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{{Short description|Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
| name = Canton 10<br>Herzeg-Bosnia County
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
| native_name = <small>{{lang-hr|Hercegbosanska županija}}{{-}}{{lang-sr|Кантон 10}}</small>
{{Infobox country
| settlement_type = ]
| conventional_long_name = Canton 10
| motto =
| image_skyline = | native_name = Canton 10
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = | image_flag =
| flag_alt = | image_coat =
| image_seal = | status = ]
| image_map = Canton 10 in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg | image_map = Canton 10 in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
| map_caption = Location of Canton 10 within ] | capital = ] (executive)<br />] (legislative)
| latd =
| pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map -->
| latm =
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = | latNS =
| pushpin_mapsize = | longd =
| subdivision_type = Country | longm =
| longEW = <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction-->
| subdivision_name = ]
| subdivision_type1 = Entity | largest_city = ]
| official_languages = ]{{-}}]{{-}}]
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| ethnic_groups = 77.05% ]<br />13.01% ]<br />9.58% ]
| seat_type = Capital
| ethnic_groups_year = 2013<ref>{{cite book|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS|publisher=BHAS|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| seat = ]
| government_type = ]
| parts_type = ]
| parts_style = para | leader_title1 = ]
| leader_name1 = ] (])
| p1 = ]
| legislature = Assembly of Canton 10
| p2 = ]
| leader_title2 = President of Assembly
| p3 = ]
| leader_name2 = Jozo Ćosić (])
| p4 = ]
| sovereignty_type = ]
| p5 = ]
| sovereignty_note =
| p6 = ]
| established_event1 = Establishment
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = | established_date1 = 12 June 1996
| established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
| leader_title = Prime Minister
| established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event-->
| leader_name = Branko Ivković
| leader_title1 = | area_rank =
| leader_name1 = | area_km2 = 4934.9
| area_sq_mi = 1905
| established_title = ]
| established_date = 18 March 1994 | percent_water =
| area_magnitude = | population_estimate =
| population_estimate_rank =
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| population_estimate_year =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4934.1 | population_census = 83,844
| population_census_year = 2013
| area_land_km2 =
| population_density_km2 = <!--auto-->
| area_water_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2013 census
| population_density_rank =
|population_footnotes = <ref name=FZS>{{cite web|publisher=Federal Office of Statistics, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=http://www.fzs.ba/saopcenja/2011/14.2.1.pdf|title=First release|date=June 30, 2011}}</ref>
| nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|population_note =
| GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|population_total = 90727
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 18
| timezone = CET | GDP_PPP_year = 2022
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = ] 14.983
| utc_offset =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST = | GDP_nominal = ] 155.642 Million
| latd = 44 |latm=00 |lats= |latNS=N | GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
| longd = 16 |longm=50 |longs= |longEW=E
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = ] 5.762
| coordinates_type = region:BA_type:adm2nd_dim:200000
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = | Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
| Gini_rank =
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code = | Gini_year =
| area_code = | HDI_year = 2019
| iso_code = BA-10 | HDI = 0.740
| website = http://www.vladahbz.com/ | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
| HDI_rank =
| footnotes = The flag and the coat of arms are recognized only at the cantonal level and not on the Federal level;<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba" /> however, flag is still de jure and de facto used by the Canton.<ref name=Ustav>{{cite web |url=http://www.vladahbz.com/nn/1996/NN_03_1996.pdf |title=Ustav Hercegbosanske županije |author= |date=23 December 1996 |work= |publisher=Government of the Herzeg-Bosnia Canton |language=Croatian |accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref>>
| HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
| currency = ]
| currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
| time_zone = ]
| utc_offset = +1
| time_zone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy
| drives_on = right
| official_website = {{URL|http://vladahbz.com}}
}} }}
].]]
'''Canton 10''' or '''Herzeg-Bosnia County'''<ref name=Ustav/> ({{lang-hr|Hercegbosanska županija}}; {{lang-sr|Кантон 10}}) is the tenth of 10 ] of the ] in ]. The local government seat is in ], while the assembly is in ].<ref>http://www.skupstinahbz.com/ustav.html</ref>


'''Canton 10''' ({{langx|hr|Herceg-Bosanska županija}}, {{Lit|Herceg-Bosnia County}}, {{langx|sr|Кантон 10}}, {{langx|bs|Kanton 10}}) is one of the ten ], a political entity of ]. It is the largest canton by area and eighth by population. The local government seat is in ], while the assembly is in ]. It is divided into five municipalities: ], ], ], ], ] and one city, ].
==Names, symbols and controversy==
In Croatian the term ''županija'' (county) is used, while in ] and ] the term is ''kanton''. The canton is officially referred by the ] as '''Canton 10/County 10''' (''Kanton 10'' or ''Županija 10'').<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba">{{Wayback|url=http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/bos/odluke/odluke/u11_97.htm|title=U-11/97|date=20080419115156}}</ref> The local government however refers to it as the '''Herzeg-Bosnia County''' (''Hercegbosanska županija'') and uses that name in the local constitution.<ref></ref><ref></ref> This name has been deemed unconstitutional by the Federation's ] partly because it "does not cover any part of the traditional region of ]".<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba" /> Other names used at the national level include '''North Herzegovina Canton/County''' (''Sjevernohercegovački kanton'', ''Sjevernohercegovačka županija'') and '''Livno Canton''' (''Livanjski kanton''), after its capital.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>


The canton was established in 1996, following the ] of 1994, which ended the ]. The majority of the population is ethnically Croat, living in the southern part of the canton, while the second-largest Serbs live in the northern part.
The flag and coat of arms of the canton were the same as the flag and coat of arms of the former ]. ] was another canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina which also used this flag and coat of arms. However, these symbols were deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court, because "it only represented one group".<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba"/> Defying the court's ruling, the local government continues using these symbols, and the coat of arms is used at plates at the official institutions. Due to the name and symbols dispute, the local police up to this day have no official badges.


During the ], the ] (HVO) controlled the southern parts of the canton, while other parts, mostly in the north, were controlled by the Serb ] until 1994 when they were re-taken by the HVO with the support from the ]. Per the Washington Agreement, the territories were incorporated into the Croat-Bosniak ]. From 1996 to 2005, only Croats and Bosniaks were considered to be constituent nations within the canton, but since 2005, the Serbs are included among the constituent nations as well and are mentioned as such before the less numerous Bosniaks.
==Geography==
The total area of the County is approximately {{convert|4934|km2|sqmi|-1}}, a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and c. 19% of the Federation.<ref>http://www.fzs.ba/Podaci/OSNOVNE%2520INFO%252010b.htm</ref> The region is located between ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the east and ] and ] to the south and southeast.


== Name, symbols and language ==
=== Topography ===

{{further|Dinaric Alps}}
In Croatian, the term '']'' is used, while in ] and ], the term is ''kanton''. The canton is officially referred to by the ] as Canton 10 ({{Lang|bs|Kanton 10}} or ''Županija 10'').<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba">{{cite web|url=http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/bos/odluke/odluke/u11_97.htm |title=U-11/97 |access-date=2009-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419115156/http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/bos/odluke/odluke/u11_97.htm |archive-date=2008-04-19 }}</ref> The local government refers to it as the '''Herzeg-Bosnia County''' and uses that name in the local constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbzup.com/|website=www.hbzup.com|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716055448/http://www.hbzup.com/|archive-date=2007-07-16|url-status=dead |title=Hercegbosanska_županija }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vladahbz.com/|title=Vlada Hercegbosanske županije|website=www.vladahbz.com|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> This name was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation because the name is a characteristic shared by all the cantons in the sense that all of them are within Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba"/> Other names used at the national level include '''North Herzegovina Canton''' ({{Lang|bs|Sjevernohercegovački kanton}}, {{Lang|hr|Sjevernohercegovačka županija}}) and '''Livno Canton''' (''Livanjski kanton''), after its capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevo-x.com/clanak/090626080|title=Utopio se pijan plivajući u Buškom jezeru|website=sarajevo-x.com|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediainfo.ba/index.php/200812174966/BiH/Livanjski-kanton-Do-2010.-godine-bice-izgradene-prve-vjetrenjace.html|title=mediainfo.ba - Livanjski kanton: Do 2010. godine biće izgrađene prve vjetrenjače<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=mediainfo.ba|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201124356/http://www.mediainfo.ba/index.php/200812174966/BiH/Livanjski-kanton-Do-2010.-godine-bice-izgradene-prve-vjetrenjace.html|archive-date=2009-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.24sata.info/vijesti/dogadjaji/4599-Livanjski-kanton-Ministar-zdravlja-Darko-Horvat-lomio-kafani.html|title=24sata.info - Livanjski kanton: Ministar zdravlja Darko Horvat lomio po kafani!<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=24sata.info|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728175303/http://www.24sata.info/vijesti/dogadjaji/4599-Livanjski-kanton-Ministar-zdravlja-Darko-Horvat-lomio-kafani.html|archive-date=2011-07-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Mountainous terrain of the region is a part of the ], linked to a Late ] to recent times ], itself part of the ] ], extending southeast from the southern ]. The Dinarides form part of a chain of mountains that stretch across southern Europe and isolate ] from the ]. The highest mountain of the Tropolje Dinarides is Mount ], located on the border of the municipalities of Tomislavgrad and Jablanica with the peak called Veliki Vran (''Great Vran'') at {{convert|2074|m|ft|0}}.

The coat of arms of the canton under its constitution is a variant of the historical ]. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle.<ref name=ustavhbz>{{cite web|url=http://www.vladahbz.com/sadrzaj/dokumenti/ministarstvo-pravosuda-i-uprave/Propisi%20dodati%20u%202015.%20god/Ustav%20procisceni%20tekst%20i%20amandmani..pdf|title=Ustav - Vlada Hercegbosanske županije|work=Vlada Hercegbosanske županije|page=3|date=12 October 2005}}</ref> These symbols were used by the former ]. The ] also uses this flag and coat of arms. Their use as the official symbols of the canton was deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation, because "they only represented one constituent nation".<ref name="ustavnisudfbih.ba"/> The local government continues to use the flag and the coat of arms at plates at the official institutions.<ref name="mupk10livno">{{cite web |title=Naslovna - Ministarstvo unutranjih poslova Kantona 10 |url=https://www.mupk10.gov.ba/o-nama |website=www.mupk10.gov.ba |publisher=Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova K10 |access-date=19 July 2018 |language=hr, bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/sporna-obiljezja-na-grbovima-bih|title=Sporna obilježja na grbovima BiH|publisher=Al Jazeera Balkans|date=23 April 2015}}</ref>

Since 2005, the constitution lists the "languages spoken by Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks" as the official languages, without naming them, with both the ] and the ] having equal status.<ref name=ustavhbz/>

== History ==

]
Originally occupied by the ], the area of Canton 10 was annexed in 15 AD by the ] and formed part of the Roman province of ]. After the introduction of ], ] (]) is the seat of the bishopric.

These years also see the creation of the city of ]. The first written appearance of the name of Livno was in 892 when it was mentioned as a seat of one of the counties of the ]. The region was attached in the ninth century to the Kingdom of the Croats and later in the 14th century to the ]. After the death of the king of Bosnia, ] in 1391, the power of the Kingdom of Bosnia gradually declined and the region was taken over by the Kingdom of Croatia, the state associated with the Kingdom of Hungary by a ].

In the 16th century, the region was fully integrated for four centuries within the ]. Under the Ottoman Empire, peasants who remained Catholic or Orthodox were hostile to Turkish officials and Islamised landowners.

In the nineteenth century, several uprisings and rebellions against Muslim authorities erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Suffering under oppression by the authorities and furious after the Muslim authorities had killed the Catholic spiritual leader of this region, Lovro Karaula, Franciscan priest, the Catholics of Livno rose up against Ottoman rule on July 20, 1875. Soon, the Catholics from across the region joined this uprising. The rebel leaders were two Franciscan priests, Stjepan Krešić and Bonaventura Šarić-Drženjak. For three years, the insurgency controlled the mountainous regions of ], ], ] and ]. When the Austrian army arrived in the Livno region in 1878, the insurgents handed over their arms to the Austrians. The Austro-Hungarian troops met in this region an opposition, both of the Muslim population and the Orthodox population, fighting battles in the vicinity of Livno. The region was liberated at the end of the summer of 1878.

Austria-Hungary occupied the region militarily and Bosnia and Herzegovina after 1878 ]. This period is marked by industrialization and Westernization. Architecturally, many public buildings were built and many Catholic religious buildings were erected that were banned during the Ottoman era.

]

After ], the area of Herzeg-Bosnia county was in the ], later Yugoslavia.<ref name="Naš rod">"Kraljevina Jugoslavija! Novi naziv naše države. No, mi smo itak med seboj vedno dejali Jugoslavija, četudi je bilo na vseh uradnih listih Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. In tudi drugi narodi, kakor Nemci in Francozi, so pisali že prej v svojih listih mnogo o Jugoslaviji. 3. oktobra, ko je kralj Aleksander podpisal "Zakon o nazivu in razdelitvi kraljevine na upravna območja", pa je bil naslov kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev za vedno izbrisan." (Naš rod ("Our Generation", a monthly Slovene language periodical), Ljubljana 1929/30, št. 1, str. 22, letnik I.)</ref> Most of the present-day area of Herzeg-Bosnia County belonged to the then-Travnik area in 1922, while the smaller northern parts belonged to the Bišćan area. After the introduction of the January 6 dictatorship and the division of the state into ''banovinas'' in 1929, most of the Croatian areas of Herzeg-Bosnia county became part of Primorska banovina with headquarters in Split, while the northern Serbian areas were annexed to Vrbas banovina, with headquarters in Banja Luka. With the creation of Croatian Banovina in 1939, all of Primorska Banovina became part of it, including the majority of Croat areas of Canton 10.

After the creation of the NDH and its administrative division, most of the area of today's Herzeg-Bosnia County was part of the Great Parish of Pliva and Rama with its seat in Jajce, while the smaller northern part belonged to the Great Parish of Krbava and Psata with its seat in Bihać. After the defeat of the ] in 1945, the area of Herzeg-Bosnia County became part of the then-federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the democratic process, most of the Croatian municipalities in the county, Kupres, Livno and Tomislavgrad, became part of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.

With the ] of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northern and western part of Herzeg-Bosnia County under the leadership of the SDS, the Serb majority areas sided with the Army of Republika Srpska killing Croats and Bosniaks in Drvar, Grahovo, Glamoč, attacking Kupres and shelling Livno and surrounding settlements. After the formation of HVO military units, first, the Kupres area was liberated. Croats and Bosniaks formed the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the Washington Agreement,<ref name="bos">{{Cite web |title=Bosnian War European history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-War |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114061646/https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-War |archive-date=14 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> which included the entire area of Herzeg-Bosnia County under HVO control, and a little later, in the summer of 1995, HVO and HV ]. They attacked and captured Grahovo, Glamoč<ref name="BB366">{{harvnb|CIA|2002|p=366}}</ref> and Drvar, which, together with other victories of the HVO, HV and the RBiH Army, created the conditions for the signing of the ] After the war, Herzeg-Bosnia was self-abolished in 1996 and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was organized into counties. Herzeg-Bosnia County was the largest county in FBiH when it was created.

The Constitution of Herzeg-Bosnia Canton was adopted by the Cantonal Assembly on 19 December 1996.

== Geography ==

]
The total area of the canton is approximately {{convert|4934|km2|sqmi|-1}}, a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and c. 19% of the Federation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fzs.ba/Podaci/OSNOVNE%2520INFO%252010b.htm |title=OSNOVNE INFORMACIJE, KANTON 10 |access-date=2009-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513063704/http://www.fzs.ba/Podaci/OSNOVNE%20INFO%2010b.htm |archive-date=2010-05-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The region is located between ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the east and ] and ] to the south and southeast.

The natural and geographical features of this area are diverse, ranging from fertile and vast fields and vast pastures, ]s and lakes to centuries-old deciduous and evergreen forests, and provide abundant opportunities for life and ] based on agricultural production, livestock and the timber industry. The ecologically clean and unspoiled nature, the mild continental climate, the geographical position and the proximity and good transport connections with neighboring Croatia, i.e. its gateway to the world, ], and the connection with the whole of Herzegovina, are important factors for economic progress in this area.

===Topography===
{{Further|Dinaric Alps}}
]
The mountainous terrain of the region is a part of the ], linked from a ] dating from the late ] period, itself part of the ], extending southeast from the southern Alps. The Dinarides form part of a chain of mountains that stretch across southern Europe and isolate ] from the ]. The highest mountain of the Tropolje Dinarides is Mount ], located on the border of the municipalities of Tomislavgrad and Jablanica with the peak called Veliki Vran (''Great Vran'') at {{convert|2074|m|ft|0}}.
{|class="wikitable" {|class="wikitable"
! colspan=4|Highest mountains of Tropolje ! colspan=4|Highest mountains of Tropolje
Line 109: Line 152:
|} |}


==Political subdivisions == == Political subdivisions ==
] ]
Canton 10 includes 6 municipalities: ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Canton 10 includes 5 municipalities: ], ], ], ], and ] and 1 township: ].
{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class="wikitable sortable"
|- |-
! class="unsortable" style="width:50px" | Coat of arms ! class="unsortable" style="width:50px" | Coat of arms
! Municipality ! Municipality
!Population <ref name="Data">{{bs icon}}{{hr icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |title=PRELIMINARY RESULTS Of the 2013 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina |author= |date=5 November 2013 |website=http://www.bhas.ba/ |publisher=Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina |accessdate=28 January 2014}}</ref> !Population<ref name="Data">{{in lang|bs|hr}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |title=PRELIMINARY RESULTS Of the 2013 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina |date=5 November 2013 |website=www.bhas.ba/ |publisher=Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=28 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123135507/http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="Data"/> ! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="Data"/>
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Bosansko Grahovo ||align="right" | 3,091 ||align="right" | 780.0 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] ||align="right" | 2,449 ||align="right" | 780.0
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Drvar || align="right" | 7,506 ||align="right" | 1030.0 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] || align="right" | 7,036 ||align="right" | 589.3
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Glamoč ||align="right" | 4,038 ||align="right" | 1033.6 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] ||align="right" | 4,038 ||align="right" | 1033.6
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Kupres ||align="right" | 5,573 ||align="right" | 569.8 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] ||align="right" | 5,573 ||align="right" | 569.8
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Livno ||align="right" | 37,487||align="right" | 994.0 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] ||align="right" | 37,487||align="right" | 994.0
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"| ] || Tomislavgrad ||align="right"| 33,032 ||align="right" | 967.4 |style="text-align:center;"| ] || ] ||align="right"| 33,032 ||align="right" | 967.4
|} |}


== Governance == == Governance ==

The canton is governed by the Government of Canton 10 ({{lang-hr|Vlada Hercegbosanske županije}}, {{lang-sr|Влада Кантона 10}}). The current government is a coalition of 2 parties led by ]. President of the government is Branko Ivković.<ref name="na78">{{cite web |url=http://www.vladahbz.com/pages/ustrojstvo_vlade |title=Government of Herzeg-Bosnia County |author= |date= |website=vladahbz.com |publisher=Government of Canton 10|accessdate=6 March 2014|language=hr}}</ref>
The canton is governed by the Government of Canton 10 ({{langx|hr|Vlada Hercegbosanske županije}}; {{lang-sr-cyrl|Влада Кантона 10}}; {{langx|bs|Vlada Kantona 10}}). The current government is a coalition led by the ].

=== Government ===

The Government of the Canton 10 is led by the ] who has one deputy and it consists of seven ministries. The ministries have different seats, with two ministries being seated in Tomislavgrad, and the rest in Livno.

{|class="wikitable"
! Position
! Portfolio
! Seat
! Officeholder
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan=2|Prime Minister
| Livno
| ]
| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Croatian National Shift}}|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Finance
| Tomislavgrad
| Ivan Ćubela
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Croatian National Shift}}"|
| HNP
|-
| Minister
| Internal Affairs
| Livno
| Mario Lovrić
| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Croatian National Shift}}|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Judiciary and Administration
| Livno
| Aleksandar Rodić
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance of Independent Social Democrats}}"|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Economy
| Livno
| Miroslav Jaglica
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Serbian Progressive Party}}"|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Construction, Urban Development, and Environment
| Livno
| Sead Hadžijahić
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}"|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Science, Education, Culture, and Sports
| Livno
| Ante Tadić
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Croatian National Shift}}"|
| HNP
|-
| Minister
| Labour, Healthcare, Social Care, and Refugees
| Tomislavgrad
| Dijana Novković Pećanac
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance of Independent Social Democrats}}"|
| ]
|-
| Minister
| Agriculture, Water Management, and Forestry
| Livno
| Božo Perić
| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union 1990}}"|
| ]
|-
|}


=== Cantonal Assembly === === Cantonal Assembly ===


] ]]]

The Cantonal Assembly ({{lang-hr|Županijska skupština}} {{lang-sr|Кантонална скупштина}}) is the parliament of the canton 10. It consists of 25 representatives elected by ] for four-year terms of office.
The Cantonal Assembly ({{langx|hr|Županijska skupština}}, ] and {{langx|sr|Kantonalna skupština/Кантонална скупштина}}) is the parliament of the Canton 10. It consists of 25 representatives elected by ] for four-year terms of office.
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! rowspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ! rowspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! rowspan="2" | Political party ! rowspan="2" | Political party
! colspan="5" | Assembly members ! colspan="7" | Assembly members
|- |-
! 2002 ! 2002
Line 149: Line 269:
! 2010 ! 2010
! 2014 ! 2014
! 2018
! 2022
! currently ! currently
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Croatian National Shift}} | &nbsp;
| ] | ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" |'''5'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|5|25|{{party color|Croatian National Shift}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''13'' | style="text-align: right" | ''13''
| style="text-align: right" | ''5'' | style="text-align: right" | ''5''
| style="text-align: right" | ''9'' | style="text-align: right" | ''9''
| style="text-align: right" | '''9''' | style="text-align: right" | ''9''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|9|25|{{Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | ''8''
| style="text-align: right" |'''5'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|4|25|{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}}}
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Alliance of Independent Social Democrats/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Croatian Democratic Union 1990}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''6''
| style="text-align: right" | ''4''
| style="text-align: right" | ''4''
| style="text-align: right" | ''4''
| style="text-align: right" |'''4'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|4|25|{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union 1990}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance of Independent Social Democrats}} | &nbsp;
| ] | ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''3'' | style="text-align: right" | ''3''
| style="text-align: right" | ''5'' | style="text-align: right" | ''5''
| style="text-align: right" | ''3'' | style="text-align: right" | ''3''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3''' | style="text-align: right" | ''3''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|3|25|{{Alliance of Independent Social Democrats/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | ''3''
| style="text-align: right" |'''2'''
|-
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|2|25|{{party color|Alliance of Independent Social Democrats}}}}
| bgcolor={{Croatian Democratic Union 1990/meta/color}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''6''
| style="text-align: right" | ''4''
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|25|{{Croatian Democratic Union 1990/meta/color}}}}
|- |-
| bgcolor=black | &nbsp; | bgcolor=black | &nbsp;
| ] | Croatian Independent List (HNL)
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|25|hex=#000000}}
|-
| bgcolor={{People's Party For Work And Betterment/meta/color}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''2'' | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | ''3'' | style="text-align: right" | ''3''
| style="text-align: right" | '''2''' | style="text-align: right" |'''2'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|25|{{People's Party For Work And Betterment/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|2|25|hex=#000000}}
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Party of Democratic Action/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Party of Democratic Action}} | &nbsp;
| ] | ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''2'' | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" | ''2'' | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" | ''2'' | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" | '''2''' | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|25|{{Party of Democratic Action/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | ''2''
| style="text-align: right" |'''2'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|2|25|{{party color|Party of Democratic Action}}}}
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)}} | &nbsp;
| ] | ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''1'' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | ''4'' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | ''3'' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | '''1''' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|1|25|{{Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" |'''2'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|2|25|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)}}}}
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Croatian Peasant Party of Stjepan Radić/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Serbian Progressive Party}} | &nbsp;
| Serbian Progressive Party FBiH (SNS)
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | '''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|1|25|{{Croatian Peasant Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)/meta/color}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | ''1'' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" |'''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|1|25|{{party color|Serbian Progressive Party}}}}
|-
| bgcolor=#FFBB11 | &nbsp;
| Serb National Movement
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" |'''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|1|25|#FFBB11}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Croatian Republican Party}} | &nbsp;
| ]
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''1'' | style="text-align: right" | ''1''
| style="text-align: right" | '''1''' | style="text-align: right" |'''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|1|25|{{Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|1|25|{{party color|Croatian Republican Party}}}}
|- |-
| bgcolor={{Independent (politician)/meta/color}} | &nbsp; | bgcolor={{party color|Independent}} | &nbsp;
| Independent
| independent
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | ''-'' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | '''-''' | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|25|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}}} | style="text-align: right" | ''-''
| style="text-align: right" |'''-'''
| style="text-align: right" | {{Composition bar|1|25|{{party color|Independent}}}}
|- |-
| colspan="11" style="text-align: center;"| '''Sources:'''<ref name="Izbori.ba">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/Finalni2010/Finalni/SkupstineKantone/Nivo.aspx |title= Verified results of the 2010 general elections: The Cantonal Assemblies in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Canton 10 |author= |date= |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |accessdate=30 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Izbori.ba01">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/rezultati/konacni/kantoni/cantonsMainPage.asp?jed=210 |title=210-Skupština kantona 10 (210-Assembly of Canton 10) |author= |date= |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |accessdate=30 May 2013|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="Izbori.ba023">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/Documents/Documents/Rezultati%20izbora%2096-2002/Rezultati2002/Puni/PartijskiGlasoviKantoniIOpcina-210.pdf |title= Opći izbori-konačni rezultati (General elections-final results) |author= |date= |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |accessdate=30 May 2013|language=hr}}</ref> | colspan="12" style="text-align: center;" | '''Sources:'''<ref name="Izbori.ba">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/Finalni2010/Finalni/SkupstineKantone/Nivo.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105102321/http://www.izbori.ba/Finalni2010/Finalni/SkupstineKantone/Nivo.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2010 |title=Verified results of the 2010 general elections: The Cantonal Assemblies in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Canton 10 |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=30 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Izbori.ba01">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/rezultati/konacni/kantoni/cantonsMainPage.asp?jed=210 |title=210-Skupština kantona 10 (210-Assembly of Canton 10) |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=30 May 2013|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="Izbori.ba023">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/Documents/Documents/Rezultati%20izbora%2096-2002/Rezultati2002/Puni/PartijskiGlasoviKantoniIOpcina-210.pdf |title= Opći izbori-konačni rezultati (General elections-final results) |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=30 May 2013|language=hr}}</ref><ref name="Izbori2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.izbori.ba/rezultati_izbora?resId=25&langId=4#/7/210/0/0/0 |title= Opći izbori-konačni rezultati (General elections-final results) |website=izbori.ba |publisher=Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=24 October 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|} |}


== Demographics == ==Demographics==
]
]
]
According to the ], 115.682 people inhabited the canton. Croats comprised 51.5%, Serbs comprised 35.7% and ] comprised 10.4% of the population. Croats overwhelmingly lived in the southeastern part of the canton (Livno, Kupres, Tomislavgrad), while Serbs lived in northwestern (Grahovo, Glamoč, Drvar). There was a significant population migration during the war (1992–95). In 1992, ] ] and the surrounding area, pushing away most of the non-Serb population. Croats returned at the end of 1994, after their forces ]. After ] ] Grahovo, Glamoč<ref name="BB366" /> and Drvar in the summer and fall of 1995, 12,000 to 14,000 Serbs fled to Banja Luka.<ref>{{harvnb|UNSC|3 August 1995|p=2}}</ref> Refugee Croats from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (fleeing Serb or Bosniak forces) settled in the abandoned area previously inhabited by the Serbs. After the war, under UN and peace implementation forces' pressure, Serb refugees returned to their homes.


In 2013, Canton's population included approximately 77% ], 13% ] and 9.6% ]; all other ethnicities combined made up the remaining <0.4%. Canton 10 had the largest share of ethnic Serbs in the ]. However, their number has steadily decreased since the conclusion of the ].
According to the 1991 census, 115,726 people inhabited the County. The absolute majority were Croats (54.5%), with Serbs making 32% of the total population. ] also had significant population making 11% of the total population.


=== 1991 Census ===
The exact demographic composition is not known because there has been no official census result since 1991 and there was significant population migration during the war.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Municipality ! rowspan="2" | Municipality
! colspan="4" | Nationality ! colspan="8" | Nationality
! rowspan="2" | Total ! rowspan="2" | Total
|- |-
! Croats ! Croats
! %
! Serbs ! Serbs
! %
! Muslims ! Muslims
! %
! Other ! Other
! %
|- |-
| ] | style="text-align:left;" | ]
| style="text-align: right" | 29,324 (72.22%) | 29,324 || 72.22
| style="text-align: right" | 3,913 (9.63%) | 3,913 || 9.63
| style="text-align: right" | 5,793 (14.26%) | 5,793 || 14.26
| style="text-align: right" | 1,570 (3.86%) | 1,570 || 3.87
| 40 600 (100%) | 40,600
|- |-
| ] | style="text-align:left;" | ]
| style="text-align: right" | 25,976 (86.56%) | 25,976 || 86.56
| style="text-align: right" | 576 (1.91%) | 576 || 1.91
| style="text-align: right" | 3,148 (10.49%) | 3,148 || 10.49
| style="text-align: right" | 109 (1.02%) | 309 || 1.02
| 30 009 (100%) | 30,009
|- |-
| ] | style="text-align:left;" | ]
| style="text-align: right" | 184 (1.46%) | 184 || 1.46
| style="text-align: right" | 9,951 (79.02%) | 9,951 || 79.02
| style="text-align: right" | 2,257 (17.92%) | 2,257 || 17.92
| style="text-align: right" | 211 (1.58%) | 201 || 1.58
| 12 593 (100%) | 12,593
|- |-
| ] | style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 3,812 || 43.19
| style="text-align: right" | 3,813 (39.64%)
| 4,081 || 46.23
| style="text-align: right" | 4,864 (50.57%)
| 802 || 9.08
| style="text-align: right" | 802 (8.33%)
| 131 || 1.47
| style="text-align: right" | 139 (1.43%)
| 8,826
| 9618 (100%)
|- |-
| ] | ]
| style="text-align: right" | 226 (2.71%) | 226 || 2.71
| style="text-align: right" | 7,888 (94.91%) | 7,888 || 94.91
| style="text-align: right" | 12 (0.14%) | 12 || 0.14
| style="text-align: right" | 185 (2.22%) | 185 || 2.22
| 8,311
| 8311 (100%)
|- |-
| ] | style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 31 || 0.20
| style="text-align: right" | 24 (0.29%)
| 14,846 || 96.76
| style="text-align: right" | 7,693 (95.52%)
| 29 || 0.18
| style="text-align: right" | 29 (0.36%)
| 437 || 2.86
| style="text-align: right" | 307 (3.80%)
| 15,343
| 8053 (100%)
|- |-
! Canton
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" | County
| 59,553 || 51.48
| 41,255 || 35.66
| 12,041 || 10.41
| 2,833 || 2.45
| 115,682
|}

=== 2013 Census ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
! rowspan="2" | Municipality
! colspan="8" | Nationality
! rowspan="2" | Total
|- |-
! Croats
| 59,547 (54.54%)
! %
| 34,885 (31.95%)
! Serbs
| 12,041 (11.03%)
! %
| 2,519 (2.31%)
! Bosniaks
| 109,184 (100%)
! %
! Other
! %
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" | <center>1991 census<center/>
| 29,273 || 85.76
| 438 || 1.28
| 4,047 || 11.85
| 216 || 0.63
| 34,133
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 29,006 || 91.81
| 22 || 0.06
| 2,467 || 7.80
| 30 || 0.09
| 31,592
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 906 || 23.47
| 1,679 || 43.49
| 1,251 || 32.40
| 13 || 0.33
| 3,860
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 4,474 || 88.47
| 318 || 6.28
| 255 || 5.04
| 5 || 0.09
| 5,057
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 393 || 16.04
| 2,028 || 82.80
| 6 || 0.24
| 10 || 0.40
| 2,449
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | ]
| 552 || 7.85
| 6,420 || 91.24
| 11 || 0.15
| 24 || 0.34
| 7,036
|-
! Canton
| 64,604 || 76.79
| 10,905 || 12.96
| 8,037 || 9.55
| 581 || 0.69
| 84,127
|} |}


==Economy== ==Economy==
]
Due to economic reasons (insufficient County revenues compared to expenses) unification with ] has been proposed.<ref>http://otvoreno.ba/vijesti/bosna-i-hercegovina/24166-ujedinjenje-upanija-poetak-spasa-hrvata-u-bih.html</ref><ref></ref>
The canton has significant natural resources, with large reserves of coal and timber, as well as hydro & wind power. Due to economic reasons (insufficient canton revenues compared to expenses) unification with ] has been proposed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://otvoreno.ba/vijesti/bosna-i-hercegovina/24166-ujedinjenje-upanija-poetak-spasa-hrvata-u-bih.html |title=Đokoviću pobjeda donosi svjetski tron |access-date=2009-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706131436/http://otvoreno.ba/vijesti/bosna-i-hercegovina/24166-ujedinjenje-upanija-poetak-spasa-hrvata-u-bih.html |archive-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref></ref>

The pre-war ], and certainly the war in this area, caused significant population fluctuations in the form of emigration to Western European countries or relocation to other areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The natural and geographical features of this area are diverse, from fertile and vast fields and vast pastures, rivers and lakes to centuries-old deciduous and evergreen forests, and provide abundant opportunities for life and economic development based on agricultural production, livestock and the timber industry. The ecologically clean and intact nature, the temperate continental climate, the geographical position and the proximity and good transport connections with other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighboring Croatia, especially ], which traditionally and economically gravitate, are important factors for the economic development of this area. The canton suffered severe damage during the last war and is one of the worst affected areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rebuilding process is slow and difficult, but the economy is already showing signs of recovery, mainly visible in the construction, wood processing industry, small business and handicrafts segment. Although commerce is still the dominant branch of the economy, in terms of the total number of companies (191 or 44.50% of the total of 429 active companies and 30% of total income).

Viewed from the revenue aspect of 1998 and 1999, there was a significant increase in construction, agriculture and forestry, as well as transportation, industry and mining. Commerce registered a decrease in income compared to 1998 by 2 index points, as well as a decrease in the participation in total income at the cantonal level from 44.80% in 1998 to 30% in 1999 in favor of other productive activities, and especially ] agriculture and forestry, especially if we take into account that the total income generated at the cantonal level in 1999 increased by 25% compared to 1998. All these are positive indicators of economic recovery and the basis of the expected future development.

The main economic branches of Canton 10 according to the number of employees are the wholesale and retail trade, the processing industry and agriculture, forestry and ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanton 10 u brojkama (Canton 10 in numbers)|url=http://fzs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KantBr10.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722125534/http://fzs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KantBr10.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2018 }}</ref>

The average salary in Canton 10 is 1168&nbsp;KM (2024). The highest average net ] is paid in Livno (1269&nbsp;KM) and the lowest in Drvar (928&nbsp;KM).


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |author=], Office of Russian and European Analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=it1IAQAAIAAJ |title=Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |isbn=9780160664724 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=50396958 |ref={{harvid|CIA|2002}} |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=}}
* {{Cite web |date=3 August 1995 |title=Report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to Security Council Resolution 981 (1995) |url=http://seagrass.goatchurch.org.uk/~undemocracy/cgi-bin/web2/trunk.py/S-1995-650.pdf |access-date=23 April 2013 |publisher=United Nations Security Council |ref={{harvid|UNSC|3 August 1995}} }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Canton 10}} {{Commons category|Canton 10}}
* *


{{Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} {{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 07:28, 23 October 2024

Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Canton 10Canton 10
Location of Canton 10
StatusCanton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
CapitalLivno (executive)
Tomislavgrad (legislative)
Largest cityLivno
Official languagesCroatianSerbianBosnian
Ethnic groups (2013)77.05% Croats
13.01% Serbs
9.58% Bosniaks
GovernmentParliamentary system
• Premier Ivan Vukadin (HNP)
• President of Assembly Jozo Ćosić (HDZ 1990)
LegislatureAssembly of Canton 10
Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Establishment 12 June 1996
Area
• Total4,934.9 km (1,905.4 sq mi)
Population
• 2013 census83,844
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Per capitaUSD 14.983
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• TotalUSD 155.642 Million
• Per capitaUSD 5.762
HDI (2019)0.740
high
CurrencyBAM
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Drives onRight
Website
vladahbz.com

Canton 10 (Croatian: Herceg-Bosanska županija, lit. 'Herceg-Bosnia County', Serbian: Кантон 10, Bosnian: Kanton 10) is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a political entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest canton by area and eighth by population. The local government seat is in Livno, while the assembly is in Tomislavgrad. It is divided into five municipalities: Bosansko Grahovo, Drvar, Glamoč, Kupres, Tomislavgrad and one city, Livno.

The canton was established in 1996, following the Washington Agreement of 1994, which ended the Croat-Bosniak War. The majority of the population is ethnically Croat, living in the southern part of the canton, while the second-largest Serbs live in the northern part.

During the Bosnian War, the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) controlled the southern parts of the canton, while other parts, mostly in the north, were controlled by the Serb Army of Republika Srpska until 1994 when they were re-taken by the HVO with the support from the Croatian Army. Per the Washington Agreement, the territories were incorporated into the Croat-Bosniak Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 1996 to 2005, only Croats and Bosniaks were considered to be constituent nations within the canton, but since 2005, the Serbs are included among the constituent nations as well and are mentioned as such before the less numerous Bosniaks.

Name, symbols and language

In Croatian, the term županija is used, while in Serbian and Bosnian, the term is kanton. The canton is officially referred to by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as Canton 10 (Kanton 10 or Županija 10). The local government refers to it as the Herzeg-Bosnia County and uses that name in the local constitution. This name was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation because the name is a characteristic shared by all the cantons in the sense that all of them are within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other names used at the national level include North Herzegovina Canton (Sjevernohercegovački kanton, Sjevernohercegovačka županija) and Livno Canton (Livanjski kanton), after its capital.

The coat of arms of the canton under its constitution is a variant of the historical Croatian coat of arms. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle. These symbols were used by the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. The West Herzegovina Canton also uses this flag and coat of arms. Their use as the official symbols of the canton was deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation, because "they only represented one constituent nation". The local government continues to use the flag and the coat of arms at plates at the official institutions.

Since 2005, the constitution lists the "languages spoken by Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks" as the official languages, without naming them, with both the Latin and the Cyrillic script having equal status.

History

Dalmatae have long resisted the Romans.

Originally occupied by the Dalmatae, the area of Canton 10 was annexed in 15 AD by the Roman Empire and formed part of the Roman province of Dalmatia. After the introduction of Christianity, Delminium (Tomislavgrad) is the seat of the bishopric.

These years also see the creation of the city of Livno. The first written appearance of the name of Livno was in 892 when it was mentioned as a seat of one of the counties of the Kingdom of Croatia. The region was attached in the ninth century to the Kingdom of the Croats and later in the 14th century to the Kingdom of Bosnia. After the death of the king of Bosnia, Tvrtko I in 1391, the power of the Kingdom of Bosnia gradually declined and the region was taken over by the Kingdom of Croatia, the state associated with the Kingdom of Hungary by a personal union.

In the 16th century, the region was fully integrated for four centuries within the Ottoman Empire. Under the Ottoman Empire, peasants who remained Catholic or Orthodox were hostile to Turkish officials and Islamised landowners.

In the nineteenth century, several uprisings and rebellions against Muslim authorities erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Suffering under oppression by the authorities and furious after the Muslim authorities had killed the Catholic spiritual leader of this region, Lovro Karaula, Franciscan priest, the Catholics of Livno rose up against Ottoman rule on July 20, 1875. Soon, the Catholics from across the region joined this uprising. The rebel leaders were two Franciscan priests, Stjepan Krešić and Bonaventura Šarić-Drženjak. For three years, the insurgency controlled the mountainous regions of Glamoč, Livno, Kupres and Grahovo. When the Austrian army arrived in the Livno region in 1878, the insurgents handed over their arms to the Austrians. The Austro-Hungarian troops met in this region an opposition, both of the Muslim population and the Orthodox population, fighting battles in the vicinity of Livno. The region was liberated at the end of the summer of 1878.

Austria-Hungary occupied the region militarily and Bosnia and Herzegovina after 1878 Berlin Congress. This period is marked by industrialization and Westernization. Architecturally, many public buildings were built and many Catholic religious buildings were erected that were banned during the Ottoman era.

Marshal Tito during the Second World War in Drvar, May 1944

After World War I, the area of Herzeg-Bosnia county was in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia. Most of the present-day area of Herzeg-Bosnia County belonged to the then-Travnik area in 1922, while the smaller northern parts belonged to the Bišćan area. After the introduction of the January 6 dictatorship and the division of the state into banovinas in 1929, most of the Croatian areas of Herzeg-Bosnia county became part of Primorska banovina with headquarters in Split, while the northern Serbian areas were annexed to Vrbas banovina, with headquarters in Banja Luka. With the creation of Croatian Banovina in 1939, all of Primorska Banovina became part of it, including the majority of Croat areas of Canton 10.

After the creation of the NDH and its administrative division, most of the area of today's Herzeg-Bosnia County was part of the Great Parish of Pliva and Rama with its seat in Jajce, while the smaller northern part belonged to the Great Parish of Krbava and Psata with its seat in Bihać. After the defeat of the Axis powers in 1945, the area of Herzeg-Bosnia County became part of the then-federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the democratic process, most of the Croatian municipalities in the county, Kupres, Livno and Tomislavgrad, became part of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.

With the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northern and western part of Herzeg-Bosnia County under the leadership of the SDS, the Serb majority areas sided with the Army of Republika Srpska killing Croats and Bosniaks in Drvar, Grahovo, Glamoč, attacking Kupres and shelling Livno and surrounding settlements. After the formation of HVO military units, first, the Kupres area was liberated. Croats and Bosniaks formed the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina through the Washington Agreement, which included the entire area of Herzeg-Bosnia County under HVO control, and a little later, in the summer of 1995, HVO and HV defeated Serb forces decisively. They attacked and captured Grahovo, Glamoč and Drvar, which, together with other victories of the HVO, HV and the RBiH Army, created the conditions for the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. After the war, Herzeg-Bosnia was self-abolished in 1996 and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was organized into counties. Herzeg-Bosnia County was the largest county in FBiH when it was created.

The Constitution of Herzeg-Bosnia Canton was adopted by the Cantonal Assembly on 19 December 1996.

Geography

Đuličan, Canton 10

The total area of the canton is approximately 4,934 square kilometres (1,910 sq mi), a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and c. 19% of the Federation. The region is located between Dalmatia to the west, Una-Sana Canton to the north, Central Bosnia Canton to the east and West Herzegovina Canton and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southeast.

The natural and geographical features of this area are diverse, ranging from fertile and vast fields and vast pastures, rivers and lakes to centuries-old deciduous and evergreen forests, and provide abundant opportunities for life and economic development based on agricultural production, livestock and the timber industry. The ecologically clean and unspoiled nature, the mild continental climate, the geographical position and the proximity and good transport connections with neighboring Croatia, i.e. its gateway to the world, Central Dalmatia, and the connection with the whole of Herzegovina, are important factors for economic progress in this area.

Topography

Further information: Dinaric Alps
Glamoč Field

The mountainous terrain of the region is a part of the Dinaric Alps, linked from a fold and thrust belt dating from the late Jurassic period, itself part of the Alpine orogeny, extending southeast from the southern Alps. The Dinarides form part of a chain of mountains that stretch across southern Europe and isolate Pannonian Basin from the Mediterranean Sea. The highest mountain of the Tropolje Dinarides is Mount Vran, located on the border of the municipalities of Tomislavgrad and Jablanica with the peak called Veliki Vran (Great Vran) at 2,074 metres (6,804 ft).

Highest mountains of Tropolje
Mountain Peak Elevation Coordinates
Vran Veliki Vran 2,074 m (6,804 ft) 43°40′4.8″N 17°30′18″E / 43.668000°N 17.50500°E / 43.668000; 17.50500
Vran Mali Vis 2,014 m (6,608 ft) 43°40′41.34″N 17°29′57.08″E / 43.6781500°N 17.4991889°E / 43.6781500; 17.4991889
Cincar Cincar 2,006 m (6,581 ft) 43°54′08″N 17°03′46″E / 43.90222°N 17.06278°E / 43.90222; 17.06278
Vran Crno Brdo 1,966 m (6,450 ft) 43°40′52.96″N 17°29′37.3″E / 43.6813778°N 17.493694°E / 43.6813778; 17.493694
Vran Mali Vran 1,961 m (6,434 ft) 43°39′8.8″N 17°17′27″E / 43.652444°N 17.29083°E / 43.652444; 17.29083
Vran Bijela Glava 1,949 m (6,394 ft) 43°39′34″N 17°29′56″E / 43.65944°N 17.49889°E / 43.65944; 17.49889
Vitorog Veliki Vitorog 1,907 m (6,257 ft) 44°7′12″N 17°2′45″E / 44.12000°N 17.04583°E / 44.12000; 17.04583
Golija Veliki Vrh 1,886 m (6,188 ft) 43°59′12″N 16°47′21″E / 43.98667°N 16.78917°E / 43.98667; 16.78917
Vran Priorac 1,881 m (6,171 ft) 43°39′37″N 17°28′27″E / 43.66028°N 17.47417°E / 43.66028; 17.47417
Šator Veliki Šator 1,872 m (6,142 ft) 44°9′26″N 13°35′23″E / 44.15722°N 13.58972°E / 44.15722; 13.58972

Political subdivisions

Municipalities of the Canton

Canton 10 includes 5 municipalities: Drvar, Bosansko Grahovo, Glamoč, Kupres, and Tomislavgrad and 1 township: Livno.

Coat of arms Municipality Population Area (km)
Bosansko Grahovo 2,449 780.0
Drvar 7,036 589.3
Glamoč 4,038 1033.6
Kupres 5,573 569.8
Livno 37,487 994.0
Tomislavgrad 33,032 967.4

Governance

The canton is governed by the Government of Canton 10 (Croatian: Vlada Hercegbosanske županije; Serbian Cyrillic: Влада Кантона 10; Bosnian: Vlada Kantona 10). The current government is a coalition led by the Croatian National Shift.

Government

The Government of the Canton 10 is led by the prime minister who has one deputy and it consists of seven ministries. The ministries have different seats, with two ministries being seated in Tomislavgrad, and the rest in Livno.

Position Portfolio Seat Officeholder Party
Prime Minister Livno Ivan Vukadin HNP
Minister Finance Tomislavgrad Ivan Ćubela HNP
Minister Internal Affairs Livno Mario Lovrić HNP
Minister Judiciary and Administration Livno Aleksandar Rodić SNSD
Minister Economy Livno Miroslav Jaglica SPS FBiH
Minister Construction, Urban Development, and Environment Livno Sead Hadžijahić SDA
Minister Science, Education, Culture, and Sports Livno Ante Tadić HNP
Minister Labour, Healthcare, Social Care, and Refugees Tomislavgrad Dijana Novković Pećanac SNSD
Minister Agriculture, Water Management, and Forestry Livno Božo Perić HDZ 1990

Cantonal Assembly

Cantonal Assembly in Tomislavgrad

The Cantonal Assembly (Croatian: Županijska skupština, Bosnian and Serbian: Kantonalna skupština/Кантонална скупштина) is the parliament of the Canton 10. It consists of 25 representatives elected by proportional representation for four-year terms of office.

    Political party Assembly members
2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 currently
  Croatian National Shift (HNP) - - - - - 5 5 / 25
  Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH) 13 5 9 9 8 5 4 / 25
  Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ 1990) - 6 4 4 4 4 4 / 25
  Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) 3 5 3 3 3 2 2 / 25
  Croatian Independent List (HNL) - - - 2 3 2 2 / 25
  Party of Democratic Action (SDA) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 / 25
  Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH) 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 / 25
  Serbian Progressive Party FBiH (SNS) - - - - 1 1 1 / 25
  Serb National Movement - - - - - 1 1 / 25
  Croatian Republican Party (HRS) - - - - 1 1 1 / 25
  Independent - - - - - - 1 / 25
Sources:

Demographics

Church of Saint Nicholas Tavelic, a Croatian Franciscan friar
Ethnic composition of Canton 10 in 2013. Serbs in blue, Croats in orange, Bosniaks in green
The Serbian National Folk Dance Ensemble Kolo from Glamoč

According to the 1991 census, 115.682 people inhabited the canton. Croats comprised 51.5%, Serbs comprised 35.7% and Bosnian Muslims comprised 10.4% of the population. Croats overwhelmingly lived in the southeastern part of the canton (Livno, Kupres, Tomislavgrad), while Serbs lived in northwestern (Grahovo, Glamoč, Drvar). There was a significant population migration during the war (1992–95). In 1992, Serb forces captured Kupres and the surrounding area, pushing away most of the non-Serb population. Croats returned at the end of 1994, after their forces have retaken Kupres. After Croat forces captured Grahovo, Glamoč and Drvar in the summer and fall of 1995, 12,000 to 14,000 Serbs fled to Banja Luka. Refugee Croats from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (fleeing Serb or Bosniak forces) settled in the abandoned area previously inhabited by the Serbs. After the war, under UN and peace implementation forces' pressure, Serb refugees returned to their homes.

In 2013, Canton's population included approximately 77% Croats, 13% Serbs and 9.6% Bosniaks; all other ethnicities combined made up the remaining <0.4%. Canton 10 had the largest share of ethnic Serbs in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, their number has steadily decreased since the conclusion of the Bosnian War.

1991 Census

Municipality Nationality Total
Croats % Serbs % Muslims % Other %
Livno 29,324 72.22 3,913 9.63 5,793 14.26 1,570 3.87 40,600
Tomislavgrad 25,976 86.56 576 1.91 3,148 10.49 309 1.02 30,009
Glamoč 184 1.46 9,951 79.02 2,257 17.92 201 1.58 12,593
Kupres 3,812 43.19 4,081 46.23 802 9.08 131 1.47 8,826
Bosansko Grahovo 226 2.71 7,888 94.91 12 0.14 185 2.22 8,311
Drvar 31 0.20 14,846 96.76 29 0.18 437 2.86 15,343
Canton 59,553 51.48 41,255 35.66 12,041 10.41 2,833 2.45 115,682

2013 Census

Municipality Nationality Total
Croats % Serbs % Bosniaks % Other %
Livno 29,273 85.76 438 1.28 4,047 11.85 216 0.63 34,133
Tomislavgrad 29,006 91.81 22 0.06 2,467 7.80 30 0.09 31,592
Glamoč 906 23.47 1,679 43.49 1,251 32.40 13 0.33 3,860
Kupres 4,474 88.47 318 6.28 255 5.04 5 0.09 5,057
Bosansko Grahovo 393 16.04 2,028 82.80 6 0.24 10 0.40 2,449
Drvar 552 7.85 6,420 91.24 11 0.15 24 0.34 7,036
Canton 64,604 76.79 10,905 12.96 8,037 9.55 581 0.69 84,127

Economy

Tourist map of Canton 10

The canton has significant natural resources, with large reserves of coal and timber, as well as hydro & wind power. Due to economic reasons (insufficient canton revenues compared to expenses) unification with West Herzegovina Canton has been proposed.

The pre-war economic recession, and certainly the war in this area, caused significant population fluctuations in the form of emigration to Western European countries or relocation to other areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The natural and geographical features of this area are diverse, from fertile and vast fields and vast pastures, rivers and lakes to centuries-old deciduous and evergreen forests, and provide abundant opportunities for life and economic development based on agricultural production, livestock and the timber industry. The ecologically clean and intact nature, the temperate continental climate, the geographical position and the proximity and good transport connections with other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighboring Croatia, especially Dalmatia, which traditionally and economically gravitate, are important factors for the economic development of this area. The canton suffered severe damage during the last war and is one of the worst affected areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rebuilding process is slow and difficult, but the economy is already showing signs of recovery, mainly visible in the construction, wood processing industry, small business and handicrafts segment. Although commerce is still the dominant branch of the economy, in terms of the total number of companies (191 or 44.50% of the total of 429 active companies and 30% of total income).

Viewed from the revenue aspect of 1998 and 1999, there was a significant increase in construction, agriculture and forestry, as well as transportation, industry and mining. Commerce registered a decrease in income compared to 1998 by 2 index points, as well as a decrease in the participation in total income at the cantonal level from 44.80% in 1998 to 30% in 1999 in favor of other productive activities, and especially construction agriculture and forestry, especially if we take into account that the total income generated at the cantonal level in 1999 increased by 25% compared to 1998. All these are positive indicators of economic recovery and the basis of the expected future development.

The main economic branches of Canton 10 according to the number of employees are the wholesale and retail trade, the processing industry and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

The average salary in Canton 10 is 1168 KM (2024). The highest average net salary is paid in Livno (1269 KM) and the lowest in Drvar (928 KM).

See also

References

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Sources

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