictures/9/\|title=Tech's biggest flops and gaffes in 2014 (pictures)\|date=November 26, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=December 20, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="KernelMag">{{cite web\|last=Romano\|first=Aja\|title=The battle of Gamergate and the future of video games\|url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/features-issue-sections/11195/battle-of-gamergate-2014/\|work=]\|date=December 21, 2014\|accessdate=December 22, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="TelegraphDec3">{{cite web\|last=Stuart\|first=Keith\|title=Zoe Quinn: 'All Gamergate has done is ruin people's lives'\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/03/zoe-quinn-gamergate-interview\|work=]\|date=December 3, 2014\|accessdate=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
	<ref name="Bund">{{cite web \|url= http://www.derbund.ch/digital/social-media/Der-Gesinnungskrieg-der-Gamer-/story/31132860\|title=Der Gesinnungskrieg der Gamer \|trans-title=The Gamer's Attitude War\|last=Rothenberger \|first=Jan\|date=October 10, 2014 \|publisher= ] \|accessdate= January 6, 2015}}</ref>
	<ref name="wapo 3 women">{{cite web \| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/wp/2014/12/31/janay-rice-anita-sarkeesian-and-jackie-three-women-who-made-us-get-mad-in-2014/ \| title = Janay Rice, Anita Sarkeesian, and ‘Jackie’: Three women who made us get mad in 2014 \| first = Joann \| last = Weiner \| date = December 31, 2014 \| accessdate= January 6, 2015 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="Slate GG2014">{{cite web \| url = http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/gaming/features/2014/video_game_club_2014/gamergate_and_the_year_in_video_gaming_2014.html \| title = Entry 8: Gamergate is the most expansive real-world ARG in video game history. \| first = Jenn \| last = Frank \| publisher = ] \| date = January 5, 2015 \| accessdate = January 6, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="nightline">{{cite web \| url = http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/jumping-gamergate-turns-fearing-life/story?id=28230901&singlePage=true \| title = When Jumping into Gamergate Turns into Fearing For Your Life \| first1 = Juju \| last1 = Chang \| first2 = Katie \| last2= Yu \| publisher = ] \| date = January 14, 2015 \| accessdate = January 14, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="Polygon Intel">{{cite web \| url = http://www.polygon.com/2015/1/6/7506021/intel-300m-diversity-investment-support-women-minorities-gamergate \| title = Intel pledges $300M investment to bolster women, minority workforce in wake of GamerGate \| first = Michael \| last = McWhertor \| date = January 6, 2015 \| accessdate = January 6, 2015 \| publisher = ] }}</ref>
	<ref name="NYTimes Intel">{{cite news \|last=Wingfield \|first=Nick \|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/technology/intel-budgets-300-million-for-diversity.html \|title=Intel Budgets $300 Million for Diversity \|work=] \|date=January 6, 2015 \|accessdate=January 7, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="canadacom">{{cite news \|last=O'Rourke \|first=Patrick \|url=http://www.canada.com/life/GamerGate+nothing+with+ethics+journalism/10295501/story.html \|title=GamerGate has nothing to do with ethics in journalism \|work=Canada.com \|publisher=] \|date=October 23, 2014 \|accessdate=January 23, 2015 }}</ref>
	<ref name="smh baldwin supernova">{{cite web \| url = http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/about-town/fans-divided-over-adam-baldwins-supanova-gigs-in-perth-and-sydney-20150124-12x9ad.html \| title = Fans divided over Adam Baldwin's Supanova gigs in Perth and Sydney \| first = Candice \| last = Barnes \| date = January 24, 2015 \| accessdate = January 24, 2015 \| work = ] }}</ref>
	<!-- <ref name="ica response">{{cite web \| url = http://www.icahdq.org/membersnewsletter/NOV14_ART0009.asp \| title = GamerGate and Academia \| date = November 2014 \| accessdate = November 18, 2014 \| publisher = ] \| first = John Paul \| last = Gutierrez }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=Bernstein>{{cite news\|last1=Bernstein\|first1=Joseph\|title=Why The Gamer Rebellion Won’t Last Very Long\|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/why-the-gamer-rebellion-wont-last-very-long#2jmo31j\|accessdate=September 22, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=September 2, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="salon readergate">{{cite web \| url = http://www.salon.com/2014/11/07/jane_austen_slept_with_all_the_book_bloggers_how_readergate_smashes_shady_gamergate_arguments/ \| title = "Jane Austen slept with all the book bloggers": How #ReaderGate smashes shady #GamerGate arguments \| date = November 7, 2014 \| accessdate = November 7, 2014 \| first = Erin \| last = Keane \| work = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=Jazeera>{{cite web \| title = #GamerGate: Misogyny or corruption in the gaming community? \| url = http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201409032102-0024126 \| date = September 3, 2014 \| accessdate = September 3, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="pri robertsom">{{cite web \| url = http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-11-07/what-gamergate-all-about \| title = What is #GamerGate all about? \| first = Adam \| last = Werwick \| date = November 7, 2014 \| accessdate = November 7, 2014 \| publisher = ] \| work = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=BuzzFeedKIA>{{cite web\|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/the-disturbing-misogynist-history-of-gamergates-g\|title=The Disturbing Misogynist History Of GamerGate’s Goodwill Ambassadors\|last=Bernstein\|first=Joseph\|work=]\|date=October 30, 2014\|acessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=PolygonEditorial>{{cite web\|url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/10/17/6996601/on-gamergate-a-letter-from-the-editor\|title=On GamerGate: A letter from the editor\|last=Grant\|first=Christopher\|work=]\|date=October 17, 2014\|accessdate=October 29, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=Valenti>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/21/gamergate-angry-men-harassing-women\|title=Gamergate is loud, dangerous and a last grasp at cultural dominance by angry white men\|last=Valenti\|first=Jessica\|work=]\|date=October 21, 2014\|accessdate=October 29, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=PBSNewsHour>{{cite web \| url = http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/gamergate-leads-death-threats-women-gaming-industry/ \| title = #Gamergate leads to death threats against women in the gaming industry \| publisher = ] \| date = October 16, 2014 \| accessdate = October 28, 2014 }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=GuardianWu>{{cite news \| url =http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/17/brianna-wu-gamergate-human-cost \| title = Brianna Wu and the human cost of Gamergate: 'every woman I know in the industry is scared' \| first = Keith \| last = Stuart \| work = ]\|date = October 17, 2014 \| accessdate = October 29, 2014 }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="RockPaperShotgun">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2013/02/14/mostly-indescribable-depression-quest/\|title=Mostly Indescribable: Depression Quest\|last=Smith\|first=Adam\|publisher=]\|date=February 14, 2013\|accessdate=August 23, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="HarvardPoliticalReview">{{cite web\|url=http://harvardpolitics.com/books-arts/object-game-authority-art-video-games//\|title=The Object of the Game: Authority, Art, and Video Games]]\|date=February 14, 2013\|accessdate=August 23, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=dashgate>{{cite web\|url=http://www.deathandtaxesmag.com/229778/gamergate-supporters-aghast-that-writer-wont-take-bribe-to-support-them/\|title=#GamerGate supporters aghast that writer won’t take bribe to support them\|work=Death and Taxes\|publisher=]\|date=October 20, 2014\|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=futuretroll>{{cite web\|url=http://techcrunch.com/2014/10/20/gamergate-is-the-future-of-troll-politics/\|title=#GamerGate Is The Future Of Troll Politics\|date=October 20, 2014\|work=TechCrunch\|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=MITGamelab>{{cite web\|url=http://www.boston.com/life/2014/10/31/how-gamergate-influencing-mit-video-game-teachers/eccMSdMvmE8cpE4hHp8t4I/story.html\|title=How GamerGate Is Influencing MIT Video Game Teachers\|work=Boston.com\|first=Rachel\|last=Raczka\|date=October 31, 2014\|accessdate=November 7, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="bbc condrey">{{cite web \| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29876839 \| title = Call of Duty Advanced Warfare developer: Low tolerance on toxic behaviour \| first = Stephan \| last= Powell \| date= November 3, 2014 \| accessdate = November 5, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=fickle>{{cite web\|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/10/28/gamergates_fickle_hero_the_dark_opportunism_of_breitbarts_milo_yiannopoulos/\|title=Gamergate’s fickle hero: The dark opportunism of Breitbart’s Milo Yiannopoulos\|work=]\|date=October 28, 2014\|accessdate=October 29, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=mordor>{{cite web\|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/10/08/middle-earth-shadow-of-mordor-paid-branding-deals-should-have-gamergate-up-in-arms/\|title='Middle-Earth: Shadow Of Mordor' Paid Branding Deals Should Have #GamerGate Up In Arms\|last=Kain\|first=Erik\|date=October 8, 2014\|work=Forbes\|accessdate=October 29, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=CathyYoung2>{{cite news\|last1=Young\|first1=Cathy\|title=GamerGate, Part 2: Video games Meet Feminism\|url=http://reason.com/archives/2014/10/22/gamergate-part-2-video games-meet-feminis\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=October 22, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=Stoneback>{{cite news\|last1=Stoneback\|first1=Robert\|title=Suicide Prevention Charity Spawns from GamerGate\|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/137409-GamerGate-Leads-to-Suicide-Prevention-Charity\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=September 12, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=MediaMole>{{cite news\|title=Wikileaks wades into #GamerGate, says Nato as corrupt as video games journalism\|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/media-mole/2014/09/wikileaks-wades-gamergate-says-nato-corrupt-video-games-journalism\|accessdate=October 28, 2014\|publisher=]\|date=September 16, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=PacificStandard>{{cite web\|last=Berlatsky\|first=Noah\|url=http://www.psmag.com/navigation/books-and-culture/online-harassment-women-isnt-just-gamer-problem-90518/\|title=Online Harassment of Women Isn’t Just a Gamer Problem\|work=]\|date=September 15, 2014\|date=September 20, 2014}}</ref>-->
	<!-- <ref name=WaPoGGGoals>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/10/24/how-some-gamergate-supporters-say-the-controversy-could-stop-in-one-week/\|title=How some Gamergate supporters say the controversy could stop "in one week"\|last=Tsukayama\|first=Hayley\|work=]\|date=October 24, 2014\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=WikiLeaksVerge>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/20/7015849/wikileaks-finds-common-cause-with-gamergate\|title=WikiLeaks is winning over Gamergate with a confusing Twitter campaign\|date=October 20, 2014\|work=]\|accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="Engadget">{{cite web\|url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/10/03/intel-gamergate-gamasutra/\|title=Intel is 'not taking sides,' but keeps ads off of Gamasutra\|last=Seppala\|first=Timothy J.\|work=]\|date=October 3, 2014\|accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=Overland>{{cite journal\|url=https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-214/feature-brendan-keogh/\|title=On video game criticism\|last=Keogh\|first=Brendan\|work=]\|volume=214\|issue=Autumn 2014\|accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=ForbesNod>{{cite web\| url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2014/10/04/why-it-makes-sense-for-intel-to-pull-ads-from-gamasutra-over-gamergate-and-why-its-still-the-wrong-move/\| title=GamerGate: Why It Makes Sense For Intel To Pull Ads From Gamasutra Over #GamerGate And Why It's Still The Wrong Move\| last=Kain\|first=Erik\| work=]\| date=October 4, 2014\| accessdate=October 4, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="wapo culture">{{cite news \| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/10/08/the-culture-wars-are-back-and-this-time-everyone-can-win/ \| title = The culture wars are back, and this time, everyone can win \| work = ] \| date = October 8, 2014 \| accessdate = October 9, 2014 \| first = Alyssa \| last = Rosenberg }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="recode">{{cite web \| title = Under Pressure From Gamers, Intel Pulls Advertising From Gamasutra \| first = Eric \| last = Johnson \| publisher = Re/code \| date = October 1, 2014 \| accessdate = October 3, 2014\|url = http://recode.net/2014/10/01/under-pressure-from-gamers-intel-pulls-advertising-from-gamasutra/ }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name="CNNIntel">{{Cite web \| url = http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/03/tech/gaming-gadgets/intel-ad-gamasutra/index.html \| title = Intel pulls ads over sexism in video game drama \| first = Heather \| last = Kelly \| date = October 3, 2014 \| accessdate = October 3, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=VergeNod>{{cite web \| url = http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/2/6886747/intel-buckles-to-anti-feminist-campaign-by-pulling-ads-from-gaming \| title= Intel buckles to anti-feminist campaign by pulling ads from gaming site \| first = Rich \| last = McCormick \| date = October 2, 2014 \| accessdate = October 2, 2014 \| publisher = ] }}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=LeMondeCHS>{{cite news\| url=http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2014/09/17/christina-hoff-sommers-figure-de-proue-feminine-du-gamergate_4488856_4408996.html \| last=Audureau\|first=William\| title=Christina Hoff Sommers, figure de proue féminine du GamerGate\| accessdate=September 26, 2014\| publisher=]\| date=September 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=KotakuGJ>{{cite web\|url=http://tmi.kotaku.com/the-indie-game-reality-tv-show-that-went-to-hell-1555599284\|title=The Indie Game Reality TV Show That Went To Hell\| first=Nathan\| last=Grayson\| work=]\|date=March 31, 2014\|accessdate=September 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=KotakuDQ>{{cite web\|url=http://kotaku.com/depression-quest-the-thoughtful-game-about-mental-heal-1476630988\|title=Depression Quest, the thoughtful game about mental health...\| first=Patricia\| last=Hernandez\| work=]\|date=December 4, 2013\|accessdate=September 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=AEI>{{cite web\| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MxqSwzFy5w\| title=Are Video Games Sexist?\| last=Sommers\|first=Christina Hoff\| work=American Enterprise Institute\|date=September 16, 2014\| accessdate=September 23, 2014}}.</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=SalonMyth>{{cite web\|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/11/01/gamergates_infuriating_myth_why_searching_for_common_ground_is_a_big_mistake/\|title=Gamergate’s infuriating myth: Why searching for common ground is a big mistake\|work=]\|date=November 1, 2014\|last=Isquith\|first=Elias\|accessdate=November 1, 2014}}</ref> -->
	<!-- <ref name=BF>{{cite web\| url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/gaming-is-leaving-gamers-behind#39nd5fd\| title=Gaming Is Leaving "Gamers" Behind\| last=Bernstein\|first=Joseph\| work=]\| date=August 28, 2014\| accessdate=September 7, 2014}}</ref> -->
	}}		}}


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Latest revision as of 18:16, 6 March 2022

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