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{{Short description|1705 conflict in the Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
{{pp-pc1|expiry=indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict {{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Battle Of Muktsar | conflict = Battle of Muktsar
|image= ] | image = ]
|caption= | caption =
|partof=] | partof = ]
|date= 29 December, 1705<ref>http://sikhism.about.com/od/Historic-Events/p/Battle-Of-Muktsar.htm. commemoration varies with some marking the day on 15 April</ref> | date = 29 December 1705<ref>http://sikhism.about.com/od/Historic-Events/p/Battle-Of-Muktsar.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906142851/http://sikhism.about.com/od/Historic-Events/p/Battle-Of-Muktsar.htm |date=6 September 2015 }}. commemoration varies with some marking the day on 15 April</ref>
|place=Near the pool of Khidrānā (later Muktsar) | place = Near the pool of Khidrānā (later Muktsar) now ]
|result= 40 Sikhs killed revered as Martyred, one survived and fled. Mughals, however, were held off,Wazir Khan was repulsed.<ref>{{cite book|quote=Sikh Guru Gobind Singh relentlessly pursued by Mughal forces after battle in 1704 at Anandpur and Chamkaur was attacked in a semi desert area of the Punjab at Khidrana ki Dhabi ( modern Mukatsar) south of Ferozepur.'''The Mughals were held Off''' in this final battle, but 40!sikhs of Majha who deserted the Guru at Anadpur died to a Man and are revered as Martrs|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA695|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|page=695|author= Jacques, Tony|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|page=65|author=Fenech, E. Louis, Mcleod, H. W.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|quote=Mukatsar-in 1705 at Khidrana, South of Faridkot, Vazir Khan caught up with army of Guru Gobind Singh but was repulsed}}</ref> | result = Sikh victory<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA695|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|page=695|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|page=65 |author=Fenech, E. Louis |author2=Mcleod, H. W.|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1}}</ref>
|combatant1=]]s | combatant1 = ] ]
|combatant2=]] | combatant2 = ] ] (])
|commander1=]Wazir Khan (Mughal Governor of Punjab) | commander1 = ] ]
|commander2=]]<br>]]<br>]Mahan Singh | commander2 = ] ]<br /> ] ] {{WIA}}<br /> ] Mahan Singh{{KIA}}<br /> ] ]
| strength1 = 7,000<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saggu |first=D. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghlfDwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+muktsar&pg=PT39 |title=Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs |date=2018-06-07 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64249-006-0 |language=en |quote=In contrast Mughals were 7000.}}</ref>– 12,000<ref>{{Cite book|title=History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study|author=Surjit Singh Gandhi|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhGurus-AComprehensiveStudy/page/450/mode/2up|year=1978|pages=451}}</ref>
|strength1= Unknown
|strength2= 41 | strength2 = 40 mukte and ]
1300 soldiers under ] and Daan Singh
|casualties1= Unconfirmed
| casualties1 = 3,000 killed<ref>{{Cite book|title=Life Of Guru Gobind Singh|author=Kartar Singh|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.54319/page/253/mode/2up|year=1951|pages=253|publisher=Lahore Book Shop. }}</ref>
|casualties2= 40
| casualties2 = 40 mukhte, 260 other soldiers<ref>{{Cite book |last=VSM |first=D. S. Saggu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghlfDwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+muktsar&pg=PT39 |title=Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs |date=2018-06-07 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64249-006-0 |language=en |quote=over three hundred men were killed.}}</ref>
|}} }}
⚫ {{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}


The '''Battle of Muktsar''' or '''Battle of Khidrāne Dee Dhāb''' took place on 29 December 1705,<ref>History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E Surjit Singh Gandhi </ref> (29 ]) following the siege of ]. In 1704, Anandpur was under an extended siege by the allied forces of the ]s and the hill chiefs.<ref name=shrines>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MS93PR4itX8C&pg=PA46&dq=Battle+of+Muktsar&as_brr=3|title=Holy Sikh Shrines|author=Surinder Singh Johar|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=1998|page=46|isbn=978-81-7533-073-3}}</ref> The '''Battle of Sri Muktsar Sahib''' '''(Muktsar)''' or '''Battle of Khidrāne Dee Dhāb''' took place on 29 December 1705,<ref></ref> (29 ]) following the siege of ] Sahib. In 1704, Anandpur Sahib was under an extended siege by the allied forces of the ]s and the ].<ref name=shrines>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MS93PR4itX8C&dq=Battle+of+Muktsar&pg=PA46|title=Holy Sikh Shrines|author=Surinder Singh Johar|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=1998|page=46|isbn=978-81-7533-073-3}}</ref>


== History ==
During the siege 40 men, led by Bhai Maha Singh, wrote letters of ''bedava'' (abandonment of a Sikh from his Guru<ref name=SE>{{cite web|title=Bedava|url=http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/bhai-gurdas-and-the-early-sikh-literature/bedava|publisher=The Sikh Encyclopedia|accessdate=24 September 2013}}</ref>) to ], and fled the village. They arrived in the village of ] where a local woman named ], upon hearing their tale of desertion, shamed them into returning to battle. During the siege 40 Sikhs, led by Maha Singh, wrote letters of ''bedava'' (abandonment of a Sikh from his Guru<ref name=SE>{{cite web|title=Bedava|date=19 December 2000 |url=http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/bhai-gurdas-and-the-early-sikh-literature/bedava|publisher=The Sikh Encyclopedia|access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref>) to ] ji. They arrived in the village of ] where a Sikh woman named ], upon hearing their tale of ], motivated them into returning to Guru ji at Anandpur Sahib.


The 40 deserters with Mai Bhago returned to seek out Guru Gobind Singh, and joined him near ''Khidrāne Dee Dhāb'' preparing for battle against the Mughals. They fought and died in the following battle. The guru, finding the dying Maha Singh on the battlefield after the battle, forgave him and his compatriots, tore up their letters of ''bedava'', and blessed them for their service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info-sikh.com/PageMukht.html|title=Chali Muktay: The Forty Liberated Ones|accessdate=29 August 2014|work=Sikh Information}}</ref> The place was later renamed ], literally meaning ''The Pool of Liberation''.<ref name=civ>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KxndvJs3wUkC&pg=PA106&dq=Battle+of+Muktsar&as_brr=3|title=Sikhism And Indian Civilization|author=R. K. Pruthi|page=106|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7141-879-4}}</ref><ref name=brief>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=edT9ZBiroCQC&pg=PA171&dq=Battle+of+Muktsar&as_brr=3|title=A brief guide to beliefs|author=Linda Edwards|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=0-664-22259-5}}</ref> Mai Bhago survived the battle and stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh Ji as one of his bodyguards. The ] is held at the holy city of Muktsar Sahib every year in memory of the forty Sikh martyrs. The 40 deserters with Mai Bhag Kaur returned to seek out Guru Gobind Singh ji, and joined him near ''Khidrāne Dee Dhāb'' preparing for battle against the Mughals. They fought the Mughals<ref>{{cite book|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|year=2001|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7629-300-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIL4xwcCmxkC}}</ref> and died in the following battle. The guru, finding the dying Maha Singh on the battlefield after the battle, forgave him and his compatriots, tore up their letters of ''bedava'', and blessed them for their service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info-sikh.com/PageMukht.html|title=Chali Muktay: The Forty Liberated Ones|access-date=29 August 2014|work=Sikh Information}}</ref> The place was later renamed ], literally meaning ''The Pool of Liberation''.<ref name=civ>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxndvJs3wUkC&dq=Battle+of+Muktsar&pg=PA106|title=Sikhism And Indian Civilization|author=R. K. Pruthi|page=106|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7141-879-4}}</ref><ref name=brief>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s5t3|url-access=registration|page=|quote=Battle of Muktsar.|title=A brief guide to beliefs|year=2001|author=Linda Edwards|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=0-664-22259-5}}</ref> Mai Bhago survived the battle and stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh ji as one of his bodyguards. The ] is held at the holy city of Sri Muktsar Sahib every year in memory of the forty Sikh martyrs.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|page=65|author=Fenech, E. Louis |author2=Mcleod, H. W.|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1}}</ref>

== See also ==

* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


⚫ {{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}
⚫ {{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}

⚫ {{coord missing|India}}


{{Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Muktsar}}


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Latest revision as of 14:24, 8 October 2024

1705 conflict in the Mughal-Sikh Wars

Battle of Muktsar
Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars
Date29 December 1705
LocationNear the pool of Khidrānā (later Muktsar) now Sri Muktsar Sahib
Result Sikh victory
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Khalsa (Sikhs)
Commanders and leaders
Nawab Wazir Khan Guru Gobind Singh
Mata Bhag Kaur  (WIA)
Mahan Singh †
Kapura Singh
Strength
7,000– 12,000

40 mukte and Mata Bhag Kaur

1300 soldiers under Kapura Singh and Daan Singh
Casualties and losses
3,000 killed 40 mukhte, 260 other soldiers
Late Mughal-Sikh Wars

The Battle of Sri Muktsar Sahib (Muktsar) or Battle of Khidrāne Dee Dhāb took place on 29 December 1705, (29 Poh) following the siege of Anandpur Sahib. In 1704, Anandpur Sahib was under an extended siege by the allied forces of the Mughals and the Hill States of Shivalik.

History

During the siege 40 Sikhs, led by Maha Singh, wrote letters of bedava (abandonment of a Sikh from his Guru) to Guru Gobind Singh ji. They arrived in the village of Jhabal where a Sikh woman named Mata Bhag Kaur, upon hearing their tale of desertion, motivated them into returning to Guru ji at Anandpur Sahib.

The 40 deserters with Mai Bhag Kaur returned to seek out Guru Gobind Singh ji, and joined him near Khidrāne Dee Dhāb preparing for battle against the Mughals. They fought the Mughals and died in the following battle. The guru, finding the dying Maha Singh on the battlefield after the battle, forgave him and his compatriots, tore up their letters of bedava, and blessed them for their service. The place was later renamed Muktsar, literally meaning The Pool of Liberation. Mai Bhago survived the battle and stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh ji as one of his bodyguards. The Mela Maghi is held at the holy city of Sri Muktsar Sahib every year in memory of the forty Sikh martyrs.

See also

References

  1. http://sikhism.about.com/od/Historic-Events/p/Battle-Of-Muktsar.htm Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. commemoration varies with some marking the day on 15 April
  2. Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 695. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
  3. Fenech, E. Louis; Mcleod, H. W. (11 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
  4. Saggu, D. S. (7 June 2018). Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64249-006-0. In contrast Mughals were 7000.
  5. Surjit Singh Gandhi (1978). History Of The Sikh Gurus - A Comprehensive Study. p. 451.
  6. Kartar Singh (1951). Life Of Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore Book Shop. p. 253.
  7. VSM, D. S. Saggu (7 June 2018). Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64249-006-0. over three hundred men were killed.
  8. History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E Surjit Singh Gandhi
  9. Surinder Singh Johar (1998). Holy Sikh Shrines. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-7533-073-3.
  10. "Bedava". The Sikh Encyclopedia. 19 December 2000. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  11. Sagoo, Harbans (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 978-81-7629-300-6.
  12. "Chali Muktay: The Forty Liberated Ones". Sikh Information. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  13. R. K. Pruthi (2004). Sikhism And Indian Civilization. Discovery Publishing House. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-7141-879-4.
  14. Linda Edwards (2001). A brief guide to beliefs. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 171. ISBN 0-664-22259-5. Battle of Muktsar.
  15. Fenech, E. Louis; Mcleod, H. W. (11 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.

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