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{{short description|1st century AD Iberian princess and Queen of Armenia}}
{{Infobox royalty {{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes | consort = yes
| title = | title =
| image = Zenobie retrouvee par les bergers sur les bords.jpg | image = Zenobie retrouvee par les bergers sur les bords crop 1.jpg
| imgw = 260px | image_size = 260px
| caption = Zenobia by ] | caption = Zenobia by ]
| succession = Queen of Armenia | succession = ]
| reign = 51-53<br> 54-55 | reign = 51–53<br>54–55
| coronation = | coronation =
| predecessor = | predecessor =
| successor = | successor =
| spouse = ] | spouse = ]
| issue = unknown | issue = unknown son
| house = ] | house = ]
| house-type = Dynasty | house-type = Dynasty
| father = ] | father = ]
| mother = daughter of ] | mother = daughter of ]<br>sister of ]
| birth_date = | birth_date =
| birth_place = ], ] | birth_place = ]
| death_date = ] | death_date = 1st century
| death_place = | death_place = ]
| burial_place = | burial_place =
| religion = ] | religion =
}} }}
'''Zenobia the Iberian''' ({{lang-ka|ზენობია}}) was a royal princess of the ]<ref>Toumanoff, p. 14</ref> of the ] who was a ] of ] from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55. She was a daughter of King ] by his wife, a daughter of King ], who was Mithridates' own brother. At the same time, she was a wife of ] who was Pharasmanes I's son.<ref>Tacitus, XII, 51</ref><ref>Javakhishvili, p. 159</ref> '''Zenobia of Armenia''' (] 1st century) was a royal ] princess of the ] who was a ] of ] from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 during the reign of her husband, King ].<ref>Toumanoff, p. 14</ref>
==Life==
Zenobia was a daughter of King ] by his wife, a daughter of King ], who was Mithridates' own brother. At the same time, she was a wife of ] who was Pharasmanes' son.<ref>Javakhishvili, p. 159</ref><ref>Tacitus, XII, 46</ref>

Zenobia's father Mithridates reigned in Armenia until her husband and Mithridates' nephew and son-in-law ] usurped the Armenian throne by the sudden invasion. Her husband destroyed her entire family. Rhadamistus killed both of Zenobia's parents, her mother being Rhadamistus' own sister. Zenobia's brothers were also killed by Rhadamistus just because they were crying over their parents' death.

After execution of her entire family Rhadamistus became king in 51 and she became his queen. Armenians revolted soon after and, with the Parthian support of prince ], forced both to flee back to Iberia.

According to ]:<ref>Tacitus, XII, 51</ref>
{{quote|Rhadamistus had no means of escape but for the swiftness of the horses which bore him and his wife away. Pregnant as she was, she endured, somehow or other, likely out of fear of the enemy and love of her husband, the first part of the flight, but after a while, when she felt herself shaken by its continuous speed, she implored to be rescued by an honourable death from the shame of captivity. He at first embraced, cheered, and encouraged her, now admiring her heroism, now filled with a sickening apprehension at the idea of her being left to any man's mercy. Finally, urged by the intensity of his love and familiarity with dreadful deeds, he unsheathed his scymitar, and having stabbed her, dragged her to the bank of the Araxes and committed her to the stream, so that her very body might be swept away. Then in headlong flight he hurried to Iberia, his ancestral kingdom. Zenobia meanwhile (this was her name), as she yet breathed and showed signs of life on the calm water at the river's edge, was perceived by some shepherds, who inferring from her noble appearance that she was no base-born woman, bound up her wound and applied to it their rustic remedies. As soon as they knew her name and her adventure, they conveyed her to the city of Artaxata, whence she was conducted at the public charge to Tiridates, who received her kindly and treated her as a royal person.}}

Zenobia is said to have given birth to an unknown son from Rhadamistus in Armenia. Her and her child's later life is unknown. Her husband returning home to Iberia was soon, in 58, put to death as traitor by his own father Pharasmanes.<ref>Tacitus, XIII, 37</ref> According to the historian ], Zenobia lived in Tiridates’ court until her death.<ref>Khachatrian, p. 46</ref>

==In art==

===Paintings===
*"Zenobia accudita dai pastori sulle rive dell'Aras" by ].
*"Rhadamistus killing Zenobia" by ] (1803).
*"Zenobia found on the banks of the Araxes" by ]. (won '']'' in 1850).<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baudry, Paul Jacques Aimé". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref>
*"Zenobia found by Sheperds on the banks of the Araxes" by ]. (won '']'' in 1850).<ref>Wissman, Fronia E. (1996). Bouguereau. San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks. p. 12. {{ISBN|978-0876545829}}.</ref>
*"Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the Arax" by ].
*"Rhadamistes and Zenobia" by ].
*"Queen Zenobia taken from river Araxes by shepherds" by ].
*"Radamisto in atto di spingere Zenobia ferita nel fiume Arasse" by ].
*"Zénobie trouvée mourante sur les bords de l’Araxe" by ].
*"Zénobie découverte par les bergers sur les bords de l'Araxe" by ].
*"Zénobie trouvée mourante par les bergers sur les bords de l'Araxe" by ].
*"Zenobia" by ].
*"Zenobia Discovered by Shepherds on the Banks of the Araxes" by ].
*"Queen Zenobia Thrown Into the Araxes River" by ].
*"Rhadamiste poignarde sa femme Zénobie" by Etienne Meslier.
*"The finding of Zenobia by the shepherds" by ].

===Statues===
]
*"Le corps de Zénobie, reine d'Arménie retiré de l'Araxe" by Jean Esprit Marcellin at ].

===Operas===
*"L’Amour tyrannique" by ]
*"Zenobia e Radamisto" by ]
*"Rhadamiste et Zénobie" by ]
*"La Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"L'amor tirannico, o Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"La Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"La Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"La Zenobia" by ]
*"L'amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*"Zenobia" by ]
*Zenobia was played by ], ] and ]

===Plays===
*Unfinished play "Rodamist i Zenobiya" by ]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sabatelli - Rhadamistus killing Zenobia 1803.jpg|''Rhadamistus killing Zenobia'', by ]
File:Zenobie retrouvee par les bergers sur les bords.jpg|''Zenobia found on the banks of the Araxes'', by ]
File:Rhadamistes and Zenobia by TAILLASSON, Jean-Joseph 1806.jpg|''Rhadamistes and Zenobia'' by ].
File:Bouguereau-Zenobia-1850.jpg|''Zenobia found by Sheperds on the banks of the Araxes'', by ]
File:Nicolas Poussin- Queen Zenobia Found on the Banks of the Arax.JPG|''Queen Zenobia found on the Banks of the Arax'', by ]
File:CrebillonRhadamisteZenobie.jpg|Zenobia from the opera of ]
File:Metastasio - Zenobia - Herissant Vol.06 - Paris 1780.png|Zenobia from the opera of ]
File:Queen Zenobia taken from river Araxes by shepherds, by Francesco Nenci, 1809.jpg|''Queen Zenobia taken from river Araxes by shepherds'', by ].
File:Radamisto in atto di spingere Zenobia ferita nel fiume Arasse, Francesco Alberi, 1812.jpg|''Radamisto in atto di spingere Zenobia ferita nel fiume Arasse'', by ].
File:Emile Levy Zénobie.JPG|''Zenobia'' by ].
File:Queen Zenobia Thrown Into the Araxes River by François-Nicolas Chifflart.jpg|''Queen Zenobia Thrown Into the Araxes River'' by François Chifflart.
</gallery>


==References== ==References==
Line 31: Line 113:
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
*], '']'', Book XII-XIII *], '']'', Book XII-XIII
*{{cite book|last=Khachatrian|first=Hayk|title=Queens of the Armenians: 150 Biographies Based on History and Legend|year=2001|publisher=Amaras|location=Yerevan|isbn=0-9648787-2-0}}
⚫ *] (2012), History of the Georgian Nation, Vol. 1
*] (1969), Chronology of the early Kings of Iberia, Vol. 25 *] (1969), Chronology of the early Kings of Iberia, Vol. 25
⚫ *] (2012), History of the Georgian Nation, Vol. 1
{{refend}} {{refend}}


{{authority control}}
⚫ ]

]
] ]
]
]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 01:41, 7 September 2024

1st century AD Iberian princess and Queen of Armenia
Zenobia of Armenia
Zenobia by Paul-Jacques-Aimé Baudry
Queen of Armenia
Tenure51–53
54–55
BornKingdom of Iberia
Died1st century
Kingdom of Armenia
SpouseRhadamistus
Issueunknown son
DynastyPharnavazid dynasty
FatherMithridates of Armenia
Motherdaughter of Pharasmanes I
sister of Rhadamistus

Zenobia of Armenia (fl. 1st century) was a royal Iberian princess of the Pharnavazid dynasty who was a Queen of Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 during the reign of her husband, King Rhadamistus.

Life

Zenobia was a daughter of King Mithridates of Armenia by his wife, a daughter of King Pharasmanes I of Iberia, who was Mithridates' own brother. At the same time, she was a wife of Rhadamistus who was Pharasmanes' son.

Zenobia's father Mithridates reigned in Armenia until her husband and Mithridates' nephew and son-in-law Rhadamistus usurped the Armenian throne by the sudden invasion. Her husband destroyed her entire family. Rhadamistus killed both of Zenobia's parents, her mother being Rhadamistus' own sister. Zenobia's brothers were also killed by Rhadamistus just because they were crying over their parents' death.

After execution of her entire family Rhadamistus became king in 51 and she became his queen. Armenians revolted soon after and, with the Parthian support of prince Tiridates I, forced both to flee back to Iberia.

According to Tacitus:

Rhadamistus had no means of escape but for the swiftness of the horses which bore him and his wife away. Pregnant as she was, she endured, somehow or other, likely out of fear of the enemy and love of her husband, the first part of the flight, but after a while, when she felt herself shaken by its continuous speed, she implored to be rescued by an honourable death from the shame of captivity. He at first embraced, cheered, and encouraged her, now admiring her heroism, now filled with a sickening apprehension at the idea of her being left to any man's mercy. Finally, urged by the intensity of his love and familiarity with dreadful deeds, he unsheathed his scymitar, and having stabbed her, dragged her to the bank of the Araxes and committed her to the stream, so that her very body might be swept away. Then in headlong flight he hurried to Iberia, his ancestral kingdom. Zenobia meanwhile (this was her name), as she yet breathed and showed signs of life on the calm water at the river's edge, was perceived by some shepherds, who inferring from her noble appearance that she was no base-born woman, bound up her wound and applied to it their rustic remedies. As soon as they knew her name and her adventure, they conveyed her to the city of Artaxata, whence she was conducted at the public charge to Tiridates, who received her kindly and treated her as a royal person.

Zenobia is said to have given birth to an unknown son from Rhadamistus in Armenia. Her and her child's later life is unknown. Her husband returning home to Iberia was soon, in 58, put to death as traitor by his own father Pharasmanes. According to the historian Leo, Zenobia lived in Tiridates’ court until her death.

In art

Paintings

Statues

Zenobia's body fished out the Aras, by Jean Marcellin, 1859.

Operas

Plays

Gallery

References

  1. Toumanoff, p. 14
  2. Javakhishvili, p. 159
  3. Tacitus, XII, 46
  4. Tacitus, XII, 51
  5. Tacitus, XIII, 37
  6. Khachatrian, p. 46
  7. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baudry, Paul Jacques Aimé". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. Wissman, Fronia E. (1996). Bouguereau. San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks. p. 12. ISBN 978-0876545829.

Sources

Categories: