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{{Short description|Flexor muscle in humans that dorsiflexes the foot on the talocrural joint.}}
{{Infobox muscle {{Infobox muscle
| Name = Tibialis anterior muscle | Name = Tibialis anterior muscle
| Latin = musculus tibialis anterior | Latin = musculus tibialis anterior
⚫ | Image = Tibialis.png
| GraySubject = 129
| GrayPage = 480 | Caption = Tibialis anterior
⚫ | Image2 = Tibialis anterior muscle - animation.gif
| Image = Gray1240.png
| Caption2 = Animation
| Caption = Lateral aspect of right leg.
| Origin = From the upper 1/2 or 2/3 of the lateral surface of the ] and the adjacent interosseous membrane
⚫ | Image2 = Tibialis.png
⚫ | Insertion = ] and the base of ] bone of the ]
⚫ | Caption2 = Tibialis anterior
| Origin = ] | Blood = ]
⚫ | Nerve = ] ('''L5''')
⚫ | Insertion = ] and ] bones of the ]
⚫ | Action = ] and ] of the foot
| Blood = ]
⚫ | Antagonist = ], ], ], ], ]
⚫ | Nerve = ] ('''L5''')
| pronunciation = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɪ|b|i|ˈ|eɪ|l|ᵻ|s|}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɪ|b|i|ˈ|æ|l|ᵻ|s|}}
⚫ | Action = ] and ] of the foot
⚫ | Antagonist = ], ], ], ], ]
| DorlandsPre = m_22
| DorlandsSuf = 12551168
}} }}
In human anatomy, the '''tibialis anterior''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɪ|b|i|'|eɪ|l|ɨ|s|}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɪ|b|i|'|æ|l|ɨ|s|}}) is a ] that originates in the upper two-thirds of the ] (outside) surface of the ] and inserts into the medial ] and first ] bones of the ]. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin. The '''tibialis anterior muscle''' is a ] of the ] of the lower leg. It originates from the upper portion of the ]; it inserts into the medial ] and first ] bones of the ]. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin.


It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. The tibialis anterior overlaps the ] vessels and deep ] in the upper part of the leg. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. The tibialis anterior overlaps the ] vessels and ] in the upper part of the leg.


== Structure == ==Structure==
The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the ].<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Ma |first=Yun-tao |title=CHAPTER 14 - General Principles of Treating Soft Tissue Dysfunction in Sports Injuries |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437709278000142 |work=Acupuncture for Sports and Trauma Rehabilitation |pages=212–233 |editor-last=Ma |editor-first=Yun-tao |access-date=2021-03-01 |place=Saint Louis |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0927-8.00014-2 |isbn=978-1-4377-0927-8}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=August 2023}}
It arises from the ] and upper half or two-thirds of the lateral surface of the ]; from the adjoining part of the ]; from the deep surface of the fascia; and from the ] between it and the ].


The fibers of this fusiform muscle are relatively parallel to the plane on insertion, ending in a ], apparent on the anteriomedial dorsal aspect of the foot close to the ankle. The muscle ends in a ] which is apparent on the anteriomedial dorsal aspect of the foot close to the ankle.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} Its tendon is ensheathed in a synovial sheath. The tendon passes through the medial compartment ] and ].'''<ref name=":02" />'''


=== Origin ===
After passing through the most medial compartments of the ] and ]s, it is inserted into the medial and under surface of the ] and the base of the ] bone.
The tibialis anterior muscle arises from the upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia and<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Baldry|first1=P. E.|title=Chapter 18 - Pain in the lower limb|date=2005-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044306644350022X|work=Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain (Third Edition)|pages=315–324|editor-last=Baldry|editor-first=P. E.|place=Edinburgh|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-044306644-3.50022-x|isbn=978-0-443-06644-3|access-date=2021-03-01|last2=Thompson|first2=John W.|editor2-last=Thompson|editor2-first=John W.}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=August 2023}} the adjoining part of the ] and deep fascia overlying it,'''<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= Elsevier Australia|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=144}}</ref>''' and the ] between this muscle and the ].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


=== Innervation === === Insertion ===
It is inserted into the medial and inferior surface of the ], and adjacent portion of the ].<ref name=":02" />'
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve, branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5, S1).

===Nerve supply===
The tibialis anterior muscle is innervated by the ], and recurrent genicular nerve (L4).<ref name=":02" />


=== Variation === === Variation ===
⚫ A deep portion of the muscle is rarely inserted into the ], or a tendinous slip may pass to the head of the first metatarsal bone or the base of the first phalanx of the ].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

⚫ A deep portion of the muscle is rarely inserted into the ], or a tendinous slip may pass to the head of the first metatarsal bone or the base of the first phalanx of the ].


The tibiofascialis anterior, a small muscle from the lower part of the tibia to the transverse or ]s or ].{{Clarify|date=February 2011}} The tibiofascialis anterior, a small muscle from the lower part of the tibia to the transverse or ]s or ].{{Clarify|date=February 2011}}

=== Actions/movements ===
The muscle acts to ] and invert the foot.<ref name=":02" /> It is the largest dorsiflexor of the foot.<ref name=":1" /> The muscle also contributes to deceleration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=10 Incredible Tibialis Raise Benefits |url=https://a1athlete.com/tibialis-raise-benefits/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=August 2023}}


== Function == == Function ==
The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the ]. The tibialis anterior is responsible for ] and inverting the foot. The muscle has two origins, one being the lateral tibial condyle and the other being the upper lateral surface of the tibia, and inserts on the medial surface of the medial cuneiform and adjoining part of base of the first metatarsal of the foot allowing the toe to be pulled up and held in a locked position. It also allows for the ankle to be inverted giving the ankle horizontal movement allowing for some cushion if the ankle were to be rolled. It is innervated by the ] and acts as both an antagonist and a synergist of the ]. However, the most accurate antagonist of the tibialis anterior is the ]. The tibialis anterior aides in the activities of walking, running, hiking, kicking a ball, or any activity that requires moving the leg or keeping the leg vertical. It functions to stabilize the ankle as the foot hits the ground during the contact phase of ] (eccentric contraction) and acts later to pull the foot clear of the ground during the swing phase (concentric contraction). It also functions to 'lock' the ankle, as in toe-kicking a ball, when held in an isometric contraction. The muscle helps maintain the ].'''<ref name=":02" />''' It draws up and holds the toe in a locked position. The tibialis anterior aids in any activity that requires moving the leg or keeping the leg vertical. It functions to stabilize the ankle as the foot hits the ground during the contact phase of ] (eccentric contraction) and acts later to pull the foot clear of the ground during the swing phase (concentric contraction). It also functions to 'lock' the ankle, as in toe-kicking a ball, when held in an isometric contraction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Uzun |first1=Bora |last2=Taylan |first2=Orçun |last3=Gültekin |first3=Barış |last4=Havıtçıoğlu |first4=Hasan |date=2011-05-01 |title=Dynamic measurements of musculus tibialis anterior ligaments with different angles |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929011001138 |journal=Journal of Biomechanics |series=Abstracts of the Fifth International Participated National Biomechanics Congress |language=en |volume=44 |pages=2 |doi=10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.021 |issn=0021-9290}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=August 2023}}


⚫ The movements of tibialis anterior are ] and ] of the ankle. However, actions of tibialis anterior are dependent on whether the foot is ] or not (closed or open kinetic chain). When the foot is on the ground, the muscle helps to balance the leg and talus on the other tarsal bones so that the leg is kept vertical even when walking on uneven ground.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
Antagonists are ] of the posterior compartment such as ] and ].


== Clinical significance ==
⚫ Essentially, the movements of tibialis anterior are ] and ] of the ankle. However, actions of tibialis anterior are dependent on whether the foot is ] or not (closed or open kinetic chain). When the foot is on the ground the muscle helps to balance the leg and talus on the other tarsal bones so that the leg is kept vertical even when walking on uneven ground.
A '''tibialis anterior hernia''' is a rare type of ] in which fat or other material protrudes through a defect in the tibialis anterior muscle.<ref name="hernia"> {{cite journal |title=Tibialis anterior muscle hernia: rare but not uncommon |year=2016|pmc=5174854|last1=Hullur|first1=H.|last2=Salem|first2=Y.|last3=Al Khalifa|first3=J.|last4=Salem|first4=A.|journal=BMJ Case Reports|volume=2016|pages=bcr2016217569|doi=10.1136/bcr-2016-217569|pmid=27999130}}</ref> It may be caused by trauma, such as an inadvertent kick to the lower leg from an opposing player in a ] match.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


== Additional images == == Additional images ==
medial view of dissected ankle has two muscles

<gallery> <gallery>
File:Gray258.png|Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface. File:Gray1240.png|Lateral aspect of right leg.
⚫ File:Tibialis anterior 2.png|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Gray269.png|Bones of the right foot. Plantar surface.
⚫ File:Braus 1921 293.png|Cross-section through top third and second third of right leg.
File:Tibialis anterior 2.png|Anatomical terms of motion
⚫ File:Gray440_color.png|Cross-section through middle of leg.
File:Gray442.png|The sheaths of the tendons around the ankle. Medial aspect.
File:Gray1241.png|The sheaths of the tendons around the ankle. Lateral aspect.
⚫ File:Slide3dddd.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide2DDDDD.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide9DDDD.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle File:Slide9DDDD.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide2WIKI.JPG|Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view *This has some structures labelled incorrectly e.g. tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and cuboid bone
File:Slide5RRRR.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide11RRRR.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide13WWWW.JPG|Tibialis anterior muscle
File:Slide1ABBAA.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Deep dissection.
File:Slide2ABBAA.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Deep dissection.
File:Slide3Bubu.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
File:Slide2bubu.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
File:Slide2cece.JPG|Dorsum and sole of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
File:Slide2wewe.JPG|Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Medial view
File:Slide2WIKI.JPG|Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view
</gallery> </gallery>

== See also ==

* ]


== References == == References ==
{{Gray's}} {{Gray's}}
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Commons}} {{Commons}}
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|15|st|04|15}} * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|15|st|04|15}}
* http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/tibialis_anterior * from Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics


{{Muscles of lower limb}} {{Muscles of lower limb}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 04:46, 25 October 2024

Flexor muscle in humans that dorsiflexes the foot on the talocrural joint.
Tibialis anterior muscle
Tibialis anterior
Animation
Details
Pronunciation/ˌtɪbiˈeɪlɪs/ or /ˌtɪbiˈælɪs/
OriginFrom the upper 1/2 or 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia and the adjacent interosseous membrane
InsertionMedial cuneiform and the base of first metatarsal bone of the foot
ArteryAnterior tibial artery
NerveDeep fibular (peroneal) nerve (L5)
ActionsDorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
AntagonistFibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior
Identifiers
Latinmusculus tibialis anterior
TA98A04.7.02.037
TA22644
FMA22532
Anatomical terms of muscle[edit on Wikidata]

The tibialis anterior muscle is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the lower leg. It originates from the upper portion of the tibia; it inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin.

It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. The tibialis anterior overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg.

Structure

The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg.

The muscle ends in a tendon which is apparent on the anteriomedial dorsal aspect of the foot close to the ankle. Its tendon is ensheathed in a synovial sheath. The tendon passes through the medial compartment superior and inferior extensor retinacula of the foot.

Origin

The tibialis anterior muscle arises from the upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia and the adjoining part of the interosseous membrane and deep fascia overlying it, and the intermuscular septum between this muscle and the extensor digitorum longus.

Insertion

It is inserted into the medial and inferior surface of the medial cuneiform bone, and adjacent portion of the first metatarsal bone.'

Nerve supply

The tibialis anterior muscle is innervated by the deep fibular nerve, and recurrent genicular nerve (L4).

Variation

A deep portion of the muscle is rarely inserted into the talus, or a tendinous slip may pass to the head of the first metatarsal bone or the base of the first phalanx of the great toe.

The tibiofascialis anterior, a small muscle from the lower part of the tibia to the transverse or cruciate crural ligaments or deep fascia.

Actions/movements

The muscle acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. It is the largest dorsiflexor of the foot. The muscle also contributes to deceleration.

Function

The muscle helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. It draws up and holds the toe in a locked position. The tibialis anterior aids in any activity that requires moving the leg or keeping the leg vertical. It functions to stabilize the ankle as the foot hits the ground during the contact phase of walking (eccentric contraction) and acts later to pull the foot clear of the ground during the swing phase (concentric contraction). It also functions to 'lock' the ankle, as in toe-kicking a ball, when held in an isometric contraction.

The movements of tibialis anterior are dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle. However, actions of tibialis anterior are dependent on whether the foot is weight bearing or not (closed or open kinetic chain). When the foot is on the ground, the muscle helps to balance the leg and talus on the other tarsal bones so that the leg is kept vertical even when walking on uneven ground.

Clinical significance

A tibialis anterior hernia is a rare type of hernia in which fat or other material protrudes through a defect in the tibialis anterior muscle. It may be caused by trauma, such as an inadvertent kick to the lower leg from an opposing player in a football match.

Additional images

medial view of dissected ankle has two muscles

  • Lateral aspect of right leg. Lateral aspect of right leg.
  • Tibialis anterior muscle Tibialis anterior muscle
  • Cross-section through top third and second third of right leg. Cross-section through top third and second third of right leg.
  • Tibialis anterior muscle Tibialis anterior muscle
  • Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view *This has some structures labelled incorrectly e.g. tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and cuboid bone Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view *This has some structures labelled incorrectly e.g. tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and cuboid bone

See also

References

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 480 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ Ma, Yun-tao (2011-01-01), Ma, Yun-tao (ed.), "CHAPTER 14 - General Principles of Treating Soft Tissue Dysfunction in Sports Injuries", Acupuncture for Sports and Trauma Rehabilitation, Saint Louis: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 212–233, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0927-8.00014-2, ISBN 978-1-4377-0927-8, retrieved 2021-03-01
  2. ^ Sinnatamby, Chummy (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
  3. Baldry, P. E.; Thompson, John W. (2005-01-01), Baldry, P. E.; Thompson, John W. (eds.), "Chapter 18 - Pain in the lower limb", Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain (Third Edition), Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 315–324, doi:10.1016/b978-044306644-3.50022-x, ISBN 978-0-443-06644-3, retrieved 2021-03-01
  4. "10 Incredible Tibialis Raise Benefits". 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  5. Uzun, Bora; Taylan, Orçun; Gültekin, Barış; Havıtçıoğlu, Hasan (2011-05-01). "Dynamic measurements of musculus tibialis anterior ligaments with different angles". Journal of Biomechanics. Abstracts of the Fifth International Participated National Biomechanics Congress. 44: 2. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.021. ISSN 0021-9290.
  6. Hullur, H.; Salem, Y.; Al Khalifa, J.; Salem, A. (2016). "Tibialis anterior muscle hernia: rare but not uncommon". BMJ Case Reports. 2016: bcr2016217569. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-217569. PMC 5174854. PMID 27999130.

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