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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see ] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Politics of Mexico}} {{Politics of Mexico}}
The '''foreign relations of ]''' are directed by the ]<ref name="CPEUM89"/> and managed through the ].<ref name="SRE"/> The principles of the ] are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for ] and ], their ] and ], ] in the domestic affairs of other countries, ], and promotion of ] through active participation in ].<ref name="CPEUM89"/> Since the 1930s, the ] has served as a crucial complement to these principles.<ref name=estradadoctrine/> The '''foreign relations of ] (''United Mexican States'')''' are directed by the ]<ref name="CPEUM89"/> and managed through the ].<ref name="SRE"/> The principles of the ] are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for ] and ], their ] and ], ] in the domestic affairs of other countries, ], and promotion of ] through active participation in ].<ref name="CPEUM89"/> Since the 1930s, the ] has served as a crucial complement to these principles.<ref name=estradadoctrine/>


After the ], the relations of Mexico were focused primarily on the United States, its northern neighbor, ],<ref>{{cite web | title=Bilateral Trade | year=2006 | publisher=Embassy of the U.S. in Mexico | url=http://www.usembassy-mexico.gov/eng/eataglance_trade.html | accessdate=March 28, 2009}}</ref> and the most ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Kim Richard Nossal | title=Lonely Superpower or Unapologetic Hyperpower? Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era | date=June 29 – July 2, 1999 | publisher=Queen's University | url=http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm | accessdate=March 28, 2009}}</ref> Once the order was reestablished, its foreign policy was built under ] in subsequent decades. Demonstrating independence from the U.S., Mexico supported the ] since its establishment in the early 1960s,<ref name="keller">{{cite web | author=Renata Keller | title=Capitalizing on Castro: Mexico's Foreign Relations with Cuba, 1959–1969 | year=2009 | publisher=Latin American Network Information Center | url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf | accessdate=March 28, 2009}}</ref> the ] in Nicaragua during the late 1970s,<ref name="salaverry">{{cite web | author=Salaverry, Jorge | title=Evolution of Mexican Foreign Policy | date=March 11, 1988 | publisher=The Heritage Foundation | url=http://www.heritage.org/research/latinamerica/bg638.cfm | accessdate=March 28, 2009}}</ref> and leftist revolutionary groups in ] during the 1980s.<ref name="elsalvador">{{cite web | title=El Salvador in the 1980s | publisher=Historical Text Archive | url=http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=345 | accessdate=March 28, 2009}}</ref> In the 2000s, former President ] adopted a ] that calls for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the ] and the increase of Mexican involvement in ], as well as a further integration towards its northern neighbors.<ref name="politicalaffairs">{{cite web | author=Larry Birns and Michael Lettieri | title=Mexican President Fox Chooses U.S. Over Latin America | date=June 27, 2006 | publisher=Political Affairs | url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/view/3707/1/194/ | accessdate=March 28, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> A greater priority to Latin America and the ] was given during the administration of President ].<ref name="Calderon FP"/> After the ], the relations of Mexico were focused primarily on the United States, its northern neighbor, ],<ref>{{cite web | title=Bilateral Trade | year=2006 | publisher=Embassy of the U.S. in Mexico | url=http://www.usembassy-mexico.gov/eng/eataglance_trade.html | access-date=March 28, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512224742/http://usembassy-mexico.gov/eng/eataglance_trade.html | archive-date=May 12, 2009}}</ref> and the most ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Kim Richard Nossal | title=Lonely Superpower or Unapologetic Hyperpower? Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era | date=July 2, 1999 | publisher=Queen's University | url=http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm | access-date=March 28, 2009 | archive-date=May 26, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526100449/http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm | url-status=dead}}</ref> Once the order was reestablished, its foreign policy was built under ] in subsequent decades. Demonstrating independence from the U.S., Mexico supported the ] since its establishment in the early 1960s,<ref name="keller">{{cite web|author=Renata Keller |title=Capitalizing on Castro: Mexico's Foreign Relations with Cuba, 1959–1969 |year=2009 |publisher=Latin American Network Information Center |url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf |access-date=March 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513114515/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2011}}</ref> the ] in Nicaragua during the late 1970s,<ref name="salaverry">{{cite web | author=Salaverry, Jorge | title=Evolution of Mexican Foreign Policy | date=March 11, 1988 | publisher=The Heritage Foundation | url=http://www.heritage.org/research/latinamerica/bg638.cfm | access-date=March 28, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313091909/http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/bg638.cfm | archive-date=March 13, 2009}}</ref> and leftist revolutionary groups in ] during the 1980s.<ref name="elsalvador">{{cite web | title=El Salvador in the 1980s | publisher=Historical Text Archive | url=http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=345 | access-date=March 28, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501065903/http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=345 | archive-date=May 1, 2011 | url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 2000s, former President ] adopted a ] that calls for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the ] and the increase of Mexican involvement in ], as well as a further integration towards its northern neighbors.<ref name="politicalaffairs">{{cite web | author=Larry Birns and Michael Lettieri | title=Mexican President Fox Chooses U.S. Over Latin America | date=June 27, 2006 | publisher=Political Affairs | url=http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/view/3707/1/194/ | access-date=March 28, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070805125157/http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/view/3707/1/194/ | archive-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref> A greater priority to Latin America and the ] was given during the administration of President ].<ref name="Calderon FP"/>


Mexico is one of the founding members of several ], most notably the United Nations,<ref>{{cite web | author=UN | title=United Nations Member States | date=November 7, 1945 | publisher=UN official website | url=http://www.un.org/members/list.shtml#m | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> the ],<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 145">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 145.</ref> the ],<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Organization of Ibero-American States | title=Members | publisher=OEI official website | url=http://www.oei.es/acercaoei.htm | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> the ]<ref>{{cite web | author=OPANAL | title=Members | publisher=OPANAL official website | url=http://www.opanal.org/opanal/about/about-i.htm | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=El Presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa en la Ceremonia de Entrega de la Secretaría Pro Témpore del Grupo de Río | date=March 7, 2007 | publisher=Gobierno Federal | url=http://portal2.sre.gob.mx/gruporio/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=2 | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> For a long time, Mexico has been one of the largest contributors to the United Nations regular budget, in 2008 over 40 million ] were given to the organization.<ref name="unbudget"/> In addition, it was the only Latin American member of the ] since it joined in 1994 until the accession of ] in 2010. Mexico is considered as a ],<ref name=Globalization>{{cite book | title=Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy | author=Paweł Bożyk | chapter=Newly Industrialized Countries | publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd | year=2006 | isbn=0-7546-4638-6 | page=164}}</ref><ref name=Limits>{{cite book|title=The Limits of Convergence|author=Mauro F. Guillén | author-link=Mauro F. Guillén| chapter=Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor | pages=126 (Table 5.1) | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-691-11633-4}}</ref> a ]<ref name="regionalpower"/><ref name="regionalpower2"/> and an ],<ref name="emergingmarket"/> hence its presence in major economic groups such as the ] and the ]. In addition, since the 1990s Mexico has sought a ]<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 215.</ref> with the support of ], Italy, ] and nine other countries, which form a group informally called the ].<ref name="coffeeclub"/> Mexico is one of the founding members of several ], most notably the United Nations,<ref>{{cite web|author=UN |title=United Nations Member States |date=November 7, 1945 |publisher=UN official website |url=https://www.un.org/members/list.shtml#m |access-date=April 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417145758/http://www.un.org/members/list.shtml |archive-date=April 17, 2009}}</ref> the ],<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 145">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 145.</ref> the ],<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Organization of Ibero-American States | title=Members | publisher=OEI official website | url=http://www.oei.es/acercaoei.htm | access-date=April 6, 2009 | archive-date=December 16, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216083900/https://www.oei.es/acercaoei.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> the ]<ref>{{cite web |author=OPANAL |title=Members |publisher=OPANAL official website |url=http://www.opanal.org/opanal/about/about-i.htm |access-date=April 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814205200/http://opanal.org/opanal/about/about-i.htm |archive-date=August 14, 2009}}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{cite web|language=es |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=El Presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa en la Ceremonia de Entrega de la Secretaría Pro Témpore del Grupo de Río |date=March 7, 2007 |publisher=Gobierno Federal |url=http://portal2.sre.gob.mx/gruporio/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=2 |access-date=April 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823035712/http://portal2.sre.gob.mx/gruporio/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=2 |archive-date=August 23, 2009}}</ref> For a long time, Mexico has been one of the largest contributors to the United Nations regular budget, in 2008 over 40 million ] were given to the organization.<ref name="unbudget"/> In addition, it was the only Latin American member of the ] since it joined in 1994 until the accession of ] in 2010. Mexico is considered as a ],<ref name=Globalization>{{cite book | title=Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy | author=Paweł Bożyk | chapter=Newly Industrialized Countries | publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. | year=2006 | isbn=0-7546-4638-6 | page=164}}</ref><ref name=Limits>{{cite book|title=The Limits of Convergence|author=Mauro F. Guillén | author-link=Mauro F. Guillén| chapter=Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor | pages=126 (Table 5.1) | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-691-11633-4}}</ref> a ]<ref name="regionalpower"/><ref name="regionalpower2"/> and an ],<ref name="emergingmarket"/> hence its presence in major economic groups such as the ] and the ].


==Foreign policy== ==Foreign policy==
].]] ].]]
The Article 89, Section 10 of the ] states the principles of the Mexican foreign policy,<ref name="CPEUM89">{{cite web | author= Political Constitution of the United Mexican States | title=Article 89, Section 10 | date=February 5, 1917 | publisher=Chamber of Deputies | url=http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf | accessdate=March 28, 2009|language=es}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> which were officially incorporated in 1988.<ref>Pereña-García (2001), p. 35.</ref> The direction that the foreign policy will take lies on the ], as the ],<ref name="CPEUM89"/> and it is executed through the ].<ref name="SRE">{{cite web | author= Internal Rules of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Article 2, Section 1 | date=August 10, 2001 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acerca/marco_normativo/reglamento.htm#1 | accessdate=March 28, 2009|language=es}}</ref> Textually, the article establishes that: The Article 89, Section 10 of the ] states the principles of the Mexican foreign policy,<ref name="CPEUM89">{{cite web|author=Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |title=Article 89, Section 10 |date=February 5, 1917 |publisher=Chamber of Deputies |url=http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf |access-date=March 28, 2009 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916033121/http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> which were officially incorporated in 1988.<ref>Pereña-García (2001), p. 35.</ref> The direction that the foreign policy will take lies on the ], as the ],<ref name="CPEUM89"/> and it is executed through the ].<ref name="SRE">{{cite web | author=Internal Rules of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Article 2, Section 1 | date=August 10, 2001 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acerca/marco_normativo/reglamento.htm#1 | access-date=March 28, 2009 | language=es | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611012801/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acerca/marco_normativo/reglamento.htm#1 | archive-date=June 11, 2008}}</ref> Textually, the article establishes that:
{{quote|The powers and duties of the ] are the following: {{blockquote|The powers and duties of the ] are the following:
:X. To direct the ] and conclude ], as well as end, denounce, suspend, modify, emend, retire reserves and formulate interpretative declarations about the formers, submitting them to the ratification of the ]. In the conducting of this policy, the ] will observe the following standard principles: the ], the ], the ], the proscription of threat or the use of force in the ], the ], the ] for development, and the struggle for ] and ].}} : X. To direct the ] and conclude ], as well as end, denounce, suspend, modify, emend, retire reserves and formulate interpretative declarations about the formers, submitting them to the ratification of the ]. In the conducting of this policy, the ] will observe the following standard principles: the ], the ], the ], the proscription of threat or the use of force in the ], the ], the ] for development, and the struggle for ] and ].}}


{{Main|Estrada Doctrine}} {{Main|Estrada Doctrine}}
], ], ], ] at the ].]]

Aside from these principles constitutionally recognized, the foreign policy has been based on some ]s. The ] as the most influential and representative instrument in this field, proclaimed in the early 1930s and strictly applied until 2000,<ref name=estradadoctrine/> claimed that foreign governments should not judge, positively or negatively, the governments or changes in government of other nations, since such action would be a breach of their ].<ref>{{cite web |language=es |last=Rodríguez |first=Itzel |title=De actualidad política: ¿Qué dice la doctrina Estrada? |url=http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/h_mexicanas/s.xx/estrada/estrada1.htm |access-date=April 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331175152/http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/h_mexicanas/s.xx/estrada/estrada1.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2009}}</ref> This policy was said to be based on the principles of ], ] and ].<ref name=estradadoctrine>{{cite web |language=es |last=Palacios Treviño |first=Jorge |title=La Doctrina Estrada y el Principio de la No-Intervención |url=http://www.diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/DOCTRINAESTRADA.pdf |access-date=April 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206085102/http://diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/DOCTRINAESTRADA.pdf |archive-date=February 6, 2009}}</ref>
] at the ]]]

Aside from these principles constitutionally recognized, the foreign policy has been based on some ]s. The ] as the most influential and representative instrument in this field, proclaimed in the early 1930s and strictly applied until 2000,<ref name=estradadoctrine/> claimed that foreign governments should not judge, positively or negatively, the governments or changes in government of other nations, in that such action would imply a breach to their ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| last=Rodríguez | first=Itzel | title=De actualidad política: ¿Qué dice la doctrina Estrada? | url=http://sepiensa.org.mx/contenidos/h_mexicanas/s.xx/estrada/estrada1.htm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> This policy was said to be based on the principles of ], ] and ].<ref name=estradadoctrine>{{cite web|language=Spanish| last=Palacios Treviño | first=Jorge | title=La Doctrina Estrada y el Principio de la No-Intervención | url=http://www.diplomaticosescritores.org/obras/DOCTRINAESTRADA.pdf | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref>
{{Main|Castañeda Doctrine}} {{Main|Castañeda Doctrine}}
During the first presidency of the ], ] appointed ] to be his ]. Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the "]".<ref>{{cite web | last=Menéndez Quintero | first=Marina | title=Adiós, Castañeda | url=http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/909.cfm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the ], and the increase of Mexican involvement in ].<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramírez | first=Carlos | title=Doctrina Estrada; doctrina Castañeda | url=http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm | date=September 28, 2001 | accessdate=April 4, 2009|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090723163555/http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm|archivedate=2009-07-23}}</ref> During the first presidency of the ], ] appointed ] to be his ]. Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the "]".<ref>{{cite web | last=Menéndez Quintero | first=Marina | title=Adiós, Castañeda | url=http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/909.cfm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=April 19, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419070104/http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/909.cfm | url-status=live }}</ref> The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the ], and the increase of Mexican involvement in ].<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramírez | first=Carlos | title=Doctrina Estrada; doctrina Castañeda | url=http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm | date=September 28, 2001 | access-date=April 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723163555/http://mx.geocities.com/cencoalt/110901/doctrina.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2009}}</ref>


On November 28, 2006, ] ] announced that ] would serve as his Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting on December 1, 2006. Her declared priorities include the diversification of the ], heavily concentrated on ] and ], and the rebuilding of ] with ] and ], which were heavily strained during the ].<ref name="Espinosa">{{cite web | author= Benavides, Carlos | title="Se hará política exterior de Estado": Patricia Espinosa | date=November 29, 2006 | work=] | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/145990.html | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=es}}</ref> As well as giving greater priority to Latin America and the ] states.<ref name="Calderon FP">{{cite web | author= Dirección General de Coordinación Política | title=Se hará política exterior de Estado: Patricia Espinosa | date=December 2, 2008 | publisher=Senate of the Republic | url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2008/12/04/1&documento=4 | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=es}}</ref> On November 28, 2006, former President ] announced that ] would serve as his Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting on December 1, 2006. He declared priorities include the diversification of the ], heavily concentrated on ] and ], and the rebuilding of ] with ] and ], which were heavily strained during the ],<ref name="Espinosa">{{cite web | author=Benavides, Carlos | title="Se hará política exterior de Estado": Patricia Espinosa | date=November 29, 2006 | work=] | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/145990.html | access-date=March 29, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=April 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412053605/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/145990.html | url-status=live }}</ref> as well as giving greater priority to Latin America and the ] states.<ref name="Calderon FP">{{cite web |author=Dirección General de Coordinación Política |title=Se hará política exterior de Estado: Patricia Espinosa |date=December 2, 2008 |publisher=Senate of the Republic |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2008/12/04/1&documento=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513104203/http://www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2008%2F12%2F04%2F1&documento=4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 13, 2011 |access-date=March 29, 2009 |language=es}}</ref>


==Diplomatic relations== ==Diplomatic relations==
[[File:Diplomatic missions of Mexico4.png|thumb|right|375px|Mexican diplomatic missions overseas.{{legend|Green|Mexico.}} [[File:Diplomatic missions of Mexico4.png|thumb|right|375px|Mexican diplomatic missions overseas.{{legend|#23B14B|Mexico.}}
{{legend|Blue|Embassy.}}{{legend|#709AD1|Representative Office in the ] and Mexican Trade Office in ].}}]] {{legend|#3432A2|Embassy.}}{{legend|#709AD1|Representative Office in the ] and Mexican Trade Office in ].}}]]
The Mexican foreign service officially started in 1822,<ref name="historysre">{{cite web | author= Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Historia de la Estructura Administrativa de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores y del Servicio Exterior Mexicano | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acercasre/acercasre.html | accessdate=April 4, 2009|language=es}}</ref> the year after the signing of the ], which marked the beginning of ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 519-523.</ref> In 1831, legislation was passed that underpinned the establishment of diplomatic representations with other states in Europe and the Americas.<ref name="historysre"/> The Mexican foreign service officially started in 1822,<ref name="historysre">{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Historia de la Estructura Administrativa de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores y del Servicio Exterior Mexicano | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acercasre/acercasre.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=August 24, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824021537/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acercasre/acercasre.html | url-status=live }}</ref> the year after the signing of the ], which marked the beginning of ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 519-523.</ref> In 1831, legislation was passed that underpinned the establishment of diplomatic representations with other states in Europe and the Americas.<ref name="historysre"/>


As a ]<ref name="regionalpower">{{cite web|title=Japan's Regional Diplomacy, Latin America and the Caribbean|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2006/05.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref><ref name="regionalpower2">{{cite web|title=Latin America: Region is losing ground to competitors|publisher=Oxford Analytica|url=http://www.oxanstore.com/displayfree.php?NewsItemID=130098|accessdate=April 4, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and ],<ref name="emergingmarket">{{cite web | author=Diego Cevallos | title=G8: Despite Differences, Mexico Comfortable as G5 Emerging Power | publisher=IPS | date=June 5, 2007 | url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38056 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> Mexico holds a significant global presence. As of 2009, the ] has over 150 representations at its disposal overseas, which include:<ref>{{cite web | author=Secretary of Foreign Affairs | title=Diplomatic Offices | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/english/ | date=March 7, 2009 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> As a ]<ref name="regionalpower">{{cite web|title=Japan's Regional Diplomacy, Latin America and the Caribbean|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2006/05.pdf|access-date=April 4, 2009|archive-date=November 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113062428/https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2006/05.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="regionalpower2">{{cite web|title=Latin America: Region is losing ground to competitors |publisher=Oxford Analytica |url=http://www.oxanstore.com/displayfree.php?NewsItemID=130098 |access-date=April 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024190633/http://www.oxanstore.com/displayfree.php?NewsItemID=130098 |archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> and ],<ref name="emergingmarket">{{cite web | author=Diego Cevallos | title=G8: Despite Differences, Mexico Comfortable as G5 Emerging Power | publisher=IPS | date=June 5, 2007 | url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38056 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816044329/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38056 | archive-date=August 16, 2008}}</ref> Mexico holds a significant global presence. As of 2009, the ] has over 150 representations at its disposal overseas, which include:<ref>{{cite web | author=Secretary of Foreign Affairs | title=Diplomatic Offices | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/english/ | date=March 7, 2009 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=September 20, 2005 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050920185753/http://www.sre.gob.mx/english/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* 80 embassies. * 79 embassies.
* 68 consulates. * 68 consulates.
* 6 permanent missions. * 8 permanent missions.


In the early 1970s, Mexico recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole and legitimate government of China,<ref>{{cite web | title=Situation in Mainland China | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/POLICY/other/bluebook/1972/1972-1-5.htm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> therefore issues related to the ] (Taiwan) are managed through the Office of Consular Liaison under the circumscription of the Consulate General of Mexico in the ] of Hong Kong and ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Introduction to the Consulate General of Mexico | publisher=Consulate General of Mexico in Hong Kong and Macau | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/hongkongenglish/ | date=March 7, 2009 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> In addition, Mexico does not recognize ] as an independent country.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Notimex | title=México aún no reconoce a Kosovo | publisher=CNN Expansión | url=http://www.cnnexpansion.com/actualidad/2008/02/19/mexico-aun-no-reconoce-a-kosovo | date=February 18, 2008 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Mexico recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole and legitimate government of China,<ref>{{cite web | title=Situation in Mainland China | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/POLICY/other/bluebook/1972/1972-1-5.htm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=August 3, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803012149/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/1972/1972-1-5.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> therefore issues related to the ] (Taiwan) are managed through the Office of Consular Liaison under the circumscription of the Consulate General of Mexico in the ] of Hong Kong and ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Introduction to the Consulate General of Mexico | publisher=Consulate General of Mexico in Hong Kong and Macau | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/hongkongenglish/ | date=March 7, 2009 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=March 7, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307170345/http://www.sre.gob.mx/hongkongenglish/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, Mexico does not recognize ] as an independent country.<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Notimex | title=México aún no reconoce a Kosovo | publisher=CNN Expansión | url=http://www.cnnexpansion.com/actualidad/2008/02/19/mexico-aun-no-reconoce-a-kosovo | date=February 18, 2008 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708172306/http://www.cnnexpansion.com/actualidad/2008/02/19/mexico-aun-no-reconoce-a-kosovo | archive-date=July 8, 2011 | url-status=dead}}</ref>


Historically, Mexico has remained neutral in ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Gustavo Iruegas | title=Adiós a la neutralidad | date=April 27, 2007 | work=La Jornada | url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/04/27/index.php?section=opinion&article=023a2pol | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the ] in order to allow the ], ] or ] to collaborate with the United Nations in ], or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.<ref name="neutral">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ricardo Gómez & Andrea Merlos | title=Diputados, en Favor de Derogar Neutralidad en Guerras | date=April 20, 2007 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/150273.html | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> Historically, Mexico has remained neutral in ].<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Gustavo Iruegas | title=Adiós a la neutralidad | date=April 27, 2007 | work=La Jornada | url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/04/27/index.php?section=opinion&article=023a2pol | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=February 27, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227154140/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/04/27/index.php?section=opinion&article=023a2pol | url-status=live }}</ref> However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the ] in order to allow the ], ] or ] to collaborate with the United Nations in ], or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.<ref name="neutral">{{cite web | language=es | author=Ricardo Gómez & Andrea Merlos | title=Diputados, en Favor de Derogar Neutralidad en Guerras | date=April 20, 2007 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/150273.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=October 15, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015201504/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/150273.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== List of countries with diplomatic relations ==
List of countries which Mexico maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date
|-
|1
|{{Flag|United States}}
|{{DTS|12 December 1822}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Mexico |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/mexico |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=December 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202133159/https://history.state.gov/countries/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|{{DTS|23 January 1823}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embajada del Perú en México - Información institucional |url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/embajada-del-peru-en-mexico/institucional |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=November 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130073208/https://www.gob.pe/institucion/embajada-del-peru-en-mexico/institucional |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{Flag|Colombia}}
|{{DTS|3 October 1823}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=América |url=https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/internacional/politica/regiones/america |access-date=29 June 2023 |language=es |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629120021/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/internacional/politica/regiones/america |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{DTS|26 December 1826}}<ref name="britain">{{Cite web|author=Presidency of the Republic EPN|date=3 November 2014 |title=Relación bilateral México - Reino Unido |url=https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relacion-bilateral-mexico-reino-unido |access-date=30 July 2024|website=]|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909035438/https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relacion-bilateral-mexico-reino-unido|archive-date=9 September 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|15 June 1827}}<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |title=Estudios monográficos |publisher=Dirección General de Documentación e Informe Presidencial |year=1973 |pages=130}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|{{dts|15 June 1827}}<ref name=":9" />
|-
|7
|{{Flag|Denmark}}
|{{dts|19 July 1827}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Revista del Comercio Exterior |publisher=Mexico. Dirección General de Comercio Exterior y del Servicio Consular |year=1942 |volume=7 |issue=13–24 |pages=39–41 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 February 1831}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=México y Uruguay, una relación constante |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/uruguay/images/pdf/MxicoUruguayEntrevista.pdf |page=34 |language=es |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709140803/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/uruguay/images/pdf/MxicoUruguayEntrevista.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{Flag|Chile}}
|{{Dts|7 March 1831}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Egbert |first1=Lawrence Deems |title=Manual de referencia de tratados comerciales latinoamericanos |last2=Cooper |first2=Donald H. |publisher=United States Tariff Commission |year=1941 |pages=214 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{Flag|Paraguay}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 June 1831}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Estrada |first=Genaro |title=Archivo Histórico Genaro Estrada: guía temática |volume=1 |pages=170 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|11
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 November 1831}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Mexico and Bolivia celebrate the 190th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-and-bolivia-celebrate-the-190th-anniversary-of-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations?idiom=en |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161035/https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-and-bolivia-celebrate-the-190th-anniversary-of-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations?idiom=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 April 1834}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estampa de México en Brasil - Estampa do México no Brasil |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/brasil/images/pdf/2021/boletin/boletin_mayo2021.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=pt, es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709162455/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/brasil/images/pdf/2021/boletin/boletin_mayo2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{Flag|El Salvador}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 May 1835}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2023 |title=El Salvador y México cumplen hoy 185 años de relaciones diplomáticas |language=es |url=https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/el-salvador-y-mexico-cumplen-hoy-185-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas |access-date=18 May 2023 |archive-date=May 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518185735/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/el-salvador-y-mexico-cumplen-hoy-185-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|14
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|{{Dts|8 September 1835}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho |publisher=Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |year=2003 |pages=528–529 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|15
|{{Flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|28 December 1836}}<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=29 November 2016 |title=28 de diciembre de 1836, España reconoce oficialmente la independencia de México |url=https://www.gob.mx/sedena/documentos/28-de-diciembre-de-1836-espana-reconoce-oficialmente-la-independencia-de-mexico?state=published |access-date=18 August 2022 |language=es |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508004144/https://www.gob.mx/sedena/documentos/28-de-diciembre-de-1836-espana-reconoce-oficialmente-la-independencia-de-mexico?state=published |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- style="background:#D3D3D3"
|—
|{{Flag|Ecuador}} (suspended)
|{{dts|15 November 1837}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2016 |title=Cronología de las Relaciones internacionales del Ecuador (1830-1845) |url=https://boletin.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/afiche_cronologia.pdf |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=es |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407171315/https://boletin.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/afiche_cronologia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2024 |title=México rompe relaciones diplomáticas con Ecuador tras ataque a su embajada |url=https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1776524411090162082 |access-date=6 April 2024 |language=es |archive-date=April 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406090441/https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1776524411090162082 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|16
|{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|1839}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acerca de la Representación |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nicaragua/index.php/embajada/bienvenidos |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175832/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nicaragua/index.php/embajada/bienvenidos |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|17
|{{Flag|France}}
|{{Dts|27 February 1840}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1839 Firma del Tratado de Paz y Amistad Perpetua con Francia |url=https://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1839TPF.html |access-date=9 March 2022 |language=es |archive-date=September 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927162550/https://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1839TPF.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|18
|{{Flag|Guatemala}}
|{{dts|6 September 1848}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=24 July 2021 |language=es |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409073937/https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dhO..Vwwo9gqIk67IvyWTUpTEKSPMMvJ5MD3M777TbA-1712648377-0.0.1.1-1557 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|19
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|15 December 1874}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2016 |title=Relaciones bilaterales México-Italia |url=https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relaciones-bilaterales-mexico-italia |language=es |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161036/https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relaciones-bilaterales-mexico-italia |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{Flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|3 August 1876}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Memoria de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1878 |pages=vii |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{dts|26 February 1879}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2016 |title=México y Honduras fortalecen relación bilateral |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/en/articulos/mexico-y-honduras-fortalecen-relacion-bilateral |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709162455/https://www.gob.mx/sre/en/articulos/mexico-y-honduras-fortalecen-relacion-bilateral |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Orgullosos de celebrar el 145º aniversario de la relación diplomática de México con la República de Honduras establecida el 26 de febrero de 1879 |url=https://x.com/ComceOficial/status/1762203011336581319 |access-date=26 May 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|22
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|6 December 1879}}<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Países |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises |access-date=2 July 2022 |language=pt |archive-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618113458/https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|31 December 1882}}<ref name=":0" />
|-
|24
|{{Flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|29 July 1885}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Información general sobre Suecia |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/suecia/informacion-sobre-suecia |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021014223/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/suecia/informacion-sobre-suecia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|25
|{{Flag|Japan}}
|{{dts|30 November 1888}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia de la Relación Bilateral |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php/es/embajada/relacion-politica/120-relacion-politica-mx-jpn/historia-de-la-relacion-bilateral/318-historia-esp |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709153341/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php/es/embajada/relacion-politica/120-relacion-politica-mx-jpn/historia-de-la-relacion-bilateral/318-historia-esp |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|26
|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|{{DTS|20 December 1888}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relación Política México-Argentina |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argentina/index.php/mexico-argentina/politicos-menu |access-date=27 June 2023 |language=es |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627120639/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argentina/index.php/mexico-argentina/politicos-menu |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|27
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{dts|29 March 1890}}<ref name=":0" />
|-
|28
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|11 December 1890}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=México y Rusia: 130 años de relaciones diplomáticas |url=https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/598621/Libro_CD05-Mex-Rus-especial__2_.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709153342/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/598621/Libro_CD05-Mex-Rus-especial__2_.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|29
|{{Flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|14 May 1902}}<ref name=":0" />
|-
|30
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|20 May 1903}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Cuba y México, más de un siglo de hermandad |url=https://cubaminrex.cu/es/node/4608 |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{Dts|9 April 1906}}<ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=regjeringen.no |language=no |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922045702/https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{Dts|20 July 1922}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia de relaciones bilaterales entre Chequia y México |url=https://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/relaciones_bilaterales/mexico/historia_relaciones.html |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161037/https://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/relaciones_bilaterales/mexico/historia_relaciones.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|33
|{{flag|Panama}}
|{{dts|1923|05|29|format=dmy}}<ref name="date2">{{cite web |title=RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ |url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021 |page=195}}</ref>
|-
|34
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|13 January 1926}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kovács |first=Attila Miklós |date=2022 |title=Mexico and Hungary: Political, Diplomatic, Economic, and Cultural Relations |journal= |pages=32 |doi=10.29105/pgc8.15-2 |s2cid=244276271 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|35
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|{{dts|14 July 1927}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Boletín oficial de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, Issue 48 |year=1927 |pages=44 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|26 February 1928}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA EMBAJADA DE MÉXICO EN POLONIA |url=https://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMPolonia.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |page=7 |language=es |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106005616/https://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMPolonia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|37
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{dts|12 July 1928}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2013 |title=Relaciones diplomáticas México - Turquía |url=https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relaciones-diplomaticas-mexico-turquia |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161037/https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relaciones-diplomaticas-mexico-turquia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|38
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{dts|11 July 1929}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoy conmemoramos el 92 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Mexico y Haiti |url=https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1414239487987785734?s=20 |access-date=16 April 2023 |website=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish) |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419202729/https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1414239487987785734?s=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|39
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|26 July 1935}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |access-date=2 July 2022 |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327210336/https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|40
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|2 October 1936}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=México y Finlandia: 80 años de amistad |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/index.php/noticias/noticias2/45-documental-80-years-of-friendship |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161041/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/index.php/noticias/noticias2/45-documental-80-years-of-friendship |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|41
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|6 January 1938}}<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |language=bg |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704212150/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|42
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|17 May 1938}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=México-Grecia |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/index.php/relaciones-bilaterales/46-grecia |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709163651/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/index.php/relaciones-bilaterales/46-grecia |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|43
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|30 January 1944}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linwood |first=DeLong |date=January 2020 |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607090946/https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|44
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|12 June 1945}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2020 |title=75 Aniversario de Relaciones Diplomáticas México – Líbano |url=https://www.gob.mx/correosdemexico/acciones-y-programas/75-aniversario-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-mexico-libano |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709163628/https://www.gob.mx/correosdemexico/acciones-y-programas/75-aniversario-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-mexico-libano |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|45
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|28 May 1946}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral cooperation |url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia |archive-date=December 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224235340/https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|46
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|8 January 1947}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=BULLETIN D'INFORMATION |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1947/BID_1947_1/BID_1947_1.pdf |page=9 |language=fr |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526183059/https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1947/BID_1947_1/BID_1947_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|47
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|1 November 1949}}<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA. |url=https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-26-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_ETIOPIA.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723230939/https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-26-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_ETIOPIA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|48
|{{flag|India}}
|{{dts|1 August 1950}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA EMBAJADA DE MÉXICO EN LA INDIA |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMIndia.pdf |page=5 |language=es |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063111/https://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMIndia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{flag|Syria}}
|{{dts|20 August 1950}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES V DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA. |url=https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801113728/https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|50
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|25 September 1950}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2020 |title=CELEBRAN INSTALACIÓN DEL GRUPO DE AMISTAD MÉXICO-IRAK EN LA CÁMARA DE DIPUTADOS |language=es |url=https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/blog/2020/02/27/celebran-instalacion-del-grupo-de-amistad-mexico-irak-en-la-camara-de-diputados/ |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709150553/https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/blog/2020/02/27/celebran-instalacion-del-grupo-de-amistad-mexico-irak-en-la-camara-de-diputados/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|51
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{dts|1 July 1952}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relaciones políticas México-Israel |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/israel/index.php/es/relaciones-con-israel |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709163650/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/israel/index.php/es/relaciones-con-israel |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|52
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|12 September 1952}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ASIA-PACíFICO |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen_JAMO.pdf |access-date=15 May 2023 |language=es |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605184408/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen_JAMO.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|53
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|29 August 1952}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Länder |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender |access-date=23 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|54
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|6 April 1953}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=El Mercado de valores |publisher=Nacional Financiera, S.A. |year=2001 |volume=61 |issue=1–6 |pages=11 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|55
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|14 April 1953}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|56
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|19 January 1955}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2022 |title=México y Pakistán celebran la V Reunión del Mecanismo de Consultas en Materias de Interés Común |language=es |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-y-pakistan-celebran-la-v-reunion-del-mecanismo-de-consultas-en-materias-de-interes-comun |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709161043/https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-y-pakistan-celebran-la-v-reunion-del-mecanismo-de-consultas-en-materias-de-interes-comun |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|57
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{dts|31 March 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023 |title=Embajada de México en Egipto |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto/index.php/es/la-embajada-de-mexico-en-egipto/acerca-de-esta-representacion |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709151352/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto/index.php/es/la-embajada-de-mexico-en-egipto/acerca-de-esta-representacion |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|58
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|19 April 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=10 July 2022 |language= |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|59
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|{{dts|27 June 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=¿Qué relación económica tiene México con Afganistán? |url=https://www.dineroenimagen.com/economia/que-relacion-economica-tiene-mexico-con-afganistan/136503 |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906122254/https://www.dineroenimagen.com/economia/que-relacion-economica-tiene-mexico-con-afganistan/136503 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|{{DTS|8 August 1961}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Ghana |url=https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1556643484639133696?s=20 |access-date=30 April 2023 |website=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{DTS|16 November 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2021 |title=México y Túnez: 60 años de relaciones diplomáticas cordiales |language=es |url=https://www.milenio.com/opinion/varios-autores/valija-diplomatica/mexico-tunez-60-anos-relaciones-diplomaticas-cordiales |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709151353/https://www.milenio.com/opinion/varios-autores/valija-diplomatica/mexico-tunez-60-anos-relaciones-diplomaticas-cordiales |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 January 1962}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia de México: Fuentes-Guerra |publisher=Enciclopedia de México |year=2005 |pages=3753 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 January 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023 |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524200503/https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|64
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{Date table sorting|9 May 1962}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Mexico de Hoy |year=1975 |volume=294–311 |pages=9 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|65
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{DTS|31 October 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relación Bilateral México-Marruecos |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/marruecos/index.php/es/bienvenida/relacion-bilateral/mexico-marruecos |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709163628/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/marruecos/index.php/es/bienvenida/relacion-bilateral/mexico-marruecos |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|24 March 1964}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=Government of Iceland |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001104210/https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|67
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{dts|21 October 1964}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relación bilateral |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argelia/index.php/acerca-de-la-embajada/cronologia-mex-alg |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709151351/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argelia/index.php/acerca-de-la-embajada/cronologia-mex-alg |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|68
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|14 March 1966}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dictamen de las Comisiones Unidas de Relaciones Exteriores y de Relaciones Exteriores, Asia-Pacífico |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen23.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=May 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507012129/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen23.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|69
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{dts|29 April 1966}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoy conmemoramos el 56 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Trinidad y Tobago |url=https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1520047758501105664?s=20 |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Relaciones Exteriores |language=es |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606154222/https://twitter.com/SRE_mx/status/1520047758501105664?s=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|70
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{Date table sorting|4 February 1967}}<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|71
|{{flag|China}}
|{{dts|14 February 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2022 |url=http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202202/14/WS6209af01a310cdd39bc865d0.html |title=Mexico, China celebrate 50 years of friendship |website=China Daily - Global Edition |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116125705/http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202202/14/WS6209af01a310cdd39bc865d0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|72
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 September 1972}}<ref name="diplomaticrelations">{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS |url=http://foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados)}}</ref>
|-
|73
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{DTS|19 February 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia de México |year=1987 |volume=13 |pages=7553 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|74
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|{{DTS|1 March 1973}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{DTS|19 July 1973}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ASIA-PACÍFICO |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen_Nueva_Zelandia.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=May 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517062141/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen_Nueva_Zelandia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{DTS|23 January 1974}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2015 |title=Dr. Newry appointed Non-resident Ambassador of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas to Mexico |url=http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/international/H_E_Dr_Eugene_G_Newry_Presents_Credentials_To_Mexican_President_Enrique_Pena_Nieto42580.shtml |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709151401/http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/international/H_E_Dr_Eugene_G_Newry_Presents_Credentials_To_Mexican_President_Enrique_Pena_Nieto42580.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|77
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|{{DTS|21 February 1974}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores - Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1973 |pages=27}}</ref>
|-
|78
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{DTS|27 March 1974}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|79
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|15 October 1974}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores |publisher=Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1975 |pages=39}}</ref>
|-
|80
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|11 April 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|81
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{dts|19 May 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|82
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|24 June 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|83
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{dts|30 June 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|84
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|8 July 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|85
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|9 July 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|86
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|23 July 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|87
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|31 July 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|88
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|31 July 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|89
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|5 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|90
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|5 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|91
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|5 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|92
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|6 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|93
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|{{dts|16 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|94
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|21 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|95
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|28 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|96
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|31 August 1975}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|97
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 September 1975}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores - Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1976 |pages=26 and 36–37 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 September 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|99
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 September 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|100
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 September 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|101
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 October 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|102
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|29 October 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|103
|{{flag|Togo}}
|{{dts|29 October 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|104
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|30 October 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|105
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|6 November 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|106
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|{{dts|13 November 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|107
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{dts|14 November 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|108
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|15 November 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|109
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|25 November 1975|format=dmy}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|110
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{dts|25 November 1975|format=dmy}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|111
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|{{dts|5 December 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|112
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|23 December 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|113
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{dts|23 December 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|114
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|23 December 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|115
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|{{dts|26 December 1975}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|116
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|21 January 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|117
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{dts|19 February 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|118
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|20 February 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|119
|{{flag|Angola}}
|{{dts|20 February 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|120
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|25 February 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|121
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|{{dts|10 March 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|122
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|14 April 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|123
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{dts|19 May 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|124
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{dts|22 June 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|125
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{dts|30 June 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|126
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|{{dts|30 June 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|127
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|{{dts|30 July 1976}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|128
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|{{dts|10 October 1976|format=dmy}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|129
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|29 November 1976|format=dmy}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|130
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|15 March 1977}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|131
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|23 March 1977}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|132
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{dts|28 July 1977}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
|133
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{DTS|19 April 1979}}<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores - Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1979 |pages=17 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|134
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{DTS|17 May 1979}}<ref name=":7" />
|-
|—
|{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}
|{{DTS|24 September 1979}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Las Relaciones México y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática|url=http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org/rasd-en-mexico/rel-diplomaticas.html|publisher=Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática en México|language=es|access-date=2012-03-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306095322/http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org/rasd-en-mexico/rel-diplomaticas.html|archive-date=2012-03-06}}</ref>
|-
|135
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{DTS|4 September 1980}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alcalá |first=José Ricardo González |title=Relaciones de México con Corea del Norte: Ganancias o pérdidas |trans-title=Mexico’s relations with North Korea: Profit or Loss |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8063853.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |page=42 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709153341/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8063853.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|136
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 September 1981}}<ref name=":07">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2017 |access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|137
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 October 1982}}
|-
|138
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 March 1983}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores – Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1983 |pages=40}}</ref>
|-
|139
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{Dts|14 September 1984}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antigua y Barbuda |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/santalucia/index.php/embajada/concurrencias/antigua-y-barbuda |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=es |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415223245/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/santalucia/index.php/embajada/concurrencias/antigua-y-barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|140
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{Dts|12 March 1985}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=NOMBRAMIENTOS DIPLOMÁTICOS DE RECIENTE INGRESO AL SENADO DE LA REPÚBLICA EN ÁFRICA, EL CARIBE Y EUROPA |url=https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/NI_Nombramientos_Senado_270218.pdf |page=10 |language=es |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/NI_Nombramientos_Senado_270218.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|141
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 June 1986}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia de México |year=1987 |pages=7277 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|142
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{dts|30 October 1986}}<ref name=":2" />
|-
|143
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|26 February 1988}}<ref name=":8" />
|-
|144
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|22 June 1989}}<ref name=":8" />
|-
|145
|{{Flag|Namibia}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 April 1990}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republica de Namibia - Ficha país |url=https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/LXIII_3_serieafrica_1.pdf |access-date=30 April 2022 |page=18 |language=es |archive-date=May 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517194651/https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/LXIII_3_serieafrica_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|146
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{Date table sorting|31 July 1990}}<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407041049/https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|147
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{Date table sorting|31 July 1990}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |access-date=27 August 2021 |pages=104–112 |archive-date=June 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616144127/https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|148
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|{{dts|10 September 1990}}<ref name=":13">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Mexico and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Mexico+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|149
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|1990}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Comparecencia del Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores, Lic. Fernando Solana Morales ante el Senado de la República Mexicana, diciembre 4 de 1990 |publisher=Senado de la República, LIV Legislatura |year=1990 |pages=38 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|150
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|2 October 1991|format=dmy}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|151
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|5 November 1991}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
|-
|152
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|27 November 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005195123/https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|153
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|5 December 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405100158/https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|154
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|12 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406133026/https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|155
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Mexico |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/mx |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709151353/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/mx |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|156
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Revista mexicana de política exterior |publisher=IMRED |year=1992 |volume=34/35 |pages=73 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|157
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref name="Americas">{{cite web |title=Relations with countries of the American region |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/america |accessdate=23 August 2019 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine |archive-date=November 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128114933/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/america |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|158
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|4 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=MFA Moldova |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002439/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|159
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|10 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign policy - bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160023/https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|160
|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719154253/https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|161
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{Date table sorting|1992|3|27|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru |archive-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009033809/https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|162
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{Dts|27 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|163
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|164
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|8 June 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaceta del Senado MIÉRCOLES 15 DE AGOSTO DE 2018 / GACETA: LXIII/3SPR-29/82954 |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/64/gaceta_del_senado/documento/82954 |access-date=1 September 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|165
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|10 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=10 May 2023 |language=sl |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Holy See}}
|{{dts|21 September 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations of the Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=5 September 2022 |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022620/https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|166
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{DTS|6 December 1992}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|167
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{dts|28 January 1993|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pacífico- áfrica |url=http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2023/03/asun_4519386_20230322_1679504263.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325073921/http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2023/03/asun_4519386_20230322_1679504263.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|168
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|23 June 1993}}<ref name=":10" />
|-
|169
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Dts|1 October 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526210042/https://www.mzv.sk/staty |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|170
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|27 October 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically) |url=https://www.dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=23 November 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513171628/https://www.dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|171
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{dts|1 July 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2009 |title=México y Liechtenstein celebran XV aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas |url=http://www.protocolo.com.mx/internacional/mexico-y-liechtenstein-celebran-xv-aniversario-de-relaciones-diplomaticas/ |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=es |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718165230/http://www.protocolo.com.mx/internacional/mexico-y-liechtenstein-celebran-xv-aniversario-de-relaciones-diplomaticas/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|172
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{DTS|5 May 1995}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|173
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|{{DTS|10 December 1998}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|174
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{DTS|15 August 2001}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|175
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{dts|21 September 2001}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|176
|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{dts|27 September 2001}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|177
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{DTS|4 October 2001}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|178
|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 October 2001}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317135821/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=4 April 2022 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref>
|-
|179
|{{flag|East Timor}}
|{{dts|26 September 2003}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|180
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|{{dts|13 October 2005}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ASIA- P ACÍFICO- ÁFRICA |url=https://comisiones.senado.gob.mx/relaciones_exteriores/reu/docs/dictamen1_250321.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709125052/https://comisiones.senado.gob.mx/relaciones_exteriores/reu/docs/dictamen1_250321.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|181
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{DTS|27 September 2006}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|182
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{Dts|22 May 2007}}<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=it |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311203622/https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|183
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{DTS|5 June 2007}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|184
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{dts|21 March 2008}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007 |url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718081941/https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|185
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{dts|26 September 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|186
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|{{dts|26 September 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|187
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|{{DTS|13 October 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|188
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{DTS|21 October 2008}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|189
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|26 September 2011}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2011 |title=México establece relaciones diplomáticas con Sudán del Sur |language=es |url=https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/mexico-establece-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-sudan-del-sur_tLn4kUVNfbTXYcQmxJfUV6/ |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709155510/https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/mexico-establece-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-sudan-del-sur_tLn4kUVNfbTXYcQmxJfUV6/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|190
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|{{DTS|4 February 2020}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|—
|{{flag|Cook Islands}}
|{{DTS|21 November 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bravo |first=Alfredo Pérez |date=21 November 2023 |title=México fortalece su presencia en el Pacífico Sur. Con la Alta Comisionada HE Kairangi Samuela, tuve el honor de realizar el canje de notas con el cual se reconoció la existencia de relaciones diplomáticas entre México e Islas Cook. |language=es |url=https://twitter.com/PerezBravoA/status/1726743575101378743 |access-date=November 21, 2023 |archive-date=November 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121225849/https://twitter.com/PerezBravoA/status/1726743575101378743 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}


==Bilateral relations== ==Bilateral relations==
===Africa===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||<!--Date started-->October 21, 1964||See ]


* Algeria has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/argelia/|title=Embajada y Consulado de Argelia &#124; Instituto Nacional de Migracion|website=www.inm.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329133413/https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/argelia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===North America===
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Algeria>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argelia/|title=Acerca de la Embajada|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502054950/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argelia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
], President ], Prime Minister ]. (Seated) ], ], ].]]
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Since the ] (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, relations between Canada, Mexico and the United States have significantly strengthened politically, economically, socially and culturally.<ref>{{cite web | author=International Policy Statement | title=The future of Canada-Mexico relations | publisher=Revista Mexicana de Estudios Canadienses | url=http://revista.amec.com.mx/num_11_2006/Gal-Or_Noemi.htm | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref> During the ], a further integration towards Mexico's northern neighbors was a top priority.<ref name="politicalaffairs"/> The ] changed the priorities of ] toward the strengthening of regional security.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 25</ref> As a result, several trilateral summit meetings regarding this issue have occurred within the framework of the ] (SPP), a region-level dialogue with the stated purpose of providing greater cooperation on security and economic issues,<ref name="TACiht"/> founded in ] on March 23, 2005 by ], former ], ], then-], and ], former President of the United States.<ref name="TACiht">{{Cite news | last=Bennett| first=Drake | title=The Amero Conspiracy | newspaper=] | date=April 9, 2009 | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/25/america/25Amero.php}}</ref>
|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Date started-->February 20, 1976||See ]


* Angola is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
Other issues of concern are the ones related to conservation and protection of the environment, the ] (NAAEC) consists of a declaration of principles and objectives concerning this issues as well as concrete measures to further cooperation on these matters tripartitely.<ref>{{cite web | title=North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation | publisher=NAAEC official Canadian website | url=http://www.naaec.gc.ca/eng/index_e.htm | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref> In addition, the ] advocates a greater economic and social integration between Canada, Mexico and the U.S. as a ].<ref>{{cite web | title=Building a North American Community | publisher=Council on Foreign Relations | date=May 2005 | url=http://www.cfr.org/project/423/independent_task_force_on_north_america.html | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref> It is a group of prominent business, political and academic leaders from the three countries organized and sponsored by the ] (U.S.), the ], and the ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales | title=Organizaciones Afiliadas | publisher=Official website | url=http://www.consejomexicano.org/index.php?instituciones | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Angola from its embassy in ], ]<ref name=Nigeria>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nigeria/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=November 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124223150/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nigeria/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref> and has an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://consuladohonorario-mx.co.ao/ |title=Honorary Consulate of Mexico in Luanda (in Spanish) |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823111924/http://consuladohonorario-mx.co.ao/ |archive-date=August 23, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Benin}}||<!--Date started-->1975||


* Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.beninembassy.us/ |title=Embassy of Benin in the United States |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-date=October 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005100123/https://beninembassy.us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==={{Flag|Canada}}===
* Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
{{Main|Canada–Mexico relations}}
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|{{flag|Botswana}}||<!--Date started-->December 5, 1975||


* Botswana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.botswanaembassy.org/|title=Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C. &#124; Embassy of the Republic of Botswana in Washington, D.C.|website=www.botswanaembassy.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203082348/http://www.botswanaembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Formal relations did not begin until 1944,<ref name="canada">{{cite web | author=Canadian Embassy in Mexico | title=Bilateral Cooperation | publisher=Government of Canada | url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mexico-mexique/bilat/bilat.aspx?lang=en | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> at the height of the Second World War, which both countries participated in on the ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Editors of Legacy Publishers | title=The Axis Conquers the Philippines: January 1942 – July 1942 | publisher=Legacy Publishers | url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/axis-conquers-philippines12.htm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> Prior to the negotiations around the ] (NAFTA), economic and political ties between Mexico and Canada were relatively weak. Since NAFTA has come into force, the two countries have become much more important to each other, and often collaborate when dealing with the United States, for example with issues related to the ] imposed to ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 208.</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504120721/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}||<!--Date started-->1976||


* Burkina Faso is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://burkina-usa.org/|title=Burkina Faso Embassy USA|website=Burkina Faso Embassy USA|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028154929/https://burkina-usa.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Currently, Mexico and Canada are close friends and strategic partners and benefit from a very active bilateral relationship which includes ever increasing ], high-level political exchanges and an expanding collaborative network between Mexicans and Canadians in areas such as ], culture, energy, education, good ], human rights and ] modernization. And more recently, both countries have been building a ] and defense relationship.<ref name="canada"/>
* Mexico is accredited to Burkina Faso from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
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|{{flag|Burundi}}||<!--Date started-->July 28, 1977||


* Burundi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://burundiembassy-usa.com/index.php/en/|title=Burundi Embassy Washington D.C.|website=burundiembassy-usa.com|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/https://burundiembassy-usa.com/index.php/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In recent years, both partners along with Italy, Argentina, Pakistan and other eight countries have sought a ]<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215"/> Which form a group informally called the ], that opposes to the proposition of the ].<ref name="coffeeclub"/>
* Mexico is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate ].<ref name=Kenya>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/kenia/|title=Home|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702215454/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/kenia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Consulates>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|title=Honorary consulate of Mexico in Gaborone (in Spanish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109142321/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Cameroon}}||<!--Date started-->1975||


* Cameroon is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cameroonembassyusa.org/camusa/ |title=Embassy of Cameroon in the United States |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501100804/http://cameroonembassyusa.org/camusa/ |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==={{Flag|United States}}===
* Mexico is accredited to Cameroon from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
{{Main|Mexico–United States relations}}
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] and U.S. ] ] days before ].]]
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}||<!--Date started-->1976||
When Mexico ] from Spain in 1821, the United States was the first country to recognize it.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 541.</ref> On December 12, 1822 the then-] ] introduced José Manuel Zozoya, the first Mexican representative, to the then-U.S. president ] in the ]. Through this event, the U.S. recognized ''de facto'' the independence of Mexico and the recently born ] led by ]. However, ] did not establish ] formally with Mexico until 1825, naming ] as its representative, who had the mission of ] and getting trading facilities.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 89.</ref>


* Cape Verde is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/ |title=Embassy of Cape Verde in the United States |access-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204195749/http://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
], shown in white, and the later ], shown in brown.]]
* Mexico is accredited to Cape Verde from its Permanent Mission to the ] in New York City.<ref name=UN>{{Cite web|url=https://mision.sre.gob.mx/onu/|title=INICIO|website=mision.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629203736/https://mision.sre.gob.mx/onu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acervo.sre.gob.mx/images/libros/RI/vol_7_africa.pdf |title=History of Diplomatic Relations of Mexico: Africa and the Middle East (in Spanish) |access-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-date=April 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406101928/https://acervo.sre.gob.mx/images/libros/RI/vol_7_africa.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The ] was a conflict that sparked when the ] in 1845 and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 96.</ref> The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for two years, was settled via the ] which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the U.S., including California.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 99-100.</ref> Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern ] and ]) to the U.S. via the ] in 1854.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 101-102.</ref>
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|{{flag|Central African Republic}}||<!--Date started-->February 4, 2020||


Both nations established diplomatic relations on February 4, 2020, in ], with the signing done by their respective ambassadors to the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-establece-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-la-republica-centroafricana|title=México establece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Centroafricana|first=Secretaría de Relaciones|last=Exteriores|website=gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193459/https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-establece-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-la-republica-centroafricana|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the ], that lasted from 1858 to 1861, the liberals led by ], were given the U.S. recognition as the legitimate government in Mexico.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 100-103.</ref> Meanwhile, the conservatives, headed by ], ] and ], brought a European Emperor to govern the country, ], which led to the ] in 1862,<ref name="VF 105"/> violating the ], there was nothing the U.S. could do, as it was involved in its ].<ref name="Flores106"/> Affecting Mexico's foreign policy, both sides, the ] and the ], were looking for international recognition as well. The ] was ideologically closer to the Union, but geographically Mexico shared a large border with the Confederacy.<ref name="Flores106">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 106-108.</ref> In 1861, the then-U.S. President ] named ] as his minister for Mexico and instructed him to neutralize the Mexican aid given to the Confederates; he successfully achieved this mission.<ref name="Flores106"/> Once the civil war ended, then-Secretary of State ] declared that the French invasion in Mexico was harmful to the friendship between France and the U.S., and Washington provided financial aid to ], who successfully expelled the French in 1867.<ref name="Flores106"/>
* Central African Republic does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to the Central African Republic from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
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|{{flag|Chad}}||<!--Date started-->February 25, 1976||See ]


Chad and Mexico established diplomatic relations on February 25, 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |title=Mexico-Chad relations (in Spanish) |access-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426133551/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2002, Chadian Prime Minister ] paid a visit to the Mexican city of ] to attend the ] conference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/ffd/statements/templist.htm|title=Summit-level participation - Monterrey Consensus|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329130240/http://www.un.org/ffd/statements/templist.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Lasting for seven years, the 1910 ] ended the rule of the dictator-president ]. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Díaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 759-762.</ref> After the war, the various groups that made up the ] splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Díaz —leading to a civil war.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 771-772.</ref> The U.S. intervened in the conflict, including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador, ], in the plotting of the ] which overthrew Madero.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 776-780.</ref>
* Chad is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chadembassy.us/|title=Home|website=My Site|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/https://www.chadembassy.us/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Chad from its embassy in ], ].<ref name=Egypt>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112190852/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Comoros}}||<!--Date started-->October 2008||


* The Comoros does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
] of the United States (right) with U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, ] observing the damage done by the earthquake.]]
* Mexico is accredited to the Comoros from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=Kenya />
The ] caused several problems with the British and American transnational oil companies mainly derived from the article 27, which declares that "the wealth contained in the soil, the ], the waters and seas of Mexico belongs to the Nation; the right to land ownership and to exploit the subsoil may therefore only be granted by the Nation."<ref>{{cite web | title=1917 Constitution of Mexico | publisher=Illinois State University | date=February 5, 1917 | url=http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html#TitleIChapterI | accessdate=April 5, 2009}}</ref> Due to foreign pressure, the implementation of the article was continuously ignored by the government until March 18, 1938 when then-President ] ] the oil industry.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 134-136.</ref> ] replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, as well as an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=History Channel | title=Historia del Petróleo | publisher=YouTube | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk | accessdate=April 5, 2009}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}||<!--Date started-->July 31, 1975||See ]
Both nations established diplomatic relations on July 31, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-26-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_ETIOPIA.pdf |title=Mexico's relations with Africa: DR Congo (in Spanish) |access-date=May 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826235944/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-26-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_ETIOPIA.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* DR Congo does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to DR Congo from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<ref name=Ethiopia />
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|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}||<!--Date started-->1990||


* Republic of the Congo is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambacongo-us.org/|title=Embassy of the Republic of Congo in Washington DC > Home|website=www.ambacongo-us.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=December 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202232514/http://www.ambacongo-us.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the ], demonstrating independence from the United States, Mexico supported the ] during the 1960s,<ref name="keller"/> the ] in Nicaragua during the late 1970s,<ref name="salaverry"/> and leftist revolutionary groups in ] during the 1980s.<ref name="elsalvador"/>
* Mexico is accredited to the Republic of the Congo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
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|{{flag|Djibouti}}||<!--Date started-->June 22, 1989||


* Djibouti is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
The ] (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, which led to the ] and other ]s between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 13-16</ref> The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries.<ref name="Selle1">Selee (2007), p. 1</ref> The free trade agreement has been increasingly opposed by ], with many groups and the ] presenting that it hurts the interest of traditional, small and local farmers in both countries.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 3-5</ref> Allegations of ] and ] have been considered by the trilateral institutions.<ref name="Selee5">Selee (2007), p. 5-8</ref> The ] argued that NAFTA had had modest positive impacts on all three member countries, but ] have strongly criticized the effects of the agreement as they have become overshadowed by the large corporations benefiting from NAFTA.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 3</ref> Notable bilateral trade disputes relate to trucking, tuna, ] and ].<ref name="Selee2">Selee (2007), p. 2-3</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Ethiopia /><ref name=Consulates />
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|{{flag|Egypt}}||<!--Date started-->March 31, 1958||See ]


* Egypt has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Mexico/Pages/default.aspx |title=Embassy of Egypt in Mexico City |access-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403082246/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Mexico/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>
],<ref name="Selee5"/> ]<ref>Selee (2007), p. 13</ref> and ]<ref name="Selee2"/> have dominated the bilateral relationship in recent years. In September 2006, Congress approved the ] (P.L. 109-367) to authorize the construction of a ] along 700 miles of the ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Congress of the U.S. | title=Secure Fence Act of 2006 | publisher=The Library of Congress | date=October 26, 2006 | url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:HR06061:@@@L&summ2=m&%7CTOM:/bss/d109query.html| accessdate=April 5, 2009}}</ref> In March 2009, Secretary of State ] officially visited Mexico to discuss issues of concern for both countries, specifically the ones related to drug trafficking and U.S. financial support in the ].<ref>{{cite news | author=Lander, Mark | title=Clinton Says U.S. Feeds Mexico Drug Trade | publisher=The New York Times | date=March 25, 2009 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | accessdate=April 5, 2009}}</ref> Another persistent and growing problem<ref>{{cite web | author=Palsrok, Ryan | title=War Within Families: How Child Custody Battles Impact Foreign Affairs | publisher=] | date=August 31, 2009 | url=http://www.foreignpolicydigest.org/War-and-Peace-August-2009/August-2009/war-within-families-how-child-custody-battles-impact-foreign-affairs.html | accessdate=April 16, 2010}}</ref> is the ] by non-custodial parents and family members. Mexico is the most common destination for parents that have abducted their children across international borders with the vast majority of those children coming from the United States.<ref>{{cite web | author=Allen, Ernie | title=CHILD ABDUCTIONS: GLOBALLY, NATIONALLY AND ALONG THE U.S./MEXICO BORDER | publisher=The ] | date=August 31, 2009 | url=http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_US&PageId=4109 | accessdate=April 16, 2010}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Egypt />
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|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||<!--Date started-->September 26, 1975||See ]

Both nations established diplomatic relations on September 26, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/2/2016-12-13-1/assets/documentos/Dic_RE_ratifica_nombreamiento_Nigeria.pdf|title=Relaciones Diplomaticas de México con África: Guinea Ecuatorial (in Spanish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

* Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.egembassydc.com/copy-of-la-embajada-1|title=Jurisdiction of Equatorial Guinea's embassy in the United States|accessdate=June 20, 2023}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
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|{{flag|Eritrea}}||<!--Date started-->June 23, 1993||

* Eritrea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.embassyeritrea.org/ |title=Embassy of Eritrea in the United States |access-date=May 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318120825/http://www.embassyeritrea.org/ |archive-date=March 18, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Eritrea from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.<ref name=Egypt />
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|{{flag|Eswatini}}||<!--Date started-->December 23, 1975||

* Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php/department/88-foreign-affairs-a-international-cooperation/452-permanent-mission-of-the-kingdom-of-swaziland-to-the-united-nations-new-york |title=Permanent Mission of Eswatini to the United Nations |access-date=September 2, 2020 |archive-date=October 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002071942/http://www.gov.sz/index.php/department/88-foreign-affairs-a-international-cooperation/452-permanent-mission-of-the-kingdom-of-swaziland-to-the-united-nations-new-york |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Eswatini from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
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|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Date started-->1949||See ]

After the ], Mexico was the only country to condemn the Italian occupation of Ethiopia at the ]. Since then, relations between the two nations have strengthened.
In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia thanked Mexico by naming a square in the city called "Mexico Square". Mexico named a metro station in Mexico City called ].
* Ethiopia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ethiopianembassy.org/|title=home - Embassy of Ethiopia|date=May 19, 2023|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193457/https://ethiopianembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Ethiopia>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/etiopia/|title=Embajada de México en Etiopía|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723232711/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/etiopia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Gabon}}||<!--Date started-->March 1976||

* Gabon is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gabonembassyusa.org/en/|title=Embassy of the Gabonese Republic, USA|website=Official Website of the Gabonese Embassy to the United States|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029102033/https://www.gabonembassyusa.org/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Gabon from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Gambia}}||<!--Date started-->August 15, 1975||

* Gambia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.<ref name=Ghana>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ghana/|title=Información Relevante|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=March 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171345/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ghana/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ghana}}||<!--Date started-->August 8, 1961||See ]
Ghana and Mexico established diplomatic relations on August 8, 1961. Soon afterwards, both nations opened embassies in each other's capitals, respectively. In 1972, Ghana closed its embassy in Mexico City. Mexico closed its embassy in Accra in 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Black/Gaceta/Anteriores/61/2012/ene/20120118-III/DictamenaD-12.html |title=Gaceta Parlamentaria, Número 3432-III, miércoles 18 de enero de 2012: Ghana (in Spanish) |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063203/http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Black/Gaceta/Anteriores/61/2012/ene/20120118-III/DictamenaD-12.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mexico re-opened its embassy in Ghana in 2013.

* Ghana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghanaembassy.org/ |title=Embassy of Ghana in the United States |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519213026/http://www.ghanaembassy.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Ghana />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea}}||<!--Date started-->January 25, 1962||

* Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/guinea/|title=Embajada de la República de Guinea &#124; Instituto Nacional de Migracion|website=www.inm.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193459/https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/guinea/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||<!--Date started-->1975||

* Guinea-Bissau does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Guinea-Bissau from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.<ref name=Morocco>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/marruecos/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193457/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/marruecos/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||<!--Date started-->November 13, 1975||See ]

* Ivory Coast has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ambacimex.org/|title=Embajada de Costa de Marfil - Principal|website=www.ambacimex.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610235429/https://www.ambacimex.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Ivory Coast from its embassy in ], ]<ref name=Morocco /> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Honorary>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|title=Honorary consulate of Mexico in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109142321/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kenya}}||<!--Date started-->March 15, 1977||See ]

* Kenya is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/ |title=Embassy of Kenya in the United States |access-date=January 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212103151/http://kenyaembassy.com/ |archive-date=December 12, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Kenya />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lesotho}}||<!--Date started-->1975||

* Lesotho is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lesothoemb-usa.gov.ls/home/ |title=Embassy of Lesotho in the United States |access-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222205036/http://www.lesothoemb-usa.gov.ls/home/ |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Lesotho from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liberia}}||<!--Date started-->1976||

* Liberia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberianembassyus.org/|title=Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Liberia in the United States &#124; Embassy of the Republic of Liberia in the United States|website=www.liberianembassyus.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628202051/https://www.liberianembassyus.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.<ref name=Ghana />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}||<!--Date started-->August 6, 1975||See ]

* Libya has an embassy in Mexico City.
* Mexico is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.<ref name=Algeria />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Madagascar}}||<!--Date started-->December 26, 1975||

* Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madagascar-embassy.org/en/ |title=Embassy of Madagascar in the United States |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022155339/http://www.madagascar-embassy.org/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Pretoria /><ref name=Madagascar>{{Cite web |url=http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2018/03/asun_3672287_20180301_1519921395.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Malawi and Madagascar (in Spanish) |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082642/http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2018/03/asun_3672287_20180301_1519921395.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malawi}}||<!--Date started-->December 10, 1998||

* Malawi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/ |title=Embassy of Malawi in the United States |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205121034/http://www.malawiembassy-dc.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Madagascar />
* Mexico is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mali}}||<!--Date started-->March 23, 1977||

* Mali is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maliembassy.us/|title=Home 1|website=Mali Embassy|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/https://maliembassy.us/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Mali from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco and has an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Morocco /><ref name=Consulates />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mauritania}}||<!--Date started-->June 24, 1975||

* Mauritania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
* Mexico is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Algeria /><ref name=Consulates />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mauritius}}||<!--Date started-->July 30, 1976||

* Mauritius is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.govmu.org/portal/sites/mfamission/washington/index.htm |title=Embassy of Mauritius in the United States |access-date=October 11, 2017 |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010232536/http://www1.govmu.org/portal/sites/mfamission/washington/index.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Pretoria /><ref name=Consulates />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Date started-->October 31, 1962||See ]

* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref name=Morocco /> and a trade office in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/casablanca |title=Casablanca |website=Promexico.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307063004/http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/casablanca |archive-date=March 7, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Morocco has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marruecos.org.mx/ |title=Embassy of Morocco in Mexico |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103040220/http://marruecos.org.mx/ |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mozambique}}||<!--Date started-->February 26, 1988||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
* Mozambique is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Namibia}}||<!--Date started-->April 17, 1990||See ]
Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Namibia on April 17, 1990. In 1993, Mexico opened an embassy in ], however, the embassy was closed in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf |title=Mexico-Namibia relations (in Spanish) |access-date=May 15, 2017 |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402063942/https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
* Namibia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://namibiaembassyusa.org/|title=Embassy Of The Republic Of Namibia|website=namibiaembassyusa.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193507/https://namibiaembassyusa.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Niger}}||<!--Date started-->November 6, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Niger from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
* Niger is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embassyofniger.org/|title=Home Page 02|date=May 26, 2021|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193500/https://embassyofniger.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||<!--Date started-->April 14, 1976||See ]

* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Nigeria />
* Nigeria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigerianembmexico.org/|title=Home &#124; Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Mexico|website=nigerianembmexico|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619170000/https://www.nigerianembmexico.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Rwanda}}||<!--Date started-->January 21, 1976||

* Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Kenya /><ref name=Consulates />
* Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rwandaembassy.org/|title=The Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda – USA|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705151644/https://rwandaembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}||<!--Date started-->September 8, 1979||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to the Sahrawi Republic from its Permanent Mission to the ] in New York City.<ref name=UN />
* Sahrawi Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org |title=Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática en México |website=Embajadasaharauimexico.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116111047/http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org/ |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}||<!--Date started-->~1989<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revistadigital.sre.gob.mx/public/error.html|title=Revista Digital|website=revistadigital.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621012637/https://revistadigital.sre.gob.mx/public/error.html|url-status=live}}</ref>||

* Mexico is accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.<ref name=UN />
* São Tomé and Príncipe does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Senegal}}||<!--Date started-->May 1962||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Senegal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.<ref name=Morocco /> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|title=Honorary consulate of Mexico in Dakar, Senegal|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109142321/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Senegal is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/ |title=Embassy of Senegal in the United States (in French) |access-date=March 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225160435/http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/ |archive-date=December 25, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Seychelles}}||<!--Date started-->1986||

* Mexico is accredited to the Seychelles from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=Kenya />
* Seychelles does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||<!--Date started-->1976||

* Mexico is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.<ref name=Ghana />
* Sierra Leone does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Somalia}}||<!--Date started-->August 5, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Somalia from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<ref name=Ethiopia />
* Somalia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||<!--Date started-->26 October 1993||See ]

There were no official relations between Mexico and South Africa before 1993. After the end of ] in South Africa, the countries established relations.
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Pretoria />
* South Africa has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/sa_abroad/sam.htm |title=South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation: Mexico |access-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-date=May 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515023440/http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/sa_abroad/sam.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||<!--Date started-->September 26, 2011||

* Mexico is accredited to South Sudan from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<ref name=Ethiopia />
* South Sudan does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sudan}}||<!--Date started-->October 19, 1982||
Mexico and Sudan established diplomatic relations on October 19, 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2013/04/asun_2975596_20130425_1366902612.pdf|title=México y Sudán (in Spanish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425032244/http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2013/04/asun_2975596_20130425_1366902612.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Mexico is accredited to Sudan from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt<ref name=Egypt /> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Honorary />
* Sudan does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||<!--Date started-->February 19, 1973||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya<ref name=Kenya /> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|title=Honorary consulate of Mexico in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109142321/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/8936/CON_HON_160415_AFRICA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tanzania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.us.tzembassy.go.tz/|title=Embassy of Tanzania in Washington D.C, USA|website=www.us.tzembassy.go.tz|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626022532/https://www.us.tzembassy.go.tz/|url-status=live}}</ref> and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://foreigntanzania.blogspot.com/2012/02/membe-for-enhanced-bilateral-ties-with.html |title=Membe for enhanced bilateral ties with Mexico |access-date=November 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050409/http://foreigntanzania.blogspot.com/2012/02/membe-for-enhanced-bilateral-ties-with.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Togo}}||<!--Date started-->October 29, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name=Nigeria />
* Togo is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.togoleseembassy.com/ |title=Embassy of Togo in the United States |access-date=January 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816035918/http://togoleseembassy.com/ |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||<!--Date started-->November 17, 1961||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Algeria />
* Tunisia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tunisianembassy.org/|title=EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA|website=EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028090313/https://www.tunisianembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uganda}}||<!--Date started-->February 20, 1976||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya<ref name=Kenya /> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Honorary />
* Uganda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://washington.mofa.go.ug/|title=Embassy of the Republic of Uganda &#124; Washington, DC - USA|website=washington.mofa.go.ug|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704160305/https://washington.mofa.go.ug/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||<!--Date started-->October 15, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
* Zambia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambiaembassy.org/|title=Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Zambia in Washington, D.C. &#124; Embassy of the Republic of Zambia in Washington, D.C.|website=www.zambiaembassy.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607182744/https://zambiaembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||<!--Date started-->March 1985||See ]
Mexico and Zimbabwe established diplomatic relations in March 1985. Mexico opened an embassy in ] in 1990, however, the embassy later closed in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf|title=Relations between Mexico and Zimbabwe (in Spanish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=April 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402063942/https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref name=Pretoria />
* Zimbabwe is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zimembassydc.gov.zw/ |title=Embassy of Zimbabwe in the United States |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516112755/http://www.zimembassydc.gov.zw/ |archive-date=May 16, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}


===Americas=== ===Americas===
]]]
Mexico is an observer of several regional organizations such as the ] (UNASUR), the ] (Mercosur) and the ] (CAN). Former ] ] expressed, during a ] in Mexico City, that Mexico should become a full member of Mercosur,<ref>{{cite web | title="It's essential" that Mexico joins Mercosur says Kirchner | date=July 31, 2007 | publisher=MercoPress | url=http://en.mercopress.com/2007/07/31/it-s-essential-that-mexico-joins-mercosur-says-kirchner | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> other Latin American leaders such as ]<ref>{{cite web | title=Argentine and Brazilian Presidents invite Mexico to consider membership in Mercosur | date=August 8, 2007 | url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6834417/ARGENTINE-BRAZILIAN-PRESIDENTS-INVITE-MEXICO.html | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> and ] share this vision and have extended the invitation, the latter emphasized Mexico's key role in integration of Latin America and the Caribbean and stated that:<ref>{{cite web | title=Mexico Plays Key Role in Integration of Latin America, declares Uruguay | date=June 23, 2008 | publisher=Presidency of Mexico | url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=36556&imprimir=true | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref>
], President ], Prime Minister ]. (Seated) ], ], ].]]

Since the ] (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, relations between Canada, Mexico and the United States have significantly strengthened politically, economically, socially and culturally.<ref>{{cite web |format=International Policy Statement |title=The future of Canada-Mexico relations |publisher=Revista Mexicana de Estudios Canadienses |url=http://revista.amec.com.mx/num_11_2006/Gal-Or_Noemi.htm |access-date=April 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120213130/http://revista.amec.com.mx/num_11_2006/Gal-Or_Noemi.htm |archive-date=November 20, 2008}}</ref> During the ], a further integration towards Mexico's northern neighbors was a top priority.<ref name="politicalaffairs" /> The ] changed the priorities of ] toward the strengthening of regional security.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 25</ref> As a result, several trilateral summit meetings regarding this issue have occurred within the framework of the ] (SPP), a region-level dialogue with the stated purpose of providing greater cooperation on security and economic issues,<ref name="TACiht" /> founded in ] on March 23, 2005, by ], former ], ], then-], and ], former President of the United States.<ref name="TACiht">{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Drake |title=The Amero Conspiracy |newspaper=] |date=April 9, 2009 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/25/america/25Amero.php |access-date=April 9, 2009 |archive-date=January 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118214725/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/25/america/25Amero.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other issues of concern are the ones related to conservation and protection of the environment, the ] (NAAEC) consists of a declaration of principles and objectives concerning this issues as well as concrete measures to further cooperation on these matters tripartitely.<ref>{{cite web |title=North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation |publisher=NAAEC official Canadian website |url=http://www.naaec.gc.ca/eng/index_e.htm |access-date=April 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206084302/http://www.naaec.gc.ca/eng/index_e.htm |archive-date=February 6, 2006}}</ref> In addition, the Independent Task Force on North America advocates a greater economic and social integration between Canada, Mexico and the U.S. as a ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Building a North American Community |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |date=May 2005 |url=http://www.cfr.org/project/423/independent_task_force_on_north_america.html |access-date=April 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520125313/http://www.cfr.org/project/423/independent_task_force_on_north_america.html |archive-date=May 20, 2009}}</ref> It is a group of prominent business, political and academic leaders from the three countries organized and sponsored by the ] (U.S.), the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, and the ].<ref>{{cite web |language=es |author=Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales |title=Organizaciones Afiliadas |publisher=Official website |url=http://www.consejomexicano.org/index.php?instituciones |access-date=April 9, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303025730/http://www.consejomexicano.org/index.php?instituciones |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Mexico is an observer of several regional organizations such as the ] (UNASUR), the ] (Mercosur) and the ] (CAN). Former ] ] expressed, during a ] in Mexico City, that Mexico should become a full member of Mercosur,<ref>{{cite web |title="It's essential" that Mexico joins Mercosur says Kirchner |date=July 31, 2007 |publisher=MercoPress |url=http://en.mercopress.com/2007/07/31/it-s-essential-that-mexico-joins-mercosur-says-kirchner |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224190454/http://en.mercopress.com/2007/07/31/it-s-essential-that-mexico-joins-mercosur-says-kirchner |url-status=live }}</ref> other Latin American leaders such as ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Argentine and Brazilian Presidents invite Mexico to consider membership in Mercosur |date=August 8, 2007 |url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6834417/ARGENTINE-BRAZILIAN-PRESIDENTS-INVITE-MEXICO.html |access-date=April 16, 2009}}</ref> and ] share this vision and have extended the invitation, the latter emphasized Mexico's key role in integration of Latin America and the Caribbean and stated that:<ref>{{cite web |title=Mexico Plays Key Role in Integration of Latin America, declares Uruguay |date=June 23, 2008 |publisher=Presidency of Mexico |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=36556&imprimir=true |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011645/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=36556&imprimir=true |url-status=live }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
Line 83: Line 1,130:
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began ! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes !Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}||<!--Date started-->September 14, 1984||See ]

* Antigua and Barbuda has a non-resident ambassador accredited to Mexico from its capital in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/2/2017-04-27-1/assets/documentos/Dic_REALC_Emb_Sta.Lucia_Oscar_Esparza.pdf |title=Mexico's Relations with the Caribbean |access-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-date=April 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114522/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/2/2017-04-27-1/assets/documentos/Dic_REALC_Emb_Sta.Lucia_Oscar_Esparza.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda from its embassy in ], ] and maintains an honorary consulate in St. John's.<ref name=Castries>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/santalucia/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=November 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123155507/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/santalucia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||<!--Date started-->1824||See ] |{{flag|Argentina}}||<!--Date started-->1824||See ]
] along with Argentine President ] in ], Mexico; February 2021.]]


First contacts started in 1818 with the ].<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina">{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Argentina | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/argentina/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=116&op=page&SubMenu= | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> Due to internal conflicts in each nation, relations between Mexico and Argentina were established '']'' until the 1880s when both countries officially accredited their respective representations, upgraded to embassies in 1927.<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina"/> On May 20, 1914, accredited diplomats from Argentina, ] and ], known as the ], met in ], Canada, to prevent a war between Mexico and the United States, potentially possible due to measures taken by then-U.S. President ] concerning the ].<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123"/> First contacts started in 1818 with the ].<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina">{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Bilateral relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Argentina |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/argentina/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=116&op=page&SubMenu= |access-date=April 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185954/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/argentina/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=116&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref> Due to internal conflicts in each nation, relations between Mexico and Argentina were established '']'' until the 1880s when both countries officially accredited their respective representations, upgraded to embassies in 1927.<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina" /> On May 20, 1914, accredited diplomats from Argentina, ] and ], known as the ], met in ], Canada, to prevent a war between Mexico and the United States, potentially possible due to measures taken by then-U.S. President ] concerning the ].<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123" />


Relations reached their lowest point during the ], because of the ] provided by Mexico to ] and Abal Medina.<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina"/> Nearly at the end of the ] in April 1982, Argentina challenged the ] when they ]. Mexico acknowledged the Argentine rights over the islands but condemned the use of force to solve the conflict and supported a resolution of the ] (UNSC) that called for an end of hostilities.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 159.</ref> Relations reached their lowest point during the ], because of the ] provided by Mexico to ] and Abal Medina.<ref name="Mexican Embassy in Argentina" /> Nearly at the end of the ] in April 1982, Argentina challenged the ] when they ]. Mexico acknowledged the Argentine rights over the islands but condemned the use of force to solve the conflict and supported a resolution of the ] (UNSC) that called for an end of hostilities.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 159.</ref>


In 2005, during the ] in ], Argentina, tensions between the two countries started when former President ] canceled the anticipatively programmed bilateral reunion with then-] ].<ref name="VF 353">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 353.</ref> At the Summit, Fox actively promoted the ] (FTAA) and suggested the exclusion of those who did not agree; Argentina, Brazil and ] argued that the Summit was not meant to discuss the FTAA and rejected the proposition.<ref name="VF 353"/> At the end of the ceremony, Fox expressed that "the most important countries of the Americas (Canada, Mexico and the U.S.) supported the FTAA, and the secondary ones (], Venezuela and the members of ]) were against it".<ref name="VF 353"/> Later, he criticized Kirchner's interest of "pleasing the Argentine ]",<ref name="VF 354">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 354.</ref> who responded that "Fox should only care for the affairs that involve Mexico and good diplomacy was not about bowing down to powerful countries".<ref name="VF 354"/> The respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs redacted a joint ''communiqué'' apologizing for the incident and reminded the "importance of the good relations for both countries".<ref name="VF 354"/> In 2007, when Kirchner paid a ], he and President ] signed a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" to strengthen bilateral ties.<ref>{{cite web | title=President Kirchner to Visit Mexico | publisher=Prensa Latina | url=http://www.plenglish.com/article.asp?ID={0128A1E0-CB13-4BDF-9190-C12515AF158A})&language=EN | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> In 2005, during the ] in ], Argentina, tensions between the two countries started when former President ] canceled the anticipatively programmed bilateral reunion with then-] ].<ref name="VF 353">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 353.</ref> At the Summit, Fox actively promoted the ] (FTAA) and suggested the exclusion of those who did not agree; Argentina, Brazil and ] argued that the Summit was not meant to discuss the FTAA and rejected the proposition.<ref name="VF 353" /> At the end of the ceremony, Fox expressed that "the most important countries of the Americas (Canada, Mexico and the U.S.) supported the FTAA, and the secondary ones (], Venezuela and the members of ]) were against it".<ref name="VF 353" /> Later, he criticized Kirchner's interest of "pleasing the Argentine ]",<ref name="VF 354">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 354.</ref> who responded that "Fox should only care for the affairs that involve Mexico and good diplomacy was not about bowing down to powerful countries".<ref name="VF 354" /> The respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs redacted a joint ''communiqué'' apologizing for the incident and reminded the "importance of the good relations for both countries".<ref name="VF 354" /> In 2007, when Kirchner paid a ], he and President ] signed a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" to strengthen bilateral ties.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Kirchner to Visit Mexico |publisher=Prensa Latina |url=http://www.plenglish.com/article.asp?ID={0128A1E0-CB13-4BDF-9190-C12515AF158A})&language=EN |access-date=April 16, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>


In recent years, both partners, along with Colombia, Italy, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and six other countries, developed a movement called ], nicknamed the "Coffee Club", in opposition to the ].<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215"/> Argentina and Mexico, specifically, do not support the integration of Brazil as a permanent member of the UNSC.<ref name="coffeeclub"/> In recent years, both partners, along with Colombia, Italy, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and six other countries, developed a movement called ], nicknamed the "Coffee Club", in opposition to the ].<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215" /> Argentina and Mexico, specifically, do not support the integration of Brazil as a permanent member of the UNSC.<ref name="coffeeclub" />
* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Argentina has an embassy in ] and a consulate in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embajadaargentina.mx/ |title=Embajada Argentina en Mexico |website=Embajadaargentina.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615024750/http://www.embajadaargentina.mx/ |archive-date=June 15, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argentina/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=November 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113191253/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/argentina/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahamas}}||<!--Date started-->January 24, 1974||See ]

* The Bahamas is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahamasembdc.org/|title=The Embassy of the Bahamas &#124; Washington, DC|website=Embassy of the Bahamas to the United States|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619141154/http://www.bahamasembdc.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to the Bahamas from its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Jamaica>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/jamaica/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719235339/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/jamaica/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Barbados}}||<!--Date started-->September 11, 1972||See ]

* Barbados is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foreign.gov.bb/about-the-ministry/heads-of-missions |title=Barbados Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801174816/http://www.foreign.gov.bb/about-the-ministry/heads-of-missions |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Trinidad>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/trinidadytobago/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814004334/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/trinidadytobago/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2011/07/asun_2784362_20110727_1311780461.pdf|title=Naming of Mexican Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Suriname|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715072710/http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2011/07/asun_2784362_20110727_1311780461.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belize}}||<!--Date started-->1981||See ] |{{flag|Belize}}||<!--Date started-->1981||See ]


Diplomatic relations between both nations were established in 1981 after Belize obtained independence from the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between both nations were established in 1981 after Belize obtained independence from the United Kingdom.
*Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belice/ |title=Embajada De México En Belice |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |date=April 19, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211162656/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belice/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Belize has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Belize has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D61%3A16%26catid%3D35 |title=Belice |access-date=June 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626173551/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61%3A16&catid=35 |archive-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of the ] and the ]. * Both countries are members of the ] and the ].
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bolivia}}||<!--Date started-->1831||See ] |{{flag|Bolivia}}||<!--Date started-->1831||See ]
].]]

* Bolivia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Bolivia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embol.org.mx/wordpress_1943653169/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929162549/http://embol.org.mx/wordpress_1943653169/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 29, 2013 |title=Embajada del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia en México |website=Embol.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/bolivia/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211162733/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/bolivia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Both nations are full members of the ], ], ] and ]. Both nations are full members of the ], ], ] and ].
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||<!--Date started-->7 August 1824||See ] |{{flag|Brazil}}||<!--Date started-->August 7, 1824||See ]
], president of Brazil (right).]]
Mexico and Brazil represent more than half of population, territory and ] in Latin America, and have the major prestige in the region.<ref name="Brazil" /> Considered as ] by analysts,<ref name="regionalpower" /><ref name="regionalpower2" /> relations between the two countries remain good. In the economic area, both are members of the ], the ] and the ].<ref name="Brazil" />


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Brazil were formally established in the 1820s.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 33.</ref> During the ], and subsequent ], every Latin American country, except ] and the ], refused to recognize the government of ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 106.</ref> In 1914, an ]<ref>http://navyhistory.med.navy.mil/Publications/Booklets/Navy%20Medicine%20in%20Vera%20Cruz%20--%20Booklet.pdf {{dead link|date=September 2016}}</ref> that was enough to lead the U.S. to send troops to occupy the ], which coincided with the provision of military aid by Germany to General ].<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 123.</ref> The governments of Argentina, Brazil and Chile, that were given the term ], supported by then-] ], offered their mediation to ]. The ABC countries met in Niagara Falls, Canada to prevent a war between Mexico and the U.S.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123" /> Legitimate President ] refused to participate because discussions regarding the ideal ] that should be established in Mexico took place at the Niagara Falls conferences. Followers of Carranza condemned these actions and refused to accept any foreign aid.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123" /> Nonetheless, the ] was successfully implemented during the following years. Since the 1970s, relations between Mexico and Brazil have been substantially strengthened.<ref>{{cite web|language=es |title=Memorandum de Antecedentes |publisher=Senado de la República Mexicana |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/60/2/2008-04-28-1/assets/documentos/tratado_brasil.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001905/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/60/2/2008-04-28-1/assets/documentos/tratado_brasil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=April 9, 2009}}</ref>
Mexico and Brazil represent more than half of population, territory and ] in Latin America, and have the major prestige in the region.<ref name="Brazil"/> Considered as ] by analysts,<ref name="regionalpower"/><ref name="regionalpower2"/> relations between the two countries remain good. In the economic area, both are members of the ], the ] and the ].<ref name="Brazil"/>


In October 2006, President-elect ] visited Brazilian President ], to deepen the dialogue and cooperation between the two countries.<ref name="Brazil" /> The governments of Brazil and Mexico look for maintaining an opened dialogue with several visits to strengthen the bilateral relations and allow a major exchange in areas such as ], human rights, environment and energy.<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web|language=es |author=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Bilateral relations |publisher=Brazilian Embassy in Mexico |url=http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php |access-date=April 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202092819/http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php |archive-date=February 2, 2009}}</ref> Thus the Brazil-Mexico Bilateral Commission was released in March 2007 to strengthen their relations.<ref>{{cite web|language=es |author=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Primera Reunión de la Comisión Binacional México-Brasil |publisher=Brazilian Embassy in Mexico |url=http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php |access-date=April 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202092819/http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php |archive-date=February 2, 2009}}</ref> In August 2007, when President "Lula" da Silva paid a ], both leaders agreed to coordinate their foreign policies towards Latin America in order to further integrate the region.<ref>{{cite web|language=es |author=Sergio Javier Jiménez & Natalia Gómez Quintero |title=Buscan reforzar relación México-Brasil |work=El Universal |url=http://www.el-universal.com.mx/nacion/153127.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728140308/http://www.el-universal.com.mx/nacion/153127.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |date=August 7, 2007 |access-date=April 9, 2009}}</ref>
Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Brazil were formally established in the 1820s.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 33.</ref> During the ], and subsequent ], every Latin American country, except ] and the ], refused to recognize the government of ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 106.</ref> In 1914, an ]<ref>Detailed description of the "Tampico Incident" available on </ref> was enough to lead the U.S. to send troops to occupy the ], event that coincided with the military aid provided by Germany to General ].<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 123.</ref> The governments of Argentina, Brazil and Chile, that were given the term ], supported by then-] ], offered their mediation to ]. The ABC countries met in Niagara Falls, Canada to prevent a war between Mexico and the U.S.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123"/> Legit President ] refused to participate because of discussions regarding the ideal ] that should be established in Mexico took place at the Niagara Falls conferences, thus the Carranza followers condemned these actions and refused to accept any foreign aid.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123"/> Nonetheless, the ] was successfully implemented during the following years. Since the 1970s, relations between Mexico and Brazil have been substantially strengthened.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| title=Memorandum de Antecedentes | publisher=Senado de la República Mexicana | url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/60/2/2008-04-28-1/assets/documentos/tratado_brasil.pdf | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>

In the multilateral scene, Brazil and Mexico's actions are guided by solid principles such as respect for ], defense of multilateralism, social justice and democratization of ]. As noted, both countries share views internationally.<ref name="Brazil" /> However, some differences remain, being the most significant the ].<ref name="coffeeclub" /> Brazil and Mexico, along with India, the People's Republic of China and South Africa, often represent the interests of the ] through economic forums such as the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Five major developing nations call for joint efforts to ensure food, energy security |date=July 8, 2008 |newspaper=People's Daily |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6444427.html |access-date=April 9, 2009 |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605164134/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6444427.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Brazil has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mexico.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-br/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031022336/http://mexico.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-br/ |archive-date=October 31, 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/brasil/ |title=INICIO |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502042155/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/brasil/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and consulates-general in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/riodejaneiro/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211181949/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/riodejaneiro/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/saopaulo/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716052128/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/saopaulo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||<!--Date started-->January 30, 1944||See ]
] and Mexican President ] in Ottawa; 2016.]]
Formal relations did not begin until 1944,<ref name="canada">{{cite web |author=Canadian Embassy in Mexico |title=Bilateral Cooperation |publisher=Government of Canada |url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mexico-mexique/bilat/bilat.aspx?lang=en |access-date=April 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926185436/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mexico-mexique/bilat/bilat.aspx?lang=en |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> at the height of the Second World War, which both countries participated in on the ].<ref>{{cite web |author=((Editors of Legacy Publishers ))|title=The Axis Conquers the Philippines: January 1942 – July 1942 |publisher=Legacy Publishers |url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/axis-conquers-philippines12.htm |access-date=April 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324041135/http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-ii/axis-conquers-philippines12.htm |archive-date=March 24, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Prior to the negotiations around the ] (NAFTA), economic and political ties between Mexico and Canada were relatively weak. Since NAFTA has come into force, the two countries have become much more important to each other, and often collaborate when dealing with the United States, for example with issues related to the ] imposed to ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 208.</ref>


Currently, Mexico and Canada are close friends and strategic partners and benefit from a very active bilateral relationship which includes ever increasing ], high-level political exchanges and an expanding collaborative network between Mexicans and Canadians in areas such as ], culture, energy, education, good ], human rights and ] modernization. And more recently, both countries have been building a ] and defense relationship.<ref name="canada" />
In October 2006, President-elect ] visited Brazilian President ], to deepen the dialogue and cooperation between the two countries.<ref name="Brazil"/> The governments of Brazil and Mexico look for maintaining an opened dialogue with several visits to strengthen the bilateral relations and allow a major exchange in areas such as ], human rights, environment and energy.<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral relations | publisher=Brazilian Embassy in Mexico | url=http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php | accessdate=April 9, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Thus the Brazil-Mexico Bilateral Commission was released in March 2007 to strengthen their relations.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Primera Reunión de la Comisión Binacional México-Brasil | publisher=Brazilian Embassy in Mexico | url=http://www.brasil.org.mx/relaciones_bilaterales/primera_reunion_de_la_comision.php | accessdate=April 9, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In August 2007, when President "Lula" da Silva paid a ], both leaders agreed to coordinate their foreign policies towards Latin America in order to further integrate the region.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Sergio Javier Jiménez & Natalia Gómez Quintero | title=Buscan reforzar relación México-Brasil | work=El Universal | url=http://www.el-universal.com.mx/nacion/153127.html | date=August 7, 2007 | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>


In recent years, both partners along with Italy, Argentina, Pakistan and other eight countries have sought a ] and its working methods<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 215.</ref> Which form a group informally called the ], that opposes to the proposition of the ].<ref name="coffeeclub" />
In the multilateral scene, Brazil and Mexico's actions are guided by solid principles such as respect for ], defense of multilateralism, social justice and democratization of ]. As noted, both countries share views internationally.<ref name="Brazil"/> However, some differences remain, being the most significant the ].<ref name="coffeeclub"/> Brazil and Mexico, along with India, the People's Republic of China and South Africa, often represent the interests of the ] through economic forums such as the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite web | title=Five major developing nations call for joint efforts to ensure food, energy security | date=July 8, 2008 | publisher=People's Daily | url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6444427.html | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>
* Brazil has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and consulates-general in ]<ref></ref> and ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||<!--Date started-->1821||See ] |{{flag|Chile}}||<!--Date started-->1821||See ]


In the early 1820s, Chile and Mexico established ], both countries had interest of integrating the region, however, due to Mexico's economic and political instability the project did not go further.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 91-92.</ref> In 1914, due to the ], then-U.S. President ] ordered the occupation of the ]. Once Wilson realized that his objectives had failed, he appealed to the accredited diplomats of ], Brazil and Chile, known as the ], to mediate and find a peaceful solution to the international conflict preventing a war between Mexico and the U.S.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123"/> In the early 1820s, Chile and Mexico established ], both countries had interest of integrating the region, however, due to Mexico's economic and political instability the project did not go further.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 91–92.</ref> In 1914, due to the ], then-U.S. President ] ordered the occupation of the ]. Once Wilson realized that his objectives had failed, he appealed to the accredited diplomats of ], Brazil and Chile, known as the ], to mediate and find a peaceful solution to the international conflict preventing a war between Mexico and the U.S.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 123" />


Based on the principle of ideological plurality, the ] actively supported the regimes of ] in Cuba and ] in Chile. After the ], Mexico condemned the dictatorship of General ], but did not break off diplomatic relations immediately due to the amount of ] ] refuged in the Mexican embassy.<ref name="VF 155">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 155.</ref> Months later, then-President ] formally broke off diplomatic ties with Chile.<ref name="VF 155"/> Based on the principle of ideological plurality, the ] actively supported the regimes of ] in Cuba and ] in Chile. After the ], Mexico condemned the dictatorship of General ], but did not break off diplomatic relations immediately due to the amount of ] ] refuged in the Mexican embassy.<ref name="VF 155">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 155.</ref> Months later, then-President ] formally broke off diplomatic ties with Chile.<ref name="VF 155" />


Relations were reestablished in 1990 after the ] with the election of ].<ref name="BBC Chile">{{cite news | author=Mariusa Reyes | title=México y Chile: refuerzan su relación | publisher=BBC News | date=March 20, 2007 | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_6472000/6472015.stm | accessdate=April 16, 2009|language=es}}</ref> ] was signed in April 1998 and went into force on August 1, 1999.<ref name="Mexico FTA"/> Since then, bilateral trade has significantly increased and exceeded the US$3,3 billion mark as of 2006. In addition, Mexico has become Chile's main Latin American investor, accumulating nearly US$870 million.<ref name="BBC Chile"/> Under the ], the candidacy of then-] ] for the ] was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with ] when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against ], however, the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007 p. 289-301">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 289-301.</ref> Bilateral relations were raised to a new level during the state visit of ] ] to Mexico in March 2007, both countries put into effect a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" aimed at bolstering trade, political, diplomatic and cultural relations, as well as ties with ]. It also creates a fund that will provide US$2 million a year for development projects in Chile, Mexico and third countries.<ref>{{cite web | title=Chile signs Strategic Partnership Association Accord with Mexico | date=March 20, 2007 | publisher=G-15 official website | url=http://www.g15.org/bulletinmarch.pdf | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> Relations were reestablished in 1990 after the ] with the election of ].<ref name="BBC Chile">{{cite news |author=Mariusa Reyes |title=México y Chile: refuerzan su relación |work=BBC News |date=March 20, 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_6472000/6472015.stm |access-date=April 16, 2009 |language=es |archive-date=May 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502174456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_6472000/6472015.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ] was signed in April 1998 and went into force on August 1, 1999.<ref name="Mexico FTA" /> Since then, bilateral trade has significantly increased and exceeded the US$3.3 billion mark as of 2006. In addition, Mexico has become Chile's main Latin American investor, accumulating nearly US$870 million.<ref name="BBC Chile" /> Under the ], the candidacy of then-] ] for the ] was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with ] when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against ], however, the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007 p. 289-301">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 289-301.</ref> Bilateral relations were raised to a new level during the state visit of ] ] to Mexico in March 2007, both countries put into effect a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" aimed at bolstering trade, political, diplomatic and cultural relations, as well as ties with ]. It also creates a fund that will provide US$2 million a year for development projects in Chile, Mexico and third countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile signs Strategic Partnership Association Accord with Mexico |date=March 20, 2007 |publisher=G-15 official website |url=http://www.g15.org/bulletinmarch.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023062031/http://www.g15.org/bulletinmarch.pdf |archive-date=October 23, 2007}}</ref>
* Chile has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Chile has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hora actual Chile: 16.41 hrs. México: 14.41 hrs |url=http://chileabroad.gov.cl/mexico/ |title=Embajada de Chile en México |website=Chileabroad.gov.cl |date=June 20, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030552/http://chileabroad.gov.cl/mexico/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/chile/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219124720/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/chile/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both nations are part of the ] * Both nations are part of the ]
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Colombia}}||<!--Date started--> 3 October 1823||See ] |{{flag|Colombia}}||<!--Date started--> October 3, 1823||See ]


* Colombia has and embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Colombia has and embassy in Mexico City and consulates in Cancún and Guadalajara.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mexico.embajada.gov.co/ |title=&#124; Embajada de Colombia en México |language=es |website=Mexico.embajada.gov.co |access-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815210807/https://mexico.embajada.gov.co/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/colombia/ |title=Embajada de México en Colombia |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803122715/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/colombia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both nations are part of the ] * Both nations are part of the ]
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ] |{{flag|Costa Rica}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838.
* Costa Rica has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in ].<ref></ref> * Costa Rica has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.embajada.decostaricaenmexico.org/ |title=Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City |access-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122075408/http://www.embajada.decostaricaenmexico.org/ |archive-date=November 22, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/costarica/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=February 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212032300/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/costarica/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}||<!--Date started-->1902||See ] |{{flag|Cuba}}||<!--Date started-->1902||See ]


In 1902, Mexico became the first country to ever recognize and establish relations with the ] once it gained full ].<ref>{{cite web | author= Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral Relations: Mexico-Cuba | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Cuba | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/cuba/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=91&op=page&SubMenu= | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=es}}</ref> The cultural ties between the two nations became stronger during the following decades. In the mid-20th century, the ] took place, culminating with the triumph of the ] on January 1, 1959. In 1964, when Cuba was expelled from the ] Mexico did not support this resolution and abstained.<ref name="OAS1964"/> Mexico thereafter maintained diplomatic relations with Cuba, which effectively established it as the sole link between ] and the ] because none of the other Latin American governments recognized Cuba's revolutionary regime until after 1970.<ref name="OAS1964">{{cite web | author=Keller, Renata | title=Capitalizing on Castro: Mexico's Foreign Relations with Cuba, 1959–1969 | publisher=ILASSA 2009 Conference Paper | url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf | accessdate=March 29, 2009}}</ref> Since then, Mexico constantly supported Cuba in international organizations and multilateral forums, and strongly opposed to the ] imposed to the Caribbean island in the early 1960s.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 207-209.</ref> In 1902, Mexico became the first country to ever recognize and establish relations with the ] once it gained full ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Bilateral Relations: Mexico-Cuba |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Cuba |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/cuba/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=91&op=page&SubMenu= |access-date=March 29, 2009 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185642/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/cuba/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=91&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref> The cultural ties between the two nations became stronger during the following decades. In the mid-20th century, the ] took place, culminating with the triumph of the ] on January 1, 1959. In 1964, when Cuba was expelled from the ] Mexico did not support this resolution and abstained.<ref name="OAS1964" /> Mexico thereafter maintained diplomatic relations with Cuba, which effectively established it as the sole link between ] and the ] because none of the other Latin American governments recognized Cuba's revolutionary regime until after 1970.<ref name="OAS1964">{{cite web|author=Keller, Renata |title=Capitalizing on Castro: Mexico's Foreign Relations with Cuba, 1959–1969 |publisher=ILASSA 2009 Conference Paper |url=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf |access-date=March 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513114515/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/ilassa/2009/keller.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2011}}</ref> Since then, Mexico constantly supported Cuba in international organizations and multilateral forums, and strongly opposed to the ] imposed to the Caribbean island in the early 1960s.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 207–209.</ref>


Relations remained strong and stable until 1998 when ], declared that Mexican children were more knowledgeable on ] than on key figures in ], such declarations led Mexico to recall its Ambassador from ]. He later apologized and said that his words were meant to underscore the ]<ref>{{cite web | author= Stephens, Manuel | title=La humildad de Fidel | date=December 29, 1998 | publisher=Imagen | url=http://201.120.149.127/1998/12/29/Opinion1.htm | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=es}}</ref> On November 16, 1999, then Mexican President ] highly criticized the lack of democracy and ] in Cuba during his official visit to the Caribbean island.<ref>{{cite web | author= Ruíz Narváez, Guadalupe | title=México-Cuba: Un Siglo Después (0:49–1:17) | date=May 2002 | publisher=YouTube | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwhSbO10IYg&feature=related | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=es}}</ref> Relations worsened when then President ], from the ], redirected the country's ] on foreign policy. In April 2002, the ] again criticized ], the resolution was sponsored by ] and supported by many of Cuba's traditional allies such as Mexico, that historically had abstained.<ref>{{cite news | title=Timeline: Cuba | date=April 2002 | publisher=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1203355.stm | accessdate=March 29, 2009}}</ref> The same month, Fox apologized to Fidel Castro over allegations by Castro that Fox forced him at the last minute to leave the ] in ], Mexico, in order to favor the presence of former U.S. President ], who also attended and likely requested Castro's removal. Castro, Cuba, and even many Mexicans saw this as an insult, and relations between the two countries reached their lowest point.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mexico Counters Cuban Accusations | date=April 2, 2002 | publisher=VOA News | url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2002-04/a-2002-04-02-31-Mexico.cfm | accessdate=March 29, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Relations remained strong and stable until 1998 when ], declared that Mexican children were more knowledgeable on Disney characters than on key figures in ], such declarations led Mexico to recall its ambassador from ]. He later apologized and said that his words were meant to underscore the ]<ref>{{cite web |author=Stephens, Manuel |title=La humildad de Fidel |date=December 29, 1998 |publisher=Imagen |url=http://201.120.149.127/1998/12/29/Opinion1.htm |access-date=March 29, 2009 |language=es}} {{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> On November 16, 1999, then Mexican President ] highly criticized the lack of democracy and ] in Cuba during his official visit to the Caribbean island.<ref>Archived at {{cbignore}} and the {{cbignore}}: {{cite web |author= Ruíz Narváez, Guadalupe |title=México-Cuba: Un Siglo Después (0:49–1:17) |date=May 2002 |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwhSbO10IYg |access-date=March 29, 2009|language=es}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Relations worsened when then President ], from the ], redirected the country's ] on foreign policy. In April 2002, the ] again criticized ], the resolution was sponsored by ] and supported by many of countries traditionally friendly towards Cuba, such as Mexico, that historically had abstained.<ref>{{cite news |title=Timeline: Cuba |date=April 2002 |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1203355.stm |access-date=March 29, 2009 |archive-date=January 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131232919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1203355.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The same month, Fox apologized to Fidel Castro over allegations by Castro that Fox forced him at the last minute to leave the ] in ], Mexico, in order to favor the presence of former U.S. President ], who also attended and likely requested Castro's removal. Castro, Cuba, and even many Mexicans saw this as an insult, and relations between the two countries reached their lowest point.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexico Counters Cuban Accusations |date=April 2, 2002 |publisher=VOA News |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2002-04/a-2002-04-02-31-Mexico.cfm |access-date=March 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826114923/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2002-04/a-2002-04-02-31-Mexico.cfm |archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref>


Under the ], Mexico concentrated on rebuilding diplomatic relations with Havana.<ref name="Espinosa"/> On December 15–17, 2008, in the framework of the "First Latin American and Caribbean Summit for Integration and Development", President Calderón introduced Cuba to the regional organization ] and held talks with President ] about topics of interests for both countries. They both agreed to schedule mutual visits for 2009,<ref>{{cite web | title=Chronicle on Cuba | date=December 2008 | publisher=Cuba Source | url=http://www.cubasource.org/publications/chronicles/coc200812fa_e.asp | accessdate=March 29, 2009|language=Spanish}}</ref> and put emphasis on strengthening the friendship, cooperation, integration, trade and support. Both countries share the vision of a permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. Under the ], Mexico concentrated on rebuilding diplomatic relations with Havana.<ref name="Espinosa" /> On December 15–17, 2008, in the framework of the "First Latin American and Caribbean Summit for Integration and Development", President Calderón introduced Cuba to the regional organization ] and held talks with President ] about topics of interests for both countries. They both agreed to schedule mutual visits for 2009,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle on Cuba |date=December 2008 |publisher=Cuba Source |url=http://www.cubasource.org/publications/chronicles/coc200812fa_e.asp |access-date=March 29, 2009 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720132411/http://www.cubasource.org/publications/chronicles/coc200812fa_e.asp |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and put emphasis on strengthening the friendship, cooperation, integration, trade and support. Both countries share the vision of a permanent fight against poverty and organized crime.


With seven months before the six-year term of Felipe Calderón came to an end, he made plans to visit Cuba to "patch up the bruise" relationships and discuss possible business relations, which included oil deals.<ref>{{cite news|last=Franks|first=Jeff|title=Mexico's Calderon to visit Cuba, seek better relations|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-10/news/sns-rt-us-cuba-mexicobre83a013-20120410_1_mexico-s-calderon-fidel-castro-cardinal-jaime-ortega|accessdate=9 June 2012|newspaper=]|date=10 April 2012}}</ref> With seven months before the six-year term of Felipe Calderón came to an end, he made plans to visit Cuba to "patch up the bruise" and discuss possible business relations, which included oil deals.<ref>{{cite news|last=Franks|first=Jeff|title=Mexico's Calderon to visit Cuba, seek better relations|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/04/10/mexicos-calderon-to-visit-cuba-seek-better-relations/|access-date=June 9, 2012|newspaper=]|date=April 10, 2012|archive-date=November 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114013542/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-10/news/sns-rt-us-cuba-mexicobre83a013-20120410_1_mexico-s-calderon-fidel-castro-cardinal-jaime-ortega|url-status=live}}</ref>
On April 2012, President Felipe Calderón traveled to Cuba and met with ] to fix the broken relationship between the two countries. During his time in Cuba, Calderón condemned the 50-year-old ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Franks|first=Jeff|title=Calderon says Cuba, Mexico friends again|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/12/us-cuba-mexico-idUSBRE83B1CP20120412|accessdate=9 June 2012|newspaper=]|date=12 April 2012}}</ref> In April 2012, President Felipe Calderón traveled to Cuba and met with ] to fix the broken relationship between the two countries. During his time in Cuba, Calderón condemned the 50-year-old ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Franks|first=Jeff|title=Calderon says Cuba, Mexico friends again|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-mexico-idUSBRE83B1CP20120412|access-date=June 9, 2012|newspaper=]|date=April 12, 2012|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010936/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/12/us-cuba-mexico-idUSBRE83B1CP20120412|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in Mexico City<ref></ref> and consulates-general in ],<ref></ref> ],<ref></ref> and ]<ref></ref> and a consular office in ].<ref></ref> * Cuba has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://misiones.cubaminrex.cu/es/mexico/embajada-de-la-republica-de-cuba-en-los-estados-unidos-mexicanos |title=Embassy of Cuba in Mexico |access-date=October 25, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021050623/http://misiones.cubaminrex.cu/es/mexico/embajada-de-la-republica-de-cuba-en-los-estados-unidos-mexicanos |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy and consulate-general in ].
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||<!--Date started-->23 July 1888||See ] |{{flag|Dominica}}||<!--Date started-->April 3, 1979||See ]


* Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
* Dominican Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Castries />
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||<!--Date started-->July 23, 1888||See ]

* Dominican Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embadom.org.mx/ |title=Embajada Dominicana en Mexico |website=Embadom.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=June 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623005123/http://www.embadom.org.mx/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicadominicana/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429074952/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicadominicana/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both countries are members of the ], ] and the ]. * Both countries are members of the ], ] and the ].
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ecuador}}||<!--Date started-->June 1830||See ] |{{flag|Ecuador}}||<!--Date started-->1837
Diplomatic Relations Severed in 5 April 2024
|See ]


In April 2024, Mexico severed diplomatic relations with Ecuador due to the ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/06/americas/ecuador-vice-president-arrest-mexico-embassy-diplomatic-tensions-intl-hnk/index.html |title=‘Outrage against international law’: Mexico breaks diplomatic ties with Ecuador over embassy raid |access-date=April 8, 2024 |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407193744/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/06/americas/ecuador-vice-president-arrest-mexico-embassy-diplomatic-tensions-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ecuador has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates in ] and ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|El Salvador}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ] |{{flag|El Salvador}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and El Salvador were established in 1838. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and El Salvador were established in 1838.
* El Salvaodor has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ] and ] and consular offices in ], ], ] and ].<ref></ref> * El Salvador has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rree.gob.sv/embajadas-consulados-y-misiones-permanentes-de-la-republica-de-el-salvador/ |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of El Salvador |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323150820/https://rree.gob.sv/embajadas-consulados-y-misiones-permanentes-de-la-republica-de-el-salvador/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/elsalvador/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210031835/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/elsalvador/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both countries are members of the ] and the ]. * Both countries are members of the ] and the ].
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guatemala}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ] |{{flag|Grenada}}||<!--Date started-->April 11, 1975||See ]

* Grenada is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grenadaembassyusa.org/|title=Embassy of Grenada – to the United States of America – Washington, District of Columbia|date=February 3, 2023|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110100545/https://grenadaembassyusa.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Grenada from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Castries />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guatemala}}||<!--Date started-->6 September 1848 ||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Guatemala began in 1838 after the dissolution of the ]. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Guatemala began in 1838 after the dissolution of the ].
* Guatemala has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ], ], ] and ] consulates in ], ] and ] and consular agencies in ] and in ].<ref></ref> * Guatemala has an embassy in ] and consulates-general in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]; consulates in ], ], ] and consular office in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embajadaguatemalamx.mex.tl/ |title=Este sitio web ya no estĂĄ disponible. |website=Embajadaguatemalamx.mex.tl |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919152435/http://embajadaguatemalamx.mex.tl/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and consulates in ]<ref></ref> and in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/guatemala/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506134409/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/guatemala/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and consulates in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/quetzaltenango/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214353/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/quetzaltenango/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/tecunuman/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101070420/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/tecunuman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both countries are members of the ], ] and the ]. * Both countries are members of the ], ] and the ].
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guyana}}||<!--Date started-->1 March 1973||See ] |{{flag|Guyana}}||<!--Date started-->March 1, 1973||See ]


* Guyana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Guyana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/diez-nuevos-embajadores-acreditados-ante-mexico/ |title=Client Validation |website=Presidencia.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306061423/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/diez-nuevos-embajadores-acreditados-ante-mexico |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/guyana/ |title=Home |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703142914/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/guyana/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Haiti}}||<!--Date started-->11 July 1929||See ]

* Haiti has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate in ].
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/haiti/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523221416/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/haiti/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Honduras}}||<!--Date started-->1879||See ] |{{flag|Honduras}}||<!--Date started-->1879||See ]


* Honduras has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ] and ].<ref></ref> * Honduras has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in ], ], ], ] and ] and consular agencies in ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D97%3A59%26catid%3D35 |title=Honduras |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626174114/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97%3A59&catid=35 |archive-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a consulate in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/honduras/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212202110/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/honduras/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a consulate in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/sanpedrosula/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410101815/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/sanpedrosula/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Jamaica}}||<!--Date started-->March 18, 1966||See ]

* Jamaica has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/embassies-and-high-commissions/embassies/item/15-mexico-city-united-mexican-states |title=Mfaft.gov.jm - MEXICO CITY- United Mexican States |access-date=April 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419090154/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/embassies-and-high-commissions/embassies/item/15-mexico-city-united-mexican-states |archive-date=April 19, 2016}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Jamaica />
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ] |{{flag|Nicaragua}}||<!--Date started-->1838||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nicaragua/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210073536/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nicaragua/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Nicaragua has an embassy in Mexico City.
* Nicaragua has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||<!--Date started-->1 March 1904||See ] |{{flag|Panama}}||<!--Date started-->March 1, 1904||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/panama/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203030/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/panama/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in ] and a consulate in ].<ref></ref> * Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panamaenelexterior.gob.pa/mexico |title=Embajada de Panamá en México &#124; Panamá en el Exterior |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129160725/http://www.panamaenelexterior.gob.pa/mexico |archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||<!--Date started-->1831||See ] |{{flag|Paraguay}}||<!--Date started-->1831||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paraguay/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203055/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paraguay/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Paraguay has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Paraguay has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embajadadelparaguay.com.mx |title=Embajada del Paraguay - Mexico |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111200611/http://www.embajadadelparaguay.com.mx/ |archive-date=November 11, 2014}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Peru}}||<!--Date started-->1883||See ] |{{flag|Peru}}||<!--Date started-->1883||See ]


Mexico and Peru have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President ] and Mexico's ] signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations. Mexico and Peru have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President ] and Mexico's ] signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/peru/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204004321/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/peru/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Peru has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Peru has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.consuladodelperu.com.mx/index.php |title=Consulado General del Perú |website=Consuladodelperu.com.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919073318/http://www.consuladodelperu.com.mx/index.php |archive-date=September 19, 2016}}</ref>
* Both nations are members of ] and the ].
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Suriname}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ] |{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}||<!--Date started-->July 31, 1990||See ]


* Mexico is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Mexico is accredited to Saint Kitts an Nevis from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Castries />
* Suriname is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ]; ].<ref></ref> * Saint Kitts and Nevis is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||<!--Date started-->22 February 1831||See ] |{{flag|Saint Lucia}}||<!--Date started-->May 17, 1979||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in Castries.<ref name=Castries />
* Saint Lucia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassyofstlucia.org/|title=Home|website=embassyofsaintlucia|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720033434/https://www.embassyofstlucia.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Uruguay has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
*''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Venezuela}}||<!--Date started--> 1992-06-12||See ] |{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||<!--Date started-->July 31, 1990||See ]


* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
Historically the two countries have had good diplomatic relations. Ever since both countries became important players in the oil industry, some competitive tensions arose, eventually leading to disputes after Mexico signed an agreement to join NAFTA. During President ]'s term, relations between the two countries became critically strained to the point of recalling one another's ambassadors. It has been clear that diplomatic ties between both countries are not indefinitely severed, in recent years numerous groups, both in Mexico and Venezuela are working to restore the diplomatic relationship between the two countries, as they are of strategic economic and cultural importance. In August 2007, after two years of diplomatic absence in either country, normal relations were re-established with the appointment of former foreign minister Roy Chaderton as Venezuela's envoy in Mexico City and the transfer of Jesús Mario Chacón Carrillo, formerly Mexican ambassador to Colombia, to Caracas. Both countries are founding members of the ].
* Mexico is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Castries />
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Venezuela has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|}

===Africa===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||<!--Date started-->21 October 1964||See ] |{{flag|Suriname}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ]


* Mexico is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.<ref name=Trinidad />
* Algeria has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Suriname is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://surinameembassy.org/ |title=Embassy of the Republic of Suriname, Washington, D.C. |website=Surinameembassy.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918105735/http://surinameembassy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Date started-->January 1976||See ] |{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||<!--Date started-->April 30, 1966||See ]


* Angola has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Trinidad />
* Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/|title=Embassy in Washington D.C., U.S.A.|website=Ministry of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805140055/https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Angola from its embassy in ], ].<ref name="ReferenceA"></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||<!--Date started-->31 March 1958||See ] |{{flag|United States}}||<!--Date started-->1821||See ]


], November 2021.]]
* Egypt has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Date started-->1949||See ]


When Mexico ] from Spain in 1821, the United States was the first country to recognize it.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 541.</ref> On December 12, 1822, the then-] ] introduced José Manuel Zozoya, the first Mexican representative, to the then-U.S. president ] in the ]. Through this event, the U.S. recognized ''de facto'' the independence of Mexico and the recently born ] led by ]. However, ] did not establish ] formally with Mexico until 1825, naming ] as its representative, who had the mission of ] and getting trading facilities.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 89.</ref>
After the ], Mexico was the only country to condemn the Italian occupation of Ethiopia at the ]. Since then, relations between the two nations have strengthened.
In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia thanked Mexico by naming a square in the city called "Mexico Square". Mexico named a metro station in Mexico City called ].
* Ethiopia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ]; ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kenya}}||<!--Date started-->15 March 1977||See ]


The ] was a conflict that sparked when the ] in 1845 and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 96.</ref> The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for two years, was settled via the ] which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the U.S., including California.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 99–100.</ref> Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern ] and ]) to the U.S. via the ] in 1854.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 101–102.</ref>
* Kenya is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Date started-->31 October 1962||See ]


In the ], that lasted from 1858 to 1861, the liberals led by ], were given the U.S. recognition as the legitimate government in Mexico.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 100-103.</ref> Meanwhile, the conservatives, headed by ], ] and ], brought a European Emperor to govern the country, ], which led to the ] in 1862,<ref name="VF 105" /> violating the ], there was nothing the U.S. could do, as it was involved in its ].<ref name="Flores106" /> Affecting Mexico's foreign policy, both sides, the ] and the ], were looking for international recognition as well. The ] was ideologically closer to the Union, but geographically Mexico shared a large border with the Confederacy.<ref name="Flores106">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 106-108.</ref> In 1861, the then-U.S. President ] named ] as his minister for Mexico and instructed him to neutralize the Mexican aid given to the Confederates; he successfully achieved this mission.<ref name="Flores106" /> Once the civil war ended, then-Secretary of State ] declared that the French invasion in Mexico was harmful to the friendship between France and the U.S., and Washington provided financial aid to ], who successfully expelled the French in 1867.<ref name="Flores106" />
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a trade office in ].<ref></ref>
* Morocco has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||<!--Date started-->14 April 1976||See ]


Lasting for seven years, the 1910 ] ended the rule of the dictator-president ]. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Díaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 759-762.</ref> After the war, the various groups that made up the ] splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Díaz —leading to a civil war.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 771-772.</ref> The U.S. intervened in the conflict, including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador, ], in the plotting of the ] which overthrew Madero.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 776–780.</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>

* Nigeria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
] of the United States (right) with U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, ] observing the damage done by the earthquake.]]
The ] caused several problems with the British and American transnational oil companies mainly derived from the article 27, which declares that "the wealth contained in the soil, the ], the waters and seas of Mexico belongs to the Nation; the right to land ownership and to exploit the subsoil may therefore only be granted by the Nation."<ref>{{cite web|title=1917 Constitution of Mexico |publisher=Illinois State University |date=February 5, 1917 |url=http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html#TitleIChapterI |access-date=April 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804061439/http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html#TitleIChapterI |archive-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref> Due to foreign pressure, the implementation of the article was continuously ignored by the government until March 18, 1938, when then-President ] ] the oil industry.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 134-136.</ref> ] replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, as well as an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=History Channel | title=Historia del Petróleo | publisher=YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk | access-date=April 5, 2009 | archive-date=November 29, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129101942/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk | url-status=live }}</ref>

During the ], demonstrating independence from the United States, Mexico supported the ] during the 1960s,<ref name="keller" /> the ] in Nicaragua during the late 1970s,<ref name="salaverry" /> and leftist revolutionary groups in ] during the 1980s.<ref name="elsalvador" />

The ] (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, which led to the ] and other ]s between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 13-16</ref> The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries.<ref name="Selle1">Selee (2007), p. 1</ref> The free trade agreement has been increasingly opposed by ], with many groups and the ] presenting that it hurts the interest of traditional, small and local farmers in both countries.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 3-5</ref> Allegations of ] and ] have been considered by the trilateral institutions.<ref name="Selee5">Selee (2007), p. 5-8</ref> The ] argued that NAFTA had had modest positive impacts on all three member countries, but ] have strongly criticized the effects of the agreement as they have become overshadowed by the large corporations benefiting from NAFTA.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 3</ref> Notable bilateral trade disputes relate to trucking, tuna, ] and ].<ref name="Selee2">Selee (2007), p. 2-3</ref> Currently, the United States is the number one destination for Mexican exports. The U.S. also exports more goods into Mexico than any other country in the world.

],<ref name="Selee5" /> ]<ref>Selee (2007), p. 13</ref> and ]<ref name="Selee2" /> have dominated the bilateral relationship in recent years. In September 2006, Congress approved the ] (P.L. 109–367) to authorize the construction of a ] along 700 miles of the ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Congress of the U.S. | title=Secure Fence Act of 2006 | publisher=The Library of Congress | date=October 26, 2006 | url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:HR06061:@@@L&summ2=m&%7CTOM:/bss/d109query.html | access-date=April 5, 2009 | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001905/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109%3AHR06061%3A%40%40%40L&summ2=m&%7CTOM%3A%2Fbss%2Fd109query.html | url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2009, Secretary of State ] officially visited Mexico to discuss issues of concern for both countries, specifically the ones related to drug trafficking and U.S. financial support in the ].<ref>{{cite news | author=Lander, Mark | title=Clinton Says U.S. Feeds Mexico Drug Trade | newspaper=The New York Times | date=March 25, 2009 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | access-date=April 5, 2009 | archive-date=August 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815100634/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Another persistent and growing problem<ref>{{cite web|author=Palsrok, Ryan |title=War Within Families: How Child Custody Battles Impact Foreign Affairs |publisher=Foreign Policy Digest |date=August 31, 2009 |url=http://www.foreignpolicydigest.org/War-and-Peace-August-2009/August-2009/war-within-families-how-child-custody-battles-impact-foreign-affairs.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001235957/http://www.foreignpolicydigest.org/War-and-Peace-August-2009/August-2009/war-within-families-how-child-custody-battles-impact-foreign-affairs.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |access-date=April 16, 2010}}</ref> is the ] by non-custodial parents and family members. Mexico is the most common destination for parents that have abducted their children across international borders with the vast majority of those children coming from the United States.<ref>{{cite web | author=Allen, Ernie | title=CHILD ABDUCTIONS: GLOBALLY, NATIONALLY AND ALONG THE U.S./MEXICO BORDER | publisher=The ] | date=August 31, 2009 | url=http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_US&PageId=4109 | access-date=April 16, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224040247/http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_US&PageId=4109 | archive-date=December 24, 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}||<!--Date started-->8 September 1979||See ] |{{flag|Uruguay}}||<!--Date started-->February 22, 1831||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/uruguay/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=February 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212183908/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/uruguay/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to the Sahrawi Republic from its embassy in ], ].
* Uruguay has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urumexico.com/|title=Inicio|website=Embajada y Consulado de Uruguay en México|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/https://urumexico.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sahrawi Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||<!--Date started-->26 October 1993||See ] |{{flag|Venezuela}}||<!--Date started-->1842||See ]


Historically the two countries have had good diplomatic relations. Ever since both countries became important players in the oil industry, some competitive tensions arose, eventually leading to disputes after Mexico signed an agreement to join NAFTA. During President ]'s term, relations between the two countries became critically strained to the point of recalling one another's ambassadors. It has been clear that diplomatic ties between both countries are not indefinitely severed, in recent years numerous groups, both in Mexico and Venezuela are working to restore the diplomatic relationship between the two countries, as they are of strategic economic and cultural importance. In August 2007, after two years of diplomatic absence in either country, normal relations were re-established with the appointment of former foreign minister Roy Chaderton as Venezuela's envoy in Mexico City and the transfer of Jesús Mario Chacón Carrillo, formerly Mexican ambassador to Colombia, to Caracas. Both countries are founding members of the ].
There were no official relations between Mexico and South Africa before 1993. After the birth of democracy in South Africa, the countries established relations.
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/venezuela/ |title=SRE |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923045158/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/venezuela/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Venezuela has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.embajada.gob.ve/ |title=Bienvenidos a la Embajada de Venezuela en México |website=Mexico.embajada.gob.ve |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113171232/http://mexico.embajada.gob.ve/ |archive-date=November 13, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* South Africa has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|} |}


===Asia=== === Asia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|- |-
Line 301: Line 1,377:
!Notes !Notes
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--Date started-->14 January 1992||See ] |{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||<!--Date started-->June 27, 1961 ||See ]
The ] was accredited to Mexico until it closed on March 16, 2022, in the wake of the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/page/history/ |website=] |access-date=April 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402040112/https://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/page/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Anwar |title=Afghan embassy, consulates in US shut their doors |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1682024 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |work=] |date=March 27, 2022 |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131082831/https://www.dawn.com/news/1682024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Armenia has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>

* Mexico is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref>
Mexico is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in ], ].<ref name=Iran>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php/es/inicnio|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020191647/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php/es/inicnio|url-status=live}}</ref>

|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->14 January 1992||See ] |{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||See ]
* Armenia has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/mx |title=Mexico – By country – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia |website=mfa.am |access-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-date=May 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529012945/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/mx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in ], ].<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121106/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has ] the ] in 2023.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||See ]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azembassy.mx |title=Embassy of Azerbaijan in Mexico – Embassy of Azerbaijan in Mexico |website=Azembassy.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002091025/http://azembassy.mx/ |archive-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas-de-mexico-en-el-exterior/azerbaiyan |title=Azerbaiyán |website=Directorio.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130613/http://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas-de-mexico-en-el-exterior/azerbaiyan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||<!--Date started-->August 5, 1975||

* Bahrain is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7702&language=en-US|title=Home|website=www.mofa.gov.bh|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193456/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7702&language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Arabia>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/arabiasaudita/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703142834/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/arabiasaudita/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ] |{{flag|Bangladesh}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ]
* Bangladesh has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.bd/site/page/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.gov.bd%2Fsite%2Fpage%2F7dfb7b74-7506-49dd-84fa-36d02242efa1|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|website=www.mofa.gov.bd|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824000116/https://www.mofa.gov.bd/site/page/http://www.mofa.gov.bd/site/page/7dfb7b74-7506-49dd-84fa-36d02242efa1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bangladesh has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy ], ]. * Mexico is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy ], ].<ref name=India>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/india/|title=Inicio &#124; Home|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108081923/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bhutan}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Both nations have not established diplomatic relations.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brunei}}||<!--Date started-->October 2, 1991||

* Brunei is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruneiembassy.org/|title=Brunei Embassy|website=www.bruneiembassy.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=December 6, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001206220600/http://www.bruneiembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Brunei from its embassy in Singapore.<ref name=Singapore>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/singapur/|title=Embajada de México en Singapur|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018043753/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/singapur/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/nombramiento_NWL.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Singapore, Brunei and Myanmar |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082746/http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/nombramiento_NWL.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cambodia}}||<!--Date started-->September 1976||

* Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Cambodia Resources and Information. |url=http://ww1.embassyofcambodia.org/ |accessdate=June 20, 2023 |website=embassyofcambodia |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/http://ww1.embassyofcambodia.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen29.pdf|title=Relations between Mexico and Vietnam and Cambodia (in Spanish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507135620/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.<ref name=Vietnam>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vietnam/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617152544/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vietnam|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->1972||See ] |{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->1972||See ]
] with President of China ]|alt=|250x250px]]

Mexico and the People's Republic of China established relations amidst tensions in 1972, and in recent years have seen an intense export rivalry over the United States market, with the Mexican government having accused the Chinese of impinging on its export territory by flooding the US with cheap goods manufactured in low-wage factories. Mexico and the People's Republic of China established relations amidst tensions in 1972, and in recent years have seen an intense export rivalry over the United States market, with the Mexican government having accused the Chinese of impinging on its export territory by flooding the US with cheap goods manufactured in low-wage factories.

In 2005, Chinese President Hu Jintao came to Mexico promising increased investment in industries like automobile-parts manufacture and mineral exportation. In July 2008, ] ] reciprocated with a visit to Beijing in a bid to improve bilateral trade. Nevertheless, China has focussed more on South American commodity producers such as Brazil and Chile to meet this end and fuel its chiefly-export economy.
In 2005, Chinese President Hu Jintao came to Mexico promising increased investment in industries like automobile-parts manufacture and mineral exportation. In July 2008, ] ] reciprocated with a visit to Beijing in a bid to improve bilateral trade. Nevertheless, China has focussed more on South American commodity producers such as Brazil and Chile to meet this end and fuel its chiefly-export economy.
* China has an embassy in Mexico City<ref></ref> and a consulate-general in ].<ref></ref>
* China has an embassy in Mexico City<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embajadachina.org.mx/esp/ |title=Embajada de la República Popular China en México |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129023622/http://www.embajadachina.org.mx/esp/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tijuana.chineseconsulate.org/esp/ |title=Consulado General de la República Popular China |website=Tijuana.chineseconsulate.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920125926/http://tijuana.chineseconsulate.org/esp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a consulate-general in ],<ref></ref> ],<ref></ref> and ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/china/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315195833/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/china/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a consulate-general in ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/guangzhou/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819062600/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/guangzhou/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/hongkong/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119083924/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/hongkong/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/shanghai/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |date=May 31, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121057/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/shanghai/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ]
* ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||<!--Date started-->8 June 1992||See ] |{{flag|East Timor}}||<!--Date started-->September 26, 2003||See ]

* Georgia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* East Timor is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timorlesteembassy.org/|title=Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste in Washington D.C. - Home|website=www.timorlesteembassy.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201151549/http://www.timorlesteembassy.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in ], ]<ref></ref> and has an honorary consulate in ].
* Mexico is accredited to East Timor from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia and maintains an honorary consulate in Dili.<ref name=Jakarta>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/indonesia/index.php/es/embajada |title=Embassy of Mexico Indonesia |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412084552/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/indonesia/index.php/es/embajada |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started-->1 August 1950||See ] |{{flag|Georgia}}||<!--Date started-->June 8, 1992||See ]
* Georgia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=SPA&sec_id=816 |title=Palabra de Bienvenida – Embajada de Georgia en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos |website=Mexico.mfa.gov.ge |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412150021/http://mexico.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=SPA&sec_id=816 |archive-date=April 12, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in ], ]<ref name=Turkey>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/turquia/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001055716/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/turquia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started-->August 1, 1950||See ]
].|alt=|250x250px]]
Under the ], several visits and bilateral meetings occurred concerning diverse areas such as economy, technology and culture. In April 2004, the "Group of Friendship Mexico-India" was established at the LIX Legislature. To promote a major rapprochement with India, then-] ] met with his ] in mid-2004 in Washington, D.C., and officially visited New Delhi in August, where both ] agreed to celebrate the IV Binational Commission, formerly suspended in 1996, with the aim of strengthening the bilateral agenda. In May 2007, India and Mexico signed the "Bilateral Investment Protection Agreement" (BIPA) to strengthen their trading relations, with proximity to the U.S., the joint ventures would enable Indian companies to increase their presence in the ], taking advantage of Mexico's membership in the ] (NAFTA). Under the ], several visits and bilateral meetings occurred concerning diverse areas such as economy, technology and culture. In April 2004, the "Group of Friendship Mexico-India" was established at the LIX Legislature. To promote a major rapprochement with India, then-] ] met with his ] in mid-2004 in Washington, D.C., and officially visited New Delhi in August, where both ] agreed to celebrate the IV Binational Commission, formerly suspended in 1996, with the aim of strengthening the bilateral agenda. In May 2007, India and Mexico signed the "Bilateral Investment Protection Agreement" (BIPA) to strengthen their trading relations, with proximity to the U.S., the joint ventures would enable Indian companies to increase their presence in the ], taking advantage of Mexico's membership in the ] (NAFTA).

* India has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
Relationship with India was tightened by visit of Indian ] Narendra Modi in 2016 June. This visit was visit of Indian ] after a long time of 30 years. This time Mexico also supported India to join ] (NSG).
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* India has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiainmexico.gov.in/ |title=Embassy of India to Mexico : High Commission of India to Belize |website=Indembassy.org |access-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630131826/https://www.indiainmexico.gov.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ] and a consulate in ].<ref name=India />
* ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started-->1953||See ] |{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started-->1953||See ]
* Indonesia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Indonesia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kemlu.go.id/mexicocity/id|title=Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia DI Mexico City, Merangkap Republik Guatemala, Republik El Salvador, dan Belize Negara Meksiko Serikat|website=Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619220448/https://kemlu.go.id/mexicocity/id|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Jakarta />
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||<!--Date started-->15 October 1964||See ] |{{flag|Iran}}||<!--Date started-->October 15, 1964||See ]
] and President ] accompanying Iranian Queen Consort ] in Mexico City; 1978.]]
The first diplomatic relations between Mexico and Iran date back to 1889, although cooperation and trade between the two friend nations was not formally established until 1937.<ref>http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85&Itemid=59&lang=en</ref>
The first diplomatic relations between Mexico and Persia (modern-day Iran) date back to 1889, although cooperation and trade between the two friend nations was not formally established until 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85&Itemid=59&lang=en |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |date=March 29, 2016 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125035016/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85&Itemid=59&lang=en |archive-date=November 25, 2011}}</ref>
Mexico and Iran have enjoyed increasingly close political and economic relations over the years, growing with the volume of bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The two countries aim to expand cooperation in several sectors, sharing science and technology, particularly in the oil industry. Both countries have also shared successful experiences in cultural cooperation and exchange. In 2008, an agreement to form a Mexico-Iran parliamentary friendship group was made at the Mexican parliament. Mexico and Iran have enjoyed increasingly close political and economic relations over the years, growing with the volume of bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The two countries aim to expand cooperation in several sectors, sharing science and technology, particularly in the oil industry. Both countries have also shared successful experiences in cultural cooperation and exchange. In 2008, an agreement to form a Mexico-Iran parliamentary friendship group was made at the Mexican parliament.
* Iran has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mfa.gov.ir/mfa.gov.ir|title=وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران|website=mfa.gov.ir|accessdate=June 20, 2023}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Iran has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Iran />
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|{{flag|Iraq}}||<!--Date started-->September 25, 1950||See ]

* Iraq has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mofa.gov.iq/mexico/|title=Embassy of Iraq in Mexico|access-date=October 19, 2022|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020033644/https://mofa.gov.iq/mexico/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.<ref name=UAE>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/emiratosarabesunidos/index.php/es/|title=Embassy of Mexico in the United Arab Emirates|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629005803/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/emiratosarabesunidos/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||<!--Date started-->January 1950||See ] |{{flag|Israel}}||<!--Date started-->January 1950||See ]
Mexico recognized the State of Israel in January 1950. In 2000, a free trade agreement was signed between the two nations. Mexico recognized the State of Israel in January 1950. In 2000, a free trade agreement was signed between the two nations.
* Israel has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Israel has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embassies.gov.il/mexico-city/Pages/default.aspx |title=Embassy of Israel in Mexico City |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608012528/https://embassies.gov.il/mexico-city/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/israel/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522054307/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/israel/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||<!--Date started-->1888||See ] |{{flag|Japan}}||<!--Date started-->1888||See ]
] and Prime Minister ] at a press conference during an official visit to Japan by President Peña Nieto in April 2013.]]
The Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation concluded in 1888 between the two countries was Japan's first "equal" treaty with a foreign country.<ref name="MOFA">{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | title=Japan-Mexico foreign relations | year=2008 | publisher=MOFA official website | url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/index.html | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> In 1897, the 35 members of the so-called ''Enomoto'' Colonization Party settle in the ] to grow coffee, this was the first organized emigration from Japan to Latin America.<ref name="MOFA"/>
The Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation concluded in 1888 between the two countries was Japan's first "equal" treaty with a foreign country.<ref name="MOFA">{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |title=Japan-Mexico foreign relations |year=2008 |publisher=MOFA official website |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/index.html |access-date=April 6, 2009 |archive-date=May 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521173824/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1897, the 35 members of the so-called ''Enomoto'' Colonization Party settle in the ] to grow coffee, this was the first organized emigration from Japan to Latin America.<ref name="MOFA" />
Former Mexican President ] was awarded Japan's ] at a special ceremony in ]. On November 27, 1924, Baron Shigetsuma Furuya, Special Ambassador from Japan to Mexico, conferred the honor on Obregón. It was reported that this had been the first time that the Order had been conferred outside the ].<ref>{{cite news | title=Japan Decorates Obregon; Order of the Chrysanthemum is Conferred by Special Ambassador | date=November 28, 1924 | publisher=The New York Times | url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20614FE3B5D17738DDDA10A94D9415B848EF1D3&scp=3&sq=order+of+the+chrysanthemum+&st=p | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> In 1952, Mexico becomes the second country to ratify the ], preceded only by the United Kingdom.<ref name="MOFA"/>
Former Mexican President ] was awarded Japan's ] at a special ceremony in ]. On November 27, 1924, Baron Shigetsuma Furuya, Special Ambassador from Japan to Mexico, conferred the honor on Obregón. It was reported that this had been the first time that the Order had been conferred outside the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Japan Decorates Obregon; Order of the Chrysanthemum is Conferred by Special Ambassador |date=November 28, 1924 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/11/28/archives/japan-decorates-obregon-order-of-the-chrysanthemum-conferred-by.html?sq=order+of+the+chrysanthemum+&scp=3&st=p |access-date=April 6, 2009 |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212054902/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20614FE3B5D17738DDDA10A94D9415B848EF1D3&scp=3&sq=order+of+the+chrysanthemum+&st=p |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1952, Mexico becomes the second country to ratify the ], preceded only by the United Kingdom.<ref name="MOFA" />
On September 17, 2004, Mexico and Japan signed a ], formally known as the "Agreement Between Japan and the United Mexican States for the Strengthening of the Economic Partnership", which went into effect in April 2005.<ref name="Japan FTA"/> This was one among many historic steps led by Prime Minister ] to strengthen global economic stability. As a result, in 2007 Mexico became Japan's largest trading partner in Latin America.<ref name="Japan FTA">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Mexican Ministry of Economy | title=Economic Association Agreement | year=2008 | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Japan | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=109&op=page&SubMenu= | accessdate=April 6, 2009}}</ref> Over sixty treaties and agreements have been signed between the two countries, standing out the ones related to technological and scientific cooperation, several academic and cultural exchanges, as well as an increasing ] dialogue.<ref name="MOFA"/><ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 39-40.</ref>
On September 17, 2004, Mexico and Japan signed a ], formally known as the "Agreement Between Japan and the United Mexican States for the Strengthening of the Economic Partnership", which went into effect in April 2005.<ref name="Japan FTA" /> This was one among many historic steps led by Prime Minister ] to strengthen global economic stability. As a result, in 2007 Mexico became Japan's largest trading partner in Latin America.<ref name="Japan FTA">{{cite web |language=es |author=Mexican Ministry of Economy |title=Economic Association Agreement |year=2008 |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Japan |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=109&op=page&SubMenu= |access-date=April 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114063239/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/Japon/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=109&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=November 14, 2010}}</ref> Over sixty treaties and agreements have been signed between the two countries, standing out the ones related to technological and scientific cooperation, several academic and cultural exchanges, as well as an increasing ] dialogue.<ref name="MOFA" /><ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 39-40.</ref>
Mexico currently enjoys very good social and economic relations with Japan and is major center of Japanese investment. Japan has invested heavily in the Mexican industrial, automotive, technology and manufacturing sectors.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323894704578108343100917884.html | work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>http://www.toyota.com/about/our_business/engineering_and_manufacturing/tmmbc/index.html</ref><ref>http://businesscenter.jdpower.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?ID=2008063</ref><ref>http://www.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id=6153-en</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444083304578018462369529592.html | work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_37013.html |title=Compal Acquires Toshiba`s Mexican LCD-TV Factory &#124; CENS.com – The Taiwan Economic News |publisher=CENS.com |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/corporate_information/page.php?path=/SelNews/corp_info/SEL_US_Locations.xml |title=SEL US Locations |publisher=News.sel.sony.com |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web|last=Kessler |first=Michelle |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3824434&page=1 |title=Sharp takes a gamble on new TV plant in Mexico – ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/138482/sony_sharp_open_new_lcd_tv_plants.html |title=Sony, Sharp Open New LCD TV Plants |publisher=PCWorld |date=October 16, 2007 |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panasonic.com/environmental/iso14001.asp |title=Panasonic Ideas for Life – ISO 14001 |publisher=Panasonic.com |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref> As of 2012, it was estimated that Japanese companies employed over one million workers in Mexico just in the automotive and technology manufacturing industries.
Mexico currently enjoys very good social and economic relations with Japan and is major center of Japanese investment. Japan has invested heavily in the Mexican industrial, automotive, technology and manufacturing sectors.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kachi |first=Hiroyuki |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323894704578108343100917884 |title=Mazda to Build a Toyota Subcompact in Mexico |work=Wall Street Journal |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317043044/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323894704578108343100917884 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com/about/our_business/engineering_and_manufacturing/tmmbc/index.html |title=Toyota Motor Manufacturing de Baja California, S. De R.L. De C.V. (TMMBC) |access-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108164016/http://www.toyota.com/about/our_business/engineering_and_manufacturing/tmmbc/index.html |archive-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://businesscenter.jdpower.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?ID=2008063 |title=J.D. Power and Associates |website=Businesscenter.jdpower.com |date=June 4, 2008 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229131238/http://businesscenter.jdpower.com/news/pressrelease.aspx?ID=2008063 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id%3D6153-en |title=Honda to Build New Automobile Plant in Mexico for Production of Subcompact Vehicles, Starting in 2014 - Honda.com |access-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719112353/https://www.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id=6153-en |archive-date=July 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Casey |first=Nicholas |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444083304578018462369529592 |title=In Mexico, Auto Plants Hit the Gas |work=Wall Street Journal |date=November 19, 2012 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315144843/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444083304578018462369529592 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_37013.html |title=Compal Acquires Toshiba's Mexican LCD-TV Factory &#124; CENS.com – The Taiwan Economic News |publisher=CENS.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606122246/http://cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_37013.html |archive-date=June 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/corporate_information/page.php?path=/SelNews/corp_info/SEL_US_Locations.xml |title=SEL US Locations |publisher=News.sel.sony.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=February 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208203751/http://news.sel.sony.com/en/corporate_information/page.php?path=%2FSelNews%2Fcorp_info%2FSEL_US_Locations.xml |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web |last=Kessler |first=Michelle |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3824434&page=1 |title=Sharp takes a gamble on new TV plant in Mexico – ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809075229/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3824434&page=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/138482/sony_sharp_open_new_lcd_tv_plants.html |title=Sony, Sharp Open New LCD TV Plants |magazine=PCWorld |date=October 16, 2007 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=October 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031032025/http://www.pcworld.com/article/138482/sony_sharp_open_new_lcd_tv_plants.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panasonic.com/environmental/iso14001.asp |title=Panasonic Ideas for Life – ISO 14001 |publisher=Panasonic.com |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-date=March 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313211741/http://www.panasonic.com/environmental/iso14001.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2012, it was estimated that Japanese companies employed over one million workers in Mexico just in the automotive and technology manufacturing industries.
* Japan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Japan has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mx.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_es/index.html|title=Embajada de Japón en México|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326150759/https://www.mx.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_es/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php/es/|title=Embajada de México en Japón|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713054645/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/japon/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''See also'': ]
* ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}}||<!--Date started-->1980||See ] |{{flag|Jordan}}||<!--Date started-->July 9, 1975||See ]

* The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Jordan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mfa.gov.jo/es/embassy/Mexico |title=Embassy of Jordan in Mexico City |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020174014/https://mfa.gov.jo/es/embassy/Mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its embassy in Seoul, Republic of Korea.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/jordania/|title=Embajada de México en Jordania|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=April 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410135150/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/jordania/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||See ]
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.kz/es/mexico |title=Embassy of Kazakhstan in Mexico City (in Kazakh and Spanish) |access-date=July 7, 2017 |archive-date=February 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210234156/http://mfa.gov.kz/es/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Kazakhstan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Turkey />
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|{{flag|Kuwait}}||<!--Date started-->July 23, 1975||See ]
* Kuwait has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.kw/en/kuwaiti-diplomatic-missions-abroad/|title=State of Kuwait's Diplomatic Missions Abroad - Ministry of Foreign Affair|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020183213/https://www.mofa.gov.kw/en/kuwaiti-diplomatic-missions-abroad/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/kuwait/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702231021/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/kuwait/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||
* Kyrgyzstan is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kgembassy.org/en/ |title=Embassy of Kyrgyzstan in the United States |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831233414/https://www.kgembassy.org/en/ |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen24.pdf |title=Bilateral relations between Mexico and Central Asia |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=May 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517063226/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen24.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.<ref name=Iran />
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|{{flag|Laos}}||<!--Date started-->September 9, 1976||

* Laos is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.laoembassy.com/ |title=Embassy of Laos in the United States |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=November 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125195458/https://laoembassy.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/nombramiento_JVNS.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Thailand and Laos (in Spanish) |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713032625/http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/nombramiento_JVNS.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Laos from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.<ref name=Thailand>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/tailandia/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125141038/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/tailandia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started-->12 June 1945||See ] |{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started-->June 12, 1945||See ]
Mexico was among the first nations to recognize Lebanon's independence in 1943. Mexico was among the first nations to recognize Lebanon's independence in 1943.
Mexico was a popular destination during the ]. There is a significant population of Lebanese descent in Mexico, nearing half a million people, many of which travel to and support business with Lebanon. Mexico was a popular destination during the ]. There is a significant population of Lebanese descent in Mexico, nearing half a million people, many of which travel to and support business with Lebanon.
The and "Club Deportivo Libanés" in Mexico City are important symbols representing the historically cultural and social ties between both countries. The Centro Libanés and "Club Deportivo Libanés" in Mexico City are important symbols representing the historically cultural and social ties between both countries.
* Lebanon has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lb/mexico/spanish/home|title=Embajada del Líbano en México &#124; Página principal|website=www.mfa.gov.lb|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513070426/https://mfa.gov.lb/mexico/spanish/home|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lebanon has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/libano/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703142909/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/libano/|url-status=live}}</ref>
''See also'': ] ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->27 March 1974||See ] |{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->March 27, 1974||See ]
Relations between the two countries was established on 27 March 1974. Relations between the two countries was established on March 27, 1974.
* Malaysia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Malaysia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/mex_mexico-city/home |title=Embassy of Malaysia in Mexico |access-date=January 27, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203174600/http://www.kln.gov.my/web/mex_mexico-city/home |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Malaysia>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/malasia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Malaysia |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622170013/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/malasia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||<!--Date started-->19 January 1955||See ] |{{flag|Maldives}}||<!--Date started-->November 15, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> and has honorary consulates in ] and ].
* Maldives does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Pakistan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to the Maldives from its embassy in New Delhi, India.<ref name=India />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mongolia}}||<!--Date started-->September 24, 1975||See ]

In October 2001, Mexican President ] paid an official visit to Mongolia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/68321.html |title=Viajará a Mongolia sin aval del Congreso (in Spanish) |access-date=July 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418031508/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/68321.html |archive-date=April 18, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Korea /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portales.sre.gob.mx/saladeprensa/index.php/es/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/6801-embamex-cor|title=México y Mongolia conmemoran 40 años de relaciones diplomáticas|website=portales.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193458/https://portales.sre.gob.mx/saladeprensa/index.php/es/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/6801-embamex-cor|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/103704/CON_HON_130616_ASIA.pdf|title=Honorary Consulates of Mexico in Asia: Mongolia|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425032245/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/103704/CON_HON_130616_ASIA.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mongolianembassy.us/|title=Embassy of Mongolia|website=Embassy of Mongolia|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193457/https://mongolianembassy.us/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mongolianconsulate.mx/espanol/index.html |title=Honorary Consulate of Mongolia in Mexico City |access-date=July 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606220227/http://www.mongolianconsulate.mx/espanol/index.html |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Myanmar}}||<!--Date started-->October 1976||

* Mexico is accredited to Myanmar from its embassy in Singapore.<ref name=Singapore /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2016/985098.html |title=Primer encuentro de alto nivel México-Myanmar en 40 años (in Spanish) |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082648/http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2016/985098.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Myanmar is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.int/myanmar/|title=Myanmar Permanent Mission to the United Nations|website=www.un.int|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018154121/https://www.un.int/myanmar/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nepal}}||<!--Date started-->1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=India />
* Nepal is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://us.nepalembassy.gov.np/ |title=Embassy of Nepal in the United States |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411162509/http://us.nepalembassy.gov.np/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea}}||<!--Date started-->September 4, 1980||See ]
* The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acreditadas.sre.gob.mx/ |title=Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs: North Korea (in Spanish) |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204936/https://acreditadas.sre.gob.mx/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its embassy in Seoul, Republic of Korea.<ref name=Korea>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/corea/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001050407/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/corea/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Oman}}||<!--Date started-->July 31, 1975||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Oman from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Arabia />
* Oman is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||<!--Date started-->January 19, 1955||See ]
* Mexico is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran and has honorary consulates in ] and ].<ref name=Iran />
* Pakistan has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mexico/ |title=Embassy of Pakistan in Mexico |access-date=February 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218191242/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mexico/ |archive-date=February 18, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palestine}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ] |{{flag|Palestine}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ]
* Mexico has a representative office in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has a representative office in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oficinaenlace.sre.gob.mx/palestina/|title=Inicio|website=oficinaenlace.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094755/https://oficinaenlace.sre.gob.mx/palestina/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Palestine has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/palestina/|title=Embajada de la Delegación Especial de Palestina &#124; Instituto Nacional de Migracion|website=www.inm.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329130425/https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/palestina/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Palestine has a special delegation office in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Philippines}}||<!--Date started-->14 April 1953||See ] |{{flag|Philippines}}||<!--Date started-->April 14, 1953||See ]
Mexico and the ] share a myriad of traditions and customs derived from historical ties established nearly 450 years ago. Their common history dates back to the time when both countries were part of ]. Mexican money financed the expedition known as ], under the command of ]. During the Mexican administration of the Philippines, other than ], all of the governor-generals were born in Mexico. Due to the grand exchange with the Philippines in those days, many cultural traits were adopted by one another, with Mexicans remaining in the Philippines, and Filipinos establishing in Mexico, particularly the central west coast, near the port town of ]. Many ] words were adopted and popularized in the Philippines, such as ''Tianggui'' (market fair) and ''Zapote'' (a fruit).<ref>http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=717002&page=5</ref> Mexico and the ] share a myriad of traditions and customs derived from historical ties established over {{rounddown|{{age|format=raw|1565|1|1}}|-1}} years ago. Their common history dates back to the time when both countries were part of ]. Mexican money financed the expedition known as ], under the command of ]. During the Mexican administration of the Philippines, other than ], all of the governor-generals were born in Mexico. Due to the grand exchange with the Philippines in those days, many cultural traits were adopted by one another, with Mexicans remaining in the Philippines, and Filipinos establishing in Mexico, particularly the central west coast, near the port town of ]. Many ] words were adopted and popularized in the Philippines, such as ''Tianggui'' (market fair) and ''Zapote'' (a fruit).
After the colonial period, the first official contacts of Mexico with the Philippines were established in 1842, when a Mexican Representation was opened in Manila. With the assignment of Mexican Diplomat Evaristo Butler Hernandez in the Philippines in 1878. After the colonial period, the first official contacts of Mexico with the Philippines were established in 1842, when a Mexican Representation was opened in Manila. With the assignment of Mexican Diplomat Evaristo Butler Hernandez in the Philippines in 1878.
The Independence of the Philippines brought forth a new era of relations between these countries. Mexico dispatched an envoy to participate in the festivities to celebrate the birth of the ] nation. Diplomatic ties between both countries were formalized on April 14 of 1953. The year of 1964 was decreed the "Year of Philippine-Mexican Friendship" to celebrate the Fourth Centennial of the Expedition of Miguel López de Legazpi. In modern day, the conquest of the Philippines is seen as a Spanish initiative, while Mexico is viewed as a country of historical link and friendship, and several groups intend on strengthening the bond between the two countries.<ref>http://portal.sre.gob.mx/filipinaseng/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=59&op=page&SubMenu=</ref> The Independence of the Philippines brought forth a new era of relations between these countries. Mexico dispatched an envoy to participate in the festivities to celebrate the birth of the ] nation. Diplomatic ties between both countries were formalized on April 14, 1953. The year of 1964 was decreed the "Year of Philippine-Mexican Friendship" to celebrate the Fourth Centennial of the Expedition of Miguel López de Legazpi. In modern day, the conquest of the Philippines is seen as a Spanish initiative, while Mexico is viewed as a country of historical link and friendship, and several groups intend on strengthening the bond between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/filipinaseng/index.php?option%3Ddisplaypage%26Itemid%3D59%26op%3Dpage%26SubMenu%3D |title=Embassy of Mexico in Philippines |access-date=August 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103123213/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/filipinaseng/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=59&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=November 3, 2011}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Philippines>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/filipinas/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720172418/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/filipinas/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Philippines has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Philippines has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mexicope.dfa.gov.ph/ |title=Embassy of the Philippines in Mexico |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122222116/https://mexicope.dfa.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||<!--Date started-->12 September 1952||See ] |{{flag|Qatar}}||<!--Date started-->June 30, 1975||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/qatar/en/|title=Embajada México en Qatar|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=July 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718082806/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/qatar/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Qatar has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mexico.embassy.qa/en |title=Embassy of Qatar in Mexico City |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020034652/https://mexico.embassy.qa/en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
*''See also'': ]
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||<!--Date started-->September 12, 1952||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Arabia />
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/mexico/en/Pages/default.aspx |title=Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Mexico City |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020180627/https://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/mexico/EN/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Singapore}}||<!--Date started-->August 9, 1965||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in Singapore.<ref name=Singapore />
* Singapore is accredited to Mexico with a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore and maintains an honorary consulate-general in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/overseasmission/mexico_city.html |title=Singapore Honorary Consulate-General – Mexico City |website=Mfa.gov.sg |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326032832/http://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/overseasmission/mexico_city.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||<!--Date started-->January 26, 1962||See ]
* The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mex.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/mex/main/index.jsp |title=Embassy of South Korea in Mexico |access-date=November 15, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014614/http://mex.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/mex/main/index.jsp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Korea />
* ''See also:'' ]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||<!--Date started-->April 19, 1960||See ]


* Mexico is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=India />
* Sri Lanka is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slembassyusa.org/new/|title=Home|website=slembassyusa.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619033326/https://slembassyusa.org/new/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}<ref>http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24590.jsp?menu=m_30_30</ref>||<!--Date started-->26 January 1962||See ] ] |{{flag|Syria}}||<!--Date started-->August 20, 1950||See ]
Mexico and Syria established diplomatic relations on August 20, 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |title=Mexico-Syria relations (in Spanish) |access-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426133551/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*a
* The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
*b
*c
* ] ].<ref>http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24590.jsp?menu=m_30_30</ref>


* Mexico is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.<ref name=Egypt />
* Syria does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Thailand}}||<!--Date started-->28 August 1975||See ] |{{flag|Taiwan}}||<!--Date started-->1972||See ]
* Mexico has a liaison office in ] known as the "Mexican Trade Services, Documentation and Cultural Office".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oficinaenlace2.sre.gob.mx/taiwan/ |title=Mexican Trade Services, Documentation and Cultural Office (in Chinese and Spanish) |access-date=November 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121105733/https://oficinaenlace2.sre.gob.mx/taiwan/ |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Taiwan has a liaison office in Mexico City known as the "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico" (''Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en México'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roc-taiwan.org/mx_es/index.html|title=首頁 - Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en México 駐墨西哥台北經濟文化辦事處|website=www.roc-taiwan.org|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628084827/https://www.roc-taiwan.org/mx_es/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Thailand has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->1928||See ] |{{flag|Tajikistan}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||
* Mexico is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.<ref name=Iran />
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a consulate in ].<ref></ref>
* Tajikistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the ] in ], United States.
* Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> and a consulate in ], ], and ]<ref>http://www.embassypages.com/mexico</ref>
* Both nations are full members of the ] and the ].
*''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||<!--Date started-->12 September 1975||See ] |{{flag|Thailand}}||<!--Date started-->August 28, 1975||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Thailand />
Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United Arab Emirates began on 12 September 1975.<ref></ref>
* Thailand has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thailatinamerica.net/mexico/ |title=Embajada Real de Tailandia en Mexico |website=Thailatinamerica.net |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110957/http://thailatinamerica.net/mexico/ |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a trade office in ].<ref></ref>
|- valign="top"
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->1927<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web| url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mexico.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Mexico| access-date=October 20, 2020| archive-date=October 9, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009173127/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mexico.en.mfa| url-status=live}}</ref>||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref name="Turkey"/> and a consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/estambul/ |title=Consulate of Mexico in Istanbul |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020172449/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/estambul/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mexico.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City (in Spanish and Turkish)|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603083729/http://mexico.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of ], ] and ].
*Flights from Istanbul to Mexico City and Cancún were launched in August 2019.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
* Trade volume between the two countries was 1,3 billion USD USD in 2019 (Mexican exports/imports: 678/602 million USD.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
* ] has a local headquarters in Mexico City.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||<!--Date started-->1992||
* Mexico is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.<ref name=Turkey />
* Turkmenistan is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usa.tmembassy.gov.tm/en|title=Home &#124; WASHINGTON, USA - EMBASSY OF TURKMENISTAN|website=usa.tmembassy.gov.tm|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020234410/https://usa.tmembassy.gov.tm/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||<!--Date started-->September 12, 1975||See ]
Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United Arab Emirates began on September 12, 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/cg/MOECGEDubai102011.pdf |title=MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CONSULADO GENERAL DE MÉXICO EN DUBÁI |website=Sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211094558/http://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/cg/MOECGEDubai102011.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=UAE />
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mofaic.gov.ae/en/missions/mexico-city|title=UAE Embassy in Mexico|website=www.mofaic.gov.ae|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020033144/https://www.mofaic.gov.ae/en/missions/mexico-city|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||
* Mexico is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.<ref name=Iran />
* Uzbekistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uzbekconsulny.org/consulate/index.php/en/|title=Home|date=April 9, 2014|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=April 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409105917/http://www.uzbekconsulny.org/consulate/index.php/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ] |{{flag|Vietnam}}||<!--Date started-->1975||See ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vietnam/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |date=May 10, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213083332/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vietnam/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Vietnam has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Vietnam has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vietnamembassy-mexico.org/en/ |title=Vietnam Embassy in Mexico – main_page |website=Vietnamembassy-mexico.org |date=June 1, 2004 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001183437/http://www.vietnamembassy-mexico.org/en |archive-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Yemen}}||<!--Date started-->March 2, 1976||

* Mexico is accredited to Yemen from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Arabia />
* Yemen is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yemenembassy.org/|title=Yemen Embassy in Washington DC|website=Yemen Embassy in Washington DC|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619124908/https://www.yemenembassy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|} |}


===Europe=== === Europe ===
Mexico was the first ] country to sign a partnership agreement with the ] (EU), in 1997, composed by ].<ref name="Mexico FTA"/> The agreement entered into force in July 2000 and has considerably strengthened bilateral relations between the two partners. It governs all relations between them, including a regular high-level political dialogue, and shared values such as democracy and human rights. Mexico was the first ] country to sign a partnership agreement with the ] (EU), in 1997, composed by ].<ref name="Mexico FTA" /> The agreement entered into force in July 2000 and has considerably strengthened bilateral relations between the two partners. It governs all relations between them, including a regular high-level political dialogue, and shared values such as democracy and human rights.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
Line 431: Line 1,637:
!Notes !Notes
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->30 July 1842||See ] |{{flag|Albania}}||<!--Date started-->October 15, 1974||See ]
Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Albania on October 15, 1974. Shortly thereafter Mexico opened a resident embassy in ], however the embassy was closed in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_europa/reu/docs/dictamen_141215_3.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Albania (in Spanish) |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114004457/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_europa/reu/docs/dictamen_141215_3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Albania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], USA.
* Mexico is accredited to Albania from its embassy in ], Italy <ref name=Italy>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023}}</ref> and has an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.mexico.al/ |title=Honorary Consulate of Mexico in Tirana (in Albanian and English) |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526091231/http://en.mexico.al/ |archive-date=May 26, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Andorra}}||<!-- Start date -->May 5, 1995||See ]

* Andorra is accredited to Mexico from its embassy based in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy |title=Embassy of Andorra in New York City |access-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-date=August 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812032657/https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain<ref name=Spain>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/espana/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190633/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/espana/|url-status=live}}</ref> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->July 30, 1842||See ]

During the ] and subsequently the ] between 1864 and 1867; with French backing, ], member of Austria's Imperial ] family was proclaimed ].


In 1938, Mexico became the only country to protest against the ] of Austria at the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2008/joint-communique-by-austria-and-mexico-on-the-occasion-of-the-70th-anniversary-of-the-mexican-protest-against-the-anschluss-of-austria-by-nazi-germany/|title=Joint communiqué by Austria and Mexico on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Mexican protest against the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich|last=Österreich|first=Außenministerium der Republik|website=www.bmeia.gv.at|language=en|access-date=April 7, 2017|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105300/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2008/joint-communique-by-austria-and-mexico-on-the-occasion-of-the-70th-anniversary-of-the-mexican-protest-against-the-anschluss-of-austria-by-nazi-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During ], Austria was part of the ] and in May 1942 Mexico declared war on Germany after the destruction of two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico by German ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mexicodiplomatico.org/lecturas/Historia%20de%20las%20Relaciones%20Internacionales%20S.XX/7.%20Historia%20de%20la%20Diplomacia%20entre%20Mexico%20y%20Alemania.pdf|title=mexicodiplomatico.org|website=www.mexicodiplomatico.org|language=en|access-date=April 7, 2017|archive-date=November 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134450/http://www.mexicodiplomatico.org/lecturas/Historia%20de%20las%20Relaciones%20Internacionales%20S.XX/7.%20Historia%20de%20la%20Diplomacia%20entre%20Mexico%20y%20Alemania.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the war, normal relations were restored between the two nations.
During the ] and subsequently the ] between 1864 and 1867; with French backing, ], member of Austria's Imperial ] family was proclaimed ].


As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America.<ref></ref> The same year, the ] ] visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever ] of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.<ref></ref> As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/aussereuropaeischer-raum/lateinamerika-und-die-karibik.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215171059/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/aussereuropaeischer-raum/lateinamerika-und-die-karibik.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2012|title=Außenministerium Österreich -> Lateinamerika und die Karibik}}</ref> The same year, the ] ] visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever ] of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mckeough |first=Tim |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/01/news/austria.php |title=The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia |newspaper=] |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=August 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828131257/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/01/news/austria.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmeia.gv.at/es/embajada-de-austria-en-mexico/|title=Embajada de Austria en México|first=Außenministerium der Republik|last=Österreich|website=www.bmeia.gv.at|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203442/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/es/embajada-de-austria-en-mexico/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="ReferenceB"></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Austria>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/austria/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804175902/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/austria/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date Started--> January 1992||See ]
Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/samoseiko-visit-of-mexican-parliamentary-delegation-to-belarus-will-bolster-bilateral-ties-12410-2015|title=Samoseiko: Visit of Mexican parliamentary delegation to Belarus will bolster bilateral ties|date=May 11, 2015|website=eng.belta.by|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193457/https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/samoseiko-visit-of-mexican-parliamentary-delegation-to-belarus-will-bolster-bilateral-ties-12410-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/ |title=Embassy of Belarus in Cuba |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205003425/https://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/kcfinder/upload/files/Structure/2020_honorary_consuls.pdf |title=Honorary consulates of Belarus (in Belarusian) |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126123508/https://www.mfa.gov.by/kcfinder/upload/files/Structure/2020_honorary_consuls.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in ], ]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia |title=Embassy of Mexico in Russia |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121106/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/7404-embamex-rus |title=Apertura del Consulado Honorario de México en Minsk (in Spanish) |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126121524/https://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/7404-embamex-rus |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->1836||See ] |{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->1836||See ]


In 1836, Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico. In 1919, the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established. Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on June 5, 1954.<ref></ref> In 1836, Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico. In 1919, the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established. Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on June 5, 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://diplobel.fgov.be/caironl/posts/nl/press/homedetails.asp?TEXTID=20269 |title=Diplomatie.be |website=Diplobel.fgov.be |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706134053/http://diplobel.fgov.be/caironl/posts/nl/press/homedetails.asp?TEXTID=20269 |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/mexico |title=Embassy of Belgium in Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804133007/https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Belgium>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Belgium |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=March 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318115453/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||<!--Date started-->1938||See ] |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||<!-- Start date -->August 15, 2001||


* Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhembassy.org/ |title=Embassy of Bosnia in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927172202/http://www.bhembassy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bulgaria has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in ], ] and an honorary consulate in ].<ref name="ReferenceC"></ref> * Mexico is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name=Serbia>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/serbia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Serbia |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425185752/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/serbia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->12 June 1992|| |{{flag|Bulgaria}}||<!--Date started-->January 6, 1938||See ]


* Bulgaria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.bg/embassies/mexico/ |title=Embassy of Bulgaria in Mexico City (in Bulgarian and English) |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804105540/https://www.mfa.bg/embassies/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Croatia is accredited in Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in ], ] and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Budapest, Hungary (in English, Hungarian and Spanish) |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=November 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103220718/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited in Croatia from its embassy in ], ].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->December 6, 1992||See ]

* Croatia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], USA and has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/mexico-mexico-df,502.html#p |title=MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Mexico, Mexico D.F |website=Mvep.hr |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001195321/http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/mexico-mexico-df,502.html#p |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in ], ] and has honorary consulates in ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/en/embassy/honorary-consulates |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228033741/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/en/embassy/honorary-consulates |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||<!--Date started-->February 21, 1974||See ]

* Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Greece>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Greece |access-date=August 5, 2017 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101002841/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Date started-->1922||See ] |{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Date started-->1922||See ]


* Czech Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Czech Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/index.html |title=Embajada de la Republica Checa en Mexico |website=Mzv.cz |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919075834/http://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicacheca/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526110455/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicacheca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ] |{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ]


* Denmark is Mexico's largest investor and trade partner among the ]. Diplomatic relations began in 1827 with a ''Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation''.<ref></ref> * Denmark is Mexico's largest investor and trade partner among the ]. Diplomatic relations began in 1827 with a ''Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=30560 |title=Client Validation |website=Presidencia.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081355/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=30560 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Denmark has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Denmark has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.um.dk/es.aspx |title=Dinamarca en Mexico |website=Mexico.um.dk |date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129023859/http://mexico.um.dk/es.aspx |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/dinamarca/ |title=INICIO |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=June 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619035123/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/dinamarca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->11 November 1949||See ] |{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Date started-->January 28, 1937||See ]


* Estonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ] and maintains honorary consulates in Mexico City and in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.estemb.org/honorary_consuls |title=Embassy of Estonia in Washington, D.C. |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120181942/http://www.estemb.org/honorary_consuls |archive-date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Finland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in ], ] and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Helsinki (in English and Spanish) |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306110930/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->26 November 1826||See ] |{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->November 11, 1949||See ]

* Finland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finlandia.org.mx/ |title=Suomen suurlähetystö, Mexico |website=Finlandia.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905181654/http://www.finlandia.org.mx/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Finland &#124; Embajada de México en Finlandia |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226033503/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->November 26, 1826||See ]
] with French President ], 2017.]]

The ] was recognized '']'' by France until 1830.<ref name="EmbassyFR" /> The first official contacts concerned trading, in 1827 an agreement signed in Paris established that both countries and its citizens would enjoy a privileged position reciprocally, which included complaints and demands related to the damages suffered during the war from French citizens living in Mexico, the ] refused to ratify it.<ref name="EmbassyFR">{{cite web | language=es | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral Relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in France | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=page&SubMenu= | access-date=April 14, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185809/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=page&SubMenu= | archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref> then-] ] sent an ] urging the Mexican government to pay off its debts, due to ], refused to do so.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 95.</ref> In 1838, a French pastry cook, Monsieur Remontel, claimed his shop in the ] district of ] had been ruined by looting Mexican officers in 1828, he appealed to ] ]. Coming to its citizen's aid, France demanded ]$600,000 in damages.<ref name="Pastry War">El Colegio de México (2007), p. 574-577.</ref> When the payment was not forthcoming from then-President ], Louis-Philippe sent a fleet to declare a blockade of all Mexican ports from ] to the ], and to seize the ], which led to an armed conflict known as the ].<ref name="Pastry War" /> British diplomat ] offered his mediation, after several negotiations, Mexico was eventually forced to pay the initially demanded MXN$600,000 and burdensome compensations.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96" />


In 1861, the liberals won the ], however, it left the treasury depleted. ], and foreign creditors were demanding full repayment of Mexican debts, Juárez proceeded to declare a ] on all foreign debt repayments.<ref name="VF 105" /> ], ] and Spain decided to launch a joint occupation of the ] coast to force repayment.<ref name="VF 105" /> The Spanish and British quickly figured out that Juárez fully intended to pay the debts when he could, so they withdrew. They also realized that the French had other intentions, indicated by the arrival of reinforcements, and had no desire to help France achieve its ambitions, which led to a ], encouraged by the defeated conservatives.<ref name="VF 105">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 105.</ref> When the French entered ] in mid-1863, the conservatives quickly invited ] of ] to accept the Mexican crown, who agreed believing that this act responded to the desire of a majority of Mexicans.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 617-618.</ref> However, once the conservatives understood Maximilian's democratic sentiments and ] attitudes, began withdrawing their support.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 621-624.</ref> When the ] ended, the U.S. made its ] valid and intervened by providing military and financial aid to Juárez.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 107.</ref> Meanwhile, in Europe, France was increasingly threatened by a belligerent ] and, by 1866, ] began recalling his troops stationed in Mexico.<ref name="Flores106" /> Conservative forces switched sides and began supporting the Mexican liberals. United resumed their campaign on February 19, 1867, and on May 15, ] surrendered. He was tried and, on Juárez's orders, was executed on June 19.<ref name="Flores106" /> After an exhaustive process, ] were reestablished in 1880, leaving behind claims related to the war.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 117.</ref>
The ] was recognized '']'' by France until 1830.<ref name="EmbassyFR"/> The first official contacts concerned trading, in 1827 an agreement signed in Paris established that both countries and its citizens would enjoy a privileged position reciprocally, which included complaints and demands related to the damages suffered during the war from French citizens living in Mexico, the ] refused to ratify it.<ref name="EmbassyFR">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral Relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in France | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=page&SubMenu= | accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> then-] ] sent an ] urging the Mexican government to pay off its debts, due to ], refused to do so.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 95.</ref> In 1838, a French pastry cook, Monsieur Remontel, claimed his shop in the ] district of ] had been ruined by looting Mexican officers in 1828, he appealed to ] ]. Coming to its citizen's aid, France demanded ]$600,000 in damages.<ref name="Pastry War">El Colegio de México (2007), p. 574-577.</ref> When the payment was not forthcoming from then-President ], Louis-Philippe sent a fleet to declare a blockade of all Mexican ports from ] to the ], and to seize the ], which led to an armed conflict known as the ].<ref name="Pastry War"/> British diplomat ] offered his mediation, after several negotiations, Mexico was eventually forced to pay the initially demanded MXN$600,000 and burdensome compensations.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96"/>


], ] and ] at the G20 Leaders Summit 2017.]]
In 1861, the liberals won the ], however, it left the treasury depleted. ], and foreign creditors were demanding full repayment of Mexican debts, Juárez proceeded to declare a ] on all foreign debt repayments.<ref name="VF 105"/> ], ] and Spain decided to launch a joint occupation of the ] coast to force repayment.<ref name="VF 105"/> The Spanish and British quickly figured out that Juárez fully intended to pay the debts when he could, so they withdrew. They also realized that the French had other intentions, indicated by the arrival of reinforcements, and had no desire to help France achieve its ambitions, which led to a ], encouraged by the defeated conservatives.<ref name="VF 105">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 105.</ref> When the French entered ] in mid-1863, the conservatives quickly invited ] of ] to accept the Mexican crown, who agreed believing that this act responded to the desire of a majority of Mexicans.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 617-618.</ref> However, once the conservatives understood Maximilian's democratic sentiments and ] attitudes, began withdrawing their support.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 621-624.</ref> When the ] ended, the U.S. made its ] valid and intervened by providing military and financial aid to Juárez.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 107.</ref> Meanwhile, in Europe, France was increasingly threatened by a belligerent ] and, by 1866, ] began recalling his troops stationed in Mexico.<ref name="Flores106"/> Conservative forces switched sides and began supporting the Mexican liberals. United resumed their campaign on February 19, 1867, and on May 15, ] surrendered. He was tried and, on Juárez's orders, was executed on June 19.<ref name="Flores106"/> After an exhaustive process, ] were reestablished in 1880, leaving behind claims related to the war.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 117.</ref>


Both nations had an international dispute over the island of ], which had been under Mexican occupation, but claimed by the Foreign Ministry of France.<ref>Original treaty between Mexico and France, French Foreign Ministry Archives, PDF file: .</ref> In 1931 both nations agreed to abide to the arbitration of King ], who declared it a French territory. Both nations had an international dispute over the island of ], which had been under Mexican occupation, but claimed by the Foreign Ministry of France.<ref>Original treaty between Mexico and France, French Foreign Ministry Archives, PDF file: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725105321/https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D19090019.pdf |date=July 25, 2011 }}.</ref> In 1931 both nations agreed to abide to the arbitration of King ], who declared it a French territory.


When the ] collapsed in 1958, Mexico was the first country that recognized the ] founded by General ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 141.</ref> In subsequent years, both countries coordinated actions and released a communiqué that supported the ] (FMLN) during the ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 157.</ref> Recently, ] ] paid a state visit in March 2009, however, controversy over the ] case, a ] convicted of kidnapping in Mexico sentenced to 60 years in jail, overshadowed the bilateral agenda.<ref name="NYT France"/> Backed by the "Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons", Sarkozy persuaded the Mexican government to allow Cassez to serve out her sentence in France, however, public opinion in Mexico strongly opposes under the suspicion that once home, she would quickly be released from jail.<ref name="NYT Cassez"/> A bilateral commission was established to handle the case.<ref name="NYT Cassez">{{cite news | author=Elisabeth Malkin | title=A Cause Célèbre Clouds Mexican Sentiment on Kidnapping Scourge | date=April 8, 2009 | publisher=The New York Times | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?scp=1&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> Meanwhile, speaking at the ] in Mexico City, Sarkozy praised Calderón for Mexico's "courageous and determined" ]<ref name="NYT France">{{cite news | author=NY Times Editors | title=France strikes deal with Mexico on prisoner | date=March 2009 | publisher=The New York Times | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/europe/10iht-sarko.4.20737537.html?scp=3&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> and urged the ] to reform the ] in order to allow the ] to collaborate with the United Nations in ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ricardo Gómez | title=El mundo espera más de México: Sarkozy | date=March 9, 2009 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/582309.html | accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> Supported by ] ], Sarkozy has previously expressed that the ] would benefit from a permanent enlargement that includes the ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Staff Writers | title=Brown backs Sarkozy plan for expanding G8 | date=January 8, 2008 | publisher=Space Daily | url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Brown_backs_Sarkozy_plan_for_expanding_G8_999.html | accessdate=April 14, 2009}}</ref> When the ] collapsed in 1958, Mexico was the first country that recognized the ] founded by General ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 141.</ref> In subsequent years, both countries coordinated actions and released a communiqué that supported the ] (FMLN) during the ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 157.</ref> Recently, ] ] paid a state visit in March 2009, however, controversy over the ] case, a ] convicted of kidnapping in Mexico sentenced to 60 years in jail, overshadowed the bilateral agenda.<ref name="NYT France" /> Backed by the "Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons", Sarkozy persuaded the Mexican government to allow Cassez to serve out her sentence in France, however, public opinion in Mexico strongly opposes under the suspicion that once home, she would quickly be released from jail.<ref name="NYT Cassez" /> A bilateral commission was established to handle the case.<ref name="NYT Cassez">{{cite news | author=Elisabeth Malkin | title=A Cause Célèbre Clouds Mexican Sentiment on Kidnapping Scourge | date=April 8, 2009 | newspaper=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?scp=1&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=May 22, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522004114/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?scp=1&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, speaking at the ] in Mexico City, Sarkozy praised Calderón for Mexico's "courageous and determined" ]<ref name="NYT France">{{cite news | title=France strikes deal with Mexico on prisoner | date=March 2009 | newspaper=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/europe/10iht-sarko.4.20737537.html?scp=3&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=May 21, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521223952/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/europe/10iht-sarko.4.20737537.html?scp=3&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | url-status=live }}</ref> and urged the ] to reform the ] in order to allow the ] to collaborate with the United Nations in ] missions.<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Ricardo Gómez | title=El mundo espera más de México: Sarkozy | date=March 9, 2009 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/582309.html | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=March 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312032604/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/582309.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Supported by ] ], Sarkozy has previously expressed that the ] would benefit from a permanent enlargement that includes the ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Staff Writers | title=Brown backs Sarkozy plan for expanding G8 | date=January 8, 2008 | publisher=Space Daily | url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Brown_backs_Sarkozy_plan_for_expanding_G8_999.html | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=June 6, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606230046/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Brown_backs_Sarkozy_plan_for_expanding_G8_999.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* France has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * France has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-mx.org/ |title=La France au Mexique – Francia en México |website=Ambafrance-mx.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072835/http://www.ambafrance-mx.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a Liaison Office in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref name=France>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in France |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506142014/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a liaison office in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/oficinas-de-enlace-de-mexico/estrasburgo |title=Liaison Office of Mexico in Strasbourg |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629042925/https://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/oficinas-de-enlace-de-mexico/estrasburgo |url-status=dead }}</ref>
''See also'': ] ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->1823||See ] |{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->1823||See ]
] in ] with President Fox.]]


]'s reports on his trip to then-] back in the early 19th century heralded the start of Germany's interest in Mexico.<ref name="Mex-Ger">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Diplomatic relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/pdf/trata2.pdf | accessdate=April 15, 2009}}</ref> Commercial links were quickly established through the signing of the "Treaty of Commerce and Navigation" between Mexico and ] in 1823. Due to increasing investment, six years later, ] sent Carl Koppe as its first General Consul and first representative in the newborn nation. During the administration of dictator ], commercial ties significantly strengthened.<ref name="Mex-Ger"/> ]'s reports on his trip to then-] back in the early 19th century heralded the start of Germany's interest in Mexico.<ref name="Mex-Ger">{{cite web |language=es |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Diplomatic relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/pdf/trata2.pdf |access-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407085644/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/pdf/trata2.pdf |archive-date=April 7, 2009}}</ref> Commercial links were quickly established through the signing of the "Treaty of Commerce and Navigation" between Mexico and ] in 1823. Due to increasing investment, six years later, ] sent Carl Koppe as its first general consul and first representative in the newborn nation. During the administration of dictator ], commercial ties significantly strengthened.<ref name="Mex-Ger" />


In January 1917, Britain's secret Royal Navy ] group, ], intercepted a proposal from Berlin, the ], to Mexico to join the ] as Germany's ally against the United States, should the U.S. join. The proposal suggested, if the U.S. were to enter the war, Mexico should declare war against the U.S. and enlist Japan as an ally. This would prevent the U.S. from joining the ] and deploying troops to Europe, and would give Germany more time for their unrestricted submarine warfare program to strangle Britain's vital war supplies. In return, the Germans would promise Mexico support in reclaiming Texas, ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tuchman|first=Barbara Wertheim|author-link=Barbara Tuchman|title=]|location=New York |publisher=Macmillan|year=1962|isbn=|oclc=192333}}</ref> When the U.S. entered the war on April 2, 1917, eleven days later then-President ] not only turned down the proposition but also declared neutrality.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007) p. 808.</ref> In January 1917, Britain's secret Royal Navy ] group, ], intercepted a proposal from Berlin, the ], to Mexico to join the ] as Germany's ally against the United States, should the U.S. join. The proposal suggested, if the U.S. were to enter the war, Mexico should declare war against the U.S. and enlist Japan as an ally. This would prevent the U.S. from joining the ] and deploying troops to Europe, and would give Germany more time for their unrestricted submarine warfare program to strangle Britain's vital war supplies. In return, the Germans would promise Mexico support in reclaiming Texas, ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tuchman|first=Barbara Wertheim|author-link=Barbara Tuchman|title=The Guns of August|location=New York |publisher=Macmillan|year=1962|oclc=192333|title-link=The Guns of August}}</ref> When the U.S. entered the war on April 2, 1917, eleven days later then-President ] not only turned down the proposition but also declared neutrality.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007) p. 808.</ref>


Nearly 25,000 ] of German ancestry immigrated from Canada to Mexico and settled in the ] of ] and ] in 1922, their agricultural centers still contribute to the economy of the region.<ref name="German Embassy"/> During the ], Mexico received hundreds of ], standing out important figures such as ], ] and Paul Westheim.<ref name="German Embassy"/> During the Second World War, the ] sank two Mexican oil tankers such as '']'' and ''Potrero de Llano'', despite Mexico's neutrality. This attacks were enough to make Mexico enter the world conflict.<ref>{{cite web | author=Mexican government | title=President Calderón at Ceremony to Commemorate Pilots of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force, 201st Squadron, during the Second World War | date=May 1, 2008 | publisher=Presidency of the Republic | url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/speeches/?contenido=35326 | accessdate=April 15, 2009}}</ref> In 1952, ] between the two countries were officially reestablished.<ref name="German Embassy"/> Nearly 25,000 ] of German ancestry immigrated from Canada to Mexico and settled in the ] of ] and ] in 1922, their agricultural centers still contribute to the economy of the region.<ref name="German Embassy" /> After the establishment of ], Mexico received hundreds of ], standing out important figures such as ], ] and Paul Westheim.<ref name="German Embassy" /> During the Second World War, the ] sank two Mexican oil tankers such as '']'' and ''Potrero de Llano'', despite Mexico's neutrality. This attacks were enough to make Mexico enter the world conflict.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mexican government |title=President Calderón at Ceremony to Commemorate Pilots of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force, 201st Squadron, during the Second World War |date=May 1, 2008 |publisher=Presidency of the Republic |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/speeches/?contenido=35326 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611165337/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/speeches/?contenido=35326 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1952, ] between the two countries were officially reestablished.<ref name="German Embassy" />


In 1964, the foundation of ] in ], Mexico, best represents the foreign investment from Germany; specifically, the ], informally called "vocho", is commonly seen as a symbol of Germany in the country.<ref name="German Embassy">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=History of relations between Mexico and Germany | publisher=German Embassy in Mexico | url=http://www.mexiko.diplo.de/Vertretung/mexiko/es/03_20Politik/Bilaterale__Beziehungen/Historia__mex__alem.html | accessdate=April 15, 2009}}</ref> In contemporary times, Germany is viewed as a privileged partner in Europe, from whom economic, political and cultural engagement in Mexico is expected. Bilateral relations are being intensified in all areas based on a "Joint Declaration" between the two countries' ] signed in April 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title=Political relations | publisher=Federal Foreign Office | url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Mexiko.html | accessdate=April 15, 2009}}</ref> Economic ties have been strengthened since the ]-Mexico ] went into force in July 2000, Germany has become Mexico's fourth-largest trading partner.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Economic relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=134&op=page&SubMenu= | accessdate=April 15, 2009}}</ref> In 1964, the foundation of ] in ], Mexico, best represents the foreign investment from Germany; specifically, the ], informally called "vocho", is commonly seen as a symbol of Germany in the country.<ref name="German Embassy">{{cite web | language=es | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=History of relations between Mexico and Germany | publisher=German Embassy in Mexico | url=http://www.mexiko.diplo.de/Vertretung/mexiko/es/03_20Politik/Bilaterale__Beziehungen/Historia__mex__alem.html | access-date=April 15, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718231413/http://www.mexiko.diplo.de/Vertretung/mexiko/es/03_20Politik/Bilaterale__Beziehungen/Historia__mex__alem.html | archive-date=July 18, 2011 | url-status=dead}}</ref> In contemporary times, Germany is viewed as a privileged partner in Europe, from whom economic, political and cultural engagement in Mexico is expected. Bilateral relations are being intensified in all areas based on a "Joint Declaration" between the two countries' ] signed in April 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title=Political relations | publisher=Federal Foreign Office | url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Mexiko.html | access-date=April 15, 2009 | archive-date=June 21, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621091724/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Mexiko.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Economic ties have been strengthened since the ]-Mexico ] went into force in July 2000, Germany has become Mexico's fourth-largest trading partner.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Economic relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=134&op=page&SubMenu= |access-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185932/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=134&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref>
* Germany has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Germany has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mexiko.diplo.de |title=Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México – Página principal |language=es |website=Mexiko.diplo.de |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421011501/https://mexiko.diplo.de/ |archive-date=April 21, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ],<ref></ref> a consulate in ]<ref></ref> and a trade office in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/alemania/ |title=INICIO |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510095925/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/alemania/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a consulate in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/frankfurt/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |date=May 12, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501224605/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/frankfurt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a trade office in ].<ref name="promexico1">{{cite web |author=Mexico |url=http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/orex |title=ProMéxico offices abroad |website=Promexico.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307062651/http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/orex |archive-date=March 7, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
''See also'': ] ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->17 May 1938||See ] |{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->May 17, 1938||See ]


* Greece has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Greece has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/mexico-en |title=Greece in Mexico - Hellenic Republic - Greece in the World |access-date=June 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217183417/http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/mexico-en |archive-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Greece />
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See ] |{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See ]
Line 508: Line 1,751:
* Mexico's President ], expelled the ] in 1861, breaking off diplomatic relations. * Mexico's President ], expelled the ] in 1861, breaking off diplomatic relations.
* In 1904 the Holy See assigned an ] to Mexico. Diplomatic relations were restored in 1992, giving the office of the Apostolic Delegate in Mexico City the status of a ]. As of 2012 about 78% of Mexico's population declared themselves Roman Catholics. * In 1904 the Holy See assigned an ] to Mexico. Diplomatic relations were restored in 1992, giving the office of the Apostolic Delegate in Mexico City the status of a ]. As of 2012 about 78% of Mexico's population declared themselves Roman Catholics.
* Holy See has an Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Holy See has an Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D143%3A111%26catid%3D35 |title=Santa Sede |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626174727/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143%3A111&catid=35 |archive-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
* Mexico has a resident embassy to the Holy See in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has a resident embassy to the Holy See in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vaticano/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702215503/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vaticano/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Date started-->1864||See ] |{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Date started-->1864||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Hungary and Mexico were suspended between 1941 and 1974 and re-established on May 14, 1974. The Mexican embassy in Budapest was opened on September 30, 1976. Diplomatic relations between Hungary and Mexico were suspended between 1941 and 1974 and re-established on May 14, 1974. The Mexican embassy in Budapest was opened on September 30, 1976.
* Hungary has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Hungary has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/MX/en/mainpage.htm |title=Mexico City |website=Mfa.gov.hu |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107155207/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/MX/en/mainpage.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202402/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->1960||See ] |{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->1960||See ]


* Iceland is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Iceland is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/ |title=United States - Washington DC > the Icelandic Foreign Services |access-date=February 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218054859/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/ |archive-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Mexico is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in ], ].<ref name="autogenerated2" />
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ireland}}||<!--Date started-->21 August 1975||See ] |{{flag|Ireland}}||<!--Date started-->August 21, 1975||See ]


* Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id%3D53654 |title=Department of Foreign Affairs |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026022113/http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=53654 |archive-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/irlanda/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430154219/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/irlanda/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
''See also'': ] and ] ''See also'': ] and ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->15 December 1874||See ] |{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->December 15, 1874||See ]


The first contact between Italy and Mexico was in 1869, just before the end of ] in 1870; when Italy expressed its desire to open a consulate in Mexico. A consulate was opened in Mexico in December 1872, however, diplomatic relations between the two nations were not established until 15 December 1874.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx"></ref> The first contact between Italy and Mexico was in 1869, just before the end of ] in 1870; when Italy expressed its desire to open a consulate in Mexico. A consulate was opened in Mexico in December 1872, however, diplomatic relations between the two nations were not established until December 15, 1874.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/embajada |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201355/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/embajada |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


During ], Mexico remained neutral because it was involved in its own ] during the same time. In the 1930s, diplomatic relations between the two nations began to deteriorate when Prime Minister ] invaded and annexed Abyssinia (now ]) during the ] in 1935-1936. Mexico was one of the few countries to vehemently oppose the occupation of Abyssinia by Italian forces.<ref></ref> On 22 May 1942, Mexico declared war on the ] due to German u-boat attacks on two Mexican oil tankers in the ] that same year. Diplomatic relations were re-established on 1 June 1946.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx"/> During ], Mexico remained neutral because it was involved in its own ] during the same time. In the 1930s, diplomatic relations between the two nations began to deteriorate when Prime Minister ] invaded and annexed Abyssinia (now ]) during the ] in 1935–1936. Mexico was one of the few countries to vehemently oppose the occupation of Abyssinia by Italian forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rime.to.cnr.it/2012/RIVISTA/N7/2011/articoli/Savarino.pdf |title=Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea |issn=2035-794X |website=Rime.to.cnr.it |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210850/http://rime.to.cnr.it/2012/RIVISTA/N7/2011/articoli/Savarino.pdf |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On May 22, 1942, Mexico declared war on the ] due to German u-boat attacks on two Mexican oil tankers in the ] that same year. Diplomatic relations were re-established on June 1, 1946.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx" />


In 1997, Mexico signed a ] with the ] (which includes Italy). Trade between the two nations totaled just over six billion USD in 2011. Among the products that Mexico exports to Italy are: automobiles and petroleum based products. Italy exports mainly steel products to Mexico. Today, Italy is Mexico's ninth biggest trading partner in the world (third in Europe after Germany and Spain). Mexico is Italy's second biggest trading partner in ] (after Brazil).<ref></ref> In 1997, Mexico signed a ] with the ] (which includes Italy). Trade between the two nations totaled just over six billion USD in 2011. Among the products that Mexico exports to Italy are: automobiles and petroleum based products. Italy exports mainly steel products to Mexico. Today, Italy is Mexico's ninth biggest trading partner in the world (third in Europe after Germany and Spain). Mexico is Italy's second biggest trading partner in ] (after Brazil).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/info-comercial |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022953/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/info-comercial |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Italy has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Italy has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it/Ambasciata_CittadelMessico/ |title=Ambasciata d'Italia – Citta del Messico |website=Ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108145552/http://www.ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Cittadelmessico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a consulate in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref name=Italy /> and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/milan/ |title=Consulate-General of Mexico in Milan |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707202915/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/milan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
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|{{flag|Republic of Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->4 October 2001|| |{{flag|Latvia}}||<!-- Start date -->November 27, 1991||See ]
* Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa |title=Embassy of Latvia in the United States |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027144341/https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Sweden>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Sweden |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005052349/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}||<!-- Start date -->July 1, 1994||


* Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
* Macedonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Macedonia from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Mexico is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Berne, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Switzerland>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suiza/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Switzerland |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144720/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suiza/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lithuania}}||<!-- Start date -->November 5, 1991||See ]
Lithuania and Mexico initially established diplomatic relations on May 31, 1938, and signed a Treaty of Friendship in Washington, D.C., United States. Mexico never recognized the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union and condemned the action. On November 5, 1991, Mexico recognized and re-established diplomatic relations with Lithuania. In 2002, President ] paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President ]. In 2008, President Adamkus returned to Mexico for a visit and met with Mexican President ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102217/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/letonia-y-lituania/lituania |date=April 23, 2018 }} (in Spanish)</ref>
* Lithuania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/ |title=Embassy of Lithuania in the United States |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204202347/https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Sweden />
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|{{flag|Moldova}}||<!--Date started-->14 January 1992|| |{{flag|Luxembourg}}||<!--Date started-->1947||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and Mexico were established in 1947. In 1980, Prime Minister ] paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, ] paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister ] paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/nl/relmex/luxemburgo |title=Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Luxembourg (in Spanish) |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410193305/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/nl/relmex/luxemburgo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/en-palacio-nacional-presidente-lopez-obrador-recibe-a-primer-ministro-de-luxemburgo-xavier-bettel |title=En Palacio Nacional, presidente López Obrador recibe a primer ministro de Luxemburgo, Xavier Bettel (in Spanish) |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410200310/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/en-palacio-nacional-presidente-lopez-obrador-recibe-a-primer-ministro-de-luxemburgo-xavier-bettel |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited in Moldova from its embassy in ], ]<ref></ref> and has an honorary consulate in ].
* Moldova is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Luxembourg is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://washington.mae.lu/en |title=Embassy of Luxembourg in the United States |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601191541/http://washington.mae.lu/en |archive-date=June 1, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Belgium />
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|{{flag|Malta}}||<!-- Start date -->October 29, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Italy />
* Malta is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta.
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|{{flag|Montenegro}}||<!-- Start date -->June 5, 2007||

* Mexico is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name=Serbia />
* Montenegro is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/sections/Missions/Embassies-and-consulates-of-Montenegro/Mexico |title=Montenegrin Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804135612/http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/sections/Missions/Embassies-and-consulates-of-Montenegro/Mexico |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Moldova}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||

* Mexico is accredited in Moldova from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Greece />
* Moldova is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sua.mfa.md/bilateral-relations-RM-Mexico/ |title=Embassy of the Republic of Moldova to the United States of America, Canada and Mexico |website=Sua.mfa.md |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226071904/http://www.sua.mfa.md/bilateral-relations-RM-Mexico/ |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Monaco}}||<!--Date started-->1881||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.<ref name=France />
* Monaco has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Monaco-Worldwide/Diplomacy-and-International-Presence/bilateral-relations/All-the-countries/Mexico |title=Representation of the Principality of Monaco in the United States of Mexico |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=June 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629020447/https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Monaco-Worldwide/Diplomacy-and-International-Presence/bilateral-relations/All-the-countries/Mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Netherlands}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ] |{{flag|Netherlands}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ]
]

On September 27, 1993, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced ''The Netherlands – Mexico Tax Treaty and Protocol''. The regulations detail the formalities residents of the Netherlands must observe "in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico: Netherlands And Mexican Regulations To The Netherlands – Mexico Treaty Announced |url=http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=2835 |quote=In a press release dated 14 March 1997, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced the Netherlands and Mexican regulations under the Netherlands – Mexico tax treaty and protocol, both of 27 September 1993. The Mexican regulations deal with the formalities to be observed by residents of the Netherlands in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties. |work=] |date=September 23, 1997 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716201359/http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=2835 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008 Mexico and the Netherlands modified their existing tax treaty, initially signed in 1993 to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico, Netherlands amend treaty to curb tax evasion |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/13/content_10498133.htm |quote=Mexico and the Netherlands modified a tax treaty signed in 1993 in a bid to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion, Mexican Treasury and Public Credit Ministry said on Friday. |agency=] |year=2008 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024115844/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/13/content_10498133.htm |archive-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico: New protocol to the Mexico/Netherlands tax treaty |url=http://www.internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10&PUBID=35&ISS=25283&SID=716808&TYPE=20 |quote=The Mexican ministry of finance and the Dutch ambassador to Mexico signed a new protocol to the Mexico- Netherlands tax treaty, which includes the following relevant modifications ... |work=] |year=2008 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213162031/http://internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10&PUBID=35&ISS=25283&SID=716808&TYPE=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paisesbajos/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504233011/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paisesbajos/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.nlambassade.org |title=Nederlandse Ambassade in Mexico-Stad, Mexico |website=Mexico.nlambassade.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003095516/http://mexico.nlambassade.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->October 4, 2001||


* Mexico is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Serbia />
On September 27, 1993 the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced ''The Netherlands – Mexico Tax Treaty and Protocol''. The regulations detail the formalities residents of the Netherlands must observe "in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties."<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Mexico: Netherlands And Mexican Regulations To The Netherlands – Mexico Treaty Announced |url=http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=2835 |quote=In a press release dated 14 March 1997, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced the Netherlands and Mexican regulations under the Netherlands – Mexico tax treaty and protocol, both of 27 September 1993. The Mexican regulations deal with the formalities to be observed by residents of the Netherlands in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties. |work=] |date=September 23, 1997 |accessdate=2009-06-06 }}</ref> In 2008 Mexico and the Netherlands modified their existing tax treaty, initially signed in 1993 to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Mexico, Netherlands amend treaty to curb tax evasion |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/13/content_10498133.htm |quote=Mexico and the Netherlands modified a tax treaty signed in 1993 in a bid to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion, Mexican Treasury and Public Credit Ministry said on Friday. |work=] |year=2008 |accessdate=2009-06-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Mexico: New protocol to the Mexico/Netherlands tax treaty |url=http://www.internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10&PUBID=35&ISS=25283&SID=716808&TYPE=20 |quote=The Mexican ministry of finance and the Dutch ambassador to Mexico signed a new protocol to the Mexico- Netherlands tax treaty, which includes the following relevant modifications ... |work=] |year=2008 |accessdate=2009-06-06 }}</ref>
* North Macedonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/washington/index.php/en/ |title=Embassy of Macedonia in Washington, D.C. |access-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195032/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/washington/index.php/en/ |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1906||See ] |{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1906||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas/noruega |title=Dir-emb-Embajada de México en Noruega |access-date=October 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908192414/http://www.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas/noruega |archive-date=September 8, 2014}}</ref>
* Norway has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Norway has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noruega.org.mx |title=el portal oficial en México |website=Noruega.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022041328/http://www.noruega.org.mx/ |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->26 February 1928||See ] |{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->February 26, 1928||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/polonia/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020023559/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/polonia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Poland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/mexico/embajada |title=Embajada de la República de Polonia en México |language=es |website=Meksyk.msz.gov.pl |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020205026/https://www.gov.pl/web/mexico/embajada |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Poland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>
* See also ] * See also ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->20 October 1864||See ] |{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->October 20, 1864||See ]
]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/portugal |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203247/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/portugal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Portugal has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Portugal has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embpomex.wordpress.com/ |title=Embaixada de Portugal – México &#124; Site da Embaixada de Portugal na Cidade do México |website=Embpomex.wordpress.com |date=September 22, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503042449/https://embpomex.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania }}||<!--Date started-->20 July 1935||See ] |{{flag|Romania}}||<!--Date started-->July 20, 1935||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/|title=Embajada de México en Rumania|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-date=July 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708115318/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Romania has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Romania has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.mae.ro/ |title=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Statele Unite Mexicane |website=Mexico.mae.ro |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421224740/http://mexico.mae.ro/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->1890||See ] |{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->1890||See ]
] and Ernesto Zedillo, at the Millennium Summit, 2000.]]


Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1890. In 2010 the 120th anniversary of the ties of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mexico were celebrated. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1890. In 2010 the 120th anniversary of the ties of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mexico were celebrated.


Mexico was the first country in the Americas to establish relations with the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet politician and leader ] moved to Mexico from ] during his exile. Mexican President ] welcomed him warmly, arranging a special train to bring him to Mexico City from the port of ]. In Mexico, Trotsky at one point lived at the home of the painter ], and at another at that of Rivera's wife & fellow painter, ] with whom he had an affair.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herrera |first=Hayden |authorlink= |title=A Biography of Frida Kahlo |year=1983 |publisher=] |quote= | url= |isbn=978-0-06-008589-6 }}</ref> Mexico was the first country in the Americas to establish relations with the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet politician and leader ] moved to Mexico from ] during his exile. Mexican President ] welcomed him warmly, arranging a special train to bring him to Mexico City from the port of ]. In Mexico, Trotsky at one point lived at the home of the painter ], and at another at that of Rivera's wife & fellow painter, ] with whom he had an affair.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herrera |first=Hayden |title=A Biography of Frida Kahlo |year=1983 |publisher=] |url=https://archive.org/details/fridabiographyof00herr|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-06-008589-6}}</ref>


Due to its good relations with Russia, Mexico has often purchased military equipment from Russia. The ] has received ]'s ], ], and anti-aircraft missiles ]. Much of this equipment remains in service. Due to its good relations with Russia, Mexico has often purchased military equipment from Russia. The ] has received ]'s ], ], and anti-aircraft missiles ]. Much of this equipment remains in service.
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name="autogenerated5" />
* Russia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Russia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embrumex.org |title=Inicio &#124; Portal oficial de la Embajada de la Federacion de Rusia en Estados Unidos Mexicanos |language=es |website=Embrumex.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022220856/http://www.embrumex.org/ |archive-date=October 22, 2016}}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|San Marino}}||<!-- Start date -->March 8, 1968||

* Mexico is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in the ].<ref name=Italy />
* San Marino is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in San Marino.
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1946||See ] |{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1946||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Serbia />
* Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/index.php |title=Embassy of Serbia in Mexico City |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113558/http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See ] |{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See ]


Mexico was the first ] country to recognize Slovenia after gaining independence on May 22, 1992. Mexican parliament members have praised Slovenia's participation in the eight-country initiative (which includes Mexico) for a world without ] and its achievements in the human rights area. Since 1999 both countries have abolished visas as an example of strengthening relations. Mexico was the first ] country to recognize Slovenia after gaining independence on May 22, 1992. Mexican parliament members have praised Slovenia's participation in the eight-country initiative (which includes Mexico) for a world without ] and its achievements in the human rights area. Since 1999 both countries have abolished visas as an example of strengthening relations.
* Mexico is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in ], ].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> * Mexico is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.<ref name=Austria />
* Slovenia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in ], ].<ref></ref> * Slovenia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washington.embassy.si/ |title=Embassy of Slovenia in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006130144/http://www.washington.embassy.si/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||<!--Date started-->January 1, 1993||See ]
In November 2017, Slovak President ] paid an official visit to Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/articulos/visita-de-estado-del-presidente-de-la-republica-eslovaca-andrej-kiska-135620?idiom=es |title=Visita de Estado del Presidente de la República Eslovaca, Andrej Kiska (in Spanish) |access-date=November 22, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044223/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/articulos/visita-de-estado-del-presidente-de-la-republica-eslovaca-andrej-kiska-135620?idiom=es |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Mexico is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=Austria />
* Slovakia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico-en |title=Embassy of Slovakia in Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113230/https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico-en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->26 December 1836||See ] |{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->December 26, 1836||See ]
] and Spanish Prime Minister ] in Mexico City; January 2019.]]


After the ] was successfully archived in 1521, Mexico became part of the ] as the ], which lasted until 1821 when the ] officially recognized the ] by signing the ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 529-530.</ref> ] never gave his approval to the treaty signed by ], until he died in 1833, serious negotiations started to formalize the independence, the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" was signed on December 28, 1836.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 540-544.</ref> After the ] was successfully archived in 1521, Mexico became part of the ] as the ], which lasted until 1821 when the ] officially recognized the ] by signing the ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 529-530.</ref> ] never gave his approval to the treaty signed by ], until he died in 1833, serious negotiations started to formalize the independence, the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" was signed on December 28, 1836.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 540–544.</ref>


The first decades of Mexico's post-independence period were characterized by ]. On July 17, 1861, then-President ]'s suspension of interest payments to foreign countries angered Mexico's major creditors: Spain, ] and ].<ref name="VF 105"/> ] was the leader of this operation, and the three powers signed the ] on October 31 to unite their efforts to receive payments from Mexico. On December 8 the Spanish fleet and troops from ] arrived at Mexico's main Gulf port, ]. Spain along Great Britain soon withdrew after the signing of the "Treaty of La Soledad", France did not agree with the terms and ].<ref name="VF 105"/> The first decades of Mexico's post-independence period were characterized by ]. On July 17, 1861, then-President ]'s suspension of interest payments to foreign countries angered Mexico's major creditors: Spain, ] and ].<ref name="VF 105" /> ] was the leader of this operation, and the three powers signed the ] on October 31 to unite their efforts to receive payments from Mexico. On December 8 the Spanish fleet and troops from ] arrived at Mexico's main Gulf port, ]. Spain along Great Britain soon withdrew after the signing of the "Treaty of La Soledad", France did not agree with the terms and ].<ref name="VF 105" />


During the ], Mexico remained neutral to avoid conflicts with the United States and Spain, despite previously having negotiated the eventual annexation of ] with Washington.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 119.</ref> In 1936, the ] declared, in the ], that "Spain was a victim of foreign aggression and had the right of moral and diplomatic support from the ]".<ref name="VF 137"/> The government decided to openly support the ] during the ].<ref name="VF 137">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 137.</ref> Once the war finished in 1939, Mexico received nearly 30,000 ]s and immediately broke off diplomatic relations with the "]" ] ].<ref name="VF 137"/> During the ], Mexico remained neutral to avoid conflicts with the United States and Spain, despite previously having negotiated the eventual annexation of ] with Washington.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 119.</ref> In 1936, the ] declared, in the ], that "Spain was a victim of foreign aggression and had the right of moral and diplomatic support from the ]".<ref name="VF 137" /> The government decided to openly support the ] during the ].<ref name="VF 137">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 137.</ref> Once the war finished in 1939, Mexico received nearly 30,000 ]s and immediately broke off diplomatic relations with the "]" ] ].<ref name="VF 137" />


], since their reestablishment on March 28, 1977, have been strengthened within a modern, legal and institutional framework to promote politic dialogue and ]. In January 1990, the "General Treaty of Cooperation and Friendship" was signed to establish a Bilateral Commission.<ref name="Embassy in Spain"/> In 2007, President ] and ] ] paid ]s reciprocally<ref name="Embassy in Spain">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral Relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/espana/ | accessdate=April 13, 2009 }}</ref> and signed a declaration to deepen the strategic association between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| title=Declaration to Deepen the Strategic Association between the United Mexican States and the Kingdom of Spain | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain | date=July 16, 2007 | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/declaracion.pdf | accessdate=April 13, 2009}}</ref> After the ]-Mexico ] went into force in July 2000, Spain became Mexico's seventh trading partner and second amongst the ].<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| title=Bilateral Economic Relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/relecomxesp.pdf | accessdate=April 13, 2009}}</ref> Since their re-establishment on March 28, 1977, have been strengthened within a modern, legal and institutional framework to promote politic dialogue and ]. In January 1990, the "General Treaty of Cooperation and Friendship" was signed to establish a Bilateral Commission.<ref name="Embassy in Spain" /> In 2007, President ] and ] ] paid ]s reciprocally<ref name="Embassy in Spain">{{cite web |language=es |author=Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Bilateral Relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/espana/ |access-date=April 13, 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and signed a declaration to deepen the strategic association between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |language=es |title=Declaration to Deepen the Strategic Association between the United Mexican States and the Kingdom of Spain |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |date=July 16, 2007 |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/declaracion.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131630/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/declaracion.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref> After the ]-Mexico ] went into force in July 2000, Spain became Mexico's seventh trading partner and second amongst the ].<ref>{{cite web |language=es |title=Bilateral Economic Relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/relecomxesp.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131630/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/relecomxesp.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a consulate-general in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref name=Spain /> and a consulate-general in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/barcelona/ |title=Consulate of Mexico in Barcelona |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190712/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/barcelona/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Spain has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and consulates-general in ]<ref></ref> and ].<ref></ref> * Spain has an embassy in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maec.es/Subwebs/Embajadas/mexico/es/home/Paginas/home_mexico.aspx |title=Embajada de EspaƱa en Mexico |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012109/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/Embajadas/Mexico/es/home/Paginas/home_mexico.aspx |archive-date=April 12, 2013}}</ref> and consulates-general in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Guadalajara/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |title=Páginas – Consulado de España en Guadalajara |website=Exteriores.gob.es |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718092332/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Guadalajara/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Monterrey/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |title=Páginas – Consulado de España en Monterrey |website=Exteriores.gob.es |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706021452/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Monterrey/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''See also'': ] * ''See also'': ]
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->29 July 1885||See ] |{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->July 29, 1885||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Sweden />
* Sweden has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Sweden has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/es-ES/Embassies/Mexico-City/ |title=Embassy of Sweden in Mexico |access-date=November 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223091820/http://www.swedenabroad.com/es-ES/Embassies/Mexico-City/ |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ] |{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Switzerland />
* Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/mexico/es/home/representaciones/embajada.html |title=Embassy of Switzerland in Mexico City |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125090630/https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/mexico/es/home/representaciones/embajada.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||<!--Date started-->12 January 1992||See ] |{{flag|Ukraine}}||<!--Date started-->January 12, 1992||See ]


* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ucrania/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |date=April 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516102242/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ucrania/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ukraine has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Ukraine has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.mfa.gov.ua/es |title=Embajada de Ucrania en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos |website=Mexico.mfa.gov.ua |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706183634/http://mexico.mfa.gov.ua/es |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||<!--Date started-->27 June 1824||See ] |{{flag|United Kingdom}}||September 26, 1826||See ]
Mexico established ] on 26 September 1826.<ref name="britain"/>


Both countries share common membership of ], the ], the ], ], and the ]. Bilaterally the two countries have a proposed ],<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=William|title=Britain and Mexico agree deal on post-Brexit trade|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M|website=Reuters|date=15 December 2020|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823122202/https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M/|archive-date=23 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-|title=Mexico - United Kingdom BIT (2006)|website=UN Trade and Development|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811044653/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-|archive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
Due to rivalry with ] and ], then-Prime Minister ] was interested in recognizing the independence of the newborn nations in the Americas. On June 27, 1824, Canning received Mexican plenipotentiary minister ] and recognized Mexico as an independent country ''de facto'', and ] on December 30, despite opposition from the British cabinet.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 85.</ref> ] was the first country to officially recognize the independence of Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| title=Inglaterra: primer país que reconoce la Independencia de México | publisher=Memoria Politica de Mexico | url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html| accessdate=September 26, 2011}}</ref>


Due to rivalry with ] and ], then-Prime Minister ] was interested in recognizing the independence of the newborn nations in the Americas. On June 27, 1824, Canning received Mexican plenipotentiary minister ] and recognized Mexico as an independent country ''de facto'', and ] on December 30, despite opposition from the British cabinet.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 85.</ref> ] was the first country to officially recognize the independence of Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|language=es|title=Inglaterra: primer país que reconoce la Independencia de México|publisher=Memoria Politica de Mexico|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html|access-date=September 26, 2011|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001131117/http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In subsequent decades, the United Kingdom would persuade other European countries to recognize Mexico, especially Spain, and offer ] in different international conflicts that involved Mexico in the 19th century such as the ]<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96"/> and the ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 575.</ref> By 1861, Mexico was a country deeply in debt and torn by divisions of the power of the Roman Catholic Church. Mexico's creditors demanded repayment, forcing then-President ] to declare a two-year ] on ], which in turn led to a punitive expedition sent by Britain, ] and Spain. Juarez successfully negotiated the "Treaty of La Soledad" with the British and Spanish, who soon withdrew.<ref name="VF 105"/> After the ] ratified a commercial agreement with the U.S. in 1883, Great Britain showed more interest in reestablish diplomatic relations with Mexico, and quickly did so a couple of years later.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 118.</ref> Sovereignty over the territory of ] was historically claimed by Mexico, but the ] refused to discuss this issue for a long time; however, in 1897, the signing of the "Mariscal-Spencer Treaty" resolved the territorial disputes with the ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 114.</ref>


In subsequent decades, the United Kingdom would persuade other European countries to recognize Mexico, especially Spain, and offer ] in different international conflicts that involved Mexico in the 19th century such as the ]<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96" /> and the ].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 575.</ref> By 1861, Mexico was a country deeply in debt and torn by divisions of the power of the Roman Catholic Church. Mexico's creditors demanded repayment, forcing then-President ] to declare a two-year ] on ], which in turn led to a punitive expedition sent by Britain, ] and Spain. Juarez successfully negotiated the "Treaty of La Soledad" with the British and Spanish, who soon withdrew.<ref name="VF 105" /> After the ] ratified a commercial agreement with the U.S. in 1883, Great Britain showed more interest in reestablish diplomatic relations with Mexico, and quickly did so a couple of years later.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 118.</ref> Sovereignty over the territory of ] was historically claimed by Mexico, but the ] refused to discuss this issue for a long time; however, in 1897, the signing of the "Mariscal-Spencer Treaty" resolved the territorial disputes with the ].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 114.</ref>
In 1917, ] provided, among other things, restrictions on foreign ownership of land and ] resources, notably oil.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 817.</ref> This last provision, included in Article 27, was ominous for American and British investors who had obtained oil-mining concessions.<ref name="Oil YT"/> Due to heavy foreign pressure, subsequent governments did not strictly applicate the article, until ], who on March 18, 1938, fully ] the oil-industry. This measure led to protests by the British government questioning the nationalization and Mexico's solvency to execute it. In response, a check, in an amount worth of the demands for nationalization, was sent and diplomatic ties were broken off.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 135-136.</ref> ] replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, and an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.<ref name="Oil YT">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=History Channel | title=Historia del Petróleo | publisher=YouTube | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref>


In 1917, ] provided, among other things, restrictions on foreign ownership of land and ] resources, notably oil.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 817.</ref> This last provision, included in Article 27, was ominous for American and British investors who had obtained oil-mining concessions.<ref name="Oil YT" /> Due to heavy foreign pressure, subsequent governments did not strictly applicate the article, until ], who on March 18, 1938, fully ] the oil-industry. This measure led to protests by the British government questioning the nationalization and Mexico's solvency to execute it. In response, a check, in an amount worth of the demands for nationalization, was sent and diplomatic ties were broken off.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 135-136.</ref> ] replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, and an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.<ref name="Oil YT">{{cite web |language=es |author=History Channel |title=Historia del Petróleo |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129101942/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk |url-status=live }}</ref>
Decades later, several state visits would be reciprocally paid, notably Queen ] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web | title=Outward State visits since 195 | publisher=The official website of the British Monarchy | url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/OutwardStatevisitssince1952.aspx | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref> On March 31 – April 1, 2009, President ] officially visited the UK to discuss issues related to modernization of the national oil industry, ] and strategic cooperation with Prime Minister ], as well as coordinating actions for the ].<ref>{{cite web | title=PM and President Calderon press conference | date=March 31, 2009 | url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page18870 | accessdate=April 16, 2009}}</ref>

* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
Decades later, several state visits would be reciprocally paid, notably Queen ] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |title=Outward State visits since 195 |publisher=The official website of the British Monarchy |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/OutwardStatevisitssince1952.aspx |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406123528/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/OutwardStatevisitssince1952.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 31 – April 1, 2009, President ] officially visited the UK to discuss issues related to modernization of the national oil industry, ] and strategic cooperation with Prime Minister ], as well as coordinating actions for the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=PM and President Calderon press conference |date=March 31, 2009 |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page18870 |access-date=April 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407044809/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page18870 |archive-date=April 7, 2009}}</ref>
* United Kingdom has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref>

*''See also'': ] and ]
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
* United Kingdom has an embassy in Mexico City, a consulate-general in ] and a consulate in ].<ref></ref>
* ''See also'': ] and ]
|} |}


===Oceania=== === Oceania ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|- |-
Line 648: Line 1,945:
!Notes !Notes
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||<!--Date started-->14 March 1966||See ] |{{flag|Australia}}||<!--Date started-->March 14, 1966||See ]


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Australia began on 14 March 1966. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Australia began on March 14, 1966.
* Australia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * Australia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mexico.embassy.gov.au/ |title=Embassy of Australia in Mexico |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706202321/https://mexico.embassy.gov.au/ |archive-date=July 6, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in ]<ref></ref> and a trade office in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=Australia>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/australia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Australia |access-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802070200/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/australia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of ], ] and the ]. * Both countries are full members of ], ] and the ].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Fiji}}||<!--Date started-->August 31, 1975||See ]

* Fiji is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fijiembassydc.com/ |title=Embassy of Fiji in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820232824/http://www.fijiembassydc.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Fiji from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=Australia />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kiribati}}||<!--Date started-->October 13, 2005||

* Kiribati does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<ref name=Malaysia /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen25.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Malaysia, Kiribati and Nauru (in Spanish) |access-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112212612/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen25.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}||<!--Date started-->January 28, 1993||

* Marshall Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico
* Mexico is accredited to the Marshall Islands from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.<ref name=Philippines /><ref>{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Micronesia}}||<!--Date started-->September 27, 2001||

* Mexico is accredited to the Federated States of Micronesia from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.<ref name=Philippines />
* Micronesia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nauru}}||<!--Date started-->September 21, 2001||

* Mexico is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<ref name=Malaysia />
* Nauru does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top" |- valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||<!--Date started-->1973||See ] |{{flag|New Zealand}}||<!--Date started-->1973||See ]
] on an official visit to Mexico alongside Mexican President ]; 2013.]]


Diplomatic relations between Mexico and New Zealand began in 1973. Diplomatic relations between Mexico and New Zealand began in 1973.
* Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref></ref> * Mexico has an embassy in ].<ref name=NZ>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nuevazelandia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in New Zealand |access-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-date=November 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123034536/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/nuevazelandia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* New Zealand has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref></ref> * New Zealand has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/latin-america/mexico/embajada-de-nueva-zelandia |title=Embassy of New Zealand in Mexico |access-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811142621/https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/latin-america/mexico/embajada-de-nueva-zelandia |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Both countries are members of ] and the ]. * Both countries are members of ] and the ].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palau}}||<!--Date started-->October 17, 2001||

* Mexico is accredited to Palau from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.<ref name=Philippines />
* Palau does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}||<!--Date started-->May 19, 1976||See ]

* Mexico is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=Australia /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen23.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and the Pacific: Papua New Guinea (in Spanish) |access-date=July 16, 2017 |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109183936/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen23.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Papua New Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pngembassy.org/ |title=Embassy of Papua New Guinea in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=November 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126174805/http://www.pngembassy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Samoa}}||<!--Date started-->October 21, 2008||

* Mexico is accredited to Samoa from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand and maintains an honorary consulate in ].<ref name=NZ />
* Samoa does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}||<!--Date started-->September 26, 2008||

* Mexico is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=Australia />
* Solomon Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tonga}}||<!--Date started-->September 26, 2008||

* Mexico is accredited to Tonga from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name=NZ />
* Tonga is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.int/tonga/ |title=Permanent Mission of Tonga to the United Nations |access-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811195323/https://www.un.int/tonga/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}||<!--Date started-->September 27, 2006||

* Mexico is accredited to Tuvalu from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name=NZ />
* Tuvalu does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}||<!--Date started-->October 30, 1986||

* Mexico is accredited to Vanuatu from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=Australia />
* Vanuatu does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
|} |}


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===United Nations=== ===United Nations===
{{Main|Mexico and the United Nations}} {{Main|Mexico and the United Nations}}
Mexico is the tenth largest contributor to the United Nations (UN) regular budgets.<ref name="unbudget">{{cite web | author=United Nations | title=Regular Budget Payments of Largest Payers | year=2008 | publisher=Global Policy | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/finance/tables/reg-budget/large08.htm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> Currently, it is a member of eighteen organizations arisen from the ], ] and other specialized organizations of the UN.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 230.</ref> Mexico is the tenth largest contributor to the United Nations (UN) regular budgets.<ref name="unbudget">{{cite web | author=United Nations | title=Regular Budget Payments of Largest Payers | year=2008 | publisher=Global Policy | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/finance/tables/reg-budget/large08.htm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=January 14, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114114755/https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/133/27475.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Currently, it is a member of eighteen organizations arisen from the ], ] and other specialized organizations of the UN.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005), p. 230.</ref>
].]] ].]]
Mexico has served as a non-permanent member of the ] (UNSC) three times (1946, 1982–83, 2002–03). On October 17, 2008, picking up 185 votes, it was elected to serve as a non-permanent member for the fourth time, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | author=UN | title=Five non-permanent members of Security Council elected today | date=October 17, 2008 | publisher=United Nations | url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28606&Cr=Security+Council&Cr1 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> Since April 1, Mexico holds the rotative presidency of the UNSC.<ref>{{cite web | author= Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=México Preside el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU | date=April 1, 2009 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/csocial/contenido/comunicados/2009/abr/cp_069.html | accessdate=April 4, 2009|language=es}}</ref> Mexico has served as a non-permanent member of the ] (UNSC) three times (1946, 1982–83, 2002–03). On October 17, 2008, picking up 185 votes, it was elected to serve as a non-permanent member for the fourth time, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | author=UN | title=Five non-permanent members of Security Council elected today | date=October 17, 2008 | publisher=United Nations | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28606&Cr=Security+Council&Cr1 | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=October 10, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010023915/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28606&Cr=Security+Council&Cr1 | url-status=live }}</ref> Since April 1, Mexico holds the rotative presidency of the UNSC.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=México Preside el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU | date=April 1, 2009 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/csocial/contenido/comunicados/2009/abr/cp_069.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=May 22, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522023237/http://www.sre.gob.mx/csocial/contenido/comunicados/2009/abr/cp_069.html | url-status=live }}</ref>


In recent years, the need of ] has been widely impulsed by Mexico,<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215"/> with the support of Canada, Italy, Pakistan and other nine countries.<ref name="coffeeclub">{{cite news | author=Maggie Farley | title=Mexico, Canada Introduce Third Plan to Expand Security Council | date=July 22, 2005 | publisher=] | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jul/22/world/fg-unreform22 | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> And have formed a movement informally called the ], created in the 1990s, which highly opposes to the reform that the ] (G4) suggests.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ayca Ariyoruk | title=Players and Proposals in the Security Council Debate | date=June 3, 2005 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm | accessdate=April 4, 2009}}</ref> In recent years, the need of ] has been widely impulsed by Mexico,<ref name="Foreign Affairs 2005 p. 215"/> with the support of Canada, Italy, Pakistan and other nine countries.<ref name="coffeeclub">{{cite news | author=Maggie Farley | title=Mexico, Canada Introduce Third Plan to Expand Security Council | date=July 22, 2005 | newspaper=] | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-22-fg-unreform22-story.html | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=June 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607004607/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jul/22/world/fg-unreform22 | url-status=live }}</ref> And have formed a movement informally called the ], created in the 1990s, which highly opposes to the reform that the ] (G4) suggests.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ayca Ariyoruk | title=Players and Proposals in the Security Council Debate | date=June 3, 2005 | publisher=SRE | url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm | access-date=April 4, 2009 | archive-date=May 19, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519045233/http://www.globalpolicy.org//security//reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>


In line with the ] of new openness in Mexico's foreign policy, established in the early first decade of the 21st century,<ref name="politicalaffairs"/> some political parties have proposed an amendment of the ] in order to allow the ], ] or ] to collaborate with the UN in ].<ref name="neutral"/> In line with the ] of new openness in Mexico's foreign policy, established in the early first decade of the 21st century,<ref name="politicalaffairs"/> some political parties have proposed an amendment of the ] in order to allow the ], ] or ] to collaborate with the UN in ].<ref name="neutral"/>


===]=== ===Organization of American States===
] (OAS) in Washington, D.C..]] ] (OAS) in Washington, D.C..]]
As a founding member of the ] (OAS),<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 145"/> Mexico has actively participated in the ]. Since the creation of the OAS, Mexico always promoted to include more principals related to ] and less military aspects,<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 150.</ref> its position was based on the principles of ] and the ].<ref name="VF 169">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 169.</ref> In addition, Mexico favored the membership of Canada in 1989 and ] and ] in 1991.<ref name="VF 169"/> As a founding member of the ] (OAS),<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 145"/> Mexico has actively participated in the ]. Since the creation of the OAS, Mexico always promoted to include more principals related to ] and less military aspects,<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 150.</ref> its position was based on the principles of ] and the ].<ref name="VF 169">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 169.</ref> In addition, Mexico favored the membership of Canada in 1989 and ] and ] in 1991.<ref name="VF 169"/>


In 1964, under U.S. pressure, the OAS required all member countries to break off diplomatic ties with ]. Mexico refused, condemned the ], and did not support the expulsion of Cuba from the OAS.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 149.</ref> Years later, Mexico strongly opposed to the creation of a military alliance within the OAS framework, and condemned the ] in 1989.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 170.</ref> In 1964, under U.S. pressure, the OAS required all member countries to break off diplomatic ties with ]. Mexico refused, condemned the ], and did not support the expulsion of Cuba from the OAS.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 149.</ref> Years later, Mexico strongly opposed to the creation of a military alliance within the OAS framework, and condemned the ] in 1989.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 170.</ref>
{{Main|Organization of American States Secretary General election, 2005}} {{Main|2005 Organization of American States Secretary General election}}
Under the ], the candidacy of then-] ] for the ] was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with ] and harsh critics from the Mexican ] when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against ] but the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007 p. 289-301"/> Under the ], the candidacy of then-] ] for the ] was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with ] and harsh critics from the Mexican ] when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against ] but the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007 p. 289-301"/>


===Mega-Diverse Countries=== ===Mega-Diverse Countries===
].]] ].]]
The '''megadiverse countries''' are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the Earth's species and are therefore considered extremely ] and therefore are of utmost priority on the global environmental agenda. ] identified 17 megadiverse countries <ref name="AUSGOP"></ref> in 1998,<ref> The '''megadiverse countries''' are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the Earth's species and are considered extremely ] and therefore are of utmost priority on the global environmental agenda. ] identified 17 megadiverse countries<ref name="AUSGOP">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |title=Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report): The meaning, significance and implications of biodiversity (Megadiverse countries) |access-date=February 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208141905/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |archive-date=December 8, 2008}}</ref> in 1998,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservation.org/documentaries/Pages/megadiversity.aspx |title=Video Gallery - Conservation International |website=Conservation.org |date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724192509/http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/areas/26 |title=Megadiverse Countries definition |website=Biodiversity A-Z |date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903011526/http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/areas/26 |url-status=live }}</ref> most are located in or have territories in the tropics.
</ref><ref></ref> most are located in or have territories in the tropics.


In 2002, ] formed a separate organization named Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge.<ref name="llmc"></ref> This organization includes a different set of involved megadiverse countries than those identified by Conservation International. In 2002, ] formed a separate organization named Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge.<ref name="llmc">{{cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=:: Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries :: |access-date=August 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214111023/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |archive-date=February 14, 2010}}</ref> This organization includes a different set of involved megadiverse countries than those identified by Conservation International.


===Participation in international organizations=== ===Participation in international organizations===
* '''Regional Organizations:''' ; Regional Organizations:
{{col-begin}} {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
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* ] ] {{small|(Observer)}} * ] ] {{small|(Observer)}}
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] ] {{small|(Observer)}} * ] ] {{small|(Observer)}}
* ] * ]
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* ] ] {{small|(Observer)}} * ] ] {{small|(Observer)}}
* ] * ]
{{col-end}} {{div col end}}


* '''International and Multilateral Organizations:''' ; International and Multilateral Organizations:
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
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* ] ] * ] ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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{{col-end}} {{div col end}}


==Free trade agreements== ==Free trade agreements==
], in Veracruz, 2014.]]
Mexico holds more ] than any other country in the world.<ref>{{cite web | author=Díaz, Miguel | title=Mexico: Loving Free Trade Ever Since NAFTA | date=March 2002 | publisher=Business Facilities | url=http://www.businessfacilities.com/bf_02_03_nafta.asp | accessdate=April 5, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Ordered by date, the free trade agreements Mexico has entered into are:<ref name="Mexico FTA">{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Aduanas México | title=Tratados de Libre Comercio | publisher=Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT) | url=http://www.aduanas.sat.gob.mx/aduana_mexico/2007/Descargas/Guia_Importacion/GI07_06.pdf | accessdate=April 9, 2009}}</ref>

Mexico has negotiated upwards of 60 free trade agreements with various countries.<ref>Putre, L., {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319022339/http://www.industryweek.com/competitiveness/ups-and-downs-made-usa |date=March 19, 2017 }}, ''Industry Week'', January 30, 2017, accessed March 18, 2017</ref> Ordered by date, these include:<ref name="Mexico FTA">{{cite web | language=es | author=Aduanas México | title=Tratados de Libre Comercio | publisher=Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT) | url=http://www.aduanas.sat.gob.mx/aduana_mexico/2007/Descargas/Guia_Importacion/GI07_06.pdf | access-date=April 9, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407074924/http://www.aduanas.sat.gob.mx/aduana_mexico/2007/Descargas/Guia_Importacion/GI07_06.pdf | archive-date=April 7, 2009}}</ref>
] ]

* 1994: ] (Canada and the United States).
===Entered as a single nation===
* 1995: ] with ] and ] (Venezuela withdrew in 2006).<ref name="fas.org">https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40784.pdf</ref>
* 1995: Free Trade Agreement with ] (terminated in 2010).<ref name="fas.org"/> * 1994: ]. Replaced by the ] (2018).
* 1995: ] (renamed to Mexico-Colombia Free Trade Agreement in 2010).<ref name="fas.org">{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40784.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623092721/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40784.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2011}}</ref>
* 1995: Free Trade Agreement with ] (terminated in 2010).<sup>1</sup>
* 1995: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 1995: Free Trade Agreement with ].
* 1998: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 1998: Free Trade Agreement with ].
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* 2000: ]. * 2000: ].
* 2000: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 2000: Free Trade Agreement with ].
* 2001: Free Trade Agreement with the Northern Triangle (], ] and ]). * 2001: Free Trade Agreement with the ].
* 2001: Free Trade Agreement with the ] (], ], ] and ]). * 2001: Free Trade Agreement with the ].
* 2004: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 2004: Free Trade Agreement with ].
* 2005: Agreement for the Strengthening of the Economic Partnership with ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730070746/https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/agreement/agreement.pdf |date=July 30, 2018 }}, September 17, 2014</ref>
* 2005: Agreement for the Strengthening of the Economic Partnership with ].
* 2011: Unifying Free Trade Agreement with ] (participating Central American nations include Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras).<ref>http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CACM_MEX/CACM_MEX_s.asp</ref> * 2011: Unifying Free Trade Agreement with ] (unified existing treaties with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Northern Triangle countries).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CACM_MEX/CACM_MEX_s.asp |title=SICE: Novedades en materia de política comercial: Centroamérica - México |website=Sice.oas.org |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915002358/http://sice.oas.org/TPD/CACM_MEX/CACM_MEX_s.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2012: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 2012: Free Trade Agreement with ].
* 2014: ].
* 2014: Free Trade Agreement with ]. * 2014: Free Trade Agreement with ].
* 2018: ] (replaced cancelled ] agreement from 2016).
* 2020: Trade Continuity Agreement with the ].<sup>2</sup>
<small>1:The Bolivian government denounced the Mexico-Bolivia Free Trade Agreement's provisions on investments, services, intellectual property, and government purchases as incompatible with its 2009 constitution on June 7, 2010. In order to maintain free movement of goods between Mexico and Bolivia, the governments of the two countries agreed to replace the free trade agreement with an Economic Complementation Agreement effective on the same date.<ref name="fas.org"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Secretaría de Economía - MÉXICO Y BOLIVIA MANTIENEN LIBRE COMERCIO DE MERCANCÍAS GRACIAS A NUEVO ACUERDO DE COMPLEMENTACIÓN|url=http://www.2006-2012.economia.gob.mx/eventos-noticias/sala-de-prensa/comunicados/6372-mexico-y-bolivia-mantienen-libre-comercio-de-mercancias-gracias-a-nuevo-acuerdo-de-complementacion|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=www.2006-2012.economia.gob.mx|archive-date=July 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716142001/http://2006-2012.economia.gob.mx/eventos-noticias/sala-de-prensa/comunicados/6372-mexico-y-bolivia-mantienen-libre-comercio-de-mercancias-gracias-a-nuevo-acuerdo-de-complementacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SICE: Novedades en materia de política comercial: Bolivia - México|url=http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/BOL_MEX/BOL_MEX_s.ASP|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=www.sice.oas.org|archive-date=November 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130094925/http://sice.oas.org/TPD/BOL_MEX/BOL_MEX_s.ASP|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
2: The United Kingdom ] on January 31, 2020. Under the terms of the ], trade relations between Mexico and the UK continued to be bound by the terms of the Mexico-EU trade agreement for the duration of the UK's withdrawal transition period. On December 15, 2020, in preparation for the UK's final EU withdrawal on December 31, the UK and Mexico signed a temporary Trade Continuity Agreement in order to maintain free trade between the two countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/economia/2020/01/30/pese-al-2018brexit2019-reino-unido-mantendra-comercio-con-mexico-se-8536.html|title=Pese al 'Brexit', Gran Bretaña mantendrá comercio con México: SE - Economía - la Jornada|date=January 30, 2020|access-date=November 24, 2020|archive-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131145837/https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/economia/2020/01/30/pese-al-2018brexit2019-reino-unido-mantendra-comercio-con-mexico-se-8536.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Brexit: Mexico and the United Kingdom Sign Trade Continuity Agreement|url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/brexit-mexico-and-united-kingdom-sign-trade-continuity-agreement|access-date=December 4, 2021|website=The National Law Review|language=en|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117191750/https://www.natlawreview.com/article/brexit-mexico-and-united-kingdom-sign-trade-continuity-agreement|url-status=live}}</ref> Negotiations between Mexico and the UK for a new free trade agreement to replace the existing continuity agreement began in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/reinounido/index.php/en/view-more/1874-mexico-and-the-united-kingdom-will-hold-the-first-round-of-negotiations-for-a-free-trade-agreement-between-the-two-countries | title=Mexico and the United Kingdom will hold the First Round of Negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement between the two countries | access-date=November 28, 2022 | archive-date=November 28, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128115754/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/reinounido/index.php/en/view-more/1874-mexico-and-the-united-kingdom-will-hold-the-first-round-of-negotiations-for-a-free-trade-agreement-between-the-two-countries | url-status=live }}</ref>
</small>

===Entered as part of a trade bloc===
* 2022: Pacific Alliance-] Free Trade Agreement (2022).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/media-centre/news/2022/april/pacific-alliance-fta-is-finally-signed-and-delivered--here-is-why-it-matters#:~:text=The%20signing%20of%20the%20Pacific,%2C%20Colombia%2C%20Mexico%20and%20Peru | title=Pacific Alliance FTA is finally signed and delivered; here is why it matters | access-date=September 7, 2022 | archive-date=September 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907191627/https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/media-centre/news/2022/april/pacific-alliance-fta-is-finally-signed-and-delivered--here-is-why-it-matters#:~:text=The%20signing%20of%20the%20Pacific,%2C%20Colombia%2C%20Mexico%20and%20Peru | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://edit.wti.org/document/show/b2351442-4a42-4acc-a8c4-1f1e01609add | title=Pacific Alliance - Singapore FTA (2022) - Electronic Database of Investment Treaties (EDIT) | access-date=May 30, 2023 | archive-date=May 30, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530214612/https://edit.wti.org/document/show/b2351442-4a42-4acc-a8c4-1f1e01609add | url-status=live }}</ref>


==Transnational issues== ==Transnational issues==
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===Illicit drugs=== ===Illicit drugs===
{{Main|Mexican Drug War|Mérida Initiative}} {{Main|Mexican Drug War|Mérida Initiative}}
Mexico remains a transit and not a ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Central Intelligence Agency | title=Illicit drugs | year=2008 | publisher=CIA: the World Fact Book | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2086.html | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> ] and ] production do take place in Mexico and are responsible for an estimated 80% of the methamphetamine on the streets in the United States,<ref>{{cite news | title=Mexico Security Memo | date=July 28, 2008 | publisher=Stratfor | url=http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/mexico_security_memo_july_28_2008_0 | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> while 1,100 metric tons of marijuana are smuggled each year from Mexico.<ref>{{Cite book | contribution=National Drug Threat Assessment 2006 | title=Marijuana – Strategic findings | publisher=U.S. National Drug Intelligence Center | date=January 2006 | contribution-url=http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/18862/marijuan.htm | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> Mexico remains a transit and not a ].<ref>{{cite web | author=Central Intelligence Agency | title=Illicit drugs | year=2008 | publisher=CIA: the World Fact Book | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2086.html | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229044611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2086.html | archive-date=December 29, 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref> ] and ] production do take place in Mexico and are responsible for an estimated 80% of the methamphetamine on the streets in the United States,<ref>{{cite news | title=Mexico Security Memo | date=July 28, 2008 | publisher=Stratfor | url=http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/mexico_security_memo_july_28_2008_0 | access-date=April 12, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213170012/http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/mexico_security_memo_july_28_2008_0 | archive-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref> while 1,100 metric tons of marijuana are smuggled each year from Mexico.<ref>{{Cite book | contribution=National Drug Threat Assessment 2006 | title=Marijuana – Strategic findings | publisher=U.S. National Drug Intelligence Center | date=January 2006 | contribution-url=http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/18862/marijuan.htm | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=April 25, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425033610/http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/18862/marijuan.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>


In 1990 just over half the cocaine imported into the U.S. came through Mexico, by 2007 that had risen to more than 90 percent, according to ] estimates.<ref>{{cite news | first=Bernd | last=Debusmann |author2=Sean Maguire | title=Bernd Debusmann: In Mexico's drug wars, bullets and ballads | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/reutersComService4/idUSL0922436820080709?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 | agency=Reuters | page=2 | date=July 9, 2008 | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> Although violence between ]s has been occurring long before the war began, the government used its police forces in the 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century with little effect. That changed on December 11, 2006, when newly elected ] ] sent 6,500 federal troops to the state of ] to put an end to drug violence there. This action is regarded as the first major retaliation made against cartel operations, and is generally viewed as the starting point of the ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/america/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence.php | title=Mexican government sends 6,500 to state scarred by drug violence | date=2008-12-11 | work=]}}</ref> As time progressed, Calderón continued to escalate his anti-drug campaign, in which there are now well over 25,000 troops involved.<ref>{{cite web | author=Frank Jack Daniel | title=Mexican soldiers arrested for killing family | date=June 4, 2008 | publisher=Reuters | url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N04206352.htm | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> During the ], the ] has spent approximately US$7 billion in an 18-month-old campaign against drug cartels.<ref>{{cite web | author=Merle D. Kellerhals Jr. | title=Mérida Initiative Will Help Battle Drug Trafficking | date=July 1, 2008 | publisher=News Blaze | url=http://newsblaze.com/story/20080701063119tsop.nb/topstory.html | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> It is estimated that during 2006, there were about 2,000 drug-related violent deaths,<ref>{{cite news | author=Hector Tobar; Cecilia Sanchez | title=Mexico's drug war death toll tops 2,000 | date=November 14, 2006 | publisher=Los Angeles Times | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/11/14/MNGL3MC3I91.DTL | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> about 2,300 deaths during 2007,<ref>{{cite web | author=Associated Pres | title=No. 2 police officer in Mexican border city shot | date=May 11, 2008 | publisher=MSNBC | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24558662/ | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> and more than 6,200 people by the end of 2008.<ref>{{cite news | author=March Lacey | title=In Drug War, Mexico Fights Cartel and Itself | date=March 29, 2009 | publisher=The New York Times | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/world/americas/30mexico.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&hp | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> Many of the dead were gang members killed by rivals or by the government, some have been bystanders. In 1990 just over half the cocaine imported into the U.S. came through Mexico, by 2007 that had risen to more than 90 percent, according to ] estimates.<ref>{{cite news | first=Bernd | last=Debusmann | author2=Sean Maguire | title=Bernd Debusmann: In Mexico's drug wars, bullets and ballads | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/reutersComService4/idUSL0922436820080709?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 | work=Reuters | page=2 | date=July 9, 2008 | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=June 5, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605100401/https://www.reuters.com/article/reutersComService4/idUSL0922436820080709?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 | url-status=live }}</ref> Although violence between ]s has been occurring long before the war began, the government used its police forces in the 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century with little effect. That changed on December 11, 2006, when newly elected ] ] sent 6,500 federal troops to the state of ] to put an end to drug violence there. This action is regarded as the first major retaliation made against cartel operations, and is generally viewed as the starting point of the ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/america/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence.php | title=Mexican government sends 6,500 to state scarred by drug violence | date=December 11, 2008 | work=] | access-date=April 13, 2009 | archive-date=March 7, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307044950/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/america/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence.php | url-status=live }}</ref> As time progressed, Calderón continued to escalate his anti-drug campaign, in which there are now well over 25,000 troops involved.<ref>{{cite news | author=Frank Jack Daniel | title=Mexican soldiers arrested for killing family | date=June 4, 2008 | agency=Reuters | url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N04206352.htm | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=October 1, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001160525/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N04206352.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> It is estimated that during 2006, there were about 2,000 drug-related violent deaths,<ref>{{cite news | author=Hector Tobar; Cecilia Sanchez | title=Mexico's drug war death toll tops 2,000 | date=November 14, 2006 | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/11/14/MNGL3MC3I91.DTL | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=April 19, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419161858/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F11%2F14%2FMNGL3MC3I91.DTL | url-status=live }}</ref> about 2,300 deaths during 2007,<ref>{{cite web | agency=Associated Press | title=No. 2 police officer in Mexican border city shot | date=May 11, 2008 | work=NBC News | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24558662 | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=May 25, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525022653/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/24558662 | url-status=live }}</ref> and more than 6,200 people by the end of 2008.<ref>{{cite news | author=March Lacey | title=In Drug War, Mexico Fights Cartel and Itself | date=March 29, 2009 | newspaper=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/world/americas/30mexico.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&hp | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=May 25, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525063429/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/world/americas/30mexico.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&hp | url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the dead were gang members killed by rivals or by the government, some have been bystanders.


Drug trafficking is acknowledged as an issue with shared responsibilities that requires coordinated measures by the U.S. and Mexico. In March 2009, ] ], when ] ], stated that:<ref>{{cite news | author=Mark Lander | title=Clinton Says U.S. Feeds Mexico Drug Trade | date=March 25, 2009 | work=The New York Times | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> Drug trafficking is acknowledged as an issue with shared responsibilities that requires coordinated measures by the U.S. and Mexico. In March 2009, ] ], when ] ], stated that:<ref>{{cite news | author=Mark Lander | title=Clinton Says U.S. Feeds Mexico Drug Trade | date=March 25, 2009 | work=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=August 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815100634/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/americas/26mexico.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{quote|Our insatiable demand for ]s fuels the drug trade. Our inability to prevent weapons from being illegally smuggled across the border to arm these criminals causes the deaths of police officers, soldiers and civilians.}} {{blockquote|Our insatiable demand for ]s fuels the drug trade. Our inability to prevent weapons from being illegally smuggled across the border to arm these criminals causes the deaths of police officers, soldiers and civilians.}}


===Illegal migration=== ===Illegal migration===
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Almost a third of all immigrants in the U.S. were born in Mexico, being the source of the greatest number of both authorized (20%) and unauthorized (56%) migrants who come to the U.S. every year.<ref name="Selee p. 5">Selee (2007), p. 5</ref> Since the early 1990s, Mexican immigrants are no longer concentrated in California, the Southwest, and ], but have been coming to new gateway states, including New York, ], ], ], and Washington, D.C., in increasing numbers.<ref name="Selee p. 5"/> This phenomenon can be mainly attributed to poverty in Mexico, the growing demand for unskilled labor in the U.S., the existence of established family and community networks that allow migrants to arrive in the U.S. with people known to them.<ref name="Selee p. 5"/> Almost a third of all immigrants in the U.S. were born in Mexico, being the source of the greatest number of both authorized (20%) and unauthorized (56%) migrants who come to the U.S. every year.<ref name="Selee p. 5">Selee (2007), p. 5</ref> Since the early 1990s, Mexican immigrants are no longer concentrated in California, the Southwest, and ], but have been coming to new gateway states, including New York, ], ], ], and Washington, D.C., in increasing numbers.<ref name="Selee p. 5"/> This phenomenon can be mainly attributed to poverty in Mexico, the growing demand for unskilled labor in the U.S., the existence of established family and community networks that allow migrants to arrive in the U.S. with people known to them.<ref name="Selee p. 5"/>


The framework of ] has largely remained the same since 1965. The ] needs both high-skilled and low-skilled immigrant workers to remain competitive and to have enough workers who continue to pay into ] and ] as the U.S. population grows older. Nonetheless, there are currently very few channels for immigration to the U.S. for work-related reasons under current law.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 6</ref> Furthermore, ] has taken concern regarding the excessive brutality inflicted upon illegal immigrants, which includes beatings, sexual assault, denial of medical attention, and denial of food, water and warmth for long periods.<ref>{{cite web | author=Amnesty International | title=U.S.: human rights concerns in the border region with Mexico | url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/003/1998/es/dom-AMR510031998en.html | publisher=AI official website | accessdate=April 12, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The framework of ] has largely remained the same since 1965. The ] needs both high-skilled and low-skilled immigrant workers to remain competitive and to have enough workers who continue to pay into ] and ] as the U.S. population grows older. Nonetheless, there are currently very few channels for immigration to the U.S. for work-related reasons under current law.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 6</ref> Furthermore, ] has taken concern regarding the excessive brutality inflicted upon illegal immigrants, which includes beatings, sexual assault, denial of medical attention, and denial of food, water and warmth for long periods.<ref>{{cite web |author=Amnesty International |title=U.S.: human rights concerns in the border region with Mexico |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr51/003/1998/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522092653/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr51/003/1998/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |publisher=AI official website |access-date=April 12, 2009}}</ref>


For many years, the ] showed limited interest in the issues. However, former ] ] actively sought to recognize the ] and Mexico and to pursue a bilateral migration agreement with the ], which eventually failed.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 9</ref> The ] has placed an emphasis on how to create jobs in Mexico, enhance ], and protect Mexican citizens living abroad.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Comunicado del Gobierno Federal | title=Se reúne el Presidente Calderón con Janet Napolitano y Eric Holder; intercambian puntos de vista sobre agenda bilateral entre México y EUA | date=April 3, 2009 | publisher=Gobierno Mexicano | url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/prensa/?contenido=43763 | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> For many years, the ] showed limited interest in the issues. However, former ] ] actively sought to recognize the ] and Mexico and to pursue a bilateral migration agreement with the ], which eventually failed.<ref>Selee (2007), p. 9</ref> The ] has placed an emphasis on how to create jobs in Mexico, enhance ], and protect Mexican citizens living abroad.<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Comunicado del Gobierno Federal | title=Se reúne el Presidente Calderón con Janet Napolitano y Eric Holder; intercambian puntos de vista sobre agenda bilateral entre México y EUA | date=April 3, 2009 | publisher=Gobierno Mexicano | url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/prensa/?contenido=43763 | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=May 22, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522114405/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/prensa/?contenido=43763 | url-status=live }}</ref>


Traditionally, Mexico built a reputation as one of the ], with a varying attitude toward refugees from Spain and other ] before and during World War II, from Latin America's ] in the 1970s, and from Central America since the beginning of the 1980s.<ref name="ACNUR">{{cite news | author=Fabiola Martínez | title=México dice adiós a su tradición de asilo y deviene en tierra de rechazo | date=February 18, 2008 | work=La Jornada | publisher=UN High Commissioner for Refugees | url=http://www.acnur.org/paginas/?id_pag=7290 | accessdate=April 12, 2009|language=es}}</ref> However, in recent years refugees who solicit asylum are usually treated as if they were just immigrants, with exhaustive administrative processes.<ref name="ACNUR"/> The southern border of Mexico has experienced a significant increase in legal and illegal flows over the past decade, in particular for migrants seeking to transit Mexico to reach the U.S.<ref>{{cite web | author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | title=Mexico | publisher=OECD official website | url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/13/41255942.pdf | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> ], president of the ], condemned the repressing policy implemented by the ] against illegal immigrants who cross the country's southern border.<ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish| author=Jorge Ramos; Ricardo Gómez | title=Denuncia CNDH política represora contra migrantes | date=October 23, 2008 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.el-universal.com.mx/notas/551568.html | accessdate=April 12, 2009}}</ref> ] ] modified the "General Law on Population" to derogate some penalties against immigrants such as jail, instead undocumented immigrants have to pay fines as high as US$500.<ref>{{cite news | author=BBC Editors | title=México no encarcelará a ilegales | date=July 22, 2008 | publisher=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7519000/7519251.stm | accessdate=April 12, 2009|language=es}}</ref> Traditionally, Mexico built a reputation as one of the ], with a varying attitude toward refugees from Spain and other ] before and during World War II, from Latin America's ] in the 1970s, and from Central America since the beginning of the 1980s.<ref name="ACNUR">{{cite news | author=Fabiola Martínez | title=México dice adiós a su tradición de asilo y deviene en tierra de rechazo | date=February 18, 2008 | work=La Jornada | publisher=UN High Commissioner for Refugees | url=http://www.acnur.org/paginas/?id_pag=7290 | access-date=April 12, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=October 1, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001211506/http://www.acnur.org/paginas/?id_pag=7290 | url-status=live }}</ref> However, in recent years refugees who solicit asylum are usually treated as if they were just immigrants, with exhaustive administrative processes.<ref name="ACNUR"/> The southern border of Mexico has experienced a significant increase in legal and illegal flows over the past decade, in particular for migrants seeking to transit Mexico to reach the U.S.<ref>{{cite web | author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | title=Mexico | publisher=OECD official website | url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/13/41255942.pdf | access-date=April 12, 2009 | archive-date=January 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109142316/https://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/13/41255942.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> ], president of the ], condemned the repressing policy implemented by the ] against illegal immigrants who cross the country's southern border.<ref>{{cite web|language=es |author=Jorge Ramos; Ricardo Gómez |title=Denuncia CNDH política represora contra migrantes |date=October 23, 2008 |work=El Universal |url=http://www.el-universal.com.mx/notas/551568.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912125621/http://www.el-universal.com.mx/notas/551568.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |access-date=April 12, 2009}}</ref> ] ] modified the "General Law on Population" to derogate some penalties against immigrants like jail time, instead imposing fines of up to US$500 on illegal immigrants.<ref>{{cite news | title=México no encarcelará a ilegales | date=July 22, 2008 | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7519000/7519251.stm | access-date=April 12, 2009 | language=es | archive-date=June 5, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605052428/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7519000/7519251.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*]
] ]
'''Diplomacy''' '''Diplomacy'''
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==Footnotes== ==Footnotes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Reflist|30em}}


==References== ==References==
* Pereña-García, Mercedes (2001). ''Las Relaciones Diplomáticas de México''. Plaza y Valdés, p.&nbsp;94. ISBN 968-856-917-8. * Pereña-García, Mercedes (2001). ''Las Relaciones Diplomáticas de México''. Plaza y Valdés, p.&nbsp;94. {{ISBN|968-856-917-8}}.
* Velázquez Flores, Rafael (2007). ''Factores, Bases y Fundamentos de la Política Exterior de México''. Plaza y Valdés, p.&nbsp;331. ISBN 970-722-473-8. * Velázquez Flores, Rafael (2007). ''Factores, Bases y Fundamentos de la Política Exterior de México''. Plaza y Valdés, p.&nbsp;331. {{ISBN|970-722-473-8}}.
* Alponte, Juan María (1993). ''La Política Exterior de México en el Nuevo Orden Mundial : Antología de Principios y Tesis''. FCE, p.&nbsp;428. ISBN 968-16-4167-1. * Alponte, Juan María (1993). ''La Política Exterior de México en el Nuevo Orden Mundial : Antología de Principios y Tesis''. FCE, p.&nbsp;428. {{ISBN|968-16-4167-1}}.
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005) ''La Política Exterior Mexicana en la Transición''. FCE, SRE, p.&nbsp;281. ISBN 968-16-7745-5. * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005) ''La Política Exterior Mexicana en la Transición''. FCE, SRE, p.&nbsp;281. {{ISBN|968-16-7745-5}}.
* Lajous Vargas, Roberta (2000) ''Los Retos de la Política Exterior de México en el Siglo XXI''. SRE, p.&nbsp;560. ISBN 968-810-621-6. * Lajous Vargas, Roberta (2000) ''Los Retos de la Política Exterior de México en el Siglo XXI''. SRE, p.&nbsp;560. {{ISBN|968-810-621-6}}.
* El Colegio de México (2007). ''Historia General de México: Versión 2000''. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos, p.&nbsp;1103. ISBN 968-12-0969-9. * El Colegio de México (2007). ''Historia General de México: Versión 2000''. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos, p.&nbsp;1103. {{ISBN|968-12-0969-9}}.
* Selee, Andrew D. (2007). ''More Than Neighbors: An Overview of Mexico and U.S.-Mexican Relations''. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, p.&nbsp;43. ISBN 1-933549-26-2. * Selee, Andrew D. (2007). ''More Than Neighbors: An Overview of Mexico and U.S.-Mexican Relations''. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, p.&nbsp;43. {{ISBN|1-933549-26-2}}.


==External links== ==External links==
* — Official website of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs {{es icon}} * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218200942/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/eua/ |date=December 18, 2008 }} — Official website of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs {{in lang|es}}
* — Official website of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050920185753/http://www.sre.gob.mx/english/ |date=September 20, 2005 }} — Official website of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs
* — Searchable Database {{es icon}} * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319205117/http://www.sre.gob.mx/tratados/ |date=March 19, 2009 }} — Searchable Database {{in lang|es}}
* — Official website {{en icon}} {{es icon}} * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319170237/http://www.sre.gob.mx/onu/ |date=March 19, 2009 }} — Official website {{in lang|en|es}}


{{Foreign relations of Mexico}} {{Foreign relations of Mexico}}
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|title = {{resize|105%|International membership}} |title = {{resize|105%|International membership}}
|list = |list =
{{Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation}} {{Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation}}
{{G8 nations}} {{G8 nations}}
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{{World Trade Organization}} {{World Trade Organization}}
}} }}
{{Americas topic|Foreign relations of|title=Foreign relations in the Americas}}

] ]

Latest revision as of 14:14, 20 December 2024

Politics of Mexico
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The foreign relations of Mexico (United Mexican States) are directed by the President of the United Mexican States and managed through the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations. Since the 1930s, the Estrada Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.

After the War of Independence, the relations of Mexico were focused primarily on the United States, its northern neighbor, largest trading partner, and the most powerful actor in hemispheric and world affairs. Once the order was reestablished, its foreign policy was built under hemispheric prestige in subsequent decades. Demonstrating independence from the U.S., Mexico supported the Cuban government since its establishment in the early 1960s, the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua during the late 1970s, and leftist revolutionary groups in El Salvador during the 1980s. In the 2000s, former President Vicente Fox adopted a new foreign policy that calls for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community and the increase of Mexican involvement in foreign affairs, as well as a further integration towards its northern neighbors. A greater priority to Latin America and the Caribbean was given during the administration of President Felipe Calderón.

Mexico is one of the founding members of several international organizations, most notably the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the OPANAL and the Rio Group. For a long time, Mexico has been one of the largest contributors to the United Nations regular budget, in 2008 over 40 million dollars were given to the organization. In addition, it was the only Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since it joined in 1994 until the accession of Chile in 2010. Mexico is considered as a newly industrialized country, a regional power and an emerging market, hence its presence in major economic groups such as the G8+5 and the G-20 major economies.

Foreign policy

Current headquarters of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.

The Article 89, Section 10 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States states the principles of the Mexican foreign policy, which were officially incorporated in 1988. The direction that the foreign policy will take lies on the President, as the head of state, and it is executed through the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Textually, the article establishes that:

The powers and duties of the President are the following:

X. To direct the foreign policy and conclude international treaties, as well as end, denounce, suspend, modify, emend, retire reserves and formulate interpretative declarations about the formers, submitting them to the ratification of the Senate. In the conducting of this policy, the Head of the Executive Power will observe the following standard principles: the self-determination of peoples, the non-intervention, the peaceful resolution of disputes, the proscription of threat or the use of force in the international relations, the legal equality of states, the international cooperation for development, and the struggle for international peace and security.
Main article: Estrada Doctrine
The heads of delegations from left to right: Enrique Peña Nieto, François Hollande, Angela Merkel, Michelle Bachelet at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference.

Aside from these principles constitutionally recognized, the foreign policy has been based on some doctrines. The Estrada Doctrine as the most influential and representative instrument in this field, proclaimed in the early 1930s and strictly applied until 2000, claimed that foreign governments should not judge, positively or negatively, the governments or changes in government of other nations, since such action would be a breach of their sovereignty. This policy was said to be based on the principles of non-intervention, peaceful resolution of disputes and self-determination of all nations.

Main article: Castañeda Doctrine

During the first presidency of the National Action Party, Vicente Fox appointed Jorge Castañeda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the "Castañeda Doctrine". The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of Mexican involvement in foreign affairs.

On November 28, 2006, former President Felipe Calderón announced that Patricia Espinosa would serve as his Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting on December 1, 2006. He declared priorities include the diversification of the Mexico–United States agenda, heavily concentrated on immigration and security issues, and the rebuilding of diplomatic relations with Cuba and Venezuela, which were heavily strained during the Fox administration, as well as giving greater priority to Latin America and the Caribbean states.

Diplomatic relations

Mexican diplomatic missions overseas.  Mexico.   Embassy.  Representative Office in the Palestinian Authority and Mexican Trade Office in Taiwan.

The Mexican foreign service officially started in 1822, the year after the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba, which marked the beginning of the country's independence. In 1831, legislation was passed that underpinned the establishment of diplomatic representations with other states in Europe and the Americas.

As a regional power and emerging market, Mexico holds a significant global presence. As of 2009, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs has over 150 representations at its disposal overseas, which include:

  • 79 embassies.
  • 68 consulates.
  • 8 permanent missions.

In the early 1970s, Mexico recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole and legitimate government of China, therefore issues related to the Republic of China (Taiwan) are managed through the Office of Consular Liaison under the circumscription of the Consulate General of Mexico in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. In addition, Mexico does not recognize Kosovo as an independent country.

Historically, Mexico has remained neutral in international conflicts. However, in recent years some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution in order to allow the Mexican army, air force or navy to collaborate with the United Nations in peacekeeping missions, or to provide military help to countries that officially ask for it.

List of countries with diplomatic relations

List of countries which Mexico maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  United States 12 December 1822
2  Peru 23 January 1823
3  Colombia 3 October 1823
4  United Kingdom 26 December 1826
5  Belgium 15 June 1827
6  Netherlands 15 June 1827
7  Denmark 19 July 1827
8  Uruguay 22 February 1831
9  Chile 7 March 1831
10  Paraguay 3 June 1831
11  Bolivia 21 November 1831
12  Brazil 30 April 1834
13  El Salvador 12 May 1835
14  Venezuela 8 September 1835
15  Spain 28 December 1836
—  Ecuador (suspended) 15 November 1837
16  Nicaragua 1839
17  France 27 February 1840
18  Guatemala 6 September 1848
19  Italy 15 December 1874
20  Costa Rica 3 August 1876
21  Honduras 26 February 1879
22  Portugal 6 December 1879
23   Switzerland 31 December 1882
24  Sweden 29 July 1885
25  Japan 30 November 1888
26  Argentina 20 December 1888
27  Dominican Republic 29 March 1890
28  Russia 11 December 1890
29  Iran 14 May 1902
30  Cuba 20 May 1903
31  Norway 9 April 1906
32  Czech Republic 20 July 1922
33  Panama 29 May 1923
34  Hungary 13 January 1926
35  Austria 14 July 1927
36  Poland 26 February 1928
37  Turkey 12 July 1928
38  Haiti 11 July 1929
39  Romania 26 July 1935
40  Finland 2 October 1936
41  Bulgaria 6 January 1938
42  Greece 17 May 1938
43  Canada 30 January 1944
44  Lebanon 12 June 1945
45  Serbia 28 May 1946
46  Luxembourg 8 January 1947
47  Ethiopia 1 November 1949
48  India 1 August 1950
49  Syria 20 August 1950
50  Iraq 25 September 1950
51  Israel 1 July 1952
52  Saudi Arabia 12 September 1952
53  Germany 29 August 1952
54  Indonesia 6 April 1953
55  Philippines 14 April 1953
56  Pakistan 19 January 1955
57  Egypt 31 March 1958
58  Sri Lanka 19 April 1960
59  Afghanistan 27 June 1961
60  Ghana 8 August 1961
61  Tunisia 16 November 1961
62  Guinea 25 January 1962
63  South Korea 26 January 1962
64  Senegal 9 May 1962
65  Morocco 31 October 1962
66  Iceland 24 March 1964
67  Algeria 21 October 1964
68  Australia 14 March 1966
69  Trinidad and Tobago 29 April 1966
70  Jamaica 4 February 1967
71  China 14 February 1972
72  Barbados 11 September 1972
73  Tanzania 19 February 1973
74  Guyana 1 March 1973
75  New Zealand 19 July 1973
76  Bahamas 23 January 1974
77  Cyprus 21 February 1974
78  Malaysia 27 March 1974
79  Albania 15 October 1974
80  Grenada 11 April 1975
81  Vietnam 19 May 1975
82  Mauritania 24 June 1975
83  Qatar 30 June 1975
84  Bangladesh 8 July 1975
85  Jordan 9 July 1975
86  Kuwait 23 July 1975
87  Oman 31 July 1975
88  Democratic Republic of the Congo 31 July 1975
89  Bahrain 5 August 1975
90  Somalia 5 August 1975
91  Yemen 5 August 1975
92  Libya 6 August 1975
93  Gambia 16 August 1975
94  Ireland 21 August 1975
95  Thailand 28 August 1975
96  Fiji 31 August 1975
97  United Arab Emirates 12 September 1975
98  Mongolia 24 September 1975
99  Cambodia 26 September 1975
100  Equatorial Guinea 26 September 1975
101  Zambia 15 October 1975
102  Malta 29 October 1975
103  Togo 29 October 1975
104  Benin 30 October 1975
105  Niger 6 November 1975
106  Ivory Coast 13 November 1975
107  Lesotho 14 November 1975
108  Maldives 15 November 1975
109    Nepal 25 November 1975
110  Suriname 25 November 1975
111  Botswana 5 December 1975
112  Cameroon 23 December 1975
113  Eswatini 23 December 1975
114  Singapore 23 December 1975
115  Madagascar 26 December 1975
116  Rwanda 21 January 1976
117  Cape Verde 19 February 1976
118  Uganda 20 February 1976
119  Angola 20 February 1976
120  Chad 25 February 1976
121  Gabon 10 March 1976
122  Nigeria 14 April 1976
123  Papua New Guinea 19 May 1976
124  Liberia 22 June 1976
125  Burkina Faso 30 June 1976
126  Sierra Leone 30 June 1976
127  Mauritius 30 July 1976
128  Myanmar 10 October 1976
129  Laos 29 November 1976
130  Kenya 15 March 1977
131  Mali 23 March 1977
132  Burundi 28 July 1977
133  Dominica 19 April 1979
134  Saint Lucia 17 May 1979
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 24 September 1979
135  North Korea 4 September 1980
136  Belize 21 September 1981
137  Sudan 19 October 1982
138  Guinea-Bissau 23 March 1983
139  Antigua and Barbuda 14 September 1984
140  Zimbabwe 12 March 1985
141  Seychelles 1 June 1986
142  Vanuatu 30 October 1986
143  Mozambique 26 February 1988
144  Djibouti 22 June 1989
145  Namibia 17 April 1990
146  Saint Kitts and Nevis 31 July 1990
147  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 31 July 1990
148  São Tomé and Príncipe 10 September 1990
149  Republic of the Congo 1990
150  Brunei 2 October 1991
151  Lithuania 5 November 1991
152  Latvia 27 November 1991
153  Estonia 5 December 1991
154  Tajikistan 12 January 1992
155  Armenia 14 January 1992
156  Belarus 14 January 1992
157  Ukraine 14 January 1992
158  Moldova 4 February 1992
159  Azerbaijan 10 February 1992
160  Uzbekistan 16 March 1992
161  Kyrgyzstan 27 March 1992
162  Turkmenistan 27 March 1992
163  Kazakhstan 13 April 1992
164  Georgia 8 June 1992
165  Slovenia 10 July 1992
—  Holy See 21 September 1992
166  Croatia 6 December 1992
167  Marshall Islands 28 January 1993
168  Eritrea 23 June 1993
169  Slovakia 1 October 1993
170  South Africa 27 October 1993
171  Liechtenstein 1 July 1994
172  Andorra 5 May 1995
173  Malawi 10 December 1998
174  Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 August 2001
175  Nauru 21 September 2001
176  Federated States of Micronesia 27 September 2001
177  North Macedonia 4 October 2001
178  Palau 17 October 2001
179  East Timor 26 September 2003
180  Kiribati 13 October 2005
181  Tuvalu 27 September 2006
182  San Marino 22 May 2007
183  Montenegro 5 June 2007
184  Monaco 21 March 2008
185  Solomon Islands 26 September 2008
186  Tonga 26 September 2008
187  Comoros 13 October 2008
188  Samoa 21 October 2008
189  South Sudan 26 September 2011
190  Central African Republic 4 February 2020
—  Cook Islands 21 November 2023

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria October 21, 1964 See Algeria–Mexico relations
 Angola February 20, 1976 See Angola–Mexico relations
  • Angola is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and has an honorary consulate in Luanda.
 Benin 1975
  • Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Botswana December 5, 1975
  • Botswana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Burkina Faso 1976
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Burkina Faso from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Burundi July 28, 1977
  • Burundi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate Bujumbura.
 Cameroon 1975
  • Cameroon is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cameroon from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Cape Verde 1976
  • Cape Verde is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cape Verde from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
 Central African Republic February 4, 2020

Both nations established diplomatic relations on February 4, 2020, in New York City, with the signing done by their respective ambassadors to the United Nations.

  • Central African Republic does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Central African Republic from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
 Chad February 25, 1976 See Chad–Mexico relations

Chad and Mexico established diplomatic relations on February 25, 1976. In May 2002, Chadian Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum paid a visit to the Mexican city of Monterrey to attend the Monterrey Consensus conference.

  • Chad is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
 Comoros October 2008
  • The Comoros does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Comoros from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo July 31, 1975 See Democratic Republic of the Congo–Mexico relations

Both nations established diplomatic relations on July 31, 1975.

  • DR Congo does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to DR Congo from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Republic of the Congo 1990
  • Republic of the Congo is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Republic of the Congo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Djibouti June 22, 1989
  • Djibouti is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Mexico is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and maintains an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.
 Egypt March 31, 1958 See Egypt–Mexico relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Cairo.
 Equatorial Guinea September 26, 1975 See Equatorial Guinea–Mexico relations

Both nations established diplomatic relations on September 26, 1975.

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Eritrea June 23, 1993
  • Eritrea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Eritrea from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
 Eswatini December 23, 1975
  • Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Eswatini from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Ethiopia 1949 See Ethiopia–Mexico relations

After the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Mexico was the only country to condemn the Italian occupation of Ethiopia at the League of Nations. Since then, relations between the two nations have strengthened. In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia thanked Mexico by naming a square in the city called "Mexico Square". Mexico named a metro station in Mexico City called Metro Etiopía.

  • Ethiopia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 Gabon March 1976
  • Gabon is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Gabon from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Gambia August 15, 1975
  • Gambia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 Ghana August 8, 1961 See Ghana–Mexico relations

Ghana and Mexico established diplomatic relations on August 8, 1961. Soon afterwards, both nations opened embassies in each other's capitals, respectively. In 1972, Ghana closed its embassy in Mexico City. Mexico closed its embassy in Accra in 1980. Mexico re-opened its embassy in Ghana in 2013.

  • Ghana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Accra.
 Guinea January 25, 1962
  • Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Mexico is accredited to Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Guinea-Bissau 1975
  • Guinea-Bissau does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Guinea-Bissau from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
 Ivory Coast November 13, 1975 See Ivory Coast–Mexico relations
  • Ivory Coast has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Ivory Coast from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco and maintains an honorary consulate in Abidjan.
 Kenya March 15, 1977 See Kenya–Mexico relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Nairobi.
 Lesotho 1975
  • Lesotho is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Lesotho from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Liberia 1976
  • Liberia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 Libya August 6, 1975 See Libya–Mexico relations
  • Libya has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
 Madagascar December 26, 1975
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
 Malawi December 10, 1998
  • Malawi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Mali March 23, 1977
  • Mali is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Mali from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco and has an honorary consulate in Bamako.
 Mauritania June 24, 1975
  • Mauritania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria and maintains an honorary consulate in Nouakchott.
 Mauritius July 30, 1976
  • Mauritius is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Port Louis.
 Morocco October 31, 1962 See Mexico–Morocco relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Rabat and a trade office in Casablanca.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Mozambique February 26, 1988 See Mexico–Mozambique relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mozambique is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Namibia April 17, 1990 See Mexico–Namibia relations

Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Namibia on April 17, 1990. In 1993, Mexico opened an embassy in Windhoek, however, the embassy was closed in 2002.

  • Mexico is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Niger November 6, 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Niger from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Niger is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Nigeria April 14, 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Rwanda January 21, 1976
  • Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.
  • Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Sahrawi Republic September 8, 1979 See Mexico–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations
  • Mexico is accredited to the Sahrawi Republic from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Sahrawi Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.
 São Tomé and Príncipe ~1989
  • Mexico is accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Senegal May 1962 See Mexico–Senegal relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Senegal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco. and maintains an honorary consulate in Dakar.
  • Senegal is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Seychelles 1986
  • Mexico is accredited to the Seychelles from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Seychelles does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Sierra Leone 1976
  • Mexico is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Sierra Leone does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Somalia August 5, 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Somalia from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Somalia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 South Africa 26 October 1993 See Mexico–South Africa relations

There were no official relations between Mexico and South Africa before 1993. After the end of Apartheid in South Africa, the countries established relations.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Mexico City.
 South Sudan September 26, 2011
  • Mexico is accredited to South Sudan from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • South Sudan does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Sudan October 19, 1982

Mexico and Sudan established diplomatic relations on October 19, 1982.

  • Mexico is accredited to Sudan from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt and maintains an honorary consulate in Khartoum.
  • Sudan does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
 Tanzania February 19, 1973 See Mexico–Tanzania relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Togo October 29, 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Togo from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Togo is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Tunisia November 17, 1961 See Mexico–Tunisia relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria and maintains an honorary consulate in Tunis.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Uganda February 20, 1976 See Mexico–Uganda relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kampala.
  • Uganda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Zambia October 15, 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Zambia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Zimbabwe March 1985 See Mexico–Zimbabwe relations

Mexico and Zimbabwe established diplomatic relations in March 1985. Mexico opened an embassy in Harare in 1990, however, the embassy later closed in 1994.

  • Mexico is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Zimbabwe is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.

Americas

The VII Summit of the Pacific Alliance
NAFTA Initialing Ceremony, October 1992. From left to right (standing) President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President George H. W. Bush, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. (Seated) Jaime Serra Puche, Carla Hills, Michael Wilson.

Since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, relations between Canada, Mexico and the United States have significantly strengthened politically, economically, socially and culturally. During the Fox administration, a further integration towards Mexico's northern neighbors was a top priority. The September 11 attacks changed the priorities of U.S. foreign policy toward the strengthening of regional security. As a result, several trilateral summit meetings regarding this issue have occurred within the framework of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), a region-level dialogue with the stated purpose of providing greater cooperation on security and economic issues, founded in Waco, Texas on March 23, 2005, by Paul Martin, former Prime Minister of Canada, Vicente Fox, then-President of Mexico, and George W. Bush, former President of the United States.

Other issues of concern are the ones related to conservation and protection of the environment, the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) consists of a declaration of principles and objectives concerning this issues as well as concrete measures to further cooperation on these matters tripartitely. In addition, the Independent Task Force on North America advocates a greater economic and social integration between Canada, Mexico and the U.S. as a region. It is a group of prominent business, political and academic leaders from the three countries organized and sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations (U.S.), the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations.

Mexico is an observer of several regional organizations such as the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). Former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner expressed, during a state visit in Mexico City, that Mexico should become a full member of Mercosur, other Latin American leaders such as Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Tabaré Vázquez share this vision and have extended the invitation, the latter emphasized Mexico's key role in integration of Latin America and the Caribbean and stated that:

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda September 14, 1984 See Antigua and Barbuda–Mexico relations
  • Antigua and Barbuda has a non-resident ambassador accredited to Mexico from its capital in St. John's.
  • Mexico is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in St. John's.
 Argentina 1824 See Argentina–Mexico relations
Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador along with Argentine President Alberto Fernández in Iguala, Mexico; February 2021.

First contacts started in 1818 with the United Provinces of South America. Due to internal conflicts in each nation, relations between Mexico and Argentina were established de jure until the 1880s when both countries officially accredited their respective representations, upgraded to embassies in 1927. On May 20, 1914, accredited diplomats from Argentina, Brazil and Chile, known as the ABC countries, met in Niagara Falls, Canada, to prevent a war between Mexico and the United States, potentially possible due to measures taken by then-U.S. President Woodrow Wilson concerning the Tampico Affair.

Relations reached their lowest point during the rule of the military government in Argentina, because of the asylum provided by Mexico to Héctor Cámpora and Abal Medina. Nearly at the end of the López Portillo administration in April 1982, Argentina challenged the British government when they invaded the Falkland Islands. Mexico acknowledged the Argentine rights over the islands but condemned the use of force to solve the conflict and supported a resolution of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) that called for an end of hostilities.

In 2005, during the Fourth Summit of the Americas in Mar de Plata, Argentina, tensions between the two countries started when former President Vicente Fox canceled the anticipatively programmed bilateral reunion with then-President Néstor Kirchner. At the Summit, Fox actively promoted the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and suggested the exclusion of those who did not agree; Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela argued that the Summit was not meant to discuss the FTAA and rejected the proposition. At the end of the ceremony, Fox expressed that "the most important countries of the Americas (Canada, Mexico and the U.S.) supported the FTAA, and the secondary ones (Cuba, Venezuela and the members of Mercosur) were against it". Later, he criticized Kirchner's interest of "pleasing the Argentine public opinion", who responded that "Fox should only care for the affairs that involve Mexico and good diplomacy was not about bowing down to powerful countries". The respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs redacted a joint communiqué apologizing for the incident and reminded the "importance of the good relations for both countries". In 2007, when Kirchner paid a state visit, he and President Felipe Calderón signed a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" to strengthen bilateral ties.

In recent years, both partners, along with Colombia, Italy, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and six other countries, developed a movement called Uniting for Consensus, nicknamed the "Coffee Club", in opposition to the possible expansion of the United Nations Security Council. Argentina and Mexico, specifically, do not support the integration of Brazil as a permanent member of the UNSC.

 Bahamas January 24, 1974 See Bahamas–Mexico relations
  • The Bahamas is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Bahamas from its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica and maintains an honorary consulate in Nassau.
 Barbados September 11, 1972 See Barbados–Mexico relations
  • Barbados is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago and maintains an honorary consulate in Bridgetown.
 Belize 1981 See Belize–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between both nations were established in 1981 after Belize obtained independence from the United Kingdom.

 Bolivia 1831 See Bolivia–Mexico relations
Official visit to Mexico of the President of Bolivia, Luis Alberto Arce Catacora.
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in La Paz.

Both nations are full members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and Rio Group.

 Brazil August 7, 1824 See Brazil–Mexico relations
Felipe Calderon and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president of Brazil (right).

Mexico and Brazil represent more than half of population, territory and economic development in Latin America, and have the major prestige in the region. Considered as regional powers by analysts, relations between the two countries remain good. In the economic area, both are members of the ALADI, the G8+5 and the G-20.

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Brazil were formally established in the 1820s. During the French Intervention in Mexico, and subsequent Second Mexican Empire, every Latin American country, except Guatemala and the Brazilian Empire, refused to recognize the government of Maximilian I of Mexico. In 1914, an incident occurred in the Port of Tampico that was enough to lead the U.S. to send troops to occupy the Port of Veracruz, which coincided with the provision of military aid by Germany to General Victoriano Huerta. The governments of Argentina, Brazil and Chile, that were given the term ABC countries, supported by then-U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, offered their mediation to solve the dispute peacefully. The ABC countries met in Niagara Falls, Canada to prevent a war between Mexico and the U.S. Legitimate President Venustiano Carranza refused to participate because discussions regarding the ideal form of government that should be established in Mexico took place at the Niagara Falls conferences. Followers of Carranza condemned these actions and refused to accept any foreign aid. Nonetheless, the ABC Pact of 1915 was successfully implemented during the following years. Since the 1970s, relations between Mexico and Brazil have been substantially strengthened.

In October 2006, President-elect Felipe Calderón visited Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, to deepen the dialogue and cooperation between the two countries. The governments of Brazil and Mexico look for maintaining an opened dialogue with several visits to strengthen the bilateral relations and allow a major exchange in areas such as non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, human rights, environment and energy. Thus the Brazil-Mexico Bilateral Commission was released in March 2007 to strengthen their relations. In August 2007, when President "Lula" da Silva paid a state visit, both leaders agreed to coordinate their foreign policies towards Latin America in order to further integrate the region.

In the multilateral scene, Brazil and Mexico's actions are guided by solid principles such as respect for international law, defense of multilateralism, social justice and democratization of international relations. As noted, both countries share views internationally. However, some differences remain, being the most significant the Reform of the United Nations Security Council. Brazil and Mexico, along with India, the People's Republic of China and South Africa, often represent the interests of the developing countries through economic forums such as the G8+5 and the G-20.

 Canada January 30, 1944 See Canada–Mexico relations
Press conference between Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto in Ottawa; 2016.

Formal relations did not begin until 1944, at the height of the Second World War, which both countries participated in on the Allied side. Prior to the negotiations around the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), economic and political ties between Mexico and Canada were relatively weak. Since NAFTA has come into force, the two countries have become much more important to each other, and often collaborate when dealing with the United States, for example with issues related to the economic embargo imposed to Cuba.

Currently, Mexico and Canada are close friends and strategic partners and benefit from a very active bilateral relationship which includes ever increasing commercial ties, high-level political exchanges and an expanding collaborative network between Mexicans and Canadians in areas such as climate change, culture, energy, education, good governance, human rights and public service modernization. And more recently, both countries have been building a closer security and defense relationship.

In recent years, both partners along with Italy, Argentina, Pakistan and other eight countries have sought a reform of the United Nations Security Council and its working methods Which form a group informally called the Coffee Club, that opposes to the proposition of the G4.

 Chile 1821 See Chile–Mexico relations

In the early 1820s, Chile and Mexico established diplomatic relations, both countries had interest of integrating the region, however, due to Mexico's economic and political instability the project did not go further. In 1914, due to the Tampico Affair, then-U.S. President Woodrow Wilson ordered the occupation of the Port of Veracruz. Once Wilson realized that his objectives had failed, he appealed to the accredited diplomats of Argentina, Brazil and Chile, known as the ABC countries, to mediate and find a peaceful solution to the international conflict preventing a war between Mexico and the U.S.

Based on the principle of ideological plurality, the Mexican government actively supported the regimes of Fidel Castro in Cuba and Salvador Allende in Chile. After the coup d'état of September 11, 1973, Mexico condemned the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, but did not break off diplomatic relations immediately due to the amount of Chileans seeking for asylum refuged in the Mexican embassy. Months later, then-President Luis Echeverría formally broke off diplomatic ties with Chile.

Relations were reestablished in 1990 after the Chilean transition to democracy with the election of Patricio Aylwin. A Free Trade Agreement with Chile was signed in April 1998 and went into force on August 1, 1999. Since then, bilateral trade has significantly increased and exceeded the US$3.3 billion mark as of 2006. In addition, Mexico has become Chile's main Latin American investor, accumulating nearly US$870 million. Under the Fox administration, the candidacy of then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis Ernesto Derbez for the Secretary General of the Organization of American States was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with Chile when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against José Miguel Insulza, however, the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate. Bilateral relations were raised to a new level during the state visit of President Michelle Bachelet to Mexico in March 2007, both countries put into effect a "Strategic Partnership Agreement" aimed at bolstering trade, political, diplomatic and cultural relations, as well as ties with civil society. It also creates a fund that will provide US$2 million a year for development projects in Chile, Mexico and third countries.

 Colombia October 3, 1823 See Colombia–Mexico relations
 Costa Rica 1838 See Costa Rica–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in San José.
 Cuba 1902 See Cuba–Mexico relations

In 1902, Mexico became the first country to ever recognize and establish relations with the Republic of Cuba once it gained full sovereignty. The cultural ties between the two nations became stronger during the following decades. In the mid-20th century, the Cuban Revolution took place, culminating with the triumph of the July 26 Movement on January 1, 1959. In 1964, when Cuba was expelled from the Organization of American States Mexico did not support this resolution and abstained. Mexico thereafter maintained diplomatic relations with Cuba, which effectively established it as the sole link between Fidel Castro and the rest of the hemisphere because none of the other Latin American governments recognized Cuba's revolutionary regime until after 1970. Since then, Mexico constantly supported Cuba in international organizations and multilateral forums, and strongly opposed to the economic embargo imposed to the Caribbean island in the early 1960s.

Relations remained strong and stable until 1998 when Fidel Castro, declared that Mexican children were more knowledgeable on Disney characters than on key figures in Mexican history, such declarations led Mexico to recall its ambassador from Havana. He later apologized and said that his words were meant to underscore the cultural dominance of the U.S. On November 16, 1999, then Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo highly criticized the lack of democracy and political freedom in Cuba during his official visit to the Caribbean island. Relations worsened when then President Vicente Fox, from the National Action Party, redirected the country's Castañeda Doctrine on foreign policy. In April 2002, the UN Human Rights Commission again criticized Cuba's rights record, the resolution was sponsored by Uruguay and supported by many of countries traditionally friendly towards Cuba, such as Mexico, that historically had abstained. The same month, Fox apologized to Fidel Castro over allegations by Castro that Fox forced him at the last minute to leave the United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico, in order to favor the presence of former U.S. President George W. Bush, who also attended and likely requested Castro's removal. Castro, Cuba, and even many Mexicans saw this as an insult, and relations between the two countries reached their lowest point.

Under the Calderón administration, Mexico concentrated on rebuilding diplomatic relations with Havana. On December 15–17, 2008, in the framework of the "First Latin American and Caribbean Summit for Integration and Development", President Calderón introduced Cuba to the regional organization Rio Group and held talks with President Raúl Castro about topics of interests for both countries. They both agreed to schedule mutual visits for 2009, and put emphasis on strengthening the friendship, cooperation, integration, trade and support. Both countries share the vision of a permanent fight against poverty and organized crime.

With seven months before the six-year term of Felipe Calderón came to an end, he made plans to visit Cuba to "patch up the bruise" and discuss possible business relations, which included oil deals. In April 2012, President Felipe Calderón traveled to Cuba and met with Raúl Castro to fix the broken relationship between the two countries. During his time in Cuba, Calderón condemned the 50-year-old U.S. trade embargo against Cuba.

 Dominica April 3, 1979 See Dominica–Mexico relations
  • Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Roseau.
 Dominican Republic July 23, 1888 See Dominican Republic–Mexico relations
 Ecuador 1837

Diplomatic Relations Severed in 5 April 2024

See Ecuador–Mexico relations

In April 2024, Mexico severed diplomatic relations with Ecuador due to the raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador.

 El Salvador 1838 See El Salvador–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and El Salvador were established in 1838.

 Grenada April 11, 1975 See Grenada–Mexico relations
  • Grenada is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Grenada from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in St. George's.
 Guatemala 6 September 1848 See Guatemala–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Guatemala began in 1838 after the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America.

 Guyana March 1, 1973 See Guyana–Mexico relations
  • Guyana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Georgetown.
 Haiti 11 July 1929 See Haiti–Mexico relations
 Honduras 1879 See Honduras–Mexico relations
 Jamaica March 18, 1966 See Jamaica–Mexico relations
  • Jamaica has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Kingston.
 Nicaragua 1838 See Mexico–Nicaragua relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Managua.
  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Panama March 1, 1904 See Mexico–Panama relations
 Paraguay 1831 See Mexico–Paraguay relations
 Peru 1883 See Mexico–Peru relations

Mexico and Peru have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Saint Kitts and Nevis July 31, 1990 See Mexico–Saint Kitts and Nevis relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Saint Kitts an Nevis from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Basseterre.
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Saint Lucia May 17, 1979 See Mexico–Saint Lucia relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Castries.
  • Saint Lucia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines July 31, 1990 See Mexico–Saint Vincent and the Grenadines relations
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Kingstown.
 Suriname 1975 See Mexico–Suriname relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Suriname is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Trinidad and Tobago April 30, 1966 See Mexico–Trinidad and Tobago relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 United States 1821 See Mexico–United States relations
U.S. President Biden and Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, November 2021.

When Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, the United States was the first country to recognize it. On December 12, 1822, the then-United States Secretary of State John Quincy Adams introduced José Manuel Zozoya, the first Mexican representative, to the then-U.S. president James Monroe in the White House. Through this event, the U.S. recognized de facto the independence of Mexico and the recently born Mexican Empire led by Agustín de Iturbide. However, Washington did not establish diplomatic relations formally with Mexico until 1825, naming Joel Poinsett as its representative, who had the mission of buying territory and getting trading facilities.

The Mexican–American War was a conflict that sparked when the U.S. annexed Texas in 1845 and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation. The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for two years, was settled via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the U.S., including California. Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern Arizona and New Mexico) to the U.S. via the Gadsden Purchase in 1854.

In the Reform War, that lasted from 1858 to 1861, the liberals led by Benito Juárez, were given the U.S. recognition as the legitimate government in Mexico. Meanwhile, the conservatives, headed by Comonfort, Zuloaga and Miramón, brought a European Emperor to govern the country, Maximilian I, which led to the French Intervention in 1862, violating the Monroe Doctrine, there was nothing the U.S. could do, as it was involved in its own civil war. Affecting Mexico's foreign policy, both sides, the Union and the Confederacy, were looking for international recognition as well. The Juárez administration was ideologically closer to the Union, but geographically Mexico shared a large border with the Confederacy. In 1861, the then-U.S. President Abraham Lincoln named Thomas Corwin as his minister for Mexico and instructed him to neutralize the Mexican aid given to the Confederates; he successfully achieved this mission. Once the civil war ended, then-Secretary of State William Seward declared that the French invasion in Mexico was harmful to the friendship between France and the U.S., and Washington provided financial aid to Benito Juárez, who successfully expelled the French in 1867.

Lasting for seven years, the 1910 Mexican Revolution ended the rule of the dictator-president Porfirio Díaz. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Díaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election Francisco I. Madero. After the war, the various groups that made up the revolutionary forces splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Díaz —leading to a civil war. The U.S. intervened in the conflict, including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador, Henry Lane Wilson, in the plotting of the 1913 coup d'état which overthrew Madero.

First ladies Paloma Cordero of Mexico (left) and Nancy Reagan of the United States (right) with U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, John Gavin observing the damage done by the earthquake.

The 1917 Constitution of Mexico caused several problems with the British and American transnational oil companies mainly derived from the article 27, which declares that "the wealth contained in the soil, the subsoil, the waters and seas of Mexico belongs to the Nation; the right to land ownership and to exploit the subsoil may therefore only be granted by the Nation." Due to foreign pressure, the implementation of the article was continuously ignored by the government until March 18, 1938, when then-President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized the oil industry. PEMEX replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, as well as an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.

During the Cold War, demonstrating independence from the United States, Mexico supported the Cuban government during the 1960s, the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua during the late 1970s, and leftist revolutionary groups in El Salvador during the 1980s.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994, which led to the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries. The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries. The free trade agreement has been increasingly opposed by Mexican and U.S. farmers, with many groups and the political left presenting that it hurts the interest of traditional, small and local farmers in both countries. Allegations of violations of labor and environmental laws have been considered by the trilateral institutions. The Bush Administration argued that NAFTA had had modest positive impacts on all three member countries, but Mexican farmers have strongly criticized the effects of the agreement as they have become overshadowed by the large corporations benefiting from NAFTA. Notable bilateral trade disputes relate to trucking, tuna, sweeteners and anti-dumping measures. Currently, the United States is the number one destination for Mexican exports. The U.S. also exports more goods into Mexico than any other country in the world.

Migration, border security and trade issues have dominated the bilateral relationship in recent years. In September 2006, Congress approved the Secure Fence Act of 2006 (P.L. 109–367) to authorize the construction of a border fence and other barriers along 700 miles of the U.S.-Mexico border. In March 2009, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton officially visited Mexico to discuss issues of concern for both countries, specifically the ones related to drug trafficking and U.S. financial support in the Mexican drug war. Another persistent and growing problem is the international parental kidnapping of children to Mexico by non-custodial parents and family members. Mexico is the most common destination for parents that have abducted their children across international borders with the vast majority of those children coming from the United States.

 Uruguay February 22, 1831 See Mexico–Uruguay relations
 Venezuela 1842 See Mexico–Venezuela relations

Historically the two countries have had good diplomatic relations. Ever since both countries became important players in the oil industry, some competitive tensions arose, eventually leading to disputes after Mexico signed an agreement to join NAFTA. During President Vicente Fox's term, relations between the two countries became critically strained to the point of recalling one another's ambassadors. It has been clear that diplomatic ties between both countries are not indefinitely severed, in recent years numerous groups, both in Mexico and Venezuela are working to restore the diplomatic relationship between the two countries, as they are of strategic economic and cultural importance. In August 2007, after two years of diplomatic absence in either country, normal relations were re-established with the appointment of former foreign minister Roy Chaderton as Venezuela's envoy in Mexico City and the transfer of Jesús Mario Chacón Carrillo, formerly Mexican ambassador to Colombia, to Caracas. Both countries are founding members of the Latin American Integration Association.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Mexico City.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan June 27, 1961 See Afghanistan–Mexico relations

The Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in the United States was accredited to Mexico until it closed on March 16, 2022, in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.

Mexico is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.

 Armenia January 14, 1992 See Armenia–Mexico relations
 Azerbaijan January 14, 1992 See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Baku.
 Bahrain August 5, 1975
  • Bahrain is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in Manama.
 Bangladesh 1975 See Bangladesh–Mexico relations
  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy New Delhi, India.
 Bhutan
  • Both nations have not established diplomatic relations.
 Brunei October 2, 1991
  • Brunei is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Mexico is accredited to Brunei from its embassy in Singapore.
 Cambodia September 1976
  • Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
 China 1972 See China–Mexico relations
President Enrique Peña Nieto with President of China Xi Jinping

Mexico and the People's Republic of China established relations amidst tensions in 1972, and in recent years have seen an intense export rivalry over the United States market, with the Mexican government having accused the Chinese of impinging on its export territory by flooding the US with cheap goods manufactured in low-wage factories.

In 2005, Chinese President Hu Jintao came to Mexico promising increased investment in industries like automobile-parts manufacture and mineral exportation. In July 2008, Mexican President Felipe Calderón reciprocated with a visit to Beijing in a bid to improve bilateral trade. Nevertheless, China has focussed more on South American commodity producers such as Brazil and Chile to meet this end and fuel its chiefly-export economy.

 East Timor September 26, 2003 See East Timor–Mexico relations
  • East Timor is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to East Timor from its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia and maintains an honorary consulate in Dili.
 Georgia June 8, 1992 See Georgia-Mexico relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey
 India August 1, 1950 See India–Mexico relations
President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh.

Under the Fox administration, several visits and bilateral meetings occurred concerning diverse areas such as economy, technology and culture. In April 2004, the "Group of Friendship Mexico-India" was established at the LIX Legislature. To promote a major rapprochement with India, then-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Luis Ernesto Derbez met with his Indian counterpart in mid-2004 in Washington, D.C., and officially visited New Delhi in August, where both ministers agreed to celebrate the IV Binational Commission, formerly suspended in 1996, with the aim of strengthening the bilateral agenda. In May 2007, India and Mexico signed the "Bilateral Investment Protection Agreement" (BIPA) to strengthen their trading relations, with proximity to the U.S., the joint ventures would enable Indian companies to increase their presence in the world's biggest market, taking advantage of Mexico's membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Relationship with India was tightened by visit of Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in 2016 June. This visit was visit of Indian prime minister after a long time of 30 years. This time Mexico also supported India to join Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).

 Indonesia 1953 See Indonesia–Mexico relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran October 15, 1964 See Iran–Mexico relations
Mexican First Lady Carmen Romano and President José López Portillo accompanying Iranian Queen Consort Tadj ol-Molouk in Mexico City; 1978.

The first diplomatic relations between Mexico and Persia (modern-day Iran) date back to 1889, although cooperation and trade between the two friend nations was not formally established until 1937. Mexico and Iran have enjoyed increasingly close political and economic relations over the years, growing with the volume of bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The two countries aim to expand cooperation in several sectors, sharing science and technology, particularly in the oil industry. Both countries have also shared successful experiences in cultural cooperation and exchange. In 2008, an agreement to form a Mexico-Iran parliamentary friendship group was made at the Mexican parliament.

 Iraq September 25, 1950 See Iraq–Mexico relations
  • Iraq has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
 Israel January 1950 See Israel–Mexico relations

Mexico recognized the State of Israel in January 1950. In 2000, a free trade agreement was signed between the two nations.

 Japan 1888 See Japan–Mexico relations
President Enrique Peña Nieto and Prime Minister Shinzō Abe at a press conference during an official visit to Japan by President Peña Nieto in April 2013.

The Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation concluded in 1888 between the two countries was Japan's first "equal" treaty with a foreign country. In 1897, the 35 members of the so-called Enomoto Colonization Party settle in the Mexican state of Chiapas to grow coffee, this was the first organized emigration from Japan to Latin America. Former Mexican President Álvaro Obregón was awarded Japan's Order of the Chrysanthemum at a special ceremony in Mexico City. On November 27, 1924, Baron Shigetsuma Furuya, Special Ambassador from Japan to Mexico, conferred the honor on Obregón. It was reported that this had been the first time that the Order had been conferred outside the Imperial family. In 1952, Mexico becomes the second country to ratify the San Francisco Peace Treaty, preceded only by the United Kingdom. On September 17, 2004, Mexico and Japan signed a free trade agreement, formally known as the "Agreement Between Japan and the United Mexican States for the Strengthening of the Economic Partnership", which went into effect in April 2005. This was one among many historic steps led by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to strengthen global economic stability. As a result, in 2007 Mexico became Japan's largest trading partner in Latin America. Over sixty treaties and agreements have been signed between the two countries, standing out the ones related to technological and scientific cooperation, several academic and cultural exchanges, as well as an increasing inter-parliamentary dialogue. Mexico currently enjoys very good social and economic relations with Japan and is major center of Japanese investment. Japan has invested heavily in the Mexican industrial, automotive, technology and manufacturing sectors. As of 2012, it was estimated that Japanese companies employed over one million workers in Mexico just in the automotive and technology manufacturing industries.

 Jordan July 9, 1975 See Jordan–Mexico relations
  • Jordan has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Amman.
 Kazakhstan January 14, 1992 See Kazakhstan–Mexico relations
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kazakhstan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey and maintains an honorary consulate in Almaty.
 Kuwait July 23, 1975 See Kuwait–Mexico relations
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 Kyrgyzstan January 14, 1992
  • Kyrgyzstan is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kyrgyzstan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Laos September 9, 1976
  • Laos is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Mexico is accredited to Laos from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Lebanon June 12, 1945 See Lebanon–Mexico relations

Mexico was among the first nations to recognize Lebanon's independence in 1943. Mexico was a popular destination during the Lebanese diaspora. There is a significant population of Lebanese descent in Mexico, nearing half a million people, many of which travel to and support business with Lebanon. The Centro Libanés and "Club Deportivo Libanés" in Mexico City are important symbols representing the historically cultural and social ties between both countries.

  • Lebanon has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Beirut.

See also: Lebanese immigration to Mexico

 Malaysia March 27, 1974 See Malaysia–Mexico relations

Relations between the two countries was established on March 27, 1974.

  • Malaysia has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
 Maldives November 15, 1975
  • Maldives does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Maldives from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
 Mongolia September 24, 1975 See Mexico–Mongolia relations

In October 2001, Mexican President Vicente Fox paid an official visit to Mongolia.

  • Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea and maintains an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar.
  • Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Myanmar October 1976
  • Mexico is accredited to Myanmar from its embassy in Singapore.
  • Myanmar is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
   Nepal 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in Kathmandu.
  • Nepal is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 North Korea September 4, 1980 See Mexico–North Korea relations
  • The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its embassy in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
 Oman July 31, 1975 See Mexico–Oman relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Oman from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in Muscat.
  • Oman is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Pakistan January 19, 1955 See Mexico–Pakistan relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran and has honorary consulates in Karachi and Lahore.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Palestine 1975 See Mexico–Palestine relations
  • Mexico has a representative office in Ramallah.
  • Palestine has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Philippines April 14, 1953 See Mexico–Philippines relations

Mexico and the Philippines share a myriad of traditions and customs derived from historical ties established over 450 years ago. Their common history dates back to the time when both countries were part of New Spain. Mexican money financed the expedition known as Legazpi exploration, under the command of King Philip II of Spain. During the Mexican administration of the Philippines, other than General Legazpi, all of the governor-generals were born in Mexico. Due to the grand exchange with the Philippines in those days, many cultural traits were adopted by one another, with Mexicans remaining in the Philippines, and Filipinos establishing in Mexico, particularly the central west coast, near the port town of Acapulco. Many Nahuatl words were adopted and popularized in the Philippines, such as Tianggui (market fair) and Zapote (a fruit). After the colonial period, the first official contacts of Mexico with the Philippines were established in 1842, when a Mexican Representation was opened in Manila. With the assignment of Mexican Diplomat Evaristo Butler Hernandez in the Philippines in 1878. The Independence of the Philippines brought forth a new era of relations between these countries. Mexico dispatched an envoy to participate in the festivities to celebrate the birth of the Southeast Asian nation. Diplomatic ties between both countries were formalized on April 14, 1953. The year of 1964 was decreed the "Year of Philippine-Mexican Friendship" to celebrate the Fourth Centennial of the Expedition of Miguel López de Legazpi. In modern day, the conquest of the Philippines is seen as a Spanish initiative, while Mexico is viewed as a country of historical link and friendship, and several groups intend on strengthening the bond between the two countries.

 Qatar June 30, 1975 See Mexico–Qatar relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Saudi Arabia September 12, 1952 See Mexico–Saudi Arabia relations
 Singapore August 9, 1965 See Mexico–Singapore relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Singapore.
  • Singapore is accredited to Mexico with a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore and maintains an honorary consulate-general in Mexico City.
 South Korea January 26, 1962 See Mexico–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Seoul.
  • See also: Koreans in Mexico
 Sri Lanka April 19, 1960 See Mexico–Sri Lanka relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Syria August 20, 1950 See Mexico–Syria relations

Mexico and Syria established diplomatic relations on August 20, 1950.

  • Mexico is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Syria does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
 Taiwan 1972 See Mexico–Taiwan relations
  • Mexico has a liaison office in Taipei known as the "Mexican Trade Services, Documentation and Cultural Office".
  • Taiwan has a liaison office in Mexico City known as the "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico" (Oficina Económica y Cultural de Taipei en México).
 Tajikistan January 14, 1992
  • Mexico is accredited to Tajikistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
  • Tajikistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
 Thailand August 28, 1975 See Mexico–Thailand relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Turkey 1927 See Mexico–Turkey relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Both countries are members of OECD, G20 and WTO.
  • Flights from Istanbul to Mexico City and Cancún were launched in August 2019.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 1,3 billion USD USD in 2019 (Mexican exports/imports: 678/602 million USD.
  • Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Mexico City.
 Turkmenistan 1992
  • Mexico is accredited to Turkmenistan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Turkmenistan is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 United Arab Emirates September 12, 1975 See Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United Arab Emirates began on September 12, 1975.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Uzbekistan January 14, 1992
  • Mexico is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
  • Uzbekistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
 Vietnam 1975 See Mexico–Vietnam relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Yemen March 2, 1976
  • Mexico is accredited to Yemen from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and maintains an honorary consulate in Sana'a.
  • Yemen is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.

Europe

Mexico was the first Latin American country to sign a partnership agreement with the European Union (EU), in 1997, composed by 15 members at the time. The agreement entered into force in July 2000 and has considerably strengthened bilateral relations between the two partners. It governs all relations between them, including a regular high-level political dialogue, and shared values such as democracy and human rights.

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania October 15, 1974 See Albania–Mexico relations

Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Albania on October 15, 1974. Shortly thereafter Mexico opened a resident embassy in Tirana, however the embassy was closed in 1979.

  • Albania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., USA.
  • Mexico is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.
 Andorra May 5, 1995 See Andorra–Mexico relations
  • Andorra is accredited to Mexico from its embassy based in New York City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain and maintains an honorary consulate in Andorra la Vella.
 Austria July 30, 1842 See Austria–Mexico relations

During the French intervention in Mexico and subsequently the Second Mexican Empire between 1864 and 1867; with French backing, Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.

In 1938, Mexico became the only country to protest against the anschluss of Austria at the League of Nations. During World War II, Austria was part of the German Reich and in May 1942 Mexico declared war on Germany after the destruction of two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico by German U-boats. After the war, normal relations were restored between the two nations.

As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America. The same year, the President of Austria Heinz Fischer visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.

  • Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Vienna.
 Belarus January 1992 See Belarus–Mexico relations

Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1992.

  • Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia and maintains an honorary consulate in Minsk.
 Belgium 1836 See Belgium–Mexico relations

In 1836, Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico. In 1919, the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established. Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on June 5, 1954.

  • Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina August 15, 2001
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
 Bulgaria January 6, 1938 See Bulgaria–Mexico relations
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary and maintains an honorary consulate in Sofia.
 Croatia December 6, 1992 See Croatia–Mexico relations
  • Croatia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., USA and has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Budapest, Hungary and has honorary consulates in Split and Zagreb.
 Cyprus February 21, 1974 See Cyprus–Mexico relations
  • Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Nicosia.
 Czech Republic 1922 See Czech Republic–Mexico relations
 Denmark 1827 See Denmark–Mexico relations
  • Denmark is Mexico's largest investor and trade partner among the Nordic countries. Diplomatic relations began in 1827 with a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation.
  • Denmark has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Copenhagen.
 Estonia January 28, 1937 See Estonia–Mexico relations
 Finland November 11, 1949 See Finland–Mexico relations
  • Finland has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Helsinki.
 France November 26, 1826 See France–Mexico relations
Peña Nieto at the Élysée Palace with French President Emmanuel Macron, 2017.

The independence of Mexico was recognized de jure by France until 1830. The first official contacts concerned trading, in 1827 an agreement signed in Paris established that both countries and its citizens would enjoy a privileged position reciprocally, which included complaints and demands related to the damages suffered during the war from French citizens living in Mexico, the Mexican Congress refused to ratify it. then-French Foreign Minister Louis-Mathieu Molé sent an ultimatum urging the Mexican government to pay off its debts, due to economic instability, refused to do so. In 1838, a French pastry cook, Monsieur Remontel, claimed his shop in the Tacubaya district of Mexico City had been ruined by looting Mexican officers in 1828, he appealed to French King Louis-Philippe. Coming to its citizen's aid, France demanded MXN$600,000 in damages. When the payment was not forthcoming from then-President Anastasio Bustamante, Louis-Philippe sent a fleet to declare a blockade of all Mexican ports from Yucatán Peninsula to the Rio Grande, and to seize the Port of Veracruz, which led to an armed conflict known as the Pastry War. British diplomat Richard Pakenham offered his mediation, after several negotiations, Mexico was eventually forced to pay the initially demanded MXN$600,000 and burdensome compensations.

In 1861, the liberals won the War of Reform, however, it left the treasury depleted. Trade was stagnant, and foreign creditors were demanding full repayment of Mexican debts, Juárez proceeded to declare a moratorium on all foreign debt repayments. France, Great Britain and Spain decided to launch a joint occupation of the Mexican Gulf coast to force repayment. The Spanish and British quickly figured out that Juárez fully intended to pay the debts when he could, so they withdrew. They also realized that the French had other intentions, indicated by the arrival of reinforcements, and had no desire to help France achieve its ambitions, which led to a military intervention, encouraged by the defeated conservatives. When the French entered Mexico City in mid-1863, the conservatives quickly invited Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria to accept the Mexican crown, who agreed believing that this act responded to the desire of a majority of Mexicans. However, once the conservatives understood Maximilian's democratic sentiments and anticlerical attitudes, began withdrawing their support. When the American Civil War ended, the U.S. made its Monroe Doctrine valid and intervened by providing military and financial aid to Juárez. Meanwhile, in Europe, France was increasingly threatened by a belligerent Prussia and, by 1866, Napoleon III began recalling his troops stationed in Mexico. Conservative forces switched sides and began supporting the Mexican liberals. United resumed their campaign on February 19, 1867, and on May 15, Maximilian surrendered. He was tried and, on Juárez's orders, was executed on June 19. After an exhaustive process, diplomatic relations were reestablished in 1880, leaving behind claims related to the war.

Emmanuel Macron, Enrique Peña Nieto and José Ángel Gurría at the G20 Leaders Summit 2017.

Both nations had an international dispute over the island of Clipperton, which had been under Mexican occupation, but claimed by the Foreign Ministry of France. In 1931 both nations agreed to abide to the arbitration of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, who declared it a French territory.

When the Fourth Republic collapsed in 1958, Mexico was the first country that recognized the Fifth Republic founded by General Charles de Gaulle. In subsequent years, both countries coordinated actions and released a communiqué that supported the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) during the Salvadoran Civil War. Recently, President Nicolas Sarkozy paid a state visit in March 2009, however, controversy over the Florence Cassez case, a Frenchwoman convicted of kidnapping in Mexico sentenced to 60 years in jail, overshadowed the bilateral agenda. Backed by the "Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons", Sarkozy persuaded the Mexican government to allow Cassez to serve out her sentence in France, however, public opinion in Mexico strongly opposes under the suspicion that once home, she would quickly be released from jail. A bilateral commission was established to handle the case. Meanwhile, speaking at the National Palace in Mexico City, Sarkozy praised Calderón for Mexico's "courageous and determined" battle against drug cartels and urged the Congress to reform the Constitution in order to allow the Mexican military to collaborate with the United Nations in peacekeeping missions. Supported by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, Sarkozy has previously expressed that the G8 would benefit from a permanent enlargement that includes the +5 countries.

  • France has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Monterrey.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Paris and a liaison office in Strasbourg.

See also: French immigration to Mexico

 Germany 1823 See Germany–Mexico relations
Gerhard Schröder in Los Pinos with President Fox.

Alexander von Humboldt's reports on his trip to then-New Spain back in the early 19th century heralded the start of Germany's interest in Mexico. Commercial links were quickly established through the signing of the "Treaty of Commerce and Navigation" between Mexico and Hamburg in 1823. Due to increasing investment, six years later, Prussia sent Carl Koppe as its first general consul and first representative in the newborn nation. During the administration of dictator Porfirio Díaz, commercial ties significantly strengthened.

In January 1917, Britain's secret Royal Navy cryptanalytic group, Room 40, intercepted a proposal from Berlin, the Zimmermann Telegram, to Mexico to join the Great War as Germany's ally against the United States, should the U.S. join. The proposal suggested, if the U.S. were to enter the war, Mexico should declare war against the U.S. and enlist Japan as an ally. This would prevent the U.S. from joining the Allies and deploying troops to Europe, and would give Germany more time for their unrestricted submarine warfare program to strangle Britain's vital war supplies. In return, the Germans would promise Mexico support in reclaiming Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. When the U.S. entered the war on April 2, 1917, eleven days later then-President Venustiano Carranza not only turned down the proposition but also declared neutrality.

Nearly 25,000 Mennonites of German ancestry immigrated from Canada to Mexico and settled in the states of Chihuahua and Durango in 1922, their agricultural centers still contribute to the economy of the region. After the establishment of Nazi Germany, Mexico received hundreds of asylum seekers, standing out important figures such as Egon Erwin Kisch, Anna Seghers and Paul Westheim. During the Second World War, the Axis Powers sank two Mexican oil tankers such as Faja de Oro and Potrero de Llano, despite Mexico's neutrality. This attacks were enough to make Mexico enter the world conflict. In 1952, diplomatic relations between the two countries were officially reestablished.

In 1964, the foundation of Volkswagen in Puebla, Mexico, best represents the foreign investment from Germany; specifically, the Volkswagen Beetle, informally called "vocho", is commonly seen as a symbol of Germany in the country. In contemporary times, Germany is viewed as a privileged partner in Europe, from whom economic, political and cultural engagement in Mexico is expected. Bilateral relations are being intensified in all areas based on a "Joint Declaration" between the two countries' Foreign Ministries signed in April 2007. Economic ties have been strengthened since the European Union-Mexico Free Trade Agreement went into force in July 2000, Germany has become Mexico's fourth-largest trading partner.

  • Germany has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Berlin, a consulate in Frankfurt and a trade office in Munich.

See also: German immigration to Mexico

 Greece May 17, 1938 See Greece–Mexico relations
 Holy See 1992 See Holy See–Mexico relations
  • Mexico's President Benito Juárez, expelled the Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico in 1861, breaking off diplomatic relations.
  • In 1904 the Holy See assigned an Apostolic Delegate to Mexico. Diplomatic relations were restored in 1992, giving the office of the Apostolic Delegate in Mexico City the status of a nunciature. As of 2012 about 78% of Mexico's population declared themselves Roman Catholics.
  • Holy See has an Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has a resident embassy to the Holy See in Rome.
 Hungary 1864 See Hungary–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Hungary and Mexico were suspended between 1941 and 1974 and re-established on May 14, 1974. The Mexican embassy in Budapest was opened on September 30, 1976.

 Iceland 1960 See Iceland–Mexico relations
 Ireland August 21, 1975 See Ireland–Mexico relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Dublin.

See also: Irish immigration to Mexico and Saint Patrick's Battalion

 Italy December 15, 1874 See Italy–Mexico relations

The first contact between Italy and Mexico was in 1869, just before the end of Italian unification in 1870; when Italy expressed its desire to open a consulate in Mexico. A consulate was opened in Mexico in December 1872, however, diplomatic relations between the two nations were not established until December 15, 1874.

During World War I, Mexico remained neutral because it was involved in its own revolution during the same time. In the 1930s, diplomatic relations between the two nations began to deteriorate when Prime Minister Benito Mussolini invaded and annexed Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1935–1936. Mexico was one of the few countries to vehemently oppose the occupation of Abyssinia by Italian forces. On May 22, 1942, Mexico declared war on the axis powers due to German u-boat attacks on two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico that same year. Diplomatic relations were re-established on June 1, 1946.

In 1997, Mexico signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (which includes Italy). Trade between the two nations totaled just over six billion USD in 2011. Among the products that Mexico exports to Italy are: automobiles and petroleum based products. Italy exports mainly steel products to Mexico. Today, Italy is Mexico's ninth biggest trading partner in the world (third in Europe after Germany and Spain). Mexico is Italy's second biggest trading partner in Latin-America (after Brazil).

 Latvia November 27, 1991 See Latvia–Mexico relations
  • Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Riga.
 Liechtenstein July 1, 1994
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Berne, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.
 Lithuania November 5, 1991 See Lithuania–Mexico relations

Lithuania and Mexico initially established diplomatic relations on May 31, 1938, and signed a Treaty of Friendship in Washington, D.C., United States. Mexico never recognized the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union and condemned the action. On November 5, 1991, Mexico recognized and re-established diplomatic relations with Lithuania. In 2002, President Valdas Adamkus paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President Vicente Fox. In 2008, President Adamkus returned to Mexico for a visit and met with Mexican President Felipe Calderón.

  • Lithuania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
  • Mexico is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Vilnius.
 Luxembourg 1947 See Luxembourg–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and Mexico were established in 1947. In 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Werner paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, Grand Duke Jean paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

  • Luxembourg is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mérida.
  • Mexico is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City.
 Malta October 29, 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta.
 Montenegro June 5, 2007
  • Mexico is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
  • Montenegro is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Moldova January 14, 1992
  • Mexico is accredited in Moldova from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Chișinău.
  • Moldova is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Monaco 1881 See Mexico–Monaco relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
 Netherlands 1827 See Mexico–Netherlands relations
Official visit of Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto to the Netherlands; 2018.

On September 27, 1993, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced The Netherlands – Mexico Tax Treaty and Protocol. The regulations detail the formalities residents of the Netherlands must observe "in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties." In 2008 Mexico and the Netherlands modified their existing tax treaty, initially signed in 1993 to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion.

  • Mexico has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.
 North Macedonia October 4, 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia and maintains an honorary consulate in Skopje.
  • North Macedonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Norway 1906 See Mexico–Norway relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Poland February 26, 1928 See Mexico–Poland relations
 Portugal October 20, 1864 See Mexico–Portugal relations
Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto on a state visit to Portugal meeting with Portuguese President Aníbal Cavaco Silva; 2014.
 Romania July 20, 1935 See Mexico–Romania relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Russia 1890 See Mexico–Russia relations
Vladimir Putin and Ernesto Zedillo, at the Millennium Summit, 2000.

Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1890. In 2010 the 120th anniversary of the ties of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mexico were celebrated.

Mexico was the first country in the Americas to establish relations with the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet politician and leader Leon Trotsky moved to Mexico from Norway during his exile. Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas welcomed him warmly, arranging a special train to bring him to Mexico City from the port of Tampico. In Mexico, Trotsky at one point lived at the home of the painter Diego Rivera, and at another at that of Rivera's wife & fellow painter, Frida Kahlo with whom he had an affair.

Due to its good relations with Russia, Mexico has often purchased military equipment from Russia. The Mexican Navy has received BTR-60's Ural-4320, Mi-17/8's, and anti-aircraft missiles SA-18 Grouse. Much of this equipment remains in service.

 San Marino March 8, 1968
  • Mexico is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in the City of San Marino.
  • San Marino is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in San Marino.
 Serbia 1946 See Mexico–Serbia relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Slovenia 1992 See Mexico–Slovenia relations

Mexico was the first Latin American country to recognize Slovenia after gaining independence on May 22, 1992. Mexican parliament members have praised Slovenia's participation in the eight-country initiative (which includes Mexico) for a world without nuclear weapons and its achievements in the human rights area. Since 1999 both countries have abolished visas as an example of strengthening relations.

  • Mexico is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Slovenia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Slovakia January 1, 1993 See Mexico–Slovakia relations

In November 2017, Slovak President Andrej Kiska paid an official visit to Mexico.

  • Mexico is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Spain December 26, 1836 See Mexico–Spain relations
Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Mexico City; January 2019.

After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was successfully archived in 1521, Mexico became part of the Spanish Empire as the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which lasted until 1821 when the Kingdom of Spain officially recognized the independence of Mexico by signing the Treaty of Córdoba. Ferdinand VII never gave his approval to the treaty signed by Juan O'Donojú, until he died in 1833, serious negotiations started to formalize the independence, the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" was signed on December 28, 1836.

The first decades of Mexico's post-independence period were characterized by economic instability. On July 17, 1861, then-President Benito Juárez's suspension of interest payments to foreign countries angered Mexico's major creditors: Spain, France and Great Britain. Napoleon III was the leader of this operation, and the three powers signed the Treaty of London on October 31 to unite their efforts to receive payments from Mexico. On December 8 the Spanish fleet and troops from Spanish-controlled Cuba arrived at Mexico's main Gulf port, Veracruz. Spain along Great Britain soon withdrew after the signing of the "Treaty of La Soledad", France did not agree with the terms and immediately invaded Mexico.

During the Spanish–American War, Mexico remained neutral to avoid conflicts with the United States and Spain, despite previously having negotiated the eventual annexation of Cuba with Washington. In 1936, the Cárdenas administration declared, in the League of Nations, that "Spain was a victim of foreign aggression and had the right of moral and diplomatic support from the international community". The government decided to openly support the republican forces during the Spanish Civil War. Once the war finished in 1939, Mexico received nearly 30,000 asylum seekers and immediately broke off diplomatic relations with the "Spanish State" under the rule of dictator Francisco Franco.

Since their re-establishment on March 28, 1977, have been strengthened within a modern, legal and institutional framework to promote politic dialogue and cooperation. In January 1990, the "General Treaty of Cooperation and Friendship" was signed to establish a Bilateral Commission. In 2007, President Calderón and Spanish President José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero paid state visits reciprocally and signed a declaration to deepen the strategic association between the two countries. After the European Union-Mexico Free Trade Agreement went into force in July 2000, Spain became Mexico's seventh trading partner and second amongst the European Union members.

 Sweden July 29, 1885 See Mexico–Sweden relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Mexico City.
  Switzerland 1827 See Mexico–Switzerland relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Ukraine January 12, 1992 See Mexico–Ukraine relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Mexico City.
 United Kingdom September 26, 1826 See Mexico–United Kingdom relations

Mexico established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 26 September 1826.

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a proposed Free Trade Agreement, and an Investment Agreement.

Due to rivalry with France and Spain, then-Prime Minister George Canning was interested in recognizing the independence of the newborn nations in the Americas. On June 27, 1824, Canning received Mexican plenipotentiary minister José Mariano Michelena and recognized Mexico as an independent country de facto, and formally on December 30, despite opposition from the British cabinet. United Kingdom was the first country to officially recognize the independence of Mexico.

In subsequent decades, the United Kingdom would persuade other European countries to recognize Mexico, especially Spain, and offer mediation in different international conflicts that involved Mexico in the 19th century such as the Pastry War and the Texas War of Independence. By 1861, Mexico was a country deeply in debt and torn by divisions of the power of the Roman Catholic Church. Mexico's creditors demanded repayment, forcing then-President Benito Juárez to declare a two-year moratorium on foreign debt, which in turn led to a punitive expedition sent by Britain, France and Spain. Juarez successfully negotiated the "Treaty of La Soledad" with the British and Spanish, who soon withdrew. After the Mexican Congress ratified a commercial agreement with the U.S. in 1883, Great Britain showed more interest in reestablish diplomatic relations with Mexico, and quickly did so a couple of years later. Sovereignty over the territory of Belize was historically claimed by Mexico, but the British crown refused to discuss this issue for a long time; however, in 1897, the signing of the "Mariscal-Spencer Treaty" resolved the territorial disputes with the British crown colony.

In 1917, Mexico's newly promulgated Constitution provided, among other things, restrictions on foreign ownership of land and subsoil resources, notably oil. This last provision, included in Article 27, was ominous for American and British investors who had obtained oil-mining concessions. Due to heavy foreign pressure, subsequent governments did not strictly applicate the article, until Lázaro Cárdenas, who on March 18, 1938, fully nationalized the oil-industry. This measure led to protests by the British government questioning the nationalization and Mexico's solvency to execute it. In response, a check, in an amount worth of the demands for nationalization, was sent and diplomatic ties were broken off. PEMEX replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, and an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.

Decades later, several state visits would be reciprocally paid, notably Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 1975. On March 31 – April 1, 2009, President Felipe Calderón officially visited the UK to discuss issues related to modernization of the national oil industry, climate change and strategic cooperation with Prime Minister Gordon Brown, as well as coordinating actions for the G-20 London Summit.

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia March 14, 1966 See Australia–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Australia began on March 14, 1966.

  • Australia has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Mexico has an embassy in Canberra.
  • Both countries are full members of APEC, G-20 and the OECD.
 Fiji August 31, 1975 See Fiji–Mexico relations
  • Fiji is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Fiji from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
 Kiribati October 13, 2005
  • Kiribati does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 Marshall Islands January 28, 1993
  • Marshall Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico
  • Mexico is accredited to the Marshall Islands from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.
 Micronesia September 27, 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to the Federated States of Micronesia from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.
  • Micronesia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Nauru September 21, 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Nauru does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 New Zealand 1973 See Mexico–New Zealand relations
New Zealand Prime Minister John Key on an official visit to Mexico alongside Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto; 2013.

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and New Zealand began in 1973.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Wellington.
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Both countries are members of APEC and the OECD.
 Palau October 17, 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to Palau from its embassy in Manila, Philippines.
  • Palau does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Papua New Guinea May 19, 1976 See Mexico–Papua New Guinea relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Papua New Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Samoa October 21, 2008
  • Mexico is accredited to Samoa from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand and maintains an honorary consulate in Apia.
  • Samoa does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Solomon Islands September 26, 2008
  • Mexico is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Solomon Islands does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Tonga September 26, 2008
  • Mexico is accredited to Tonga from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Tonga is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
 Tuvalu September 27, 2006
  • Mexico is accredited to Tuvalu from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Tuvalu does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Vanuatu October 30, 1986
  • Mexico is accredited to Vanuatu from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • Vanuatu does not have an accreditation to Mexico.

Multilateral relations

United Nations

Main article: Mexico and the United Nations

Mexico is the tenth largest contributor to the United Nations (UN) regular budgets. Currently, it is a member of eighteen organizations arisen from the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and other specialized organizations of the UN.

The United Nations Security Council.

Mexico has served as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) three times (1946, 1982–83, 2002–03). On October 17, 2008, picking up 185 votes, it was elected to serve as a non-permanent member for the fourth time, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010. Since April 1, Mexico holds the rotative presidency of the UNSC.

In recent years, the need of reforming the UNSC and its working methods has been widely impulsed by Mexico, with the support of Canada, Italy, Pakistan and other nine countries. And have formed a movement informally called the Coffee Club, created in the 1990s, which highly opposes to the reform that the Group of Four (G4) suggests.

In line with the Castañeda Doctrine of new openness in Mexico's foreign policy, established in the early first decade of the 21st century, some political parties have proposed an amendment of the Constitution in order to allow the Mexican army, air force or navy to collaborate with the UN in peacekeeping missions.

Organization of American States

Mexican Permanent Mission to the Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington, D.C..

As a founding member of the Organization of American States (OAS), Mexico has actively participated in the intergovernmental organization. Since the creation of the OAS, Mexico always promoted to include more principals related to international cooperation and less military aspects, its position was based on the principles of non-intervention and the pacific resolution of disputes. In addition, Mexico favored the membership of Canada in 1989 and Belize and Guatemala in 1991.

In 1964, under U.S. pressure, the OAS required all member countries to break off diplomatic ties with Cuba. Mexico refused, condemned the Bay of Pigs invasion, and did not support the expulsion of Cuba from the OAS. Years later, Mexico strongly opposed to the creation of a military alliance within the OAS framework, and condemned the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989.

Main article: 2005 Organization of American States Secretary General election

Under the Fox administration, the candidacy of then-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Luis Ernesto Derbez for the Secretary General of the OAS was highly promoted. It eventually failed but brought a diplomatic crisis with Chile and harsh critics from the Mexican public opinion when Derbez had announced that he would no longer compete against José Miguel Insulza but the Mexican delegation abstained despite being previously agreed that it would vote for the Chilean candidate.

Mega-Diverse Countries

The 17 countries identified as Megadiverse by CI.

The megadiverse countries are a group of countries that harbor the majority of the Earth's species and are considered extremely biodiverse and therefore are of utmost priority on the global environmental agenda. Conservation International identified 17 megadiverse countries in 1998, most are located in or have territories in the tropics.

In 2002, Mexico formed a separate organization named Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge. This organization includes a different set of involved megadiverse countries than those identified by Conservation International.

Participation in international organizations

Regional Organizations
International and Multilateral Organizations

Free trade agreements

The Ibero-American Summit, in Veracruz, 2014.

Mexico has negotiated upwards of 60 free trade agreements with various countries. Ordered by date, these include:

Mexico free trade agreements

Entered as a single nation

1:The Bolivian government denounced the Mexico-Bolivia Free Trade Agreement's provisions on investments, services, intellectual property, and government purchases as incompatible with its 2009 constitution on June 7, 2010. In order to maintain free movement of goods between Mexico and Bolivia, the governments of the two countries agreed to replace the free trade agreement with an Economic Complementation Agreement effective on the same date.
2: The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020. Under the terms of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, trade relations between Mexico and the UK continued to be bound by the terms of the Mexico-EU trade agreement for the duration of the UK's withdrawal transition period. On December 15, 2020, in preparation for the UK's final EU withdrawal on December 31, the UK and Mexico signed a temporary Trade Continuity Agreement in order to maintain free trade between the two countries. Negotiations between Mexico and the UK for a new free trade agreement to replace the existing continuity agreement began in July 2022.

Entered as part of a trade bloc

  • 2022: Pacific Alliance-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (2022).

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Main articles: Mexican Drug War and Mérida Initiative

Mexico remains a transit and not a cocaine production country. Methamphetamine and cannabis production do take place in Mexico and are responsible for an estimated 80% of the methamphetamine on the streets in the United States, while 1,100 metric tons of marijuana are smuggled each year from Mexico.

In 1990 just over half the cocaine imported into the U.S. came through Mexico, by 2007 that had risen to more than 90 percent, according to U.S. State Department estimates. Although violence between drug cartels has been occurring long before the war began, the government used its police forces in the 1990s and early first decade of the 21st century with little effect. That changed on December 11, 2006, when newly elected President Felipe Calderón sent 6,500 federal troops to the state of Michoacán to put an end to drug violence there. This action is regarded as the first major retaliation made against cartel operations, and is generally viewed as the starting point of the war between the government and the drug cartels. As time progressed, Calderón continued to escalate his anti-drug campaign, in which there are now well over 25,000 troops involved. It is estimated that during 2006, there were about 2,000 drug-related violent deaths, about 2,300 deaths during 2007, and more than 6,200 people by the end of 2008. Many of the dead were gang members killed by rivals or by the government, some have been bystanders.

Drug trafficking is acknowledged as an issue with shared responsibilities that requires coordinated measures by the U.S. and Mexico. In March 2009, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, when officially visited Mexico City, stated that:

Our insatiable demand for illegal drugs fuels the drug trade. Our inability to prevent weapons from being illegally smuggled across the border to arm these criminals causes the deaths of police officers, soldiers and civilians.

Illegal migration

Main article: Illegal immigration to the United States

Almost a third of all immigrants in the U.S. were born in Mexico, being the source of the greatest number of both authorized (20%) and unauthorized (56%) migrants who come to the U.S. every year. Since the early 1990s, Mexican immigrants are no longer concentrated in California, the Southwest, and Illinois, but have been coming to new gateway states, including New York, North Carolina, Georgia, Nevada, and Washington, D.C., in increasing numbers. This phenomenon can be mainly attributed to poverty in Mexico, the growing demand for unskilled labor in the U.S., the existence of established family and community networks that allow migrants to arrive in the U.S. with people known to them.

The framework of U.S. immigration law has largely remained the same since 1965. The U.S. economy needs both high-skilled and low-skilled immigrant workers to remain competitive and to have enough workers who continue to pay into Social Security and Medicare as the U.S. population grows older. Nonetheless, there are currently very few channels for immigration to the U.S. for work-related reasons under current law. Furthermore, Amnesty International has taken concern regarding the excessive brutality inflicted upon illegal immigrants, which includes beatings, sexual assault, denial of medical attention, and denial of food, water and warmth for long periods.

For many years, the Mexican government showed limited interest in the issues. However, former President Vicente Fox actively sought to recognize the contribution of migrants to the U.S. and Mexico and to pursue a bilateral migration agreement with the U.S. government, which eventually failed. The current administration has placed an emphasis on how to create jobs in Mexico, enhance border security, and protect Mexican citizens living abroad.

Traditionally, Mexico built a reputation as one of the classic asylum countries, with a varying attitude toward refugees from Spain and other European countries before and during World War II, from Latin America's Southern Cone in the 1970s, and from Central America since the beginning of the 1980s. However, in recent years refugees who solicit asylum are usually treated as if they were just immigrants, with exhaustive administrative processes. The southern border of Mexico has experienced a significant increase in legal and illegal flows over the past decade, in particular for migrants seeking to transit Mexico to reach the U.S. José Luis Soberanes, president of the National Human Rights Commission, condemned the repressing policy implemented by the Mexican government against illegal immigrants who cross the country's southern border. President Calderón modified the "General Law on Population" to derogate some penalties against immigrants like jail time, instead imposing fines of up to US$500 on illegal immigrants.

See also

Diplomacy

Policy and Doctrine

Footnotes

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References

  • Pereña-García, Mercedes (2001). Las Relaciones Diplomáticas de México. Plaza y Valdés, p. 94. ISBN 968-856-917-8.
  • Velázquez Flores, Rafael (2007). Factores, Bases y Fundamentos de la Política Exterior de México. Plaza y Valdés, p. 331. ISBN 970-722-473-8.
  • Alponte, Juan María (1993). La Política Exterior de México en el Nuevo Orden Mundial : Antología de Principios y Tesis. FCE, p. 428. ISBN 968-16-4167-1.
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  • Lajous Vargas, Roberta (2000) Los Retos de la Política Exterior de México en el Siglo XXI. SRE, p. 560. ISBN 968-810-621-6.
  • El Colegio de México (2007). Historia General de México: Versión 2000. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos, p. 1103. ISBN 968-12-0969-9.
  • Selee, Andrew D. (2007). More Than Neighbors: An Overview of Mexico and U.S.-Mexican Relations. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, p. 43. ISBN 1-933549-26-2.

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