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| {{short description|Book name and chapter and verse of the Bible}} | |||
| A ] from the ] is usually referenced with the ] name, ] number. Sometimes, the name of the ] is also included. There are several formats for doing so.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} | |||
| {{refimprove|date=December 2018}} | |||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} | |||
| A common example: | |||
| A ] from the Bible is usually referenced with the ] name, ] number. Sometimes, the name of the ] is also included. There are several formats for doing so.<ref>{{cite web | title=HOW TO CITE THE BIBLE*. Guide for Four Citation Styles: MLA, APA, SBL, CHICAGO | publisher=] | url=https://www.jbu.edu/assets/writing-center/resource/how_to_cite_the_bible.pdf | website=jbu.edu | access-date=2021-05-23 | archive-date=2021-09-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928021857/https://www.jbu.edu/assets/writing-center/resource/How_to_Cite_the_Bible.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
| ''Genesis 3:5, TLB''{{contradiction-inline|reason=Common formats says that abbreviations should not be used but be written out|date=March 2015}} | |||
| : God knows very well that the instant you eat it you shall become as he is... | |||
| This citation indicates that the book containing the cited passage is ], chapter 3, verse 5, and the edition being used is ]. | |||
| ==Common formats== | ==Common formats== | ||
| Line 11: | Line 8: | ||
| : "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth" (''Gen. 1:1''). | : "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth" (''Gen. 1:1''). | ||
| Or, stated more formally,<ref>{{cite book|title=Food, Farming, and Faith|author=Gary W. Fick|chapter=Abbreviations and Citation of Books in the Bible|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2008|isbn= |
Or, stated more formally,<ref>{{cite book|title=Food, Farming, and Faith|author=Gary W. Fick|chapter=Abbreviations and Citation of Books in the Bible|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2008|isbn= 9780791473832|page=175}}</ref><ref name=Whitbread>{{cite book|title=The Design Manual|url=https://archive.org/details/designmanual00whit|url-access=limited|author=David Whitbread|chapter=Typography: Citing the Bible|publisher=UNSW Press|year=2001|isbn= 9780868406589|page=}}</ref><ref name=Hudson>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=The Christian Writer's Manual of Style|author1=Bob Hudson |author2=Robert Hudson |author3=Shelley Townsend-Hudson |title=References, Bible|pages=358–361|publisher=Zondervan|year=2004|isbn= 9780310487715}}</ref>{{efn|Five books have a single chapter: Obadiah, Philemon, 2 & 3 John, Jude. In many printed editions, the chapter number is omitted for these books, and references just use the verse numbers.}} | ||
| :''Book chapter'' for a chapter (''John 3''); | :''Book chapter'' for a chapter (''John 3''); | ||
| Line 21: | Line 18: | ||
| The range delimiter is an ], and there are no spaces on either side of it.<ref name=Whitbread /> | The range delimiter is an ], and there are no spaces on either side of it.<ref name=Whitbread /> | ||
| This format is the one accepted by ] and is also the format used by ] to cite scriptural standard works. The ] is similar, but replaces the colon with a period. | This format is the one accepted by ] to cite scriptural standard works. The ] is similar, but replaces the colon with a period. | ||
| Citations in the ] add the translation |
Citations in the ] add the translation of the Bible after the verse.<ref>{{cite book|title=Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th Edition.|url=https://archive.org/details/publicationmanua00asso_004|url-access=limited|publisher=American Psychological Association|year=2001|isbn=1-55798-810-2|page=}}</ref> For example, (''John 3:16, New International Version''). Translation names should not be abbreviated (e.g., write out ] instead of using KJV). Subsequent citations do not require the translation unless that changes. In APA 7th edition, the Bible is listed in the references at the end of the document, which has changed since previous versions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apaformat.org/apa-bible-citation|title=APA Bible Citation|website=APA Format|date=2013-12-16|access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/religious-work-references|title=Religious Work References|website=APA Style|publisher=]|date=February 2020|accessdate=2023-11-07}}</ref> | ||
| Citations in ] style requires that when referring to books or chapters, do not italicize or underline them. The book names must also be spelled out. For example, (The beginning of Genesis recounts the creation of our universe.) When referring directly to a particular passage, the abbreviated book name, chapter number, a colon, and verse number must be provided.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marks|first=Kim|title=Henry Buhl Library: Citing the Bible and other Biblical Resources: Turabian Style|url=https://hbl.gcc.libguides.com/c.php?g=339562&p=2286665|access-date=2020-12-03|website=hbl.gcc.libguides.com|language=en}}</ref> Additionally, the Bible is not listed in the references at the end of the document and the edition of the Bible is required when citing inside parentheses. For example, (Eph. 2:10 ). | |||
| ==Punctuation== | ==Punctuation== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 28: | ||
| : Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him! (''John 19:15''). | : Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him! (''John 19:15''). | ||
| ''The Christian Writer's Manual of Style'' also states that a citation that follows a block quotation of text may either be in parentheses flush against the text, or right-aligned following an ] on a new line. For example:<ref name=Hudson /> |
''The Christian Writer's Manual of Style'' also states that a citation that follows a block quotation of text may either be in parentheses flush against the text, or right-aligned following an ] on a new line. For example:<ref name=Hudson /> | ||
| : These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world. (''John 16:33 NASB'') | : These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world. (''John 16:33 NASB'') | ||
| : These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world.<p align=right> — ''John 16:33 NASB'' | : These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world.<p align=right> — ''John 16:33 NASB''</p> | ||
| ==Abbreviating book names== | ==Abbreviating book names== | ||
| The names of the books of the Bible can be abbreviated. Most Bibles give preferred abbreviation guides in their tables of contents, or at the front of the book.<ref name=Whitbread /> Abbreviations may be used when the citation is a reference that follows a block quotation of text.<ref name=Hudson /> | The names of the books of the Bible can be abbreviated. Most Bibles give preferred abbreviation guides in their tables of contents, or at the front of the book.<ref name=Whitbread /> Abbreviations may be used when the citation is a reference that follows a block quotation of text.<ref name=Hudson /> | ||
| Abbreviations should not be used, according to ''The Christian Writer's Manual of Style'', when the citation is in running text. Instead, the full name should be spelled out. Hudson observes, however, that for scholarly or reference works that contain a large number of citations in running text, abbreviations may be used simply to reduce the length of the prose, and that a similar exception can be made for cases where a large number of citations are used in parentheses.<ref name=Hudson /><ref name=SSTSBLHOS>{{ |
Abbreviations should not be used, according to ''The Christian Writer's Manual of Style'', when the citation is in running text. Instead, the full name should be spelled out. Hudson observes, however, that for scholarly or reference works that contain a large number of citations in running text, abbreviations may be used simply to reduce the length of the prose, and that a similar exception can be made for cases where a large number of citations are used in parentheses.<ref name=Hudson /><ref name=SSTSBLHOS>{{citation |mode=cs1 |chapter-url=https://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/pubs/SBLHSsupp2015-02.pdf|title=Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style|author1=Melanie Greer Nogalski |author2=James D. Nogalski |author3=Sophia G. Steibel |author4=Danny M. West |name-list-style=amp |editor=Joel M. LeMon|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|date=September 2004|chapter=Biblical Citations|pages=1–2}}</ref> | ||
| There are two commonly accepted styles for abbreviating the book names, one used in general books and one used in scholarly works.<ref name=Hudson /> | There are two commonly accepted styles for abbreviating the book names, one used in general books and one used in scholarly works.<ref name=Hudson /> | ||
| Line 46: | Line 45: | ||
| ==Editions== | ==Editions== | ||
| The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' published by the Society of Biblical Literature states that for modern editions of the Bible, publishers information is not required in a citation. One should simply use the standard abbreviation of the version of the Bible (e.g. "KJV" for |
The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' published by the Society of Biblical Literature states that for modern editions of the Bible, publishers information is not required in a citation. One should simply use the standard abbreviation of the version of the Bible (e.g. "KJV" for King James Version, "RSV" for ], "NIV" for ], and so forth).<ref name=SSTSBLHOS /> | ||
| ==Multiple citations== | ==Multiple citations== | ||
| The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' recommends that multiple citations be given in the form of a list separated by a ], without a ] before the final item in the list. When multiple consecutive citations reference the same book, the name of the book is omitted from the second and subsequent citations. For example:<ref name=SSTSBLHOS /> | The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' recommends that multiple citations be given in the form of a list separated by a ], without a ] before the final item in the list. When multiple consecutive citations reference the same book, the name of the book is omitted from the second and subsequent citations. For example:<ref name=SSTSBLHOS /> | ||
| :''John 1–3; 3:16; 6:14, 44'' | :''John 1–3; 3:16; 6:14, 44'' | ||
| Line 55: | Line 54: | ||
| Some Bibles, particularly study bibles, contain additional text that is not the biblical text. This includes footnotes, annotations, and special articles. The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' recommends that such text be cited in the form of a normal book citation, not as a Bible citation. | Some Bibles, particularly study bibles, contain additional text that is not the biblical text. This includes footnotes, annotations, and special articles. The ''Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style'' recommends that such text be cited in the form of a normal book citation, not as a Bible citation. | ||
| For example:<ref name=SSTSBLHOS /> | For example:<ref name=SSTSBLHOS /> | ||
| :{{cite book|author=Sophie Laws|chapter=The Letter of James|title=The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books|editor=Wayne A. Meeks|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1993|pages=2269 |
:{{cite book|author=Sophie Laws|chapter=The Letter of James|title=The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books|url=https://archive.org/details/harpercollinsstu00wayn|url-access=registration|editor=Wayne A. Meeks|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1993|pages=2269{{ndash}}2270|display-editors=etal}} | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{notelist}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
| * (various versions) | * (various versions) | ||
| * at ]'s Online Writing Lab | * at ]'s Online Writing Lab | ||
| * at ]'s Henry Buhl Library | * at ]'s Henry Buhl Library | ||
| *A list of abbreviations for the books of the Bible | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 10:47, 22 November 2024
Book name and chapter and verse of the Bible | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Bible citation" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
A citation from the Bible is usually referenced with the book name, chapter number and verse number. Sometimes, the name of the Bible translation is also included. There are several formats for doing so.
Common formats
A common format for biblical citations is Book chapter:verses, using a colon to delimit chapter from verse, as in:
- "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth" (Gen. 1:1).
Or, stated more formally,
- Book chapter for a chapter (John 3);
- Book chapter1–chapter2 for a range of chapters (John 1–3);
- book chapter:verse for a single verse (John 3:16);
- book chapter:verse1–verse2 for a range of verses (John 3:16–17);
- book chapter:verse1,verse2 for multiple disjoint verses (John 6:14, 44).
The range delimiter is an en-dash, and there are no spaces on either side of it.
This format is the one accepted by the Chicago Manual of Style to cite scriptural standard works. The MLA style is similar, but replaces the colon with a period.
Citations in the APA style add the translation of the Bible after the verse. For example, (John 3:16, New International Version). Translation names should not be abbreviated (e.g., write out King James Version instead of using KJV). Subsequent citations do not require the translation unless that changes. In APA 7th edition, the Bible is listed in the references at the end of the document, which has changed since previous versions.
Citations in Turabian style requires that when referring to books or chapters, do not italicize or underline them. The book names must also be spelled out. For example, (The beginning of Genesis recounts the creation of our universe.) When referring directly to a particular passage, the abbreviated book name, chapter number, a colon, and verse number must be provided. Additionally, the Bible is not listed in the references at the end of the document and the edition of the Bible is required when citing inside parentheses. For example, (Eph. 2:10 ).
Punctuation
When citations are used in run-in quotations, they should not, according to The Christian Writer's Manual of Style, contain the punctuation either from the quotation itself (such as a terminating exclamation mark or question mark) or from the surrounding prose. The full-stop at the end of the surrounding sentence belongs outside of the parentheses that surround the citation. For example:
- Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him! (John 19:15).
The Christian Writer's Manual of Style also states that a citation that follows a block quotation of text may either be in parentheses flush against the text, or right-aligned following an em-dash on a new line. For example:
- These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world. (John 16:33 NASB)
- These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world.
— John 16:33 NASB
Abbreviating book names
The names of the books of the Bible can be abbreviated. Most Bibles give preferred abbreviation guides in their tables of contents, or at the front of the book. Abbreviations may be used when the citation is a reference that follows a block quotation of text.
Abbreviations should not be used, according to The Christian Writer's Manual of Style, when the citation is in running text. Instead, the full name should be spelled out. Hudson observes, however, that for scholarly or reference works that contain a large number of citations in running text, abbreviations may be used simply to reduce the length of the prose, and that a similar exception can be made for cases where a large number of citations are used in parentheses.
There are two commonly accepted styles for abbreviating the book names, one used in general books and one used in scholarly works.
Electronic editions of Bibles use internal abbreviations. Some of these abbreviation schemes are standardized. These include OSIS and ParaTExt USFM.
Roman numerals
Roman numerals are often used for the numbered books of the Bible. For example, Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians may be written as "I Corinthians", using the Roman numeral "I" rather than the Arabic numeral "1". The Christian Writer's Manual of Style, however, recommends using Arabic numerals for numbered books, as in "2 Corinthians" rather than "II Corinthians".
Editions
The Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style published by the Society of Biblical Literature states that for modern editions of the Bible, publishers information is not required in a citation. One should simply use the standard abbreviation of the version of the Bible (e.g. "KJV" for King James Version, "RSV" for Revised Standard Version, "NIV" for New International Version, and so forth).
Multiple citations
The Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style recommends that multiple citations be given in the form of a list separated by a semicolon, without a conjunction before the final item in the list. When multiple consecutive citations reference the same book, the name of the book is omitted from the second and subsequent citations. For example:
- John 1–3; 3:16; 6:14, 44
Citing non-biblical text in Bibles
Some Bibles, particularly study bibles, contain additional text that is not the biblical text. This includes footnotes, annotations, and special articles. The Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style recommends that such text be cited in the form of a normal book citation, not as a Bible citation. For example:
- Sophie Laws (1993). "The Letter of James". In Wayne A. Meeks; et al. (eds.). The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 2269–2270.
See also
Notes
- Five books have a single chapter: Obadiah, Philemon, 2 & 3 John, Jude. In many printed editions, the chapter number is omitted for these books, and references just use the verse numbers.
References
- "HOW TO CITE THE BIBLE*. Guide for Four Citation Styles: MLA, APA, SBL, CHICAGO" (PDF). jbu.edu. John Brown University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
- Gary W. Fick (2008). "Abbreviations and Citation of Books in the Bible". Food, Farming, and Faith. SUNY Press. p. 175. ISBN 9780791473832.
- ^ David Whitbread (2001). "Typography: Citing the Bible". The Design Manual. UNSW Press. p. 209. ISBN 9780868406589.
- ^ Bob Hudson; Robert Hudson; Shelley Townsend-Hudson (2004). "References, Bible". The Christian Writer's Manual of Style. Zondervan. pp. 358–361. ISBN 9780310487715.
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th Edition. American Psychological Association. 2001. p. 213. ISBN 1-55798-810-2.
- "APA Bible Citation". APA Format. December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- "Religious Work References". APA Style. American Psychological Association. February 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- Marks, Kim. "Henry Buhl Library: Citing the Bible and other Biblical Resources: Turabian Style". hbl.gcc.libguides.com. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ Melanie Greer Nogalski; James D. Nogalski; Sophia G. Steibel & Danny M. West (September 2004). "Biblical Citations" (PDF). In Joel M. LeMon (ed.). Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style. Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 1–2.
External links
- Search and read Bible passages at Bible Gateway (various versions)
- Summary of MLA rules at Purdue University's Online Writing Lab
- Citing the Bible at Grove City College's Henry Buhl Library
- A list of abbreviations for the books of the Bible