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'''Pella Palace''' is a former summer residence of ]. It was situated on the left bank of the ], 30 km east of ], where the town of ] now stands. '''Pella Palace''' (Пеллинский дворец) was a summer residence built during the reign of ] for her grandson, future emperor ]. It was situated on the left bank of the ], {{cvt|30|km}} east of ], where the town of ] now stands. If completed, it would have been Russia's largest imperial palace.<ref name=S286/> Pella, partially built in 1785&ndash;1789, has been razed to the ground by Catherine's son, ]. Not only the buildings disappeared, but very few images of it survived the ]: existing knowledge of Pella relies on a few facade elevations and watercolors by ] and an elaborate drawing on Catherine's fan, also based on Quarenghi's drafts.<ref name=V248/><ref>This fan, with two panoramic images of the planned palace, was stored in ] and disappeared without trace in 1920s&nbsp;– Voronov, p. 248</ref>


==Beginning==
Extremely fond of her grandson ], the Empress liked to think about him as the new ]. In November 1784 she purchased the estate of Pallila (also called Ivanovskaya Myza) from the heirs of ]. Early in 1785, she visited the manor in the company of her lover, ], and determined to build the grandest of her residences there. Its name was changed from Pallila to ], in order to remind Catherine about the birthplace of Alexander the Great. Extremely fond of her grandson ], the Empress liked to think of him as the new ]. In November 1784 she purchased the estate of Pallila (also called Ivanovskaya Myza) from the heirs of ]. Ivanovskaya had already been a well-appointed estate with a two-storey wooden manor, four guest houses and various services. The park contained a pool, connected to the river Neva by a canal, and was modestly adorned with statues and ]. Catherine stayed in the manor occasionally before major construction commenced.<ref name=V244>Voronov, p. 244</ref>


In 1785 Ivanovskaya was renamed to ], an allusion to the birthplace of Alexander the Great and the ]. In April 1785 Catherine wrote to ] that she planned to set up an English ] around Pella; in fact, earlier, on March 13, 1785, she authorized ]'s draft for a spacious, proper imperial palace. ] ceremony was celebrated on July 17, 1785 when work was already underway.<ref name=V245>Voronov, p. 245</ref>
Potemkin's favorite architect, ], was instructed to recreate the palace of the ancient rulers of Macedon in the ] style and to suitably adorn the residence with antique ]. In order to accomplish the task, Starov obtained copies of ]'s grandiose designs for rebulding the ]. His design for Pella, modeled on Boullée's unexecuted project, pleased the Empress so much that she declared to her European correspondents: "all my summer residences are mere huts if you compare them with Pella, which rises like Phoenix from ashes". ]


==Execution==
⚫ The Empress invested into the project the exorbitant sum of 823,389.93 rubles before the ] broke out and construction works were suspended (on ], ]). The shell of the palace, with a riverside frontage stretching for 500 m, remained ] until December 1796, when Catherine's successor ], eager to obliterate the memory of his mother's undertakings, ordered the palace to be demolished and materials to be reused for construction of ] in St. Petersburg. Only several outbuildings and a post station survived his short reign.
]'s copy of ]'s design for the palace]]
Potemkin's favorite architect, ], was instructed to recreate the palace of the ancient rulers of Macedon in the ] style and to suitably adorn the residence with antique ]. ] provided regular consultancy to Catherine, liaising with Starov; English gardener John Bush was appointed to do the landscaping in 1787.<ref name=V250>Voronov, p. 250</ref>


In order to accomplish the task, Starov obtained copies of ]'s grandiose designs for rebuilding the ]. His design for Pella, modeled on Boullée's unexecuted project, pleased the Empress so much that she declared to her European correspondents: "all my summer residences are mere huts if you compare them with Pella, which rises like Phoenix from ashes". Catherine called Pella "rising ]", alluding to Alexander's ascension to power after her own death.<ref name=S2867>Shvidkovsky, pp. 286-287</ref> Pella, designed by ], was the largest Russian imperial palace of the period, and more complex in composition than anything in Russia.<ref name=S286>Shvidkovsky, p. 286</ref> According to the design, the core palace was to be encircled with eight auxiliary residences and sixteen smaller service buildings in ], connected with double-colonnaded galleries.<ref name=S286/>
⚫ == Online references ==

⚫ *{{ru icon}}
The Empress invested 823 thousand ]<ref name=V250/> before the ] broke out and construction works were suspended (on 3 November 1789). By this time, nine core buildings and two of five connecting galleries were completed; the service buildings had not been started. The project consumed 25 million bricks, 1,383 cubic ] of granite cladding; palaces have already been equipped with 350 heating ovens and furniture made by ].<ref name=V252>Voronov, p. 252</ref>

==Destruction==
]

⚫ The palace shell, with a riverside frontage stretching for {{convert|500|m|abbr=off}}, remained in place until December 1796, when Catherine's successor ], eager to obliterate the memory of his mother's undertakings, ordered the palace to be demolished and materials to be reused for construction of ] in St. Petersburg. Demolition, authorized by Paul on December 7, 1796 actually commenced in May 1797, starting with connecting galleries. By January 1801 six of nine building were completely demolished, three other were razed during Alexander's reign.

The surviving post office building that was built by Starov in 1780s, was not part of the palace proper.<ref name=V248>Voronov, p. 248</ref> It was designed to mirror Pella layout in a smaller scale, with curvilinear galleries and service building flanking the main ] hall. In the 19th century most of these galleries were demolished; the main hall was deformed by installing new chimneys and new window openings.<ref name=V258>Voronov, p. 258</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2 }}

==Sources==
{{Commons category|Pella Palace}}
* {{cite book | author=Shvidkovsky, Dmitry | author-link=Dmitry Shvidkovsky | title=Russian architecture and the West | publisher=Yale University Press | year=2007 |ISBN=978-0-300-10912-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQy9TJ2yOQEC }}
* {{cite book | author=Voronov, Victor | title=Ivan Starov (Иван Старов) | language=Russian | publisher=Saint Petersburg: Iskusstvo-SPB | year=2008 | isbn=9785210015112 }}

⚫ ==Online references==
⚫ *{{in lang|ru}}
{{Coord|59.7648|N|30.7733|E|source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}

{{Imperial palaces in Russia}}


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Latest revision as of 21:55, 20 November 2024

A veduta from c. 1796

Pella Palace (Пеллинский дворец) was a summer residence built during the reign of Catherine II of Russia for her grandson, future emperor Alexander. It was situated on the left bank of the Neva River, 30 km (19 mi) east of Saint Petersburg, where the town of Otradnoye now stands. If completed, it would have been Russia's largest imperial palace. Pella, partially built in 1785–1789, has been razed to the ground by Catherine's son, Paul I of Russia. Not only the buildings disappeared, but very few images of it survived the Battle of the Palaces: existing knowledge of Pella relies on a few facade elevations and watercolors by Giacomo Quarenghi and an elaborate drawing on Catherine's fan, also based on Quarenghi's drafts.

Beginning

Extremely fond of her grandson Alexander, the Empress liked to think of him as the new Alexander the Great. In November 1784 she purchased the estate of Pallila (also called Ivanovskaya Myza) from the heirs of Ivan Neplyuev. Ivanovskaya had already been a well-appointed estate with a two-storey wooden manor, four guest houses and various services. The park contained a pool, connected to the river Neva by a canal, and was modestly adorned with statues and follies. Catherine stayed in the manor occasionally before major construction commenced.

In 1785 Ivanovskaya was renamed to Pella, an allusion to the birthplace of Alexander the Great and the illustrious future envisioned for Alexander. In April 1785 Catherine wrote to Melchior Grimm that she planned to set up an English landscape park around Pella; in fact, earlier, on March 13, 1785, she authorized Ivan Starov's draft for a spacious, proper imperial palace. Groundbreaking ceremony was celebrated on July 17, 1785 when work was already underway.

Execution

Giacomo Quarenghi's copy of Ivan Starov's design for the palace

Potemkin's favorite architect, Ivan Starov, was instructed to recreate the palace of the ancient rulers of Macedon in the Neoclassical style and to suitably adorn the residence with antique objets d'art. Giacomo Quarenghi provided regular consultancy to Catherine, liaising with Starov; English gardener John Bush was appointed to do the landscaping in 1787.

In order to accomplish the task, Starov obtained copies of Étienne-Louis Boullée's grandiose designs for rebuilding the Versailles Palace. His design for Pella, modeled on Boullée's unexecuted project, pleased the Empress so much that she declared to her European correspondents: "all my summer residences are mere huts if you compare them with Pella, which rises like Phoenix from ashes". Catherine called Pella "rising phoenix", alluding to Alexander's ascension to power after her own death. Pella, designed by Ivan Starov, was the largest Russian imperial palace of the period, and more complex in composition than anything in Russia. According to the design, the core palace was to be encircled with eight auxiliary residences and sixteen smaller service buildings in Palladian style, connected with double-colonnaded galleries.

The Empress invested 823 thousand roubles before the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 broke out and construction works were suspended (on 3 November 1789). By this time, nine core buildings and two of five connecting galleries were completed; the service buildings had not been started. The project consumed 25 million bricks, 1,383 cubic sazhen of granite cladding; palaces have already been equipped with 350 heating ovens and furniture made by David Roentgen.

Destruction

Post station in Pella

The palace shell, with a riverside frontage stretching for 500 metres (1,600 feet), remained in place until December 1796, when Catherine's successor Paul, eager to obliterate the memory of his mother's undertakings, ordered the palace to be demolished and materials to be reused for construction of Saint Michael's Castle in St. Petersburg. Demolition, authorized by Paul on December 7, 1796 actually commenced in May 1797, starting with connecting galleries. By January 1801 six of nine building were completely demolished, three other were razed during Alexander's reign.

The surviving post office building that was built by Starov in 1780s, was not part of the palace proper. It was designed to mirror Pella layout in a smaller scale, with curvilinear galleries and service building flanking the main rotunda hall. In the 19th century most of these galleries were demolished; the main hall was deformed by installing new chimneys and new window openings.

References

  1. ^ Shvidkovsky, p. 286
  2. ^ Voronov, p. 248
  3. This fan, with two panoramic images of the planned palace, was stored in Hermitage Museum and disappeared without trace in 1920s – Voronov, p. 248
  4. Voronov, p. 244
  5. Voronov, p. 245
  6. ^ Voronov, p. 250
  7. Shvidkovsky, pp. 286-287
  8. Voronov, p. 252
  9. Voronov, p. 258

Sources

Online references

59°45′53″N 30°46′24″E / 59.7648°N 30.7733°E / 59.7648; 30.7733

Russian imperial palaces and residences
Imperial residences
Grand ducal residences
Outside the Russian Federation
In Crimea
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