Herzegovina-Neretva Canton: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
	\|conventional_long_name = Herzegovina-Neretva Canton		\| conventional_long_name = Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
	\|native_name = Hercegovačko-~~neretvanska~~ ~~županija~~{{-}}Hercegovačko-~~neretvanski~~ ~~kanton~~		\| native_name = Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton<br /> Херцеговачко-неретвански кантон{{Clear}}Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija
	\|common_name = Herzegovina-Neretva		\| common_name = Herzegovina-Neretva
	\|status = ]		\| status = ]
	\|image_flag = Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg		\| image_flag = Flag of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg
			\| image_coat = Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg
	\|alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
			\| image_map = Herzegovina-Neretva in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
	\|flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
			\| capital = ]
	\|image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
	\|~~alt_flag2~~ = ~~<!--alt~~ ~~text~~ ~~for~~ ~~second~~ ~~flag-->~~		\| latd =
	\|~~flag2_border~~ = ~~<!--set~~ to no to ~~disable~~ ~~border~~ ~~around~~ ~~the~~ ~~flag-->~~		\| latm =
			\| latNS =
	\|image_coat = Coat of arms of Herzegovina-Neretva.svg
	\|~~alt_coat~~ = ~~<!--alt~~ ~~text~~ ~~for~~ ~~coat~~ of ~~arms-->~~		\| longd =
	\|~~symbol_type~~ = ~~<!--emblem,~~ ~~seal,~~ ~~etc~~ ~~(if~~ ~~not~~ a ~~coat~~ of ~~arms)-->~~		\| longm =
			\| longEW = <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction-->
	\|national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
			\| largest_city = ]
	\|englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto-->
			\| official_languages = ] and ]
	\|national_anthem = <!--in italics (double quotemarks) and wikilinked if link exists-->
			\| ethnic_groups = 53.29% ]{{Clear}}41.44% ]{{Clear}}2.90% ]{{Clear}}2.37% others
	\|royal_anthem = <!--in italics (double quotemarks) and wikilinked if link exists-->
			\| ethnic_groups_year = 2013<ref>{{cite book\|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS\|publisher=BHAS\|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf\|access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref>
	\|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
			\| religion = <!--Religion-->
	\|other_symbol =
			\| demonym =
	\|image_map = Herzegovina-Neretva in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
			\| government_type = ]
	\|loctext = <!--text description of location of country-->
			\| leader_title1 = ]
	\|alt_map = <!--alt text for map-->
			\| leader_name1 = ] (])
	\|map_caption = <!--Caption to place below map-->
			\| legislature = Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County
	\|image_map2 = <!--Another map, if required-->
	\|~~alt_map2~~ = ~~<!--alt text for~~ ~~second~~ ~~map-->~~		\| leader_title2 = President of Assembly
			\| leader_name2 = Džafer Alić (])
	\|map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map-->
			\| sovereignty_type = ]
	\|capital = ]
			\| sovereignty_note =
	\|capital2 = <!--Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists-->
			\| established_event1 = Establishment
	\|latd= \| latm= \| latNS= \|longd= \|longm= \|longEW= <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction-->
			\| established_date1 = 12 June 1996
	\|largest_city = ]
			\| established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
	\|official_languages = ] and ]
			\| established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event-->
	\|ethnic_groups = 40.48% ]{{-}}31.21% ]{{-}}14.47% ]{{-}}6.05% ]{{-}}1.79% others
			\| area_rank =
	\|ethnic_groups_year = 1991
			\| area_km2 = 4401
	\|nationalities = 40.48% Croats{{-}}31.21% Bosniaks{{-}}14.47% Serbs{{-}}6.05% Yugoslavs{{-}}1.79% others
	\|~~religion~~ = ~~<!--Religion-->~~		\| area_sq_mi = 1699
			\| percent_water =
	\|demonym = Herzegovnian-Neretvanian
			\| population_estimate =
	\|government_type = ]
			\| population_estimate_rank =
	\|leader_title1 = Prime Minister
			\| population_estimate_year =
	\|leader_name1 = ]
			\| population_census = 222,007
	\|legislature = Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County
			\| population_census_year = 2013
	\|sovereignty_type = ]
			\| population_density_km2 = 53.69
	\|sovereignty_note =
			\| population_density_sq_mi = 139.07
	\|established_event1 = Establishment
			\| population_density_rank =
	\|established_date1 = 12 June 1996
			\| nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
	\|established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
			\| GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
	\|established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event-->
			\| GDP_PPP_rank =
	\|area_rank =
			\| GDP_PPP_year = 2022
	\|area_km2 = 4401
			\| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $20,532
	\|area_sq_mi = 1699
			\| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
	\|percent_water =
			\| GDP_nominal =
	\|population_estimate =
			\| GDP_nominal_rank =
	\|population_estimate_rank =
			\| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
	\|population_estimate_year =
			\| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,871
	\|population_census = 236,278
			\| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
	\|population_census_year = 2013
			\| Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
	\|population_density_km2 = 53.69
			\| Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
	\|population_density_sq_mi = 139.07
			\| Gini_rank =
	\|population_density_rank =
			\| Gini_year =
	\|nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
			\| HDI_year = 2019
	\|GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
			\| HDI = 0.800
	\|GDP_PPP_rank =
			\| HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
	\|GDP_PPP_year =
			\| HDI_rank =
	\|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
			\| HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
	\|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
			\| currency = ]
	\|GDP_nominal = ] 1,184.630
			\| currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
	\|GDP_nominal_rank =
			\| time_zone = ]
	\|GDP_nominal_year = 2011
			\| utc_offset = +1
	\|GDP_nominal_per_capita = ] 5013.71
			\| time_zone_DST = ]
	\|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
			\| utc_offset_DST = +2
	\|Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
			\| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy
	\|Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
			\| drives_on = right
	\|Gini_rank =
	\|Gini_year =
	\|HDI_year = <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
	\|HDI = <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)-->
	\|HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
	\|HDI_rank =
	\|HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
	\|currency = ]
	\|currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
	\|time_zone = CET
	\|utc_offset = +1
	\|time_zone_DST = <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
	\|utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
	\|DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
	\|antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
	\|date_format = <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc)-->
	\|drives_on = <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)-->
	\|cctld = <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. ], ], etc)
	\|iso3166code = Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
	\|calling_code = <!--e.g. ], ], ], etc-->
	\|image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
	\|alt_map3 = <!--alt text for third map position-->
	\|footnote_a = <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
	\|footnote_b = <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
	<!--......-->
	\|footnote_h = <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
	\|footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
	}}		}}
	].]]
	The '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton''', officially the '''Herzegovina-Neretva County-Canton'''<ref name="Constitution (Croatian)"> Official name of canton is '''Herzegovina-Neretva County-Canton'''</ref> (]: ''Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija-kanton''<ref name="Constitution (Croatian)" />) and '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton'''<ref name="Constitution (Bosnian)"> Official name of canton is '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton'''</ref> (]: ''Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton''<ref name="Constitution (Bosnian)" />) is the seventh of 10 ] of the ] in ].

			The '''Herzegovina-Neretva Canton''' ({{langx\|hr\|Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija}};<ref name="Constitution (Croatian)">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav \|title=The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian) \|access-date=2012-03-19 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924235748/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav \|archive-date=2011-09-24 \|url-status=dead }})</ref> {{langx\|bs\|Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton}})<ref name="Constitution (Bosnian)">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav \|title=The Constitution of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Bosnian) \|access-date=2012-03-19 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924235748/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/home.php?mod=ustav \|archive-date=2011-09-24 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> is one of 10 ] in ].
	The canton mainly comprises the ] river ] area and parts of ] west of ], its administrative center.

			The canton mainly comprises the ] river ] area and parts of ] west of ], its administrative center. It is one of the 4 cantons in the country with a Croatian majority (53.29%), although in the case of this territory it is more ethnically divided and is considered to have a mixed population.
	==Municipalities==

			== History ==
	The canton is split into the municipalities of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].
			Before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the present-day municipalities of East Mostar and Berkovići were part of Mostar and Stolac, while Ivanica was part of the municipality of Trebinje.

			The history of today's Herzegovina-Neretva Canton begins on 18 March 1994, with the signing of the ]. The canton was officially constituted on 23 December 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Skuhan, Jasmin (16. 4. 2012). "Ustav HNŽ". VLADA HNŽ-K.\|url=http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/hr/ustav/ustav-hn%C5%BE\|access-date=2021-05-28\|archive-date=2017-12-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202211951/http://www.vlada-hnz-k.ba/hr/ustav/ustav-hn%C5%BE\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

			==Geography ==
			], Mostar]]

	==Geography and features==
	] municipality]]
	The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the ], a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years.		The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the ], a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years.

			The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, ], which was constructed by the area's ] rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction, it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including ], the President of Croatia.
	], ]]]
	The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, ], which was constructed by the area's ] rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including ], the President of Croatia.

	Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and the ~~world~~ ~~famous~~ Marian ~~Shrine~~ of ]. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during ] and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles.		Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and ], the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during ] and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles.

	The ] river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The ~~southern most~~ municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the ~~eastern most~~ municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia.		The ] river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton, such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia.

			===Municipalities===
			The canton is split into the municipalities of
			]
			* ],
			* ],
			* ],
			* ],
			* ],
			* ],
			* ],
			* ]
			* and ].

	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons,~~{{Citation needed\|reason=So other cantons are all populated by only one ethnic group? This claim needs a citation from a reliable source.\|date=February 2014}}~~ the other being the ], ~~which~~ ~~have~~ an ~~ethnically mixed population of~~ ] and ] ~~peoples~~. In ~~ethnically~~ ~~mixed Cantons~~ there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups.		Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the ], nearly equally populated by ]s and ]s. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups.

			]
	Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama, Ravno and Stolac.{{Citation needed\|reason=This claim needs a citation from a reliable source.\|date=February 2014}} Bosniaks form a majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.{{Citation needed\|reason=This claim needs a citation from a reliable source.\|date=February 2014}} The municipality of Mostar in the central part of the canton has a majority of Bosniaks on the east side and a majority of Croats on the west side of the river Neretva.{{Citation needed\|reason=This claim needs a citation from a reliable source.\|date=February 2014}}

			Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.statistika.ba/ \|title=Home \|website=statistika.ba}}</ref>
	==See also==

	*]
			===2013 Census===
	*]
			{\| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
	*]
			! rowspan="2" \| Municipality
	*]
			! colspan="6" \| Nationality
	*]
			! rowspan="2" \| Total
	*]
			\|-
	*]
			! Bosniaks
	*]
			! %
	*]
			! Croats
			! %
			! Serbs
			! %
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 4,541 \|\| 17.36
			\| 20,538 \|\| 78.51
			\| 714 \|\| 2.72
			\| 26,157
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 29 \|\| 0.15
			\| 17,900 \|\| 98.67
			\| 18 \|\| 0.09
			\| 18,140
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 9,045 \|\| 89.45
			\| 726 \|\| 7.18
			\| 63 \|\| 0.62
			\| 10,111
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 22,486 \|\| 89.41
			\| 1,553 \|\| 6.17
			\| 355 \|\| 1.41
			\| 25,148
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 46,752 \|\| 44.19
			\| 51,216 \|\| 48.40
			\| 4,421 \|\| 4.17
			\| 113,169
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 63 \|\| 1.35
			\| 4,543 \|\| 97.63
			\| 21 \|\| 0.45
			\| 4,653
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 3,525 \|\| 24.69
			\| 10,702 \|\| 74.94
			\| 3 \|\| 0.02
			\| 14,280
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 20 \|\| 0.62
			\| 2,633 \|\| 81.79
			\| 558 \|\| 17.33
			\| 3,219
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 5,544 \|\| 38.22
			\| 8,486 \|\| 58.51
			\| 279 \|\| 1.92
			\| 14,502
			\|-
			! Canton
			\| 92,005 \|\| 41.44
			\| 118,297 \|\| 53.28
			\| 6,432 \|\| 2.89
			\| 222,007
			\|}
			]

			== Politics and government ==
			According to the current law, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

			The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has its own ], executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, it has its own ], assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided. between cantonal and federal authorities (health, social protection, ]).

			The citizens of the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva vote for a total of 30 representatives in the Cantonal Assembly every four years in general elections. Based on the results of the ], the current HNK government is formed by a coalition between the ] (HDZ BiH), the ] (SDA) and the ] (SDP BiH).<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2023-11-09\|title=U Mostaru nakon devet godina imenovana nova Vlada HNK, činit će je HDZ, SDP i SDA\|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/u-mostaru-nakon-devet-godina-imenovana-nova-vlada-hnk-cinit-ce-je-hdz-sdp-i-sda/231109086\|access-date=2023-11-09\|website=Klix.ba\|language=bs-BA}}</ref>

			At the local level, citizens of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton vote every four years in municipal elections for local government in four cities and five other municipalities.

			== Economy ==
			The strongest industries by number of employees in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (as of August 2017) are wholesale and retail trade, ], and hotels and restaurants. The economic headquarters of the canton is its capital, Mostar.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Statistički bilten za Novembar 2017 (November 2017 Statistical Bulletin).\|url=https://www.szzhnz-k.ba/pdf/bilteni/bs/2017/11.pdf}}</ref>

			=== Industry ===
			After the tertiary sector, the manufacturing sector is the strongest sector of the economy of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The strongest branches of this sector are the processing industry and ] production.

			The manufacturing industry has a total of 6,798 employees (August 2017). The strongest industries are military (e.g. Igman in Konjic), metal processing industry (e.g. ] in Mostar) and ] (e.g. Hepok in Mostar).

			Electricity generation is also an important industry, this is carried out in the mainly in hydroelectric power plants on the Neretva River and its tributaries, which are mostly owned by ] (most of the electricity produced comes from these hydroelectric power plants).

			=== Tourism ===
			]
			The canton of Herzegovina-Neretva, with its nature parks and numerous natural beauties, has great tourism potential. According to the Federal Statistical Office, in 2014 the canton was visited by 104,006 ] and 208,647 overnight stays were made. The biggest tourist attractions in the region are the old town of Mostar, Blagaj near Mostar, Medjugorje and Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only outlet to the sea).<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton u brojkama (Canton of Herzegovina-Neretva in figures)\|url=http://fzs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KantBr7.pdf}}</ref>

			== Transportation ==

			=== Roads ===
			The following main roads and highways pass through the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva:

			* From west to east: Main road M2 (Klek-Zaton Doli), M6 (Grude-Trebinje) and M6.1 (Resanovci-Gacko).
			* From south to north: ] A1 (Svilaj-Bijača), main road M17 (Bosanski Šamac-Čapljina) and M17.3 (Čapljina-Neum).

			The total length of roads in the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva is 362.68 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Mreža Magistralnih Cesta u FBiH\|url=https://jpdcfbh.ba/bs/aktivnosti/mreza-magistralnih-cesta/37\|access-date=2021-05-28\|website=BIHAMK.BA\|language=bs}}</ref>

			=== Railroad ===
			The Ploče-Sarajevo railroad passes through the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, to which Konjic, Mostar, Jablanica and Čapljina are connected. The length of the railroad in the region is 126.2 kilometers, while the total number of ] stations and stops is 28, three of which are connected to the high-speed rail network.

			=== Air traffic ===
			] (OMO) is the third busiest airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina after Sarajevo and Tuzla airports, with a total of 53,618 ] (2016).<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Tuzla bilježi 30 puta više putnika od Banjaluke u martu, banjalučki aerodrom imao najmanje putnika u 2016.godini!\|url=https://www.6yka.com/novosti/tuzla-biljezi-30-puta-vise-putnika-od-banjaluke-u-martu-banjalucki-aerodrom-imao-najmanje-putnika-u-2016godini\|access-date=2021-05-28\|website=www.6yka.com}}</ref>

			== Education ==
			]]]
			There are a total of 33 secondary schools (28 state and five private) and numerous elementary schools in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. There are a total of three universities in this canton:

			* ] with 14,000 students and ten faculties.
			* ] with 3,000 students and eight faculties.
			* Private university "Herzegovina" in Medjugorje and Mostar with two ].

			== See also ==
	*]		*]

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{Cantons of Bosnia}}		{{Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
	{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}		{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
			{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 12:03, 23 November 2024

Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Herzegovina-Neretva CantonHercegovačko-neretvanski kanton Херцеговачко-неретвански кантонHercegovačko-neretvanska županija
Flag Coat of arms

Status	Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capitaland largest city	Mostar
Official languages	Croatian and Bosnian
Ethnic groups (2013)	53.29% Croats41.44% Bosniaks2.90% Serbs2.37% others
Government	Parliamentary system

• Premier	Marija Buhač (HDZ BiH)
• President of Assembly	Džafer Alić (SDA)

Legislature	Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County
Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Establishment	12 June 1996

Area
• Total	4,401 km (1,699 sq mi)
Population
• 2013 census	222,007
• Density	53.69/km (139.1/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Per capita	$20,532
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Per capita	$7,871
HDI (2019)	0.800 very high
Currency	BAM
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Drives on	Right

The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian: Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija; Bosnian: Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton) is one of 10 cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The canton mainly comprises the Neretva river valley area and parts of Herzegovina west of Mostar, its administrative center. It is one of the 4 cantons in the country with a Croatian majority (53.29%), although in the case of this territory it is more ethnically divided and is considered to have a mixed population.

History

Before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the present-day municipalities of East Mostar and Berkovići were part of Mostar and Stolac, while Ivanica was part of the municipality of Trebinje.

The history of today's Herzegovina-Neretva Canton begins on 18 March 1994, with the signing of the Washington Agreement. The canton was officially constituted on 23 December 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Geography

The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the Illyrians, a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years.

The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, Stari Most, which was constructed by the area's Ottoman rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction, it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including Stjepan Mesić, the President of Croatia.

Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and Međugorje, the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during World War II and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles.

The Neretva river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton, such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia.

Municipalities

The canton is split into the municipalities of

Demographics

Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the Central Bosnia Canton, nearly equally populated by Bosniaks and Croats. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups.

Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.

2013 Census

Municipality	Nationality						Total
Municipality	Bosniaks	%	Croats	%	Serbs	%	Total
Čapljina	4,541	17.36	20,538	78.51	714	2.72	26,157
Čitluk	29	0.15	17,900	98.67	18	0.09	18,140
Jablanica	9,045	89.45	726	7.18	63	0.62	10,111
Konjic	22,486	89.41	1,553	6.17	355	1.41	25,148
Mostar	46,752	44.19	51,216	48.40	4,421	4.17	113,169
Neum	63	1.35	4,543	97.63	21	0.45	4,653
Prozor-Rama	3,525	24.69	10,702	74.94	3	0.02	14,280
Ravno	20	0.62	2,633	81.79	558	17.33	3,219
Stolac	5,544	38.22	8,486	58.51	279	1.92	14,502
Canton	92,005	41.44	118,297	53.28	6,432	2.89	222,007

Politics and government

According to the current law, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has its own legislative, executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, it has its own constitution, assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided. between cantonal and federal authorities (health, social protection, transport).

The citizens of the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva vote for a total of 30 representatives in the Cantonal Assembly every four years in general elections. Based on the results of the 2022 general election, the current HNK government is formed by a coalition between the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH), the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH).

At the local level, citizens of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton vote every four years in municipal elections for local government in four cities and five other municipalities.

Economy

The strongest industries by number of employees in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (as of August 2017) are wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, and hotels and restaurants. The economic headquarters of the canton is its capital, Mostar.

Industry

After the tertiary sector, the manufacturing sector is the strongest sector of the economy of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The strongest branches of this sector are the processing industry and electricity production.

The manufacturing industry has a total of 6,798 employees (August 2017). The strongest industries are military (e.g. Igman in Konjic), metal processing industry (e.g. Aluminij in Mostar) and food industry (e.g. Hepok in Mostar).

Electricity generation is also an important industry, this is carried out in the mainly in hydroelectric power plants on the Neretva River and its tributaries, which are mostly owned by Elektroprivreda HZHB (most of the electricity produced comes from these hydroelectric power plants).

Tourism

The canton of Herzegovina-Neretva, with its nature parks and numerous natural beauties, has great tourism potential. According to the Federal Statistical Office, in 2014 the canton was visited by 104,006 foreign tourists and 208,647 overnight stays were made. The biggest tourist attractions in the region are the old town of Mostar, Blagaj near Mostar, Medjugorje and Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only outlet to the sea).

Transportation

Roads

The following main roads and highways pass through the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva:

From west to east: Main road M2 (Klek-Zaton Doli), M6 (Grude-Trebinje) and M6.1 (Resanovci-Gacko).
From south to north: highway A1 (Svilaj-Bijača), main road M17 (Bosanski Šamac-Čapljina) and M17.3 (Čapljina-Neum).

The total length of roads in the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva is 362.68 kilometers.

Railroad

The Ploče-Sarajevo railroad passes through the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, to which Konjic, Mostar, Jablanica and Čapljina are connected. The length of the railroad in the region is 126.2 kilometers, while the total number of railway stations and stops is 28, three of which are connected to the high-speed rail network.

Air traffic

Mostar International Airport (OMO) is the third busiest airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina after Sarajevo and Tuzla airports, with a total of 53,618 passengers (2016).

Education

There are a total of 33 secondary schools (28 state and five private) and numerous elementary schools in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. There are a total of three universities in this canton: