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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{For|related races|2016 United States elections}}
{{Infobox Election
{{pp|small=yes}}
| election_name = United States presidential election, 2016
{{use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2016 United States presidential election
| country = United States | country = United States
| type = presidential | type = presidential
| opinion_polls = Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election
| opinion_polls =
| ongoing = yes <!-- please don't change this --> | ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States presidential election, 2012 | previous_election = 2012 United States presidential election
| previous_year = 2012 | previous_year = 2012
| next_election = United States presidential election, 2020
| next_year = 2020
| election_date = November 8, 2016 | election_date = November 8, 2016
| next_election = 2020 United States presidential election
| flag_year =
| next_year = 2020
| votes_for_election = 538 ] of the ]
| votes_for_election = 538 members of the ]
| needed_votes = 270 electoral | needed_votes = 270 electoral
| turnout = 60.1%<ref name=turnout>({{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=]|access-date=April 3, 2023|archive-date=July 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|url-status=live}})({{cite web|title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results|url=https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf|publisher=]|date=December 2017|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=December 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185336/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf|url-status=live}}) ({{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/voting-and-registration/p20-580.html |title=Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2016 |publisher=] |date=May 2017 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224319/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/voting-and-registration/p20-580.html |url-status=live }})</ref> ({{increase}} 1.5 ]) <!-- Do not change without reading and commenting in the talk. We've had consensus but are willing to talk about changes. -->
| image1 =
| image_size = 200x200px
| nominee1 =
| image1 = Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg <!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. -->
| party1 =
| nominee1 = ''']'''
| home_state1 =
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 =
| home_state1 = ]
| percentage1 =
| running_mate1 = ''']'''
| image2 =
| electoral_vote1 = '''304'''{{efn|name=pledged|In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to ]. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.}}
| nominee2 =
| states_carried1 = '''30 + ]'''
| party2 =
| popular_vote1 = 62,984,828<ref name=e2016>{{cite web|title=FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 -- Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives|url=https://www.fec.gov/documents/1889/federalelections2016.pdf|publisher=]|date=December 2017|access-date=August 12, 2020}}</ref>
| home_state2 =
| percentage1 = {{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|1|pad=yes}}
| popular_vote2 =
| image2 = Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 3x4.jpg <!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. -->
| percentage2 =
| nominee2 = ]
| map_image = Electoral College 2016.svg
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)<!-- Please see talk page for consensus on party order on first row. -->
| home_state2 = ]
| running_mate2 = ]
| electoral_vote2 = 227{{efn|name=pledged}}
| states_carried2 = 20 + ]
| popular_vote2 = '''65,853,514'''<ref name=e2016/>
| percentage2 = '''{{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|1|pad=yes}}'''
| map_size = 350px | map_size = 350px
| map = {{2016 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| map_caption = The electoral map for the 2016 election, based on populations from the ]
| map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:darkred;">Red</span> denotes states won by Trump/Pence and <span style="color:darkblue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate ] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven ] (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
| title = President | title = President
| before_election = ] | before_election = ]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) | before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = ]
|
| after_party = TBD| | after_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = ]
}} }}
{{US 2016 presidential elections series}} {{2016 United States presidential election series}}
] were held in the ] on November 8, 2016. The ] ticket of ] ] and ] ] defeated the ] ticket of former ] and former ] ] and Virginia junior senator ], in what was considered one of the biggest political ] in American history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070|title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history|website=Politico|date=November 9, 2016|access-date=April 15, 2023|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705000026/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the ].<ref name=e2016/><ref name=trumped>{{cite book |author1=Larry Sabato |author2=Kyle Kondik |author3=Geoffrey Skelley |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01t7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PR7 |year=2017 |publisher=] |page=7 (The popular vote results mentioned here are slightly different from the official results published in December 2017.)|isbn=9781442279407}}</ref> It was also the sixth and most recent presidential election in U.S. history in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state.
The '''United States presidential election of 2016''' is scheduled for Tuesday, November 8, 2016. It will be the 58th ] ]. Voters in the election will select ] who in turn will elect a new ] and ] of the United States. The ] president, ], is ineligible to be elected to a third term because of the ] established by the ] which do not allow a president to be elected to more than two complete terms.

{{TOC limit|4}}
Incumbent Democratic president ] was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the ]. Clinton secured the nomination over U.S. senator ] in ] and became the first female presidential nominee of a major American political party. Initially considered a ], Trump emerged as the ], defeating several notable opponents, including U.S. senators ] and ], as well as governors ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=McPhate |first=Mike |date=2016-05-06 |title=Trump Naysayers: How Wrong They Were |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/politics/trump-naysayers-how-wrong-they-were.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |work=]}}</ref> Trump's ], ] campaign, which promised to "]" and opposed ], ], and many ],<ref>Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031000111/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |date=October 31, 2019 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref> garnered extensive ] coverage due to Trump's inflammatory comments.<ref>Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121191912/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html |date=November 21, 2016 }}, '']'' (March 16, 2016).</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth. . '']''. Archived from on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.</ref> Clinton emphasized her extensive political experience, denounced Trump and many of his supporters as a "]", bigots, and extremists, and advocated the expansion of ], ], ], and ], and ].<ref>Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315054339/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html |date=March 15, 2016 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref>

The tone of the election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling.<ref>Wallace, Gregory (November 8, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309053905/https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/08/politics/negative-ads-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/index.html |date=March 9, 2018 }}. ]. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref><ref>Cassidy, John (November 5, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309000604/https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/closing-arguments-the-logic-of-negative-campaigning |date=March 9, 2018 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "This Presidential campaign has been the most bitter in recent American history."</ref><ref>] (November 21, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309053943/http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/21/voters-evaluations-of-the-campaign/#campaign-viewed-as-heavy-on-negative-campaigning-light-on-issues |date=March 9, 2018 }}. Retrieved March 8, 2018</ref> Trump faced controversy over ], incidents of ] at his rallies,<ref>Tiefenthaler, Ainara (March 14, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107055215/http://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004269364/trump-and-violence.html |date=November 7, 2016 }}. '']''. Retrieved November 8, 2016.</ref><ref>Nguyen, Tina (March 11, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509010439/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/03/donald-trump-protesters-rally-violence |date=May 9, 2018 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Ben (March 11, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311234202/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/11/donald-trump-campaign-claims-violence-rallies |date=March 11, 2016 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref> and numerous ] including the ]. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness,<ref>McCarthy, Justin (July 1, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821070817/https://news.gallup.com/poll/193418/americans-reactions-trump-clinton-explain-poor-images.aspx |date=August 21, 2019 }}. '']''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.</ref> and a controversy and subsequent ] investigation regarding ] while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-national-conventions/ |title=News Coverage of the 2016 National Conventions: Negative News, Lacking Context |date=September 21, 2016 |work=Shorenstein Center |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208004340/https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-national-conventions/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/publications/2017/08/mediacloud |title=Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |website=cyber.harvard.edu |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316195917/https://cyber.harvard.edu/publications/2017/08/mediacloud |url-status=live }}</ref> Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of victory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|title=Final Projections 2016|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Princeton Election Consortium|last=Wang|first=Sam|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109180314/https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2016/forecast/president|title=2016 Election Forecast|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=]|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123052055/https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2016/forecast/president|url-status=live}}</ref>

On election day, Trump over-performed his polls, winning several key swing states, while losing the popular vote by 2.87 million votes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38254946 |title=Did Clinton win more votes than any white man in history? |date=December 12, 2016 |work=] |access-date=September 9, 2018 |archive-date=September 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908234538/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38254946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump received the majority in the ] and won upset victories in the Democratic-leaning ] states of ], ], and ]. The pivotal victory in this region, which Trump won by fewer than 80,000 votes in the three states with the combined 46 electoral votes, was the catalyst that won him the Electoral College vote. Trump's surprise victories were perceived to have been assisted by Clinton's lack of campaigning in the region, the rightward shift of the white working class,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carnes |first1=Nicholas |last2=Lupu |first2=Noam |title=The White Working Class and the 2016 Election |url=https://noamlupu.com/Carnes_Lupu_WWC.pdf |website=noamlupu.com |publisher=Noam Lupu |access-date=1 November 2024 |quote=White working-class Americans have been supporting Republican presidential candidates at higher rates in recent elections, but that process long predates 2016, and narratives that center on Trump’s alleged appeal obscure this important long-term trend.}}</ref> and the influence of ] who refused to back her after Bernie Sanders dropped out.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McQuarrie |first=Michael |date=November 2017 |title=The revolt of the Rust Belt: place and politics in the age of anger |journal=The British Journal of Sociology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=S1 |pages=S120–S152 |doi=10.1111/1468-4446.12328 |pmid=29114874 |s2cid=26010609 |issn=0007-1315|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Could Sanders voters help Trump win the White House again? |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/sanders-voters-helped-trump-win-white-house-could-they-do-n1145306 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=] |date=March 8, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003015703/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/sanders-voters-helped-trump-win-white-house-could-they-do-n1145306 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |date=2017-08-24 |title=Here's How Many Bernie Sanders Supporters Ultimately Voted For Trump |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/24/545812242/1-in-10-sanders-primary-voters-ended-up-supporting-trump-survey-finds |access-date=2022-11-29 |archive-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003023459/https://www.npr.org/2017/08/24/545812242/1-in-10-sanders-primary-voters-ended-up-supporting-trump-survey-finds |url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton 227, as two ] from Trump and five from Clinton. Trump flipped six states that had voted Democratic in ]: ], ], ], ], ], and ], as well as ]. Trump was the first president with neither ].

With ballot access to the entire national electorate, ] nominee ] received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since ] in ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/2016-presidential-ballot-access-map/|title=2016 Presidential Ballot Access Map|date=July 14, 2016|access-date=May 28, 2021|archive-date=May 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508083450/https://www.lp.org/2016-presidential-ballot-access-map|url-status=live}}</ref> while ] nominee ] received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%). Independent candidate ] received ] of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a non-major party candidate in any state since 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.270towin.com/2016_Election/|title=Presidential Election of 2016|website=270toWin.com|access-date=May 28, 2021|archive-date=May 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514003415/https://www.270towin.com/2016_Election/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 6, 2017, the ] concluded that the ],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Greg |last2=Entous |first2=Adam |title=Declassified report says Putin 'ordered' effort to undermine faith in U.S. election and help Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/intelligence-chiefs-expected-in-new-york-to-brief-trump-on-russian-hacking/2017/01/06/5f591416-d41a-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |newspaper=] |date=January 6, 2017 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107010016/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/intelligence-chiefs-expected-in-new-york-to-brief-trump-on-russian-hacking/2017/01/06/5f591416-d41a-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eichenwald |first1=Kurt |title=Trump, Putin and the hidden history of how Russia interfered in the U.S. presidential election |url=http://www.newsweek.com/trump-putin-russia-interfered-presidential-election-541302 |website=] |date=January 10, 2017 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130115350/https://www.newsweek.com/trump-putin-russia-interfered-presidential-election-541302 |url-status=live }}</ref> and that it did so in order to "undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency".<ref>{{cite news |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |access-date=January 8, 2017 |newspaper=] |date=January 6, 2017 |page=11 |archive-date=January 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108171803/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A ] of alleged collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign began in May 2017,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenstein |first1=Rod |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |access-date=November 3, 2017 |work=] |date=May 17, 2017 |archive-date=May 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518015032/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Grand Jury Indicts Thirteen Russian Individuals and Three Russian Companies for Scheme to Interfere in the United States Political System |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/grand-jury-indicts-thirteen-russian-individuals-and-three-russian-companies-scheme-interfere |website=United States Department of Justice |date=February 16, 2018 |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224059/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/grand-jury-indicts-thirteen-russian-individuals-and-three-russian-companies-scheme-interfere |url-status=live }}</ref> and ended in March 2019, concluded that Russian interference in favor of Trump's candidacy occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" but did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government.<ref>'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419072437/https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf |date=April 19, 2019 }}'', vol. I, p. 1: "The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. Although the investigation established that the Russian government perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency and worked to secure that outcome, and that the Campaign expected it would benefit electorally from information stolen and released through Russian efforts, the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Geller |first1=Eric |title=Collusion aside, Mueller found abundant evidence of Russian election plot |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/18/mueller-report-russian-election-plot-1365568 |website=] |publisher=POLITICO LLC |access-date=November 12, 2020 |language=en |date=April 18, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308225610/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/18/mueller-report-russian-election-plot-1365568 |url-status=live }}</ref>

This was the first of two elections won by Trump, the second being in ] against ], following his defeat by ] in ].


== Background == == Background ==
{{Further|United States presidential election#Procedure}} {{further|United States presidential election}}
] in 2016, ]. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017]]


] of the ] provides that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, the individual must be a ], at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the ] of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a ]) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. ] of the ] provides that the ] and ] of the United States must be ] of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of at least 14 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/spakovsky-canaparo-california-ballot-law-unconstitutional-trump-political-attack |title=Spakovsky and Canaparo: California can't pick who runs for president. New law just an attack on Trump |last=Spakovsky |first=Hans von |date=September 22, 2019 |publisher=] |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224852/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/spakovsky-canaparo-california-ballot-law-unconstitutional-trump-political-attack |url-status=live }}</ref> Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties, in which case each party devises a method (such as a ]) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are ]s where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is <!-- R: put Trump first, he received more electoral votes (in the first column) -->also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the ]; these electors in turn directly elect the president and vice president.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/provisions |title=Legal Provisions Relevant to the Electoral College Process |date=September 5, 2019 |website=National Archives |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108185150/https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/provisions |url-status=live }}</ref>


President ], a ] and former ] from ], was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the restrictions of the American presidential term limits established by the ]; in accordance with Section{{nbsp}}1 of the ], his term expired at noon ] on January 20, 2017.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stout |first1=Christopher Timothy |last2=Le |first2=Danvy |date=October 8, 2012 |title=Living the Dream: Barack Obama and Blacks' Changing Perceptions of the American Dream |journal=Social Science Quarterly |volume=93 |issue=5 |pages=1338–1359 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00915.x |issn=0038-4941}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=2008 |title=Inaugural Address of PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=2–5 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2008.11413464 |jstor=41069357 |s2cid=147680023 |issn=0006-4246}}</ref>
] ], a former ] from ], is due to complete his second and final term in office on January 20, 2017. In the ], Obama defeated ] Senator ] from Arizona, receiving 52.9% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote.<ref name="house floor summary">{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/floorsummary/floor.html?day=20090108|title=United States House of Representatives floor summary for Jan 8, 2009|publisher=Clerk.house.gov|accessdate=January 30, 2009}}</ref><ref name="2012 election results">{{cite web|title=FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2008|url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2008/federalelections2008.pdf|publisher=Federal Election Commission|accessdate= May 11, 2015}}</ref> He was reelected in the ], defeating former ] ] with 51.1% of the popular vote and 62% of the electoral vote.<ref name="President Map">{{cite news|title=President Map|url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/results/president|accessdate=11 May 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> Obama is not eligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions set by the ]. During his second term, President Obama's approval ratings have been listed by ] as between 40 and 50 percent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gallup Daily: Obama Job Approval|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/113980/Gallup-Daily-Obama-Job-Approval.aspx|accessdate= May 11, 2015|publisher=Gallup|date=May 10, 2015}}</ref> His approval rating is widely seen as an indicator for how well the Democratic Party will do in the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sabato|first1=Larry J.|title=Clinton’s Real Opponent: Barack Obama|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/obama-approval-ratings-swing-states-117019.html#.VVARmPlViko|accessdate= May 11, 2015|publisher=Politico|date=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cohn|first1=Nate|title=What a Rise in Obama’s Approval Rating Means for 2016|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/upshot/what-a-rise-in-obamas-approval-rating-means-for-2016.html?abt=0002&abg=0|accessdate= May 11, 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=January 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>, ].</ref>


Both the Democratic and Republican parties, as well as third parties such as the Green and Libertarian parties, held a series of ] that took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the ], and ]. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's ], who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with '']'' magazine declaring that the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amira |first1=Dan |title=Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin! |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2012/11/let-the-2016-campaign-season-begin.html |access-date=July 5, 2015 |work=] |date=November 8, 2012 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224649/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2012/11/let-the-2016-campaign-season-begin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, '']'' released an article predicting that the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former ] ], while an article in '']'' named ] ] and Senator ] from ] as potential candidates.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Johnathon |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |title=Back to the future: Clinton vs. Bush? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/11/back-to-the-future-clinton-vs-bush-083550 |access-date=March 22, 2017 |publisher=] |date=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |title=After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/us/politics/after-embrace-of-obama-chris-christie-woos-a-wary-gop.html |access-date=July 5, 2015 |work=] |date=November 20, 2012 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224113/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/us/politics/after-embrace-of-obama-chris-christie-woos-a-wary-gop.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== 2012 election ===
In the 2012 election, incumbent President Barack Obama defeated former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, with 51.1% of the popular vote and 332 of 538 electoral votes.<ref name="President Map" /> A ] article published on the day of the election listed a few examples of imprudent remarks made by Romney during the campaign, Obama's poor performance during the ], speeches made at the parties' respective national conventions, as well as some current events (such as ] and the ]) as the defining moments of the 2012 election.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abdullah|first1=Hamilah|title=21 moments that defined the campaign and America|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/06/politics/21-things-look-back/|accessdate= July 5, 2015|publisher=CNN|date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> Romney was surprised by the loss and had not prepared a concession speech until after the major networks began predicting Obama's reelection.<ref>{{cite news|title=Obama Writes Concession Speech, Romney Does Not|url=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2012/11/06/obama-writes-concession-speech-romney-does-not/|accessdate= July 5, 2015|publisher=CBS News|date=November 6, 2015}}</ref>


== Nominations ==
Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with '']'' magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published on November 8, 2012, two days after the 2012 election.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Amira|first1=Dan|title=Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin!|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2012/11/let-the-2016-campaign-season-begin.html|accessdate= July 5, 2015|agency=New York Magazine|date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> On the same day, '']'' released an article predicting the 2016 general election may be between ] and ], while a '']'' article named ] and ] as potential candidates.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Johnathon|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|title=2016 election: Hillary Clinton vs. Jeb Bush?|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/83550_Page4.html|accessdate= July 5, 2015|publisher=Politico|date=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Barbaro|first1=Micharl|title=After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/us/politics/after-embrace-of-obama-chris-christie-woos-a-wary-gop.html?_r=0|accessdate= July 5, 2015|publisher=New York Times|date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>
=== Republican Party ===
==== Primaries ====
{{main|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}


With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with ] on March 23, 2015, this was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever |url=https://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |magazine=] |access-date=February 14, 2016 |first=Jack |last=Linshi |date=July 7, 2015 |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126142628/https://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> before being overtaken by the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who's Running for President in 2020? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html |access-date=June 16, 2020 |work=] |date=January 21, 2019 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |last2=Flegenheimer |first2=Matt |last3=Lee |first3=Jasmine C. |last4=Lerer |first4=Lisa |last5=Martin |first5=Jonathan |archive-date=July 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708202723/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== 2014 midterm elections ===
In the ] for the ] and ] in 2012, Republicans retained their majority of seats in the ] despite minor losses while Democrats increased their majority in the ].<ref name="2012 election results" /> Subsequently, in the ], the Republicans won a majority of seats in both Houses of Congress, ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=2014 Election Results|url=http://www.politico.com/2014-election/results/map/senate/|accessdate= May 11, 2015|publisher=Politico|date=December 17, 2014}}</ref>


Prior to the ] on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham, and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul, and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the ], Christie, Fiorina, and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio, and Cruz in ]. On March 1, the first of four "]" primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma, and his home state of Texas, and Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/ben-carson-suspends-2016-campaign-cpac-n532056 |title=Ben Carson Suspends 2016 Campaign at CPAC |work=] |access-date = March 9, 2016 |date=March 4, 2016 |first=Andrew |last=Rafferty}}</ref> On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Kasich won his only contest in his home state of Ohio, and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state.<ref name=Rubio>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/us/politics/marco-rubio.html |title=Marco Rubio Suspends His Presidential Campaign |date=March 16, 2016 |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy |newspaper=] |access-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114010242/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/us/politics/marco-rubio.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Primaries ==

Between March 16 and May 3, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz, and Kasich. Cruz won the most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on the first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April, followed by a decisive victory in Indiana on May 3, securing all 57 of the state's delegates. Without any further chances of forcing a ], both Cruz<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Everett |title=Ted Cruz suspends presidential campaign |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/03/ted-cruz-suspends-campaign.html |publisher=] |access-date=May 4, 2016 |date=May 3, 2016}}</ref> and Kasich<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/05/us/politics/john-kasich.html |title=John Kasich Drops Out of Presidential Race |last=Kaplan |first=Thomas |date=May 4, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=May 4, 2016 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525104059/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/05/us/politics/john-kasich.html |url-status=live }}</ref> suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by ] chairman ] on the evening of May 3.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reince Priebus on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/reince/status/727665447684820992 |website=] |access-date=November 13, 2016 |date=May 3, 2016 |quote=."@realDonaldTrump will be presumptive @GOP nominee, we all need to unite{{nbsp}}..." |archive-date=October 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012020408/https://twitter.com/Reince/status/727665447684820992 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A 2018 study found that media coverage of Trump led to increased public support for him during the primaries. The study showed that Trump received nearly $2 billion in free media, more than double any other candidate. Political scientist ] argued that Trump's polling surge was "almost certainly" due to frequent media coverage of his campaign. Sides concluded "Trump is surging in the polls because the news media has consistently focused on him since he announced his candidacy on June 16".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reuning |first1=Kevin |last2=Dietrich |first2=Nick |title=Media Coverage, Public Interest, and Support in the 2016 Republican Invisible Primary |journal=Perspectives on Politics |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=326–339 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718003274 |issn=1537-5927 |year=2019 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Prior to clinching the Republican nomination, Trump received little support from establishment Republicans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albert |first1=Zachary |last2=Barney |first2=David J. |title=The Party Reacts: The Strategic Nature of Endorsements of Donald Trump |journal=American Politics Research |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=1239–1258 |doi=10.1177/1532673x18808022 |issn=1532-673X |year=2019|s2cid=158923761 }}</ref>

==== Nominees ====
{{Donald Trump series |expanded=Campaigns }}{{Main|2 = Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}{{Mike Pence series}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#F1F1F1;" colspan="30"|]<big>'''2016 Republican Party ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; width:200px;"| ]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; width:200px;"| ]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFD0D7; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFD0D7; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| ]
| ]
|-
| Chairman of<br /> ]<br /><small>(1971–2017)</small>
| ]<br />]<br /><small>(2013–2017)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|}

==== Candidates ====
{{main|2016 Republican Party presidential candidates}}

Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings.

Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-<sup>†</sup>
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|''<small>Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote from the primaries</small>''
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
|-
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|]<br />from ]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(2011–2019)</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from ]<br /><small>(2011–''present'')</small>
|Dir. of ],<br />]<br /><small>(1984–2013)</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(1999–2007)</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from ]<br /><small>(2011–''present'')</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(2010–2018)</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(1996–2007)</small>
|-
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''W: May 3''<br /><small>'''7,811,110''' votes</small>
|''W: May 4''<br /><small>'''4,287,479''' votes</small>
|''W: Mar 15''<br /><small>'''3,514,124''' votes</small>
|''W: Mar 4''<br /><small>'''857,009''' votes</small>
|''W: Feb 20''<br /><small>'''286,634''' votes</small>
|''W: Feb 3''<br /><small>66,781 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 10''<br /><small>57,634 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 1''<br /><small>51,436 votes</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html |title=Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid |date=March 22, 2015 |work=] |access-date=March 23, 2015 |first1=Lisa |last1=Mascaro |first2=David |last2=Lauter |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323023332/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run/ |title=Ted Cruz Announces He's Running for President |date=March 23, 2015 |newspaper=] |access-date=March 23, 2015 |author=Zezima, Katie |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164153/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf |title=Ted Cruz FEC filing |date=March 23, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=April 1, 2015 |archive-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318090136/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- Please DO NOT REMOVE TED CRUZ from this list or add disclaimers regarding his eligibility to be President. Please see the Misplaced Pages article *Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016*, section "Eligibility concerns", for information on this subject -->
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf |title=John Kasich FEC Filing |date=July 23, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 28, 2015 |archive-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318090137/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html |title=Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid |date=April 13, 2015 |work=] |access-date=April 13, 2015 |author=Parker, Ashley |archive-date=December 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215230506/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pitch2">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Rebecca |date=April 13, 2015 |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/marco-rubio-presidential-announcement-2016-20150413 |title=Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016 |work=] |access-date=April 14, 2015 |archive-date=July 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720232732/http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/marco-rubio-presidential-announcement-2016-20150413 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf |title=Marco Rubio FEC Filing |date=April 13, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225200334/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/ |title=Ben Carson announces presidential campaign |date=May 3, 2015 |newspaper=] |last1=Terris |first1=Ben |access-date=May 4, 2015 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308211330/https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 |title=Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=] |access-date=May 4, 2015 |author=Rafferty, Andrew |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505021009/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf |title=Ben Carson FEC Filing |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083858/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 |title=Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official |date=June 15, 2015 |work=] |access-date=June 15, 2015 |author=Rafferty, Andrew |archive-date=June 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615180710/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf |title=Jeb Bush FEC Filing |date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 16, 2015 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217100031/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 |title=Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website |date=April 7, 2015 |work=] |access-date=April 7, 2015 |author=Lambert, Lisa |archive-date=April 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407140904/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ |title=Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' |date=April 7, 2015 |publisher=] |access-date=April 7, 2015 |author=Killough, Ashley |archive-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207184059/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf |title=Rand Paul FEC filing |date=April 8, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=April 9, 2015 |archive-date=February 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221112823/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html |title=Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging 'Truth' About Nation's Woes |date=June 30, 2015 |work=] |access-date=June 30, 2015 |author=Barbaro, Michael |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308154517/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf |title=Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing |date=July 1, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226015556/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html |title=Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race |date=May 5, 2015 |work=] |access-date=May 5, 2015 |author=Trip, Gabriel |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206194854/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf |title=Mike Huckabee FEC Filing |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 10, 2015 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423141300/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|] of<br />]<br /><small>(1999–2005)</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(1998–2002)</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from ]<br /><small>(1995–2007)</small>
|U.S. senator<br /> from ]<br /><small>(2003–''present'')</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(1995–2006)</small>
|]<br />]<br /><small>(2008–2016)</small>
|45th<br />]<br /><small>(2011–2019)</small>
|47th<br />]<br /><small>(2000–2015)</small>
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|''W: Feb 10''<br /><small>40,577 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 12''<br /><small>18,364 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 3''<br /><small>16,622 votes</small>
|''W: December 21, 2015''<br /><small>5,666 votes</small>
|''W: December 29, 2015''<br /><small>2,036 votes</small>
|''W: November 17, 2015''<br /><small>222 votes</small>
|''W: September 21, 2015''<br /><small>1 write-in vote in New Hampshire</small>
|''W: September 11, 2015''<br /><small>1 write-in vote in New Hampshire</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite web |url=httsp://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html |title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' |date=May 4, 2015 |work=] |access-date=May 4, 2015 |author=Gass, Nick |archive-date=May 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504152044/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf |title=Carly Fiorina FEC Filing |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224064000/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref name=Gilmore>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/07/30/jim-gilmore-presidential-announcement/30830661/ |title=Jim Gilmore formally joins GOP presidential race |work=] |date=July 30, 2015 |access-date=July 30, 2015 |author=Allen, Cooper |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117185935/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/07/30/jim-gilmore-presidential-announcement/30830661/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf |title=Jim Gilmore FEC Filing |publisher=FEC.gov |date=July 29, 2015 |access-date=July 29, 2015 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423140310/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ |title=Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign |date=May 27, 2015 |work=] |access-date=May 28, 2015 |author=Jackson, David |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308122645/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf |title=Rick Santorum FEC filing |date=May 27, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 1, 2015 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222131249/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601153527/http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/01/politics/lindsey-graham-presidential-announcement-election-2016/index.html |date=June 1, 2015 }}, CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf |title=Lindsey Graham FEC Filing |date=June 1, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 2, 2015 |archive-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218062142/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf |title=George Pataki FEC filing |date=June 2, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=June 4, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044804/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ |title=Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race |date=June 24, 2015 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 24, 2015 |author1=Fahrenthold, David A. |author2=Hohmann, James |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113104/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf |title=Bobby Jindal FEC Filing |date=June 29, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 30, 2015 |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223082749/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ |title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race |date=July 13, 2015 |publisher=] |access-date=July 13, 2015 |author1=Burlij, Terence |author2=Lee, MJ |author3=LoBianco, Tom |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100538/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1 |title=Scott Walker FEC filing |website=FEC |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019045927/http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://sos.nh.gov/2016RepPresPrim.aspx?id=8589957200 |title=2016 Presidential Primary—Republican President—NHSOS |website=sos.nh.gov |access-date=October 9, 2016 |archive-date=October 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010124456/http://sos.nh.gov/2016RepPresPrim.aspx?id=8589957200 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ |title=Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid |date=June 4, 2015 |magazine=Time |access-date=June 4, 2015 |author=Beckwith, Ryan Teague |author2=Rhodan, Maya |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224131808/https://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf |title=Rick Perry FEC filing |date=June 19, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=June 22, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091541/http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Vice presidential selection ====
{{Main|2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection}}

Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4.<ref name="mkeneally">{{cite news |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |title=Donald Trump Teases Possible VP Requirements |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-teases-vp-requirements/story?id=38869060 |access-date=May 4, 2016 |work=] |date=May 4, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063555/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-teases-vp-requirements/story?id=38869060 |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of ''Politico'' reported that the Trump campaign was considering ] Governor ], former ] ] from ], Senator ] of Alabama, and ] Governor ].<ref name="estokols">{{cite news |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |last2=Everett |first2=Burgess |title=Trump's performance raises hard question: Who'd want to be his VP? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-vice-president-224488 |access-date=June 21, 2016 |publisher=] |date=June 17, 2016 |archive-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620195015/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-vice-president-224488 |url-status=live }}</ref> A June 30 report from '']'' also included Senators ] from Tennessee, ] from ], ] from Arkansas, ] from Iowa, and Indiana governor ] as individuals still being considered for the ticket.<ref name="vetting2">{{cite news |last1=Costa |first1=Robert |title=Gingrich, Christie are the leading candidates to be Trump's running mate |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gingrich-christie-are-the-leading-candidates-to-be-trumps-running-mate/2016/06/30/98fa3ecc-3eef-11e6-84e8-1580c7db5275_story.html |access-date=July 1, 2016 |newspaper=] |date=June 30, 2016 |archive-date=July 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701080835/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gingrich-christie-are-the-leading-candidates-to-be-trumps-running-mate/2016/06/30/98fa3ecc-3eef-11e6-84e8-1580c7db5275_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump also said he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General ].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last1=Zurcher |first1=Anthony |title=US election: Who will Trump pick as his vice-president? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36678388 |access-date=July 8, 2016 |work=] |date=July 8, 2016 |archive-date=July 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708015212/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36678388 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was on July 12 reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three: Christie, Gingrich, and Pence.<ref name=FinalThree>{{cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Kelly |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/team-trump-plans-public-event-friday-vp-pick-n608161 |title=Team Trump Plans Public Event Friday With VP Pick |work=] |date=July 12, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2016 |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823104825/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/team-trump-plans-public-event-friday-vp-pick-n608161 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message ] on July 15, and formally made the announcement the following day in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/politics/donald-trump-vice-presidential-choice/ |title=Donald Trump selects Mike Pence as VP |publisher=] |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2016 |author1=Bash, Dana |author2-link=Jim Acosta |author2=Acosta, Jim |author3=Lee, MJ |author1-link=Dana Bash |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019193348/https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/politics/donald-trump-vice-presidential-choice/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ivan |last=Levingston |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence as his VP |publisher=] |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002359/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 19, the second night of the ], Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation.<ref name="tcook">{{cite news |last1=Cook |first1=Tony |title=Gov. Mike Pence formally nominated as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/19/indiana-formally-casts-its-votes-nominate-trump-republican-national-convention/87317966/ |access-date=July 20, 2016 |work=] |date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=December 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214120925/http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/19/indiana-formally-casts-its-votes-nominate-trump-republican-national-convention/87317966/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Democratic Party === === Democratic Party ===
{{Main|Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016|Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016}}


==== Primaries ====
Former ], former ] from ], and former ] ] became the first Democrat to announce a candidacy for the presidency, which she did via a video on April 12, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Keith|first1=Tamara|last2=Montanar|first2=Domenico|title=Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/10/398729582/hillary-clinton-expected-to-go-small-with-big-announcement|accessdate=April 12, 2015|publisher=NPR|date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> According to ] in 2015, Clinton is considered the ] for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, as well as the general election.<ref name="cbs-next">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/is-hillary-clinton-closing-the-door-on-politics/ |title=Is Hillary Clinton closing the door on politics? |author=Miller, Jake |publisher=CBS News |date=January 29, 2013}}</ref><ref name="reut-depart">{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/16/us-usa-politics-hillary-idUSBRE90F0A820130116 |title=Hillary Clinton leaving world stage, but for how long? |author=Holland, Steve |agency=Reuters |date=January 16, 2013}}</ref> ] ] Senator ] became the second candidate when he made a formal announcement on April 30 that he was running for the Democratic nomination.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Merica|first1=Dan|title=Bernie Sanders is running for president|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/politics/bernie-sanders-announces-presidential-run/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=CNN|date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> While not the front-runner, as of July 1, Sanders's campaign stops have been drawing the largest crowds of any of the candidates in the run for president.<ref name="msnbc">{{cite web | url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/bernie-sanders-draws-biggest-crowd-any-2016-candidate-yet | title=Bernie Sanders draws biggest crowd of any 2016 candidate yet | publisher=msnbc | date=2 July 2015 | accessdate=11 July 2015 | author=Seitz-Wald Alex}}</ref> Former Governor of ] ] was the third candidate to enter the race, which he did on May 30, 2015.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/| title=Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race| publisher= '']'' | date=May 30, 2015 | accessdate=May 30, 2015|author= Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen}}</ref> ], former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of ], announced his candidacy on June 3, 2015.<ref name="DelReal, Jose A">{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ | title=Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid | work=] | date=June 3, 2015 | accessdate=June 3, 2015 | author=DelReal, Jose A.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2015/06/rhode_islands_chafee_enters_2016_democratic_contest | title=Rhode Island's Chafee enters 2016 Democratic contest | publisher=] | work=] | date=June 3, 2015 | accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> Former ] Senator ] was the most recent Democrat to announce his candidacy, doing so on July 2, 2015.<ref name="Announces">{{cite web | url=http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2015/07/02/jim-webb-announces-for-president | title=Jim Webb Announces For President | work=] | date=July 2, 2015 | accessdate=July 2, 2015 | author=Catanese, David}}</ref>
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}


Former secretary of state ], who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the ], became the first Democrat in the field to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency with an announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/10/398729582/hillary-clinton-expected-to-go-small-with-big-announcement |title=Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement |date=April 10, 2015 |publisher=] |last2=Montanar |first2=Domenico |last1=Keith |first1=Tamara |access-date=April 12, 2015 |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427190902/http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/10/398729582/hillary-clinton-expected-to-go-small-with-big-announcement |url-status=live }}</ref> While ] in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the ] for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced strong challenges from independent Senator ] of Vermont,<ref name="Sanders leading">{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2015/08/25/second-straight-poll-shows-bernie-sanders-leading-new-hampshire/F1MfDFGZAYZPHLV22upEwM/story.html |title=Second straight poll shows Bernie Sanders leading in New Hampshire |work=] |access-date=August 26, 2015 |archive-date=August 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828221610/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2015/08/25/second-straight-poll-shows-bernie-sanders-leading-new-hampshire/F1MfDFGZAYZPHLV22upEwM/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, that he was running for the Democratic nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/politics/bernie-sanders-announces-presidential-run/ |title=Bernie Sanders is running for president |date=April 30, 2015 |publisher=] |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |access-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126235004/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/politics/bernie-sanders-announces-presidential-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref> September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.<ref name="Sanders leading"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-new-hampshire-poll_55dc947ce4b08cd3359d5f80 |title=Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls |date=August 25, 2015 |work=] |access-date=August 25, 2015 |archive-date=August 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828010037/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-new-hampshire-poll_55dc947ce4b08cd3359d5f80 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-national-democratic-primary |title=Huffpost Pollster |date=October 1, 2015 |work=] |access-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001000953/http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-national-democratic-primary |url-status=dead }}</ref> On May 30, former ] ] was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/ |title=Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race |date=May 30, 2015 |work=] |last2=Cooper |first2=Allen |access-date=May 30, 2015 |last1=Jackson |first1=David |archive-date=May 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531010937/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/ |url-status=live }}</ref> followed by former independent governor and Republican senator of Rhode Island ] on June 3,<ref name="DelReal, Jose A">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ |title=Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid |date=June 3, 2015 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 3, 2015 |author=DelReal, Jose A. |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604005938/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2015/06/rhode_islands_chafee_enters_2016_democratic_contest |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160208062305/http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2015/06/launching_16_bid_chafee_refuses_to_rule_out_talks_with_is |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |title=Rhode Island's Chafee enters 2016 Democratic contest |date=June 3, 2015 |work=] |agency=Associated Press |access-date=June 3, 2015}}</ref> former Virginia senator ] on July 2,<ref name="Announces">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2015/07/02/jim-webb-announces-for-president |title=Jim Webb Announces For President |date=July 2, 2015 |work=] |access-date=July 2, 2015 |author=Catanese, David |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703113357/http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2015/07/02/jim-webb-announces-for-president |archive-date=July 3, 2015 }}</ref> and former Harvard law professor ] on September 6.<ref name="Lessig running">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/lawrence-lessig-2016-presidential-run-213376 |title=Lessig: I'm running for president |date=September 6, 2015 |work=] |access-date=September 7, 2015 |author=Meyer, Theodoric |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907024910/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/lawrence-lessig-2016-presidential-run-213376 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Declared candidates====
Individuals included in this section have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination the Democratic Party; filed as a Democratic presidential candidate with the ] (FEC) (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed alphabetically by surname.
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have been included in at least 5 independent polls. -->
<!-- Please list individuals in alphabetical order, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->


On October 20, Webb announced his withdrawal from the primaries, and explored a potential independent run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/10/jim-webb-democrats-independent-214929 |title=Jim Webb to consider running as an independent |website=] |date=October 19, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024122258/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/10/jim-webb-democrats-independent-214929 |url-status=live }}</ref> The next day, ] decided not to run, ending months of speculation, stating, "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2015/10/21/biden-to-make-announcement-about-plans/ |title=Biden says he's not running in 2016 |website=OnPolitics |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025110942/http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2015/10/21/biden-to-make-announcement-about-plans/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joe-biden-running-president/story?id=34338816 |title=Joe Biden Not Running for President |date=October 21, 2015 |work=] |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025123316/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joe-biden-running-president/story?id=34338816 |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/10/23/chafee-ends-democratic-bid-for-president/ |title=Lincoln Chafee ends Democratic bid for president |last1=Wagner |first1=John |date=October 23, 2015 |last2=Weigel |first2=David |newspaper=] |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025050423/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/10/23/chafee-ends-democratic-bid-for-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC-sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrew as well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders.<ref name="outofrace">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/lawrence-lessig-drops-out-215443 |title=Lessig drops out of presidential race |date=November 2, 2015 |work=] |access-date=November 2, 2015 |author=Strauss, Daniel |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031048/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/lawrence-lessig-drops-out-215443 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Candidates featured in major polls =====


On February 1, 2016, Clinton won the ] by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Sanders bounced back to win the ] with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the ] with 53% of the vote and scored a decisive victory in the ] with 73% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/nevada |title=Nevada Caucus Results |website=] |access-date=February 28, 2016 |archive-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229075849/http://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/nevada |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/south-carolina |title=South Carolina Primary Results |website=] |access-date=February 28, 2016 |archive-date=February 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228040057/http://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/south-carolina |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, eleven states participated in the first of four "]" primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won ], Minnesota, ], and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in ], ], and ] with 15- to 30-point margins, while Clinton won the ] with 71% of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the ], Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-polls-missed-bernie-sanders-michigan-upset/ |title=Why The Polls Missed Bernie Sanders's Michigan Upset |date=March 9, 2016 |website=] |access-date=May 1, 2016 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430141624/http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-polls-missed-bernie-sanders-michigan-upset/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Clinton won in ], ], ], ], and ]. Between March 22 and April 9, Sanders won six caucuses in ], ], ], ], ], and ], as well as the ], while Clinton won the ]. On April 19, Clinton won the ] with 58% of the vote. On April 26, in the third "Super Tuesday" dubbed the "Acela primary", she won contests in ], ], ], and ], while Sanders won in ]. Over the course of May, Sanders accomplished another surprise win in the ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/03/bernie-sanders-wins-indiana-democratic-primary |title=Bernie Sanders pulls off shock victory over Hillary Clinton in Indiana |last1=Roberts |first1=Dan |last2=Jacobs |first2=Ben |date=May 4, 2016 |website=] |access-date=May 4, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505031027/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/03/bernie-sanders-wins-indiana-democratic-primary |url-status=live }}</ref> and also won in ] and ], while Clinton won the ] and ] (and also non-binding primaries in Nebraska and Washington).
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a standalone bio page on Misplaced Pages. -->
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
Candidates included in this section have been listed in five or more ]


On June 4–5, Clinton won two victories in the ] and ]. Two days later, the ] and ] reported that Clinton had become the ] after reaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and ]s, to secure the nomination, becoming the ] to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major U.S. political party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://msnbc.com/msnbc/clinton-hits-magic-number-delegates-clinch-nomination/ |title=Clinton hits 'magic number' of delegates to clinch nomination |last=Dann |first=Carrie |date=June 6, 2016 |work=] |access-date=June 7, 2016 |archive-date=June 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607070830/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/clinton-hits-magic-number-delegates-clinch-nomination |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in ], ], ], and ], while Sanders won only ] and ]. Clinton also won the final primary in the ] on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates (54% of the total) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, while Sanders had won 1,847 (46%). Out of the 714 ] who were set to vote in the ], Clinton received endorsements from 560 (78%), while Sanders received 47 (7%).<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P16/D |title=Democratic Convention 2016 |publisher=thegreenpapers.com |access-date=May 14, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20161108193436/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P16/D |url-status=live }}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(2011–2015)</small><ref name="DelReal, Jose A" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/737/15951475737/15951475737.pdf|title=Lincoln Chafee FEC filing|date=June 16, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(2009–2013)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html?_r=0|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid| work=] | accessdate=April 12, 2015 | author=Chozick, Amy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-election-presidential-launch-116888.html | title=Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run | work=] | date=April 12, 2015 | accessdate=April 18, 2015 | author=Karni, Annie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/524/15031411524/15031411524.pdf|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing|date=April 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(2007–2015)</small><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/604/15031430604/15031430604.pdf|title=Martin O'Malley FEC filing|date=May 29, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] from ] <small>(2007–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/us/politics/bernie-sanders-campaign-for-president.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President | publisher= '']'' | date=April 30, 2015 | accessdate=April 30, 2015|author= Rappeport, Alan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/533/15031422533/15031422533.pdf|title=Bernard Sanders FEC filing|date=April 28, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] from ] <small>(2007–2013)</small><ref name="Announces" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/07/02/democrat-jim-webb-joins-2016-white-house-race/ | title=Democrat Jim Webb joins 2016 White House race | publisher= '']'' | date=July 2, 2015 | accessdate=July 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/062/201507149000111062/201507149000111062.pdf|title=Jim Webb FEC filing|date=July 14, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref>


Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN0Z305E |title=Sanders vows to help Clinton beat Trump, but keeps campaign alive |date=June 17, 2016 |newspaper=] |access-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-date=June 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619230629/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN0Z305E |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 8, appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party's platform.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/political-pulse/os-democratic-platform-orlando-story.html |title=Sanders backers frustrated by defeats at Orlando platform meeting |newspaper=] |access-date=July 25, 2016 |archive-date=July 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730045059/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/political-pulse/os-democratic-platform-orlando-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in New Hampshire in which he appeared with her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-endorses-hillary-clinton_us_56e98f60e4b0b25c91841bdd |title=Bernie Sanders Endorses Hillary Clinton For President |date=July 12, 2016 |work=] |last1=Reily |first1=Molly |access-date=July 13, 2016 |archive-date=July 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713090140/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-endorses-hillary-clinton_us_56e98f60e4b0b25c91841bdd |url-status=live }}</ref> Sanders then went on to headline 39 campaign rallies on behalf of Clinton in 13 key states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/30/politics/bernie-sanders-umbrage-clinton-2016/index.html|title=Bernie Sanders takes 'umbrage' when audience member says he didn't support Hillary Clinton in 2016|first=Annie|last=Grayer|website=]|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=2020-04-10|archive-date=April 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422122838/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/30/politics/bernie-sanders-umbrage-clinton-2016/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery>


==== Nominees ====
File:Lincoln Chafee (14290233225) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:HRC in Iowa APR 2015.jpg|{{center|] (])}} {{Hillary Clinton series}}{{Main|2 = Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
File:Governor O'Malley Portrait.jpg|{{center|] (])}}
|-
File:Bernie Sanders (19197909424) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|]<big>'''2016 Democratic Party ticket '''</big>
File:Webb in Waterloo (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
|-
</gallery>
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#2633FF; width:200px;"| ]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#2633FF; width:200px;"| ]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| ]
| ]
|-
| ]<br />]<br /><small>(2009–2013)</small>
| ]<br />from ]<br /><small>(2013–present)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|}


===== Other candidates ===== ==== Candidates ====
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates}}
The following notable individuals have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy; filed as a candidate with FEC.
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a stand-alone page on Misplaced Pages -->
<!-- Please list individuals in alphabetical order, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
* ], ] and ] from ]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://politicker.com/2012/12/conspiracy-theorist-jeff-boss-launches-mayoral-bid/|title=Conspiracy Theorist Jeff Boss Launches Mayoral Bid|last=Walker|first=Hunter|date=December 26, 2012|work=]|accessdate=June 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/403/14031290403/14031290403.pdf|title=Jeff Boss FEC filing|date=August 25, 2014|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref>
* ], ] and ] presidential candidate in ] from ]<ref>Burns, Michael (October 30, 2014) , '']''. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref><ref>Palmes-Dennis, Susan (November 1, 2013) , '']''. Retrieved November 22, 2013</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/508/13031134508/13031134508.pdf|title=Robert Carr Wells Jr. FEC filing|date=November 11, 2013|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref>
* ], businessman and ] from Illinois<ref> '']''. May 12, 2015. Accessed June 3, 2015.</ref><ref> '']''. June 1, 2015. Accessed June 3, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/995/15951370995/15951370995.pdf|title=Willie Wilson FEC filing|date=May 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref>


The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules were changed which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates.
====Formally exploring a candidacy====
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a standalone bio page on Misplaced Pages. -->
<!-- Please list entries in alphabetical order by surname, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source before adding potential candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
*], professor at ], political activist; launched an exploratory campaign.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/11/politics/larry-lessig-presidential-campaign-exploration/index.html | title=Harvard professor Lawrence Lessig is exploring a long shot presidential bid | publisher=].com | date=August 11, 2015 | accessdate=August 11, 2015 | author=Merica, Dan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/lawrence-lessig-running-for-president-20150811 | title=Why Exactly Is Lawrence Lessig Considering Running for President? | work=] | date=August 11, 2015 | accessdate=August 11, 2015 | author=Foran, Clare}}</ref>


Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary.
==== Publicly expressed interest ====
{{as of|2015|8}}, the following potential candidate has expressed interest in running for president within the past three months.
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a standalone bio page on Misplaced Pages. -->
<!-- Please list entries in alphabetical order by surname, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source dated within the past three (3) months per candidate before adding candidate(s) or potential candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
<!-- Please move potential candidates with expired (older than three months) sources to the "Previous" list at the page "Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016". Please move potential candidates who have declined to run to the "Declined" list at the aforementioned page. -->
* ], ] since 2009; ] from ] 1973–2009; presidential candidate in ] and ]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Feldmann|first1=Linda|title=Will Joe Biden run for president? Drumbeat picks up.|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2015/0703/Will-Joe-Biden-run-for-president-Drumbeat-picks-up|accessdate=6 July 2015|agency=The Christian Science Monitor|date=3 July 2015}}</ref><ref>Sylte, Allison (July 21, 2015) , ]. Retrieved July 27, 2015.</ref><ref>Chozick, Amy (August 1, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved August 3, 2015.</ref>


{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%"
=== Republican Party ===
|- <sup>†</sup>
{{Main|Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016|Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016}}
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:700px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|''<small>Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote from the primaries</small>''
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|]
|-
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|U.S. senator from ]<br /> <small>(2007–''present'')</small>
|61st<br />]<br /><small>(2007–2015)</small>
|]<br /><small>(2009–2016)</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from ]<br /><small>(2007–2013)</small>
|74th<br />]<br /><small>(2011–2015)</small>
|-
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''{{abbr|LN|lost nomination}}: July 26, 2016''<br /><small>'''13,167,848''' votes</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: February 1, 2016''<br /><small>110,423 votes</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: November 2, 2015''<br /><small>4 write-in votes in New Hampshire</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: October 20, 2015''<br /><small>2 write-in votes in New Hampshire</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: October 23, 2015''<br /><small>0 votes</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=MJ|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last3=Zeleny|first3=Jeff|title=Bernie Sanders endorses Hillary Clinton|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders/|access-date=November 3, 2017|agency=CNN|date=July 12, 2016|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818120844/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref>Yglesias, Matthew (February 1, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525034739/https://www.vox.com/2016/2/1/10892184/omalley-drops-out |date=May 25, 2017 }}, ].com. Retrieved February 1, 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-endorses-hillary-clinton-20160609-story.html |title=Martin O'Malley endorses Hillary Clinton |date=June 9, 2016 |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |last1=Fritze |first1=John |access-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-date=June 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614095405/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-endorses-hillary-clinton-20160609-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<ref name="outofrace"/>
|<ref>Walsh, Michael (October 20, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024003910/https://www.yahoo.com/politics/jim-webb-plans-to-drop-out-of-democratic-primary-153500314.html |date=October 24, 2015 }}, ] Politics. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</ref>
|<ref>Merica, Dan; LoBianco, Tom (October 23, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405082850/http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/23/politics/lincoln-chafee-2016-election-dnc-meeting/index.html |date=April 5, 2016 }}, ].com. Retrieved October 23, 2015</ref>
|}


==== Vice presidential selection ====
United States Senator from ] ] became the first major candidate to announce a campaign in the 2016 election, which he did on March 23, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/23/us/politics/ted-cruz-to-announce-on-monday-he-plans-to-run-for-president.html?_r=0|title=Ted Cruz Hopes Early Campaign Entry Will Focus Voters' Attention|last=Martin|first=Nathan|author2=Maggie Haberman|date=22 March 2015|work=]|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ted Cruz Announces Presidential Bid|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ted-cruz-announce-presidential-bid-monday-n328051|accessdate=March 23, 2015|agency=]|date=March 23, 2015}}</ref> ] Senator ] became the next candidate to announce on April 7, 2015.<ref name="Camia">{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/04/07/rand-paul-president-2016-announcement/25041783/ | first=Catalina | last=Camia | title=Rand Paul announces presidential run | work=] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=April 7, 2015}}</ref> ], Senator of ], became the next candidate, announcing on April 13.<ref name="He's in">Jaffe, Alexandra; ] (April 13, 2015) , ]. Retrieved April 14, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news | last1=Leary | first1=Alex | title=Marco Rubio, Casting Himself as a Leader for a New Generation, is Running for President | url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/stateroundup/marco-rubio-will-announce-for-president-today-in-miami/2225233 | date=April 13, 2015 | publisher='']'' | accessdate=April 14, 2015}}</ref> Both neurosurgeon ] and businesswoman ] announced their candidacies on May 4, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Katie|first1=Glueck|title=Ben Carson to announce 2016 intentions in Detroit on May 4|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/ben-carson-2016-announcement-2016-bid-detroit-116946.html#ixzz3XdACQdAX|accessdate=18 April 2015|publisher='']''|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Wall Street Journal">{{cite news|last1=Epstein|first1=Reid|title=Carly Fiorina to Launch Presidential Campaign on May 4|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/carly-fiorina-to-launch-presidential-campaign-on-may-4-1429732381|accessdate=April 26, 2015|publisher='']''|date=April 22, 2015}}</ref> ], former Governor of ] and ] ], announced his candidacy the next day.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barabak|first1=Mark Z.|title=Mike Huckabee edges toward 2016 run; May 5 announcement planned|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-mike-huckabee-2016-20150417-story.html|publisher=''Los Angeles Times''|date=April 17, 2015}}</ref> ] ] and former Senator from ] ] announced his campaign on May 27.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/ |title=Announcement – Rick Santorum for President |publisher=Ricksantorum.com |date= |accessdate=June 5, 2015}}</ref> Former ] Governor ] was the next to announce, doing so on May 28, 2015.<ref name="Fahrenthold, David A">{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/28/george-pataki-to-launch-presidential-campaign/?wpisrc=al_alert-politics | title=George Pataki announces presidential campaign | work=] | date=May 28, 2015 | accessdate=May 28, 2015 | author=Fahrenthold, David A.}}</ref> ], Senator from ], announced he was running on June 1.<ref>{{cite news|title = Lindsey Graham Announces Presidential Bid|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/02/us/politics/lindsey-graham-presidential-campaign.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = June 1, 2015|access-date = June 1, 2015|issn = 0362-4331|first = Alan|last = Rappeport}}</ref> Former Governor of Texas ], who also ran ], announced he was running again on June 4.<ref name="usat_Rick">{{cite web | title = Rick Perry launches 2016 presidential campaign | last = Jervis | first = Rick | last2 = Camia | first2 = Catalina | work = ] | date = June 4, 2015 | accessdate = June 4, 2015| url = http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/06/04/rick-perry-president-2016-campaign/23842295/ | quote = }}</ref> Former Governor of Florida ] joined the race on June 15.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeb Bush set to launch 2016 presidential bid today; logo omits last name|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/national-politics/20150615-jeb-bush-set-to-launch-2016-presidential-bid-today-logo-omits-last-name.ece|publisher=Dallasnews.com|accessdate= June 15, 2015}}</ref> Real estate developer and reality TV host ] announced he was running on June 16.<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump Announces Presidential Campaign|url=http://www.wsj.com/video/donald-trump-announces-presidential-campaign/FC815E51-F818-4A4C-9711-05F18E8918BE.html|accessdate= June 16, 2015|publisher='']''|date=June 16, 2015}}</ref> ], Governor of ], announced his campaign on June 24.<ref name=Fox>{{cite web|title=Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal Becomes First Asian-Indian to Run for President|url=http://nation.foxnews.com/2015/06/24/louisiana-gov-bobby-jindal-becomes-first-asian-indian-run-president|website=Fox News|accessdate= June 25, 2015}}</ref> Governor ] of ] announced he was running on June 30.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moody|first1=Chris|last2=Killough|first2=Ashley|title=Chris Christie launches 2016 presidential bid|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/30/politics/chris-christie-2016-presidential-campaign/|accessdate=July 6, 2015|publisher=]|date=June 30, 2015}}</ref> Governor of ] ] announced his candidacy on July 13.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ | title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race | publisher=].com | date=July 13, 2015 | accessdate=13 July 2015 | author=Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom}}</ref> ] Governor ] announced his run on July 21.<ref name="Stolberg, Sheryl Gay">{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/us/politics/john-kasich-election-2016-presidential-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=John Kasich Enters Crowded 2016 Race Facing Job of Catch-Up | work=] | date=July 21, 2015 | accessdate=July 21, 2015 | author=Stolberg, Sheryl Gay}}</ref> Former ] Governor ] was the most recent Republican candidate to announce his candidacy, which he did on July 30, 2015.<ref name=Gilmore>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/07/30/jim-gilmore-presidential-announcement/30830661/ | title=Jim Gilmore formally joins GOP presidential race | work=] | date=July 30, 2015 | accessdate=July 30, 2015 | author=Allen, Cooper}}</ref>
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection}}


In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries.<ref name="phealy1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/us/politics/hillary-clinton-vice-president.html |title=Hillary Clinton's Campaign, Cautious but Confident, Begins Considering Running Mates |date=April 23, 2016 |newspaper=] |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |access-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423135922/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/us/politics/hillary-clinton-vice-president.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-June, '']'' reported that Clinton's shortlist included Representative ] from California, Senator ] from ], Senator ] from ], Housing and Urban Development Secretary ] from ], Mayor of ] ] from ], Senator ] from ], ] ] from ], Representative ] from Ohio, and Senator ] from ].<ref name="matthewsvp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes |title=Hillary Clinton's VP shortlist has leaked. Here are the pros and cons of each. |date=June 16, 2016 |publisher=] |last1=Matthews |first1=Dylan |access-date=July 23, 2016 |archive-date=July 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture ], retired Admiral ], and Governor ] of Colorado.<ref name="gearan">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/two-names-emerge-from-clintons-vp-deliberations-kaine-and-vilsack/2016/07/19/62189146-4d2d-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |title=Two names emerge from Clinton's VP deliberations: Kaine and Vilsack |date=July 19, 2016 |newspaper=] |last1=Gearan |first1=Anne |access-date=July 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102175648/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/two-names-emerge-from-clintons-vp-deliberations-kaine-and-vilsack/2016/07/19/62189146-4d2d-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton said the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president.<ref name="gearan"/>
==== Declared candidates====
Individuals included in this section have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party; filed as a Republican presidential candidate with the ] (FEC) (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed alphabetically by surname.
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have been included in at least 5 independent polls. -->
<!-- Please list individuals in alphabetical order, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->


On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate.<ref name="gearan3">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sen-timothy-m-kaine-of-virginia-chosen-as-hillary-clintons-vp/2016/07/22/8926ecce-4ed6-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |title=Sen. Timothy M. Kaine of Virginia chosen as Hillary Clinton's VP |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=] |last2=Wagner |first2=John |last1=Gearan |first1=Anne |access-date=July 23, 2016 |archive-date=July 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724163646/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sen-timothy-m-kaine-of-virginia-chosen-as-hillary-clintons-vp/2016/07/22/8926ecce-4ed6-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The delegates at the ], which took place July 25–28, formally nominated the Democratic ticket.
===== Candidates featured in major polls =====


=== Minor parties and independents===
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a standalone bio page on Misplaced Pages. -->
{{Main|Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election}}
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
] and ], October 2016 in ]]]
Candidates included in this section have been listed in five or more ]


] and ] who obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally or on ballot in at least 15 states are listed separately.
*], former ] <small>(1999–2007)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 | title=Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official | publisher=] | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 15, 2015 | author=Rafferty, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf | title=Jeb Bush FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref>
*], former Director of Pediatric ], ] <small>(1984–2013)</small><ref>{{cite news|last1=Terris|first1=Ben|title=Ben Carson announces presidential campaign|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/|publisher='']''|date=May 3, 2015|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 | title=Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run | publisher=] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Rafferty , Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf | title=Ben Carson FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] <small>(2010–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news|title=Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging ‘Truth’ About Nation’s Woes| work=] | date=June 30, 2015 | accessdate=June 30, 2015 | author=Barbaro, Michael}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf | title=Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 1, 2015 | accessdate=July 6, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] from ] <small>(2013–''present'')</small><!-- Please DO NOT REMOVE TED CRUZ from this list or add disclaimers regarding his eligibility to be President. Please see the Misplaced Pages article *Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016*, section "Eligibility concerns", for information on this subject --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html|title=Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid| work=] | date=March 22, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run|title=Ted Cruz Announces He’s Running for President| work=] | date=March 23, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Zezima, Katie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf|title=Ted Cruz FEC filing|date=March 23, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] of ] <small>(1999–2005)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html | title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' | work=] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Gass, Nick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf | title=Carly Fiorina FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(1998–2002)</small><ref name="Gilmore"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf | title=Jim Gilmore FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 29, 2015 | accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] from ] <small>(2003–''present'')</small><ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) , ]. Retrieved June 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf | title=Lindsey Graham FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 1, 2015 | accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(1996–2007)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race | work=] | date=May 5, 2015 | accessdate=May 5, 2015 | author=Trip, Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mike Huckabee FEC Filing |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(2008–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ | title=Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race | work=] | date=June 24, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015 | author=Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf | title=Bobby Jindal FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 29, 2015 | accessdate= June 30, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] <small>(2011–''present'')</small><ref name="Stolberg, Sheryl Gay"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf | title=John Kasich FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 23, 2015 | accessdate= July 28, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(1995–2006)</small><ref name="Fahrenthold, David A" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf|title=George Pataki FEC filing|date=June 2, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] from ] <small>(2011–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 | title=Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website | publisher=] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Lambert, Lisa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ | title=Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' | publisher=] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Killough, Ashley}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf|title=Rand Paul FEC filing|date=April 8, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 9, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] <small>(2000–2015)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ | title=Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid | work=] | date=June 4, 2015 | accessdate=June 4, 2015 | author=Beckwith , Ryan Teague; Rhodan, Maya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf|title=Rick Perry FEC filing|date=June 19, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 22, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] from ] <small>(2011–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html?smid=tw-bna | title=Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid | publisher='']'' | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate= April 13, 2015 | author=Parker, Ashley}}</ref><ref name="Pitch">Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved April 14, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf | title=Marco Rubio FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
*], former ] from ] <small>(1995–2007)</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ | title=Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign | work=] | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=28 May 2015 | author=Jackson, David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf | title=Rick Santorum FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref>
*], Chairman of ] <small>(1971–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-big-2016-announcement--2015-6 | title=Donald Trump is running for president | publisher=Business Insider | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/ | title=Donald Trump announces presidential bid| publisher= Washington Post | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/291/15031432291/15031432291.pdf | title=Donald Trump FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 22, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015}}</ref>
*], ] <small>(2011–''present'')</small><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ | title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race | publisher=].com | date=July 13, 2015 | accessdate= July 13, 2015 | author=Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scott Walker FEC filing|url=http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1|website=FEC|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=July 13, 2015}}</ref>


==== Libertarian Party ====
<gallery perrow=6>
{{Main|Libertarian Party (United States)|2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries}}
{{Gary Johnson series}}
{{Bill Weld series}}
* ''']''', ]. Vice-presidential nominee: ''']''', ]


:''Additional Party Endorsements: ]''
File:Jeb Bush (16686581821) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Ben Carson at CPAC 2015.jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie at Southern Republican Leadership Conference (SRLC), Oklahoma City, OK May 2015 by Michael Vadon 130 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:US Senator of Texas Ted Cruz at FITN in Nashua, NH 07 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Carly Fiorina (16669797001) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor of Virginia Jim Gilmore at -FITN in Nashua, NH (17009069597) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:US Senator of South Carolina Lindsey Graham at FITN in Nashua, NH by Michael Vadon 05 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Mike Huckabee at 2014 CPAC (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor of Louisiana Bobby Jindal at -FITN in Nashua, New Hampshire (17204151842) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor of Ohio John Kasich at FITN in Nashua, NH by Michael Vadon 02 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor Pataki 2015 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Rand Paul (18800541875) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Gov. Perry CPAC February 2015.jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Marco Rubio (16491577129) (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 8 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Donald Trump by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg|{{center|] (])}}
File:Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker 11 (cropped).jpg|{{center|] (])}}
</gallery>


Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes
===== Other candidates =====

The following notable individuals have taken one or both of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy; filed as a candidate with FEC.
'''Nominees'''
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a stand-alone page on Misplaced Pages -->
{{Main|2 = Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign}}
<!-- Please list individuals in alphabetical order, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->

<!-- Please provide at least ONE reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->
{{Nominee Table
| party logo = Libertarian Disc.svg
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| top text color = black
| header = 2016 Libertarian Party ticket
| president = Gary Johnson
| vice president = Bill Weld
| president portrait = Gary Johnson campaign portrait.jpg
| vp portrait = Bill Weld campaign portrait.jpg
| experience = ]<br />]<br /><small>(1995–2003)</small>
| vp experience = ]<br />]<br /><small>(1991–1997)</small>
| campaign = Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign
| campaignlogo = Johnson Weld 2016.svg
| top color = Gold
| bottom color=#ffffbf}}
{{clear}}

==== Green Party ====
{{Main|Green Party of the United States|2016 Green Party presidential primaries}}
{{Jill Stein series}}
* ''']''', physician from ]. Vice-presidential nominee: ''']''', activist from ]

Ballot access to 480 electoral votes (''522 with write-in''):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/02/new-hampshire-secretary-of-state-says-jill-stein-petition-is-valid/ |title=New Hampshire Secretary of State Says Jill Stein Petition is Valid |date=September 2, 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org |access-date=September 2, 2016 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903170312/http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/02/new-hampshire-secretary-of-state-says-jill-stein-petition-is-valid/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
]
* As write-in: <small>''Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina''<ref name="Green Party Ballot Access">{{cite web |url=http://www.gp.org/ballotaccess |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505231521/http://www.gp.org/ballotaccess |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |title=Ballot Access |publisher=gp.org|access-date=June 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/11/jill-stein-qualifies-for-write-in-status-in-north-carolina-no-other-write-in-presidential-candidate-does-so/ |title=Jill Stein Qualifies for Write-in Status in North Carolina; No Other Write-in Presidential Candidate Does So |work=] |access-date=August 20, 2016 |date=August 11, 2016 |first=Richard |last=Winger |archive-date=August 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820201031/http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/11/jill-stein-qualifies-for-write-in-status-in-north-carolina-no-other-write-in-presidential-candidate-does-so/ |url-status=live }}</ref></small>
* No ballot access: <small>Nevada, South Dakota, Oklahoma<ref name="Green Party Ballot Access"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/01/nevada-green-party-loses-ballot-access-lawsuit/#comment-306033 |title=Nevada Green Party Loses Ballot Access Lawsuit |date=September 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org |access-date=September 2, 2016 |archive-date=September 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902151610/http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/01/nevada-green-party-loses-ballot-access-lawsuit/#comment-306033 |url-status=live }}</ref></small>

'''Nominees'''
{{Main|2 = Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign}}

{{Nominee Table
| party logo = Green Disc.svg
| party = Green Party of the United States
| header = 2016 Green Party ticket
| president = Jill Stein
| vice president = Ajamu Baraka
| president portrait = Jill Stein by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| vp portrait = Ajamu Baraka at Oct 2016 Berkeley rally for Jill Stein - 4 (cropped) (cropped).jpg
| experience = Physician<br />from ]
| vp experience = Activist<br />from ]
| campaign = Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign
| campaignlogo = Jill 2016.png
| campaignlogosize = 200px
| bottom color = #6BDE9D
}}
{{clear}}

==== Constitution Party ====
{{Main|Constitution Party of the United States|2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries}}
* ''']''', attorney from ]. Vice-presidential nominee: ''']''', businessman from ]

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (''451 with write-in''):<ref name="Constitution party ballot access">{{cite web |url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/get-involved/election-central/ballot-access/ |title=Ballot access {{!}} The Constitution Party |website=www.constitutionparty.com |date=February 9, 2015 |access-date=October 3, 2016 |archive-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117104611/http://www.constitutionparty.com/get-involved/election-central/ballot-access/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ND2016-09-07">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/07/north-dakota-says-all-three-independent-presidential-petitions-are-valid/ |date=September 7, 2016 |first=Richard |last=Winger |work=] |title=North Dakota Says All Three Independent Presidential Petitions are Valid |author-link=Richard Winger |access-date=September 7, 2016 |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915022552/http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/07/north-dakota-says-all-three-independent-presidential-petitions-are-valid/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
]
* As write-in: <small>''Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia''<ref name="Constitution party ballot access"/><ref name="AZ">{{cite web |url=http://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/home.htm |title=2016 Election Information |publisher=Arizona Secretary of State |website=azsos.gov |access-date=September 28, 2016 |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022150837/http://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/home.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GA">{{cite web |url=http://elections.sos.ga.gov/GAElection/CandidateDetails |title=Qualifying Candidate Information |first=Brian |last=Kemp |publisher=Georgia Secretary of State |website=sos.ga.gov |date=September 12, 2016 |access-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-date=September 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916211411/http://elections.sos.ga.gov/GAElection/CandidateDetails |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/elections/2016/general_candidates/gen_cand_lists_2016_4_001-.html |title=2016 Candidate Listing |publisher=Maryland State Board of Elections |website=elections.state.md.us |year=2016 |access-date=September 21, 2016 |archive-date=September 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921222654/http://www.elections.state.md.us/elections/2016/general_candidates/gen_cand_lists_2016_4_001-.html |url-status=live }}</ref></small><ref name="VA">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.virginia.gov/Files/CastYourBallot/CandidateList/CertifiedWrite-in-USPresVicePres2016.pdf |title=2016 Certification of Write-in Candidates—President and Vice President |publisher=Virginia Department of Elections |access-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029114815/http://www.elections.virginia.gov/Files/CastYourBallot/CandidateList/CertifiedWrite-in-USPresVicePres2016.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* No ballot access: <small>California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma<ref name="Constitution party ballot access"/></small>

'''Nominees'''

{{Main|2 = Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign}}<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" |
<big>''']'''</big>
|-
! style=" font-size:135%; background:purple; width:200px;"| {{color|white|]}}
! style=" font-size:135%; background:purple; width:200px;"| ]
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#A049AF;"
| style=" width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style=" width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| ]
|
|-
| Attorney<br />from ]
| Businessman<br />from ]
|-
| colspan=2 |''']'''
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|-
| colspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution Party Nominates Darrell Castle and Scott Bradley |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/04/16/constitution-party-nominates-darrell-castle/ |date=April 16, 2016 |access-date=August 23, 2016 |archive-date=September 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905221746/http://ballot-access.org/2016/04/16/constitution-party-nominates-darrell-castle/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Independent ====
{{Main|Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign}}
* ''']''', chief policy director for the ]. Vice-presidential nominee: ''']''', president of Empowered Women.
:''Additional Party Endorsement: ], ]''

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (''451 with write-in''):<ref name="McMullin states">{{cite web |last1=McMullin |first1=Evan |title=34 States and Counting |url=https://www.evanmcmullin.com/34_states_and_counting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002212433/https://www.evanmcmullin.com/34_states_and_counting |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |website=Evan McMullin for President |publisher=Rumpf, Sarah |access-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref>
]
* As write-in: <small>''Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin''<ref name="McMullin states"/><ref name="CA">{{cite web |url=http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov//statewide-elections/2016-general/list-write-in-candidates.pdf |title=November 8, 2016, General Election Certified List of Write-In Candidates |date=October 28, 2016 |website=elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov |publisher=California Secretary of State |access-date=October 28, 2016 |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029103500/http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/statewide-elections/2016-general/list-write-in-candidates.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CT">{{cite web |url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/lead_communications/2016/20161027114816968.pdf |title=Registered Write-In Candidates November 8, 2016 |date=October 28, 2016 |website=sots.ct.gov |publisher=Connecticut Secretary of State |access-date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029050252/http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/lead_communications/2016/20161027114816968.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KS">{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/16elec/2016_General_Election-Write-In_Presidential_Candidates.pdf |title=2016 General Election Write-In Presidential Candidates |publisher=Kansas Secretary of State |website=sos.ks.gov |date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016 |archive-date=November 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104000040/http://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/16elec/2016_General_Election-Write-In_Presidential_Candidates.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MO">{{cite magazine |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/31/missouri-secretary-of-state-releases-list-of-presidential-write-in-candidates/ |title=Missouri Secretary of State Releases List of Presidential Write-in Candidates |first=Richard |last=Winger |magazine=Ballot Access News |date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016 |archive-date=November 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101112444/http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/31/missouri-secretary-of-state-releases-list-of-presidential-write-in-candidates/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NY">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/download/law/OfficialPresidentialWrite-Ins2016.pdf |title=Official Write-In Candidates for President |date=October 24, 2016 |website=www.elections.ny.gov |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=October 24, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025115417/https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/download/law/OfficialPresidentialWrite-Ins2016.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ND">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/20/six-write-in-presidential-candidates-file-to-have-north-dakota-write-ins-counted/ |title=Six Write-in Presidential Candidates File to Have North Dakota Write-ins Counted |first=Richard |last=Winger |publisher=Ballot Access News |website=ballot-access.org |date=October 20, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021011336/http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/20/six-write-in-presidential-candidates-file-to-have-north-dakota-write-ins-counted/ |url-status=live }}</ref></small>
* No ballot access: <small>District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming</small>

In some states, Evan McMullin's running mate was listed as Nathan Johnson on the ballot rather than Mindy Finn, although Nathan Johnson was intended to only be a placeholder until an actual running mate was chosen.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Daniel |title=Whoops: Independent candidate appears to have accidentally picked a running mate |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/evan-mcmullin-running-mate-227803 |access-date=November 16, 2016 |work=] |date=September 7, 2016 |archive-date=September 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200916021645/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/evan-mcmullin-running-mate-227803 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate --> <!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
* ], former ], former President of the ] from ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/mar/5/mark-everson-launches-gop-white-house-bid-pro-amne/|title=Mark Everson, former Reagan & Bush aide, launches GOP White House bid on pro-amnesty platform| work=] | date=March 5, 2015 | accessdate=March 5, 2015 | author=Dinan, Stephen}}</ref><ref>Larson, Leslie (March 5, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved March 9, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/333/15950849333/15950849333.pdf|title=Mark Everson FEC filing|date=March 10, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=March 17, 2015}}</ref>
|-
* ], retired engineer from ]; 2012 ] presidential nominee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/507/12030951507/12030951507.pdf|title=Jack Fellure FEC filing|date=November 13, 2012|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''2016 Independent ticket'''</big>
|-
! style=" font-size:135%; background:#FF5800; width:200px;"| ]
! style=" font-size:135%; background:#FF5800; width:200px;"| ]
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:orange;"
| style=" width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style=" width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| ]
| ]
|-
| Chief policy director for the <br />] <small>{{nowrap|(2015–2016)}}</small>
| President of<br />Empowered Women<br /><small>(2015–''present'')</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |''']'''
|-
| colspan=2 |]
|-
| colspan=2 |<ref name="BuzzFeed">{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/mckaycoppins/anti-trump-republican-launching-independent-presidential-bid |title=Anti-Trump Republican Launching Independent Presidential Bid |date=August 8, 2016 |publisher=] |access-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808125210/https://www.buzzfeed.com/mckaycoppins/anti-trump-republican-launching-independent-presidential-bid |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
'''Party for Socialism and Liberation'''


{{Nominee table
=== Green Party ===
| party = Party for Socialism and Liberation
{{Further|Green Party of the United States}}
| party logo = Party for Socialism and Liberation Logo.svg
| president = Gloria La Riva
| vice president = Eugene Puryear
| president portrait = Gloria La Riva at Trump inauguration protest SF Jan 20 2017.jpg
| vp portrait = Eugene Puryear (20243720420) (cropped).jpg
| experience = Newspaper printer and activist from California
| vp experience = Activist from Washington, D.C.
| campaign = Gloria La Riva 2016 presidential campaign
| campaignlogo = Gloria-la-riva-for-president-votesocialist.png
| campaignlogosize=200px
| bottom color = #800000
}}


==== Other nominations ====
'''Ballot Access:''' <small>Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin</small> (296 Electoral Votes)<ref>, '']''. August 6, 2015.</ref><ref>, '']''. August 6, 2015.</ref>
{{Main|Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election}}
<!-- Parties and candidates in this section have attained ballot lines in one or more states, but not for a majority of electoral votes. Individuals included in this section have either received the presidential nomination of a ], or are running as an ] presidential candidate. -->
<!-- Please list only minor parties which have a standalone page on Misplaced Pages. -->
<!-- Please list presidential tickets in order of the number of electoral votes the party/candidate has ballot lines for. Keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See ] for guidelines on sourcing. -->
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="width:15em;"|Party
!Presidential nominee
!Vice presidential nominee
!style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"|Attainable electors<br />(''write-in'')
!style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"|Popular vote
!style="width:18em;"|States with ballot access<br />(''write-in'')
|-
|]<br />
]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/13/peace-freedom-party-nominates-gloria-lariva-for-president/ |title=Peace & Freedom Party Nominates Gloria LaRiva for President |first=Richard |last=Winger |work=] |date=August 13, 2016 |access-date=August 13, 2016 |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427072825/http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/13/peace-freedom-party-nominates-gloria-lariva-for-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/05/15/liberty-union-party-of-vermont-nominates-gloria-la-riva-for-president/ |title=Liberty Union Party of Vermont Nominates Gloria La Riva for President |last=Winger |first=Richard |date=May 15, 2016 |work=] |access-date=May 16, 2016 |archive-date=May 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516102533/http://ballot-access.org/2016/05/15/liberty-union-party-of-vermont-nominates-gloria-la-riva-for-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|]<br />Newspaper printer and activist from ]
|]<br />Activist from ]
|112<br />(''226'')<br />]
|74,402<br />''(0.05%)''
|<small>California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington<ref name="BAN others">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/01/september-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition |title=September 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition |first=Richard |last=Winger |website=ballot-access.org |volume=32 |number=4 |page=6 |date=September 1, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002124103/http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/01/september-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FL">{{cite web |url=http://dos.elections.myflorida.com/candidates/canlist.asp |title=Candidate Listing |publisher=Florida Department of State, Division of Elections |website=elections.myflorida.com |year=2016 |access-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-date=September 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912103242/https://dos.elections.myflorida.com/candidates/Index.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><br />(''Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia'')<ref name="CT" /><ref name="KS" /><ref name="NY" /><ref name="MD" /><ref name="BAN write-in">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/30/july-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |title=Ballot Access News |last=Winger |first=Richard |date=July 1, 2016 |website=ballot-access.org |page=4 |volume=32 |number=2 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |quote=States that allow write-ins in the general election, and don't have write-in filing laws, are legally obliged to count all write-ins: Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont{{nbsp}}... Only one state, South Carolina, has a law that says that although write-ins in general elections are permitted, they are not permitted for president. |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205153417/http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/30/july-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DE">{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/pdfs/2016GeneralElectionDeclaredWriteInCandidates.pdf |title=Declared Write-In Candidates, November 8, 2016 General Election |year=2016 |website=elections.delaware.gov |publisher=Delaware Department of Elections |access-date=September 21, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911192343/http://elections.delaware.gov/pdfs/2016GeneralElectionDeclaredWriteInCandidates.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="OR write-in">{{cite web |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Oregon#Write-in_requirements |title=Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Oregon |website=ballotpedia.org |publisher=Ballotpedia |access-date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=April 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430234926/https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Oregon#Write-in_requirements |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WV">{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.wv.gov/elections/current/Documents/Write-In%20Candidate%20Listing.pdf|title=Write-In Candidate Listing|year=2016|website=sos.wv.gov|publisher=West Virginia Secretary of State|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910041646/http://www.sos.wv.gov/elections/current/Documents/Write-In%20Candidate%20Listing.pdf|archive-date=September 10, 2016|access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MN write-in">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/MN#P |title=Minnesota 2016 General Election |editor=Tony Roza |website=thegreenpapers.com |year=2016 |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015105317/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/MN#P |url-status=live }}</ref></small>
|-
|''Independent''
|]<br />Real Estate Agent from ]
|]<br />Preacher from ]
|18<br />(''173'')
|24,307<br />''(0.02%)''
|<small>Ohio<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/mediaCenter/2016/2016-08-24.aspx |title=Husted Announces Independent Candidates for President and Vice President |first=Jon |last=Husted |publisher=Ohio Secretary of State |website=sos.state.oh.us |date=August 24, 2016 |access-date=September 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919062914/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/mediaCenter/2016/2016-08-24.aspx |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />(''Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia'')<ref name="MD"/><ref name="BAN write-in"/><ref name="DE"/><ref name="IN">{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2016%20General%20Election%20Candidate%20Abbreviated%20List%2008%2022%2016.pdf |title=2016 General Election Candidate Abbreviated List |date=August 22, 2016 |website=www.in.gov |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State Election Division |access-date=October 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012085247/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2016%20General%20Election%20Candidate%20Abbreviated%20List%2008%2022%2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NE">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/NE |title=Nebraska 2016 General Election |first=Tony |last=Roza |website=thegreenpapers.com |year=2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016 |archive-date=November 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114021010/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/NE |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OR write-in"/><ref name="WV"/><ref name="FL"/><ref name="MN write-in"/><ref name="ID write-in">{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/candidat/2016/16_General_WriteIn_List.pdf |title=2016 November General Write-In List |publisher=Idaho Secretary of State |website=sos.idaho.gov |date=October 11, 2016 |access-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012161631/http://sos.idaho.gov/elect/candidat/2016/16_General_WriteIn_List.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MT">{{cite web |url=http://sos.mt.gov/Elections/Officials/Forms/documents/Write-In-State-Filed-Candidates-General.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929231248/http://sos.mt.gov/Elections/Officials/Forms/documents/Write-In-State-Filed-Candidates-General.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2016 |title=2016 General Election Official State-Filed Write-In Candidates |first=Henry |last=Jorden |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |website=sos.mt.gov |date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="AK">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.alaska.gov/election/2016/General/candidate_info_gen_2016.php |title=November 8, 2016 General Election Candidate List |website=elections.alaska.gov |publisher=State of Alaska Division of Elections |year=2016 |access-date=September 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021061643/http://www.elections.alaska.gov/election/2016/General/candidate_info_gen_2016.php |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KY">{{cite web |url=http://apps.sos.ky.gov/elections/candidatefilings/statewide/default.aspx?id=1 |title=Election Candidate Filings—President of the United States |website=apps.sos.ky.gov |access-date=October 5, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930035408/http://apps.sos.ky.gov/elections/candidatefilings/statewide/default.aspx?id=1 |archive-date=September 30, 2016 }}</ref></small>
|}


== General election campaign ==
==== Declared candidates ====
]


=== Beliefs and policies of candidates ===
* ], ] and ] ] presidential nominee from ]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2015/06/22/green-partys-jill-stein-to-run-again-for-president/121396/| title=Green Party’s Jill Stein to run again for president| work=] | date= June 22, 2015| accessdate= June 23, 2015| author= Bartels, Lynn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/102/201507140300008102/201507140300008102.pdf|title=Jill Stein FEC filing|date=July 14, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump|Political positions of Hillary Clinton}}
Hillary Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the ]. In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan basing her economic philosophy on ], which proposed a "clawback" that rescinds ]s and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; with provision of incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; as well as increasing ] rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of the U.S. in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas.<ref name="offersecplan">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html |title=Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs |first=Amy |last=Chozick |work=] |date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315054339/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Clinton promoted ] to address current alleged shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hillary-clinton-equal-pay-problem-solving-would-be-top-priorities/ |title=Hillary Clinton: Equal pay, problem-solving would be top priorities |date=February 24, 2015 |work=] |access-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117185935/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hillary-clinton-equal-pay-problem-solving-would-be-top-priorities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> promoted explicitly focus on family issues and support of ],<ref name="AP outset">{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/130dda61f1e24e05ba2233b3e80fa638/clinton-patches-relations-liberals-campaigns-outset |title=Clinton patches relations with liberals at campaign's outset |work=The Big Story |agency=Associated Press |first=Lisa |last=Lerder |date=April 19, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623162718/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/130dda61f1e24e05ba2233b3e80fa638/clinton-patches-relations-liberals-campaigns-outset |archive-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref> expressed support for the right to ],<ref name="AP outset" /> and proposed allowing ] to have a path to ] stating that it "{{bracket|i}}s at its heart a family issue".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chozick |first1=Amy |title=A Path to Citizenship, Clinton Says, 'Is at Its Heart a Family Issue' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/05/05/a-path-to-citizenship-clinton-says-is-at-its-heart-a-family-issue/ |work=] |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=December 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217165227/http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/05/05/a-path-to-citizenship-clinton-says-is-at-its-heart-a-family-issue/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Donald Trump's campaign drew heavily on his personal image, enhanced by his previous media exposure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/28/donald-trump-branding-power/ |title=Explaining Donald Trump's Massive Branding Power |author=Geoff, Colvin |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |work=] |archive-date=July 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712205149/http://fortune.com/2016/04/28/donald-trump-branding-power/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The primary slogan of the Trump campaign, extensively used on campaign merchandise, was ]. The red baseball cap with the slogan emblazoned on the front became a symbol of the campaign and has been frequently donned by Trump and his supporters.<ref name="trumphats">{{cite web |last1=Mai-Duc |first1=Christine |title=Inside the Southern California factory that makes the Donald Trump hats |url=https://latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-trump-hats-cali-fame-carson-20151124-story.html |website=] |access-date=July 17, 2016 |date=November 12, 2015 |archive-date=July 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709103659/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-trump-hats-cali-fame-carson-20151124-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump's ] positions—reported by '']'' to be ], ], and semi-]—differ in many ways from ].<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=] |date=February 29, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2016 |quote=What is perhaps more surprising, at least to Washington-based conservatives, is how many Republicans are also embracing Trump's populist lines on ending free trade, protecting Social Security, and providing basic health care. |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225035/http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |url-status=live }}</ref> He opposed many ] and ] that conservatives generally support, and opposed cuts in ] and ]. Moreover, he has insisted that Washington is "broken" and can be fixed only by an outsider.<ref name="Politico915">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/09/trump-tea-party-populist-exposed-213111 |title=How Trump Exposed the Tea Party |work=] Magazine |date=September 3, 2015 |quote=For years the Republican elite has gotten away with promoting policies about trade and entitlements that are the exact opposites of the policies favored by much of their electoral base. Populist conservatives who want to end illegal immigration, tax the rich, protect Social Security and Medicare, and fight fewer foreign wars have been there all along. It's just that mainstream pundits and journalists, searching for a libertarian right more to their liking (and comprehension), refused to see them before the Summer of Trump.}}</ref><ref name="NYT032816">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Confessore |title=How the G.O.P. Elite Lost Its Voters to Donald Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/28/us/politics/donald-trump-republican-voters.html |work=] |date=March 28, 2016 |access-date=March 28, 2016 |quote=While wages declined and workers grew anxious about retirement, Republicans offered an economic program still centered on tax cuts for the affluent and the curtailing of popular entitlements like Medicare and Social Security. |archive-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328075448/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/28/us/politics/donald-trump-republican-voters.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WP032816a">{{cite news |author1=Greg Sargent |title=This one anecdote perfectly explains how Donald Trump is hijacking the GOP |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/03/28/this-one-anecdote-perfectly-explains-how-donald-trump-is-hijacking-the-gop/ |newspaper=] |date=March 28, 2016 |access-date=March 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328135939/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/03/28/this-one-anecdote-perfectly-explains-how-donald-trump-is-hijacking-the-gop/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Support for Trump was high among working and middle-class white male voters with annual incomes of less than $50,000 and no ].<ref name="NYT033016">{{cite news |author1=Thomas B. Edsall |title=Who Are the Angriest Republicans? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/opinion/campaign-stops/who-are-the-angriest-republicans.html |work=] |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330075528/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/opinion/campaign-stops/who-are-the-angriest-republicans.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This group, particularly those without a ], suffered a decline in their income in recent years.<ref name="MJ01816">{{cite news |author1=Steve Rattner |author-link1=Steven Rattner |title=White, working class men back Trump, charts show |url=https://msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/white--working-class-men-back-trump--charts-show-598331459704 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |work=Morning Joe MNSBC |date=January 8, 2016 |format=video |quote=Steve Rattner breaks down the demographics of who is supporting Donald Trump and how these supporters are doing financially. Duration: 2:25 |archive-date=March 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314152133/http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/white--working-class-men-back-trump--charts-show-598331459704 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''The Washington Post'', support for Trump is higher in areas with a higher mortality rate for middle-aged white people.<ref name="WP03416">{{cite news |author1=Jeff Guo |title=Death predicts whether people vote for Donald Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/04/death-predicts-whether-people-vote-for-donald-trump/ |access-date=March 18, 2016 |newspaper=] |date=March 4, 2016 |quote=Even after controlling for these other factors, the middle-aged white death rate in a county was still a significant predictor of the share of votes that went to Trump |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324183221/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/04/death-predicts-whether-people-vote-for-donald-trump/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A sample of interviews with more than 11,000 Republican-leaning respondents from August to December 2015 found that Trump at that time found his strongest support among Republicans in ], followed by ], and then followed by six Southern states.<ref>Nate Cohn, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225023344/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/31/upshot/donald-trumps-strongest-supporters-a-certain-kind-of-democrat.html |date=February 25, 2017 }}, '']'' (December 31, 2015).</ref>
==== Formally exploring a candidacy ====


=== Media coverage ===
* ], musician and environmental activist from ]; formed an exploratory committee<ref>Davis, Glenn (April 20, 2015) , IVN.us. Retrieved May 11, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/DarrylCherneyforPresidentExploratory|title=Darryl Cherney for President Exploratory Committee|work=Facebook}}</ref>
{{Main|Media coverage of the 2016 United States presidential election}}
Clinton had an uneasy—and, at times, adversarial—relationship with the press throughout her life in public service.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |title=What Is Hillary Clinton Afraid Of |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/hillary-clinton-media-105901.html |publisher=]o |date=May 2014 |access-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819060421/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/hillary-clinton-media-105901.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a "complicated" relationship with political reporters.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Merica |title=Hillary Clinton seeks 'new beginning' with the press |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/23/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-election-press/ |publisher=] |date=March 24, 2015 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=June 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617143831/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/23/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-election-press/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions,<ref name="NYT52215">{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |title=Hillary Clinton, Acutely Aware of Pitfalls, Avoids Press on Campaign Trail |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/23/us/politics/hillary-clinton-acutely-aware-of-pitfalls-avoids-press-on-campaign-trail.html |work=] |date=May 22, 2015 |quote=it makes all the political sense in the world for Mrs. Clinton to ignore them |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228154543/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/23/us/politics/hillary-clinton-acutely-aware-of-pitfalls-avoids-press-on-campaign-trail.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Waldman |title=Why Hillary Clinton needs to start treating the press better |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2015/06/02/why-hillary-clinton-needs-to-start-treating-the-press-better/ |newspaper=] |date=June 2, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525042800/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2015/06/02/why-hillary-clinton-needs-to-start-treating-the-press-better/ |url-status=live }}</ref> after which she provided more interviews.


In contrast, Trump benefited from free media more than any other candidate. From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Clinton received.<ref name="FreeMediaAdvantage">Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121191912/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html |date=November 21, 2016 }}, '']'' (March 16, 2016).</ref> According to data from the '']'', which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of ], ] and ], more than all the Democratic campaigns combined.<ref>{{cite web |title=How much does Donald Trump dominate TV news coverage? This much |date=December 6, 2015 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/06/media/donald-trump-nightly-news-coverage/ |publisher=] |access-date=February 17, 2016 |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306042037/http://money.cnn.com/2015/12/06/media/donald-trump-nightly-news-coverage/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tyndall |first1=Andrew |title=COMMENTS: Campaign 2016 Coverage: Annual Totals for 2015 |url=http://tyndallreport.com/comment/20/5773/ |access-date=February 17, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110110/http://tyndallreport.com/comment/20/5773/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Byers |first1=Dylan |title=Donald Trump: Media King, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/politics/trump-media-king/ |publisher=] |access-date=February 17, 2016 |archive-date=March 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301215509/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/politics/trump-media-king |url-status=live }}</ref> Observers noted Trump's ability to garner constant mainstream media coverage "almost at will".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Walsh |first1=Kenneth |title=How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000859/http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign |archive-date=February 25, 2016 }}</ref> However, Trump frequently criticized the media for writing what he alleged to be false stories about him<ref>{{cite web |title=43 Times Donald Trump Has Attacked The Media As A Presidential Candidate |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-has-attacked-the-media-many-many-times_us_56059e0de4b0af3706dc3cce |work=] |date=September 28, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2016 |archive-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229231037/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-has-attacked-the-media-many-many-times_us_56059e0de4b0af3706dc3cce |url-status=live }}</ref> and he has called upon his supporters to be "the ]".<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/us/politics/donald-trump-defiantly-rallies-a-new-silent-majority-in-a-visit-to-arizona.html |title=Donald Trump Defiantly Rallies a New 'Silent Majority' in a Visit to Arizona |newspaper=] |access-date=July 17, 2015 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |date=July 11, 2015 |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714225233/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/us/politics/donald-trump-defiantly-rallies-a-new-silent-majority-in-a-visit-to-arizona.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump also said the media "put false meaning into the words I say", and says he does not mind being criticized by the media as long as they are honest about it.<ref>Walsh, Kenneth. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916083614/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |date=September 16, 2016}}, '']'' (August 15, 2016).</ref><ref>Koppel, Ted. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204042357/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |date=December 4, 2019 }}, '']'' (July 24, 2016).</ref>
=== Libertarian Party ===
{{Further|Libertarian Party (United States)}}


=== Controversies ===
'''Ballot Access:''' <small>Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming</small> (366 electoral votes)<ref name="ballotaccess">{{cite web|url=http://www.ballot-access.org/2014/12/december-2014-ballot-access-news-print-edition/|title=Ballot Access News – December 2014 Ballot Access News Print Edition|work=ballot-access.org}}</ref>
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Donald Trump with supporters (30354747180).jpg
| image2 = Hillary Clinton Raleigh (29892054003).jpg
| caption1 = Trump at a rally in ] on October 29
| caption2 = Clinton campaigning in Raleigh, North Carolina on October 22
}}
According to a wide range of representative polls, both Clinton and Trump had significant net-unfavorability ratings, and their controversial reputations set the tone of the campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president/clintontrumpfavorability.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Clinton & Trump: Favorability Ratings |website=] |access-date=November 16, 2016 |archive-date=November 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064653/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president/clintontrumpfavorability.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


Clinton's practice during her time as Secretary of State of ], in lieu of State Department servers, gained widespread public attention back in March 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/politics/using-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html |title=Using Private Email, Hillary Clinton Thwarted Record Requests |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Chozick |first2=Amy |work=] |date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227095010/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/politics/using-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated.<ref name="wapo-email">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules/2015/03/05/16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html |title=Clinton e-mail review could find security issues |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |last3=Gearan |first3=Anne |newspaper=] |date=March 6, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106035253/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules/2015/03/05/16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server.<ref name="Dilanian Feb 4">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/clinton-emails-held-indirect-references-undercover-cia-officers-n510741 |title=Clinton Emails Held Indirect References to Undercover CIA Officers |first=Ken |last=Dilanian |work=] |date=February 4, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310104304/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/clinton-emails-held-indirect-references-undercover-cia-officers-n510741 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NYT8815>{{cite news |first1=Scott |last1=Shane |first2=Michael S. |last2=Schmidt |title=Hillary Clinton Emails Take Long Path to Controversy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/us/hillary-clinton-emails-take-long-path-to-controversy.html |work=] |date=August 8, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413040355/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/us/hillary-clinton-emails-take-long-path-to-controversy.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Cox |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/27/opinions/cox-clinton-email-controversy/ |title=Hillary Clinton email controversy: How serious is it? |date=July 27, 2015 |publisher=] |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=February 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214083125/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/27/opinions/cox-clinton-email-controversy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/04/how-did-top-secret-emails-end-up-on-hillary-clintons-server/ |title=How did 'top secret' emails end up on Hillary Clinton's server? |date=February 4, 2016 |newspaper=] |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160602054539/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/04/how-did-top-secret-emails-end-up-on-hillary-clintons-server/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Declared candidates====
The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department.


Also, on September 9, Clinton said: "You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump's supporters into what I call the ]. They're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamophobic—you name it",<ref name=npr-20160910>{{cite news |title=Hillary Clinton's 'Basket Of Deplorables,' In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/10/493427601/hillary-clintons-basket-of-deplorables-in-full-context-of-this-ugly-campaign |work=] |first=Domenico |last=Montanaro |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=The remarks also remind of inflammatory remarks in recent presidential elections on both sides—from Barack Obama's assertion in 2008 that people in small towns are "bitter" and "cling to guns or religion," to Mitt Romney's 2012 statement that 47 percent of Americans vote for Democrats because they are "dependent upon government" and believe they are "victims," to his vice presidential pick Paul Ryan's comment that the country is divided between "makers and takers." |access-date=April 6, 2018 |archive-date=April 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411172901/https://www.npr.org/2016/09/10/493427601/hillary-clintons-basket-of-deplorables-in-full-context-of-this-ugly-campaign |url-status=live }}</ref> adding "But that 'other' basket of people are people who feel the government has let them down, the economy has let them down, nobody cares about them, nobody worries about what happens to their lives and their futures; and they're just desperate for change...Those are people we have to understand and empathize with as well".<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2016 |title=Hillary Clinton says half of Trump's supporters are in a "basket of deplorables" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCHJVE9trSM |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=YouTube |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218215534/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCHJVE9trSM }}</ref>
* ], activist and author of Virginia; candidate for the ]'s nomination in 2012<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/06/robert-david-steele-seeking-libertarian-presidential-nomination-wants-to-create-coalition-to-end-two-party-tyranny/| title=Robert David Steele Seeking Libertarian Presidential Nomination, Wants to Create Coalition to End "Two Party Tyranny"| work=Independent Political Report | date= June 16, 2015| accessdate= June 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://bigbatusa.org/robert-steele-declares-for-libertarian-nomination/| title=Robert Steele Declares for Libertarian Nomination| work=We The People Reform Coalition | date= June 16, 2015| accessdate= June 19, 2015}}</ref>


Donald Trump criticized her remark as insulting his supporters.<ref name="bloomberg-20160910">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-09-10/clinton-calls-trumps-supporters-basket-of-deplorables |title=Clinton Calls Some Trump Supporters 'Basket of Deplorables' |work=] |first=Jennifer |last=Epstein |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=Republican pollster Frank Luntz described Clinton's comments as her "47 percent moment," a reference to Republican Mitt Romney's remarks at a private fundraiser in the 2012 campaign. |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112153602/http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-09-10/clinton-calls-trumps-supporters-basket-of-deplorables |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt-20160910">{{cite news |title=Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers 'Deplorables,' and GOP Pounces |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/us/politics/hillary-clinton-basket-of-deplorables.html |work=] |first=Amy |last=Chozick |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=Prof. ], an expert in American political discourse at Texas A&M University, said in an email that the "deplorable" comment "sounds bad on the face of it" and compared it to Mr. Romney's 47 percent gaffe. "The comment demonstrates that she (like Romney) lacks empathy for that group," Professor Mercieca said. |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223014037/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/us/politics/hillary-clinton-basket-of-deplorables.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying "half", while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified "hateful views and voices".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hillary Clinton Says She Regrets Part of Her 'Deplorables' Comment |url=https://time.com/4486601/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-basket-of-deplorables-half/ |magazine=Time |first=Katie |last=Reilly |date=September 10, 2016 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014034420/http://time.com/4486601/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-basket-of-deplorables-half/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Previously on August 25, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump's campaign for using "racist lies" and allowing the ] to gain prominence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/politics/hillary-clinton-speech.html |title=Hillary Clinton Says 'Radical Fringe' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump |work=] |first=Matt |last=Flegenheimer |date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228102810/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/politics/hillary-clinton-speech.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Publicly expressed interest ====


On September 11, Clinton left a 9/11 memorial event early due to illness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/11/politics/hillary-clinton-health-2016-election/index.html|title=Hillary Clinton stumbles—will her campaign follow?|author=Stephen Collinson|website=]|date=September 12, 2016|access-date=July 15, 2019|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201074057/https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/11/politics/hillary-clinton-health-2016-election/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Video footage of Clinton's departure showed Clinton becoming unsteady on her feet and being helped into a van.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/hillary-clinton-has-pneumonia-doctor-says-228012|title=Press rips Clinton campaign's handling of health incident|first=Gabriel|last=Debenedetti|website=]|date=September 11, 2016|access-date=July 15, 2019|archive-date=February 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206023944/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/hillary-clinton-has-pneumonia-doctor-says-228012|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that evening, Clinton reassured reporters that she was "feeling great".<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-clinton-ceremony-idUSKCN11H0JM|title=Suffering from pneumonia, Clinton falls ill at 9/11 memorial,{{nbsp}}...|newspaper=]|date=September 12, 2016|via=www.reuters.com|last1=Becker|first1=Amanda|access-date=July 16, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206080606/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-clinton-ceremony-idUSKCN11H0JM|url-status=live}}</ref> After initially stating that Clinton had become overheated at the event, her campaign later added that she had been diagnosed with ] two days earlier.<ref name="auto1"/> The media criticized the Clinton campaign for a lack of transparency regarding Clinton's illness.<ref name="auto1"/> Clinton cancelled a planned trip to California due to her illness. The episode drew renewed public attention to questions about Clinton's health.<ref name="auto"/>
* ], ] 1995–2003; presidential nominee in ]<ref>]; Bragg, Meredith (July 16, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved July 27.</ref><ref>Davis, Glenn (July 27, 2015) , IVN.us. Retrevd July 27, 2015.</ref>


On the other side, on October 7, ] were released by ''The Washington Post'' in which Trump referred obscenely to women in a 2005 conversation with ] while they were preparing to film an episode of '']''. In the recording, Trump described his attempts to initiate a sexual relationship with a married woman and added that women would allow male celebrities to grope their genitalia (Trump used the phrase "grab 'em by the pussy"). The audio was met with a reaction of disbelief and disgust from the media.<ref>Cassidy, John, '' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203030648/https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/a-sexual-predator-in-the-republican-partys-midst |date=December 3, 2020 }}'', The New Yorker, October 8, 2016.</ref><ref name="wp-lewd-conversation">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html |title=Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 |newspaper=] |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007201254/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-10-07/2005-video-shows-donald-trump-saying-lewd-things-about-women |title=2005 Video Shows Donald Trump Saying Lewd Things About Women |access-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008100545/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-10-07/2005-video-shows-donald-trump-saying-lewd-things-about-women |archive-date=October 8, 2016 }}</ref> Following the revelation, Trump's campaign issued an apology, stating that the video was of a private conversation from "many years ago".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |title=Trump on hot mic: 'When you're a star{{nbsp}}... You can do anything' to women |website=] |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-date=June 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608211040/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |url-status=live }}</ref> The incident was condemned by numerous prominent Republicans like ], ], ], ]<ref name="BIHarrington">{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Rebecca |title=RNC Chair Reince Priebus condemns Trump for obscene comments about women in 2005 video |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/reince-priebus-statement-trump-2005-video-women-2016-10 |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |website=] |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008091202/http://www.businessinsider.com/reince-priebus-statement-trump-2005-video-women-2016-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ] ].<ref name=Lee>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-paul-ryan-disinvites-trump-to-campaign-1475889847-htmlstory.html |title=Speaker Paul Ryan disinvites Trump to his campaign event, says he's 'sickened' by tape |work=] |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2016 |author=Lee, Kurtis |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008015755/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-paul-ryan-disinvites-trump-to-campaign-1475889847-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Many believed the video had doomed Trump's chances for election. By October 8, several dozen Republicans had called for Trump to withdraw from the campaign and let Pence and ] head the ticket.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/ |title=HThree dozen Republicans have now called for Donald Trump to drop out|last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2016 |newspaper=] |access-date=July 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018021726/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/|archive-date=October 18, 2016|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump insisted he would never drop out, but apologized for his remarks.<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news |last1=Costa |first1=Robert |title=Amid growing calls to drop out, Trump vows to 'never withdraw' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/amid-growing-calls-to-drop-out-trump-vows-to-never-withdraw/2016/10/08/8c0b5b7a-8d68-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2016 |newspaper=] |date=October 8, 2016 |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008182155/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/amid-growing-calls-to-drop-out-trump-vows-to-never-withdraw/2016/10/08/8c0b5b7a-8d68-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2016/10/08/trump-i-said-it-i-was-wrong-and-i-apologize|title=Trump: 'I Said It, I Was Wrong, And I Apologize.'|first=Olivia|last=Nuzzi|date=October 8, 2016|website=]}}</ref>
=== Other third party and independent candidates ===
{{Main|United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016}}


Trump also delivered strong and controversial statements towards Muslims and Islam on the campaign trail, saying, "I think Islam hates us".<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jenna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/05/20/i-think-islam-hates-us-a-timeline-of-trumps-comments-about-islam-and-muslims/ |title='I think Islam hates us': A timeline of Trump's comments about Islam and Muslims |date=May 20, 2017 |newspaper=] |access-date=April 3, 2020 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410114115/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/05/20/i-think-islam-hates-us-a-timeline-of-trumps-comments-about-islam-and-muslims/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was criticized and also supported for his statement at a rally declaring, "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on".<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/index.html |title=Donald Trump: Ban all Muslim travel to U.S. |first=Jeremy |last=Diamond |date=December 7, 2015 |publisher=] |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-date=April 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405190415/https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, Trump announced that he would "look into" surveilling mosques, and mentioned potentially going after the families of ] in the wake of the ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jenna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps-anti-muslim-rhetoric-plays-well-with-fans-but-horrifies-others/2016/02/29/477f73dc-de37-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html |title=Trump's rhetoric on Muslims plays well with fans, but horrifies others |date=February 29, 2016 |newspaper=] |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302190435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps-anti-muslim-rhetoric-plays-well-with-fans-but-horrifies-others/2016/02/29/477f73dc-de37-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His strong rhetoric towards Muslims resulted in leadership from both parties condemning his statements. However, many of his supporters shared their support for his proposed ], despite the backlash.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
====Nominees====


Throughout the campaign, Trump indicated in interviews, speeches, and ] that he would refuse to recognize the outcome of the election if he was defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Golshan|first=Tara|date=2016-10-17|title=Donald Trump is going on a furious Twitter tirade about the "rigged" election|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/17/13304574/donald-trump-twitter-tirade-rigged-election|access-date=2021-06-18|website=]|language=en|archive-date=December 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227073254/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/17/13304574/donald-trump-twitter-tirade-rigged-election|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Sam|date=2016-10-20|title=Donald Trump Says He'll Accept The Results Of The Election ... If He Wins|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498713509/donald-trump-says-hell-accept-the-results-of-the-election-if-he-wins|access-date=2021-06-18|newspaper=]|language=en|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202190045/https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498713509/donald-trump-says-hell-accept-the-results-of-the-election-if-he-wins|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump falsely stated that the election would be ] against him.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-17|title=US election 2016: Trump says election 'rigged at polling places'|language=en-GB|work=]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37673797|access-date=2021-06-18|archive-date=June 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618095922/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37673797|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Samuelsohn|first=Darren|date=2016-10-25|title=A guide to Donald Trump's 'rigged' election|url=https://politi.co/2Or7fyd|access-date=2021-06-18|website=]|language=en|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621153352/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/donald-trump-rigged-election-guide-230302|url-status=live}}</ref> During the final ] of 2016, Trump refused to tell ] anchor ] whether or not he would accept the election results.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Rafferty|first1=Andrew|last2=Taintor|first2=David|date=2016-10-19|title=Trump Won't Say He'll Accept Election Results: 'I Will Keep You In Suspense'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-won-t-say-he-ll-accept-election-results-i-n669801|access-date=2021-06-18|website=]|language=en|archive-date=April 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409130520/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-won-t-say-he-ll-accept-election-results-i-n669801|url-status=live}}</ref> The rejection of election results by a major nominee would have been unprecedented at the time as no major presidential candidate had ever refused to accept the outcome of an election until Trump did so himself in the following ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Lauren|date=2016-10-25|title=Is Trump the first-ever candidate not to say he'll accept election results?|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/oct/25/hillary-clinton/trump-first-ever-candidate-not-say-hell-accept-ele/|access-date=2021-06-18|website=]|language=en-US|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302084413/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/oct/25/hillary-clinton/trump-first-ever-candidate-not-say-hell-accept-ele/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Melber|first=Ari|date=2016-11-08|title=What Happens if Trump Loses and Won't Concede?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/what-happens-if-donald-trump-loses-won-t-concede-n679481|access-date=2021-06-18|website=]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124194248/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/what-happens-if-donald-trump-loses-won-t-concede-n679481|url-status=live}}</ref>
===== Party for Socialism and Liberation =====
* ], newspaper printer and activist, from ]. Vice-presidential nominee: ]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ballot-access.org/2015/07/24/party-for-socialism-and-liberation-announces-2016-presidential-ticket/ | title=Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket | work=] | date=July 24, 2015 | accessdate=July 25, 2015 | author=]}}</ref>


The ongoing controversy of the election made third parties attract voters' attention. On March 3, 2016, Libertarian Gary Johnson addressed the ] in Washington, DC, touting himself as the third-party option for anti-Trump Republicans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4788104425001/gary-johnson-third-party-is-going-to-be-the-libertarian-party/#sp=show-clips |title=Gary Johnson: Third party is going to be the Libertarian Party |publisher=] |access-date=April 27, 2016 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416081459/http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4788104425001/gary-johnson-third-party-is-going-to-be-the-libertarian-party/#sp=show-clips |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SarlinAntiTrump">Benjy Sarlin, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908104731/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/anti-trump-forces-have-few-options-third-party-alternative |date=September 8, 2020 }}, MSNBC (March 4, 2016): "'I am the third party,' former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, the party's 2012 nominee, told conservative gathering CPAC on Thursday. 'The Libertarian Party will be on the ballot in all 50 states.'"</ref> In early May, some commentators opined that Johnson was moderate enough to pull votes away from both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump who were very disliked and polarizing.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Ed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2016/05/11/who-is-gary-johnson/ |title=Who is Gary Johnson? |newspaper=] |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2016 |archive-date=May 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512115434/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2016/05/11/who-is-gary-johnson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Johnson also began to get time on national television, being invited on ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and many other networks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Watkins |first=Eli |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/10/politics/gary-johnson-donald-trump-bernie-sanders/ |title=Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: What Donald Trump says is 'ridiculous' |publisher=] |access-date=May 12, 2016 |archive-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511094021/http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/10/politics/gary-johnson-donald-trump-bernie-sanders/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In September–October 2016, Johnson suffered a "string of damaging stumbles when he has fielded questions about foreign affairs".<ref name="HabermanBurns">{{cite news |author1=Maggie Haberman |author2=Alexander Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/politics/gary-johnson-campaign.html |title=Gary Johnson Equates Syria Deaths Caused by Assad and West |newspaper=] |date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217081704/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/politics/gary-johnson-campaign.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/10/07/gary-johnson-gives-a-foreign-policy-speech-and-chides-the-media-for-giving-him-pop-quizzes/ |title=Gary Johnson gives a foreign policy speech and chides the media for giving him pop quizzes |newspaper=] |date=October 7, 2016 |quote=Johnson tried to put a string of foreign policy gaffes behind him on Friday{{nbsp}}... |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208173549/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/10/07/gary-johnson-gives-a-foreign-policy-speech-and-chides-the-media-for-giving-him-pop-quizzes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 8, Johnson, when he appeared on ]'s '']'', was asked by panelist ], "What would you do, if you were elected, about ]?" (referring to a ] in ]). Johnson responded, "And what is Aleppo?"<ref name="WhatIsAleppoCNN">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/08/politics/gary-johnson-aleppo/ |last=Wright |first=David |title=What is Aleppo? |publisher=] |access-date=September 9, 2016 |archive-date=September 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908203603/http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/08/politics/gary-johnson-aleppo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His response prompted widespread attention, much of it negative.<ref name="WhatIsAleppoCNN"/><ref name="WhatIsPolitico">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/gary-johnson-aleppo-227873 |work=] |title=Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: 'What is Aleppo?' |first=Louis |last=Nelson |date=September 8, 2016 |access-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910221946/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/gary-johnson-aleppo-227873 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that day, Johnson said that he had "blanked" and that he did "understand the dynamics of the ]—I talk about them every day".<ref name="WhatIsPolitico"/>
===== Prohibition Party =====
*], Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania 2002–2007.<ref name="National ticket">{{cite web | url= http://ballot-access.org/2015/07/31/prohibition-party-nominates-national-ticket/| title= Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket| work=Ballot Access News | date= July 31, 2015| accessdate= August 3, 2015}}</ref> Vice-presidential nominee: Bill Bayes of Mississippi<ref name="National ticket"/>


On the other hand, Green Party candidate ] said the Democratic and Republican parties are "two corporate parties" that have converged into one.<ref name="reddit">{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/4ixbr5/i_am_jill_stein_green_party_candidate_for/d31zimt?context=3 |title=I am Jill Stein, Green Party candidate for President, AMA! • /r/IAmA |website=reddit |date=May 11, 2016 |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030024830/https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/4ixbr5/i_am_jill_stein_green_party_candidate_for/d31zimt/?context=3 |url-status=live }}</ref> Concerned by the rise of the ] internationally and the tendency towards ] within the Democratic Party, she has said, "The answer to ] is stopping neoliberalism. Putting another Clinton in the White House will fan the flames of this right-wing extremism".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.734445 |title=WATCH //Jill Stein: To stop Trump's neofascism, we must stop Clinton's neoliberalism |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=July 31, 2016 |archive-date=August 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801203607/http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.734445 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvAJ2WrJm3Q |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/JvAJ2WrJm3Q |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Left Forum 2016, Is Sanders the Answer to Building Left and Black Power? |website=youtube |date=May 24, 2016 |publisher=Open University of the Left|access-date=August 17, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==== Declared candidates====
Individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of a ]; formally announced intention to run as an ] candidate; filed as a minor party or non-affiliated candidate with the FEC (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed by minor party and then alphabetically by surname.
<!-- Please list only minor parties which have a standalone page on Misplaced Pages.-->
<!-- Per consensus, list only individuals who have a standalone bio page on Misplaced Pages. -->
<!-- Please list individuals in alphabetical order, keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See _Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources_ for guidelines on sourcing.-->
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->


In response to Johnson's growing poll numbers, the ] and Democratic allies increased their criticism of Johnson in September 2016, warning that "a vote for a third party is a vote for Donald Trump" and deploying Senator ] (Clinton's former primary rival, who supported her in the general election) to win over voters who might be considering voting for Johnson or for Stein.<ref name="EasleyKamisar">{{cite web |author1=Jonathan Easley |author2=Ben Kamisar |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/298183-democrats-target-libertarian-ticket/ |title=Democrats target Libertarian ticket |date=September 28, 2016 |newspaper=] |access-date=April 16, 2024 |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507151751/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/298183-democrats-target-libertarian-ticket/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Declared – Peace and Freedom Party =====
* ], entertainer from ]; ]'s 2012 presidential nominee<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/03/roseanne-barr-says-she-will-seek-the-peace-and-freedom-partys-presidential-nomination-again-in-2016/| title= Roseanne Barr Says She Will Seek the Peace and Freedom Party’s Presidential Nomination Again in 2016| work=Independent Political Report | date= March 11, 2015| accessdate= April 29, 2015}}</ref>


On October 28, eleven days before the election, ] ] informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional Clinton emails obtained during its investigation of ].<ref name="FbiAbedinEmails">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/politics/fbi-reviewing-new-emails-in-clinton-probe-director-tells-senate-judiciary-committee/ |title=Comey notified Congress of email probe despite DOJ concerns |last1=Perez |first1=Evan |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |date=October 29, 2016 |work=] |access-date=October 29, 2016 |archive-date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028200818/http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/politics/fbi-reviewing-new-emails-in-clinton-probe-director-tells-senate-judiciary-committee/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FbiAbedinEmails2">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/30/politics/clinton-emails-fbi-abedin/index.html |title=FBI discovered Clinton-related emails weeks ago |last1=Perez |first1=Evan |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |date=October 31, 2016 |work=]] |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031023641/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/30/politics/clinton-emails-fbi-abedin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI's earlier conclusion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/fbi-completes-review-newly-revealed-hillary-clinton-emails-finds-no-n678701 |title=FBI finds no criminality in review of newly discovered Clinton emails |work=] |date=November 6, 2016 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |archive-date=November 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106224931/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/fbi-completes-review-newly-revealed-hillary-clinton-emails-finds-no-n678701 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/us/politics/hilary-clinton-male-voters-donald-trump.html |title=Emails Warrant No New Action Against Hillary Clinton, F.B.I. Director Says |date=November 6, 2016 |work=] |access-date=November 6, 2016 |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107222840/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/us/politics/hilary-clinton-male-voters-donald-trump.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the week following the "Comey Letter" of October 28, Clinton's lead dropped by 3 percentage points, leading some commentators - including Clinton herself - to conclude that this letter cost her the election,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=Nate |date=2017-05-03 |title=The Comey Letter Probably Cost Clinton The Election |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-comey-letter-probably-cost-clinton-the-election/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en-US |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505075301/http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-comey-letter-probably-cost-clinton-the-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Cohn |first=Nate |date=2018-06-14 |title=Did Comey Cost Clinton the Election? Why We'll Never Know |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/upshot/did-comey-cost-clinton-the-election-why-well-never-know.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720163040/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/upshot/did-comey-cost-clinton-the-election-why-well-never-know.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pengelly |first=Martin |date=2016-11-13 |title=Hillary Clinton blames Comey letters for election defeat, reports say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/12/hillary-clinton-james-comey-letters-emails-election-defeat |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921110327/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/12/hillary-clinton-james-comey-letters-emails-election-defeat |url-status=live }}</ref> though there are dissenting views.<ref name=":1" />
===== Declared – independent candidates or candidates without a specified affiliation =====
* ], Internet personality<ref>Mulshine, Molly (June 25, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved July 2, 2015.</ref>
* ], ], writer, ] philosopher from ]; founder of a proposed ]<ref>Hewitt, John (October 31, 2014) , ].com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11310031/Meet-the-Transhumanist-Party-Want-to-live-forever-Vote-for-me.html| title= Meet the Transhumanist Party: 'Want to live forever? Vote for me'| work=] | date= December 23, 2014| accessdate= March 6, 2015| author= Bartlett, Jamie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/557/15971216557/15971216557.pdf|title=Zoltan Istvan Gyurko FEC filing|date=June 19, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 21, 2015}}</ref>
* ], ] for ] from ]; independent presidential candidate in 2012<ref name="fringe">Gavin, Patrick (November 29, 2013) , '']''. Retrieved November 30, 2013</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/887/13031142887/13031142887.pdf|title=Terry Jones FEC filing|date=December 11, 2013|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref>
* ], ] artist from ]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/waka-flocka-flame-for-president-watch-his-exclusive-campaign-video-20150420| title=Waka Flocka Flame for President: Watch His Exclusive Campaign Video| work=] | date= April 20, 2015| accessdate= April 21, 2015| author= Vozick-Levinson, Simon}}</ref> (])
* ], ] and perennial candidate from ]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/can-a-zombie-powered-presidential-candidate-go-legit-20140522 | title=Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit? | work=] | date=May 22, 2014 | accessdate=May 22, 2014 | author=Seitz-Wald, Alex}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2014/05/27/one-presidential-candidate-will-run-zombie-powered-platform-and-from-mass/VDscqsJY2fhRr8Y3k7agmL/story.html | title=One 2016 Presidential Candidate Will Run on A ‘Zombie-Powered’ Platform. And He’s from Mass. | publisher=] | date=May 27, 2014 | accessdate=May 30, 2014 | author=Hofherr, Justine}}</ref>
* ], ] from ]<ref>, ]. June 25, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.</ref>


=== Ballot access ===
===== Publicly expressed interest - Constitution Party =====
{|class="wikitable"
* ], U.S. Representative 1995-2007 from ]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ballot-access.org/2015/08/09/former-congressman-john-hostettler-said-to-be-likely-to-seek-constitution-party-nomination-for-president/ | title=Former Congressman John Hostettler Said to be Likely to Seek Constitution Party Nomination for President | work=] | date=August 9, 2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/story/donald-trump-not-only-republican-looking-going-third-party-2016 | title=Donald Trump Not the Only Republican Looking at Going Third Party in 2016 | work=Sunshine State News | date=August 10, 2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=Derby, Kevin}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! rowspan="2"|Presidential ticket
! rowspan="2"|Party
! colspan="3"|]
! rowspan="2"|Votes<ref name=e2016/><ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2017 |title=2016 Presidential General Election Results (These results are slightly different from the official results.)|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=1&off=0&year=2016 |website=] |location=] |access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>
! rowspan="2"|Percentage
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
!States
!Electors
!% of voters
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
|'''Trump / Pence'''
|'''Republican'''
|'''50 + ]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''62,984,828'''
|'''46.09%'''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
|'''Clinton / Kaine'''
|'''Democratic'''
|'''50 + ]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''65,853,514'''
|'''48.18%'''
|-{{Party shading/Libertarian}}
|'''Johnson / Weld'''
|'''Libertarian'''
|'''50 + ]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''4,489,341'''
|'''3.28%'''
|-{{Party shading/Green}}
|'''Stein / Baraka'''
|'''Green'''
|'''44 + ]'''
|'''480'''
|'''89%'''
|'''1,457,218'''
|'''1.07%'''
|-{{Party shading/Independent}}
|McMullin / Finn
|Independent
|11
|84
|15%
|731,991
|0.54%
|-{{Party shading/Constitution}}
|Castle / Bradley
|Constitution
|24
|207
|39%
|203,090
|0.15%
|}
* Candidates in '''bold''' were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.
* All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write-in access greater than 270.


=== Party conventions ===
===== Publicly expressed interest – independent =====
{{Location map many | USA |left| width=400
* ] (]), business magnate; Chairman of ] since 1971<ref>Cirilli, Kevin Cusack, Bob (July 23, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved July 27, 2015.</ref><ref>Gibson, Cary (July 24, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved July 27, 2015.</ref><ref>Lee, MJ (July 24, 2015) , ].com. Retrieved July 27, 2015.</ref> (Although currently seeking the Republican presidential nomination, Trump has expressed interest in the possibility of running as an independent or third party candidate in the event that he does not receive the Republican nomination)
| caption= Map of the locations of party conventions for presidential/vice-presidential candidacy nominations.
{{Legend|blue|Democratic Party}}
{{Legend|red|Republican Party}}
{{Legend|gold|Libertarian Party}}
{{Legend|green|Green Party}}
{{Legend|purple|Constitution Party}}
| alt=Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, Orlando, and Houston
| mark1=blue pog.svg | mark1size=10 | lat1_deg=39.9500 | lon1_deg=-75.1667 | label1=Philadelphia | position1=bottom
| mark2=red pog.svg | mark2size=10 | lat2_deg=41.4822 | lon2_deg=-81.6697 | label2=Cleveland | position2=top
| mark3=gold pog.svg | mark3size=8 | lat3_deg=28.4158 | lon3_deg=-81.2989 | label3=Orlando | position3=top
| mark4=green pog.svg | mark4size=8 | lat4_deg=29.7199 | lon4_deg=-95.3773 | label4=Houston | position4=top
| mark5=purple pog.svg | mark5size=8 |lat5_deg=40.75 | lon5_deg=-111.883 | label5=Salt Lake City |position5=top
}} <!--1=Rep 2=Dem 3=Lib 4=Green 5=Constitution -->


'''Republican Party'''<br />
== Potential battleground states ==
{{Main|2016 Republican National Convention}}
{{further|Swing state}}
* July 18–21: Republican National Convention was held in ], Ohio.<ref name="RNC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rnc-officially-approves-cleveland-as-2016-convention-host/ |date=August 8, 2014 |title=RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host |work=] |access-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811052140/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rnc-officially-approves-cleveland-as-2016-convention-host/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Isenstadt |first=Alex |date=January 14, 2014 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/gop-convention-july-18-2016-114276.html |title=GOP convention set for July 18–21 in 2016 |work=] |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref>
In every state except ] and ], the winner of the popular vote in the state ] all of the ]s of the state (although state legislatures can, by law, change how votes are allocated).<ref name="Congressional district method">{{cite news|last1=Yglesias|first1=Matthew|title=A totally legal, totally shady way that Republicans could ensure Hillary Clinton's defeat|url=http://www.vox.com/2014/11/8/7174945/electoral-college-rigging|accessdate=November 8, 2014|publisher=Vox|date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> Recent presidential campaigns have generally focused their resources on a relatively small number of competitive states.<ref name=BDoherty>{{cite news|last1=Doherty|first1=Brendan|title=President Obama's Disproportionate Battleground State Focus Started Early, Echoed Predecessors' Actions|url=http://themonkeycage.org/2012/07/31/president-obamas-disproportionate-battleground-state-focus-started-early-echoed-predecessors-actions/|accessdate=November 4, 2014|publisher=Monkey Cage|date=July 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=AAbram>{{cite news|last1=Abramowitz|first1=Alan|title=Do Presidential Campaigns Matter? Evidence From the 2008 Election|url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/do-presidential-campaigns-matter-evidence-from-the-2008-election/|accessdate=November 8, 2014|publisher=]|date= August 2, 2012}}</ref> Potential ]s include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name=DBalz>{{cite news|last1=Balz|first1=Dan|title=The Republican Party's uphill path to 270 electoral votes in 2016 elections|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-gops-uphill-path-to-270-in-2016/2014/01/18/9404eb06-7fcf-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2014|work=The Washington Post|date=January 18, 2014}}</ref> Democrats have discussed targeting ], ], and ] as potentially competitive states.<ref name=DBalz /> Meanwhile, Republicans may also target ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/next-america/newsdesk/the-most-valuable-voters-of-2016-20150218|title=The Most Valuable Voters of 2016|work=www.nationaljournal.com}}</ref> Other states may also become competitive if the close races of 2016 differ from the ], or if 2016 becomes a ]. Both major parties might decide to target the home states of their nominees or that of their running mates if they are from a swing state or have high favorability in the state or region.


'''Democratic Party'''<br />
== Party conventions ==
{{Location map many | USA |left| width=400 |caption=Sites of the 2016 national party conventions.
| alt=Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Orlando
| mark1=blue pog.svg | mark1size=12 | lat1_deg=39.9500 | lon1_deg=-75.1667 | label1=<small>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Philadelphia</small> | position1=bottom
| mark2=red pog.svg | mark2size=12 | lat2_deg=41.4822 | lon2_deg=-81.6697 | label2=<small>Cleveland</small> | position2=left
| mark3=gold pog.svg | mark3size=8 | lat3_deg=28.4158 | lon3_deg=-81.2989 | label3=<small>Orlando</small> | position3=right
| mark4=green pog.svg | mark4size=8 | lat4_deg=29.7604 | lon4_deg=-95.3698 | label4=<small>Houston</small> | position4=right
}} <!--1=Rep 2=Dem 3=Lib 4=Green-->
; Democratic Party
{{Main|2016 Democratic National Convention}} {{Main|2016 Democratic National Convention}}
* July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention to be held in ], ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/02/12/democratic-convention-2016-host-city-philadelphia/22459811/ | title=Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention | work=] | date=February 12, 2015 | accessdate=February 12, 2015 | author=Camia, Catalina and Martha A. Moore}}</ref> * July 25–28: Democratic National Convention was held in ], Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/02/12/democratic-convention-2016-host-city-philadelphia/22459811/ |title=Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention |work=] |date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |last1=Camia |first1=Catalina |first2=Martha A. |last2=Moore |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213072641/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/02/12/democratic-convention-2016-host-city-philadelphia/22459811/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


; Republican Party '''Libertarian Party'''<br />
{{Main|2016 Republican National Convention}} {{Main|2016 Libertarian National Convention}}
* May 26–30: Libertarian National Convention was held in ], Florida.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ballot-access.org/2014/06/libertarian-party-moves-into-national-party-headquarters-that-it-owns/ |title=Libertarian Party Moves into National Party Headquarters That it Owns |work=] |date=July 11, 2014 |access-date=July 11, 2014 |author=Winger, Richard |author-link=Richard Winger |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181125/http://www.ballot-access.org/2014/06/libertarian-party-moves-into-national-party-headquarters-that-it-owns/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lp.org/files/July14-15%20Minutes-Final3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208055938/https://www.lp.org/files/July14-15%20Minutes-Final3.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |url-status=dead |title=Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012 |publisher=] |access-date=July 11, 2014 |page=4}}</ref>
* July 18–21, 2016: Republican National Convention to be held in ], ].<ref name="RNC">, ]. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2014.</ref><ref>Isenstadt, Alex (January 14, 2014) , '']''. Retrieved January 15, 2015.</ref>


; Green Party '''Green Party'''<br />
{{Main|2016 Green National Convention}} {{Main|2016 Green National Convention}}
* August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention to be held in ].<ref>Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) , '']''. Retrieved August 5, 2015.</ref> * August 4–7: Green National Convention was held in ], Texas.<ref>Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204124544/http://ballot-access.org/2015/08/02/green-party-will-probably-hold-presidential-convention-in-houston/ |date=February 4, 2016 }}, '']''. Retrieved August 5, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gp.org/pnc-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510033733/http://www.gp.org/pnc-2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |title=Houston, We Have a Solution—Vote Green 2016 |work=Green Party of the United States |date=April 4, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016}}</ref>


'''Constitution Party'''<br />
;Libertarian Party
{{Main|2016 Libertarian National Convention}} {{Main|2016 Constitution Party National Convention}}
* April 13–16: Constitution Party National Convention was held in ], Utah.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Glen |title=The Constitution Party hosts national convention in Salt Lake City |url=http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/the-constitution-party-hosts-national-convention-in-salt-lake-city |website=Good4Utah.com |publisher=]|access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726214019/http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/the-constitution-party-hosts-national-convention-in-salt-lake-city |archive-date=July 26, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention to be held in ], ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ballot-access.org/2014/06/libertarian-party-moves-into-national-party-headquarters-that-it-owns/ | title=Libertarian Party Moves Into National Party Headquarters That it Owns | work=] | date=July 11, 2014 | accessdate=July 11, 2014 | author=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lp.org/files/July14-15%20Minutes-Final3.pdf | title=Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012 | publisher=] | accessdate=July 11, 2014 | page=4}}</ref>

=== Campaign finance ===
{{See also|Lobbying in the United States}}

] spent a record $2 billion trying to influence the 2016 United States presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wall Street spends record $2bn on US election lobbying |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5060844a-0420-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9 |work=] |date=March 8, 2017 |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/5060844a-0420-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wall Street Spent $2 Billion Trying to Influence the 2016 Election |url=https://fortune.com/2017/03/08/wall-street-2016-election-spending/ |work=] |date=March 8, 2017 |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201173606/https://fortune.com/2017/03/08/wall-street-2016-election-spending/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The following table is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to ] (FEC) and released in September 2016. Outside groups are ]-only committees – also called ]. <!-- Several such groups normally support each candidate, but the numbers in the table are a total of all of them. This means that a group of committees can be shown as ] (shown in red) even though it is not the case of all of them. The Campaign Committee's debt are shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent. --> The sources of the numbers are the FEC and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Presidential Race |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/ |publisher=] |access-date=July 6, 2016 |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225214325/http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline. {{as of|2016|September|df=US}}, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:12px; text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! colspan="4" |Campaign committee <small>(as of December 9)</small>
! colspan="3" |Outside groups <small>(as of December 9)</small>
! rowspan="2" |Total spent
|-
! Money raised
! Money spent
! Cash on hand
! Debt
! Money raised
! Money spent
! Cash on hand
|-
|data-sort-value="Trump, Donald" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00023864 |title=Summary data for Donald Trump, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108204729/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00023864|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80001571/?cycle=2016&election_full=false#total-spent |title=TRUMP, DONALD J. / MICHAEL R. PENCE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042552/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80001571/?cycle=2016&election_full=false|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$350,668,435
|$343,056,732
|$7,611,702
|$0
|$100,265,563
|$97,105,012
|$3,160,552
|'''$440,161,744'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Clinton, Hillary" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00000019 |title=Summary data for Hillary Clinton, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108115550/http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16//candidate?id=N00000019|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00003392/#total-spent |title=CLINTON, HILLARY RODHAM / TIMOTHY MICHAEL KAINE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903090414/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00003392/|archive-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref>
|$585,699,061
|$585,580,576
|$323,317
|$182
|$206,122,160
|$205,144,296
|$977,864
|'''$790,724,872'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Gary" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00033226 |title=Summary data for Gary Johnson, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108102246/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00033226|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20002671/#total-spent |title=JOHNSON, GARY / WILLIAM "BILL" WELD - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920184131/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20002671/|archive-date=September 20, 2020}}</ref>
|$12,193,984
|$12,463,110
|$6,299
|$0
|$1,386,971
|$1,314,095
|$75,976
|'''$13,777,205'''
|-
|data-sort-value="De La Fuente, Rocky" |]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60016342/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|title=DE LA FUENTE, ROQUE ROCKY - Candidate overview|website=FEC.gov|date=January 2011 |language=en|access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112050241/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60016342/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$8,075,959
|$8,074,913
|$1,046
|$8,058,834
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$8,074,913'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Stein, Jill" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00033776 |title=Summary data for Jill Stein, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132119/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00033776|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20003984/ |title=STEIN, JILL - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813003110/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20003984/|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>
|$11,240,359
|$11,275,899
|$105,132
|$87,740
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$11,275,899'''
|-
|data-sort-value="McMullin, Evan" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60022654/|title=MCMULLIN, EVAN / MINDY FINN - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112051232/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60022654/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$1,644,102
|$1,642,165
|$1,937
|$644,913
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$1,642,165'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Castle, Darrell" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60021102/ |title=CASTLE, DARRELL LANE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112051556/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60021102/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$72,264
|$68,063
|$4,200
|$4,902
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$68,063'''
|-
|data-sort-value="La Riva, Gloria" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80005572/?cycle=2016&election_full=true |title=LA RIVA, GLORIA ESTELA - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721082243/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80005572/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|archive-date=July 21, 2020}}</ref>
|$31,408
|$32,611
|$0
|$0
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$32,611'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Moorehead, Monica" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60004405/ |title=MOOREHEAD, MONICA GAIL - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112052129/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60004405/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$14,313
|$15,355
|<!--leave this space to avoid table formatting breakage--> -$1,043
|<!--leave this space to avoid table formatting breakage--> -$5,500<ref group=upper-alpha>Debt owed ''to'' committee</ref>
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$15,355'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Skewes, Peter" |]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60012960/ |title=SKEWES, PETER ALAN PH.D. - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112052402/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60012960/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$8,216
|$8,216
|$0
|$4,000
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$8,216'''
|}
{{notelist-ua}}

=== Voting rights ===
The 2016 presidential election was the first in 50 years without all the protections of the original ].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Berman |first1=Ari |website=The Nation |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/the-gops-attack-on-voting-rights-was-the-most-under-covered-story-of-2016/ |title=The GOP's Attack on Voting Rights Was the Most Under-Covered Story of 2016 |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214200203/https://www.thenation.com/article/the-gops-attack-on-voting-rights-was-the-most-under-covered-story-of-2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fourteen states had ], including swing states such as Virginia and Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web |website=Brennan Center for Justice |url=https://www.brennancenter.org/new-voting-restrictions-america |title=New Voting Restrictions in America |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927131102/https://www.brennancenter.org/new-voting-restrictions-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |website=The Nation |title=Wisconsin's Voter-ID Law Suppressed 200,000 Votes in 2016 (Trump Won by 22,748); A new study shows how voter-ID laws decreased turnout among African-American and Democratic voters |date=May 9, 2017 |last1=Berman |first1=Ari |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/wisconsins-voter-id-law-suppressed-200000-votes-trump-won-by-23000/ |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115013709/https://www.thenation.com/article/wisconsins-voter-id-law-suppressed-200000-votes-trump-won-by-23000/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Green |first1=Matthew |website=] |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/08/how-to-navigate-americas-perplexing-patchwork-of-voting-laws/ |title=MAP: States With New Voting Restrictions in Place for the 2016 Presidential Election |date=November 8, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915024347/https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/08/how-to-navigate-americas-perplexing-patchwork-of-voting-laws/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Susan |website=U.S. News & World Report |title=I (Wish I) Voted: Recent changes to voting rights impact elections |date=April 1, 2016 |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2016-04-01/voting-restrictions-are-impacting-elections |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422194028/https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2016-04-01/voting-restrictions-are-impacting-elections |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Berry |first1=Deborah Barfield |website=] |date=January 29, 2016 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/01/29/new-state-voting-laws-face-first-presidential-election-test/79534420/ |title=New state voting laws face first presidential election test |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422200401/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/01/29/new-state-voting-laws-face-first-presidential-election-test/79534420/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Election administration ===
Among states that offered early in-person voting to all voters in 2016, 27 percent of all votes were cast early in person. Across states where mail voting was available to all voters, 34 percent of all votes were cast by mail. Nationwide, a total of 40 percent of votes were cast before Election Day in the 2016 general election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Growing Use of Voting Before Election Day |url=https://electioninnovation.org/research/voting-before-election-day-resources/use-voting-before-election-day/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Center for Election Innovation & Research |language=en-US |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921110045/https://electioninnovation.org/research/voting-before-election-day-resources/use-voting-before-election-day/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Newspaper endorsements ===
{{Main|Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Clinton was endorsed by ''The New York Times'',<ref name=NYTboardx>{{cite news |title=Hillary Clinton for President |newspaper=] |date=September 24, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/25/opinion/sunday/hillary-clinton-for-president.html |access-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225084808/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/25/opinion/sunday/hillary-clinton-for-president.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the '']'',<ref name=hil-pol>{{cite news |title=Los Angeles Times endorses Clinton, bashes Trump |newspaper=] |date=September 23, 2016 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/la-times-endorses-clinton-228566 |access-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-date=September 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923131318/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/la-times-endorses-clinton-228566 |url-status=live }}</ref> the '']'',<ref name=hil-hou>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/01/politics/houston-chronicle-hillary-clinton-endorsement/ |title=Hillary Clinton endorsed by Houston Chronicle, Trump 'danger to the Republic' |first=Naomi |last=Lim |work=] |date=August 1, 2016 |access-date=September 30, 2016 |archive-date=September 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930124245/http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/01/politics/houston-chronicle-hillary-clinton-endorsement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the '']'',<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/21/editorial-hillary-clinton-for-president/ |title=Editorial: In battle for America's soul, Hillary Clinton is our pick |date=October 21, 2016 |work=The San Jose Mercury News |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022091301/http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/21/editorial-hillary-clinton-for-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the '']''<ref name=hil-cst>{{cite web |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/editorial-vote-for-clinton-and-avert-a-train-wreck/ |title=Editorial: Vote for Clinton and avert a train wreck |work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=September 30, 2016 |archive-date=May 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504160321/https://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/editorial-vote-for-clinton-and-avert-a-train-wreck/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the '']''<ref name=hil-nydn>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/daily-news-editorial-board-hillary-clinton-president-article-1.2730476 |title=Daily News Editorial Board says Vote Hillary Clinton: She's the best choice for President, while Donald Trump represents a clear and present danger to the republic |date=July 28, 2016 |work=] |location=New York |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925114347/https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/daily-news-editorial-board-hillary-clinton-president-article-1.2730476 |url-status=live }}</ref> editorial boards. Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the '']'',<ref name=hil-hou /> '']'',<ref name=hil-dmn>{{cite news |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20160907-we-recommend-hillary-clinton-for-president.ece |title=We recommend Hillary Clinton for president |date=September 6, 2016 |work=The Dallas Morning News |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=September 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925095358/http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20160907-we-recommend-hillary-clinton-for-president.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> '']'',<ref name=":UT">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/editorials/sd-hillary-clinton-endorsement-for-president-20160929-story.html |title=Endorsement Why Hillary Clinton is the safe choice for president |date=September 30, 2016 |work=] |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=September 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930205722/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/editorials/sd-hillary-clinton-endorsement-for-president-20160929-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '']''<ref name=hil-cd>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/editorials/2016/10/09/1-editorial-for-president-trump-unfit-clinton-is-qualified.html |title=For president: Trump unfit, Clinton is qualified |work=The Columbus Dispatch |access-date=October 9, 2016 |archive-date=October 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009123034/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/editorials/2016/10/09/1-editorial-for-president-trump-unfit-clinton-is-qualified.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and '']'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/27/hillary-clinton-endorsement/91198668/|title=Endorsement: Hillary Clinton is the only choice to move America ahead|author=The Arizona Republic Editorial Board|date=September 27, 2016|access-date=March 9, 2021|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306233655/https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/27/hillary-clinton-endorsement/91198668/|url-status=live}}</ref> endorsed their first Democratic candidate for many decades. '']'', which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third-ever endorsement (after ] and ]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/11/the-case-for-hillary-clinton-and-against-donald-trump/501161/ |title=The Case for Hillary Clinton And Against Donald Trump |website=] |date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208051328/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/11/the-case-for-hillary-clinton-and-against-donald-trump/501161/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Trump, who frequently criticized the ], was not endorsed by the vast majority of newspapers.<ref name=Trumpstrikes>{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=John |title=Trump strikes out on newspaper endorsements |url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/diaz/article/Trump-strikes-out-on-newspaper-endorsements-9952303.php |newspaper=] |access-date=October 26, 2016 |date=October 7, 2016 |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205110404/https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/diaz/article/Trump-strikes-out-on-newspaper-endorsements-9952303.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=HodZeroEnd>{{cite web |last1=Hod |first1=Italy |title=Donald Trump Makes History With Zero Major Newspaper Endorsements |date=October 7, 2016 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tv/donald-trump-makes-history-zero-major-newspaper-endorsements-000943174.html |publisher=] |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033047/https://www.yahoo.com/tv/donald-trump-makes-history-zero-major-newspaper-endorsements-000943174.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The '']'',<ref name=Tru-lvjr>{{cite web |title=Editorial:Donald Trump for president |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-donald-trump-president |publisher=Las Vegas Journal-Review |access-date=October 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161023175105/http://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-donald-trump-president |url-status=live }}</ref> '']'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial: Trump is the change agent America needs |url=http://jacksonville.com/opinion/2016-11-04/editorial-trump-change-agent-america-needs |website=jacksonville.com |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106042657/http://jacksonville.com/opinion/2016-11-04/editorial-trump-change-agent-america-needs |url-status=live }}</ref> and the tabloid '']'' were his highest profile supporters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/05/09/trumps_tabloid_130505.html |last=Cannon |first=Carl |title=Trump's tabloid |work=RealClearPolitics.com |date=May 9, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100830/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/05/09/trumps_tabloid_130505.html |url-status=live }}</ref> '']'', which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded in 1982, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him "unfit for the presidency".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-don-t-vote-for-trump-says-usa-today-1475192834-htmlstory.html |title=Campaign 2016 updates: Another newspaper that has long backed GOP candidates bucks Donald Trump |date=September 30, 2016 |via=Los Angeles Times |access-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006045327/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-don-t-vote-for-trump-says-usa-today-1475192834-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/09/29/dont-vote-for-donald-trump-editorial-board-editorials-debates/91295020/|title=USA Today's Editorial Board: Trump is 'unfit for the presidency'|author=The Editorial Board|website=]|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=June 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609101737/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/09/29/dont-vote-for-donald-trump-editorial-board-editorials-debates/91295020/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gary Johnson received endorsements from several major daily newspapers, including the '']'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: A principled option for U.S. president: Endorsing Gary Johnson, Libertarian |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-gary-johnson-president-endorsement-edit-1002-20160930-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=October 26, 2016 |date=September 30, 2016 |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016065922/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-gary-johnson-president-endorsement-edit-1002-20160930-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.richmond.com/opinion/editorial/editorial---gary-johnson-remains-the-best-choice-for-president-part-iv/article_4caf36d8-c948-519c-9d2c-1955ce8813e3.html|title=Editorial - Gary Johnson remains the best choice for president, part IV|access-date=June 11, 2020 |date=November 3, 2016}}</ref> Other traditionally Republican papers, including the '']'', which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/14/politics/gary-johnson-joe-mcquaid-union-leader-new-hampshire/ |title=Union Leader breaks with 100-year tradition, endorses Gary Johnson |first1=Daniella |last1=Diaz |first2=Cassie |last2=Spodak |work=] |date=September 14, 2016 |access-date=September 27, 2016 |archive-date=September 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924125212/https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/14/politics/gary-johnson-joe-mcquaid-union-leader-new-hampshire |url-status=live }}</ref> and '']'', which had not endorsed a non-Republican in its 143 years,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/editorials/2016/09/28/endorse-johnson-president/91254412/|title=Endorsement: Libertarian Gary Johnson for president|access-date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=September 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902075509/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/editorials/2016/09/28/endorse-johnson-president/91254412/|url-status=live}}</ref> endorsed Gary Johnson.

== Involvement of other countries ==

=== Russian involvement ===
{{main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Mueller report}}
On December 9, 2016, the ] issued an assessment to lawmakers in the US Senate, stating that a Russian entity hacked the DNC and ]'s emails to assist Donald Trump. The ] agreed.<ref name="WashPost12162016">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-blames-putins-personal-grudge-against-her-for-election-interference/2016/12/16/12f36250-c3be-11e6-8422-eac61c0ef74d_story.html |title=FBI in agreement with CIA that Russia aimed to help Trump win White House |newspaper=] |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=February 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215010529/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-blames-putins-personal-grudge-against-her-for-election-interference/2016/12/16/12f36250-c3be-11e6-8422-eac61c0ef74d_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> President ] ordered a "full review" into such possible intervention.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/09/us-election-hacking-russia-barack-obama-review |title=Barack Obama orders 'full review' of possible Russian hacking in US election |last=Washington |first=Spencer Ackerman David Smith in |date=December 9, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=December 10, 2016 |archive-date=December 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209231705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/09/us-election-hacking-russia-barack-obama-review |url-status=live }}</ref> Director of National Intelligence ] in early January 2017 testified before a Senate committee that Russia's meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign went beyond hacking, and included disinformation and the dissemination of ], often promoted on social media.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/top-us-cyber-officials-russia-poses-a-major-threat-to-the-countrys-infrastructure-and-networks/2017/01/05/36a60b42-d34c-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |title=Top U.S. intelligence official: Russia meddled in election by hacking, spreading of propaganda |date=January 5, 2017 |newspaper=] |access-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309220914/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/top-us-cyber-officials-russia-poses-a-major-threat-to-the-countrys-infrastructure-and-networks/2017/01/05/36a60b42-d34c-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Facebook revealed that during the 2016 United States presidential election, a Russian company funded by ], a Russian businessman with ties to ],<ref name="Prigozhin"/> had purchased advertisements on the website for US$100,000,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Facebook Says Russian Accounts Bought $100,000 in Ads During the 2016 Election |url=https://time.com/4930532/facebook-russian-accounts-2016-election/ |magazine=Time |date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> 25% of which were geographically targeted to the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cloud|first1=David S|last2=Pierson|first2=David|title=Facebook will provide ads bought by Russian company to congressional committees investigating Trump ties|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-facebook-russia-20170921-story.html|work=]|date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>

President-elect Trump originally called the report fabricated.<ref name="nyt-20161210">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/10/us/politics/trump-mocking-claim-that-russia-hacked-election-at-odds-with-gop.html |title=Trump, Mocking Claim That Russia Hacked Election, at Odds with G.O.P. |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=December 10, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> ] said the Russian government was not the source of the documents.<ref name=wapo-20121609>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-orders-review-of-russian-hacking-during-presidential-campaign/2016/12/09/31d6b300-be2a-11e6-94ac-3d324840106c_story.html |title=Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House |newspaper=] |last1=Entous |first1=Adam |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Miller |first3=Greg |date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> Days later, Trump said he could be convinced of the Russian hacking "if there is a unified presentation of evidence from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies".<ref name="WSJ12182016">{{cite web |author=Damian Paletta & Kate O'Keeffe |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/priebus-says-donald-trump-wants-fbi-view-on-russia-hacking-accusations-1482084741 |title=Donald Trump's Team Tones Down Skepticism on Russia Hacking Evidence |work=] |date=December 18, 2016}}</ref>

Several U.S. senators—including Republicans ], ], and ]—demanded a congressional investigation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/chuck-schumer-russia-investigation_us_584c1f4de4b0e05aded4329f |title=Chuck Schumer Calls For Investigation Into Russian Interference In The Election |last=Levine |first=Sam |date=December 10, 2016 |website=] |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> The ] announced the scope of their bipartisan ] on December 13, which began on January 24, 2017.<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 24, 2017 |title= SSCI Statement on Inquiry into Russian Intelligence Activities after Committee Meeting Today |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/press/ssci-statement-inquiry-russian-intelligence-activities-after-committee-meeting-today|location=Washington |publisher= US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|access-date=2020-08-11}}</ref>

A formal ] headed by former FBI director ] was initiated in May 2017 to uncover the detailed interference operations by Russia, and to determine whether any people associated with the Trump campaign were complicit in the Russian efforts. When questioned by ] on '']'' in March 2017, Clapper declared that intelligence investigations on Russian interference performed by the ], ], ] and his ] office had found no evidence of collusion between the ] and Russia.<ref name=todd-clapper>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-clapper-no-evidence-of-collusion-between-trump-and-russia-890509379597 |title=Full Clapper: 'No Evidence' of Collusion Between Trump and Russia |work=] |publisher=] |date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Mueller concluded his investigation in March 22, 2019, by submitting his report to Attorney General ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Special Counsel Mueller submits report to attorney general|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/special-counsel-mueller-submits-report-to-attorney-general-1463392323611|work=]|date=March 22, 2019|access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref>

On March 24, 2019, Barr submitted ] describing Mueller's conclusions,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/402973302/Letter |title=Letter |website=Scribd |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |last=Kimball |first=Jacob Pramuk, Spencer |date=March 24, 2019 |website=] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> and on April 18, 2019, a redacted version of the ] was released to the public. It concluded that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election did occur "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law".<ref name="NPRcongress">{{Cite news |last1=Inskeep |first1=Steve |last2=Detrow |first2=Scott |last3=Johnson |first3=Carrie |last4=Davis |first4=Susan |last5=Greene |first5=David |title=Redacted Mueller Report Released; Congress, Trump React |newspaper=] |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/18/714667960/redacted-mueller-report-is-released |publisher=] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Yale>{{Cite web |title=The Mueller Report |url=https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/mueller-report |work=YaleGlobal Online |date=May 19, 2021 |publisher=]}}</ref>

The first method detailed in the final report was the usage of the ], waging "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton".<ref name=AFPpoints>{{Cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |agency=] |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archive-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The Internet Research Agency also sought to "provoke and amplify political and social discord in the United States".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Timberg |first3=Craig |title=Through email leaks and propaganda, Russians sought to elect Trump, Mueller finds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/through-email-leaks-and-propaganda-russians-sought-to-elect-trump-mueller-finds/2019/04/18/109ddf74-571b-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |date=April 18, 2019 |newspaper=] |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>

The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the ], hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta, and also hacking into "the computer networks of the ] (DCCC) and the ] (DNC)".<ref name="MuellerGRUhack">'''', vol. I, p. 4: At the same time that the IRA operation began to focus on supporting candidate Trump in early 2016, the Russian government employed a second form of interference: cyber intrusions (hacking) and releases of hacked materials damaging to the Clinton Campaign. The Russian intelligence service known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Army (GRU) carried out these operations. In March 2016, the GRU began hacking the email accounts of Clinton Campaign volunteers and employees, including campaign chairman John Podesta. In April 2016, the GRU hacked into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The GRU stole hundreds of thousands of documents from the compromised email accounts and networks. Around the time that the DNC announced in mid-June 2016 the Russian government's role in hacking its network, the GRU began disseminating stolen materials through the fictitious online personas "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0." The GRU later released additional materials through the organization WikiLeaks.</ref> As a result, the GRU obtained hundreds of thousands of hacked documents, and the GRU proceeded by arranging releases of damaging hacked material via the WikiLeaks organization and also GRU's personas "]" and "]".<ref name="InterceptAnnotate">{{Cite web |last1=Mackey |first1=Robert |last2=Risen |first2=James |last3=Aaronson |first3=Trevor |title=Annotating special counsel Robert Mueller's redacted report |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/04/18/annotating-special-counsel-robert-muellers-redacted-report/ |work=] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ExaminerRussia">{{Cite web |last1=Dunleavy |first1=Jerry |title=Mueller says Russia's GRU stole Clinton, DNC emails and gave them to WikiLeaks |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/mueller-says-russias-gru-stole-clinton-dnc-emails-and-gave-them-to-wikileaks |work=] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
To establish whether a crime was committed by members of the Trump campaign with regard to Russian interference, the special counsel's investigators "applied the framework of ]", and not the concept of "collusion", because collusion "is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Morais |first1=Betsy |title=Collusion by any other name |url=https://www.cjr.org/first_person/trump-mueller-collusion.php |date=April 18, 2019 |work=] |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>'''', vol. I, p. 2: In evaluating whether evidence about the collective action of multiple individuals constituted a crime, we applied the framework of conspiracy law, not the concept of "collusion." In so doing, the Office recognized that the word "collud" was used in communications with the Acting Attorney General confirming certain aspects of the investigation's scope and that the term has frequently been invoked in public reporting about the investigation. But collusion is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law. For those reasons, the Office's focus in analyzing questions of joint criminal liability was on conspiracy as defined in federal law.</ref> They also investigated if members of the Trump campaign "coordinated" with Russia, using the definition of "coordination" as having "an agreement—tacit or express—between the Trump campaign and the Russian government on election interference". Investigators further elaborated that merely having "two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests" was not enough to establish coordination.<!-- ref name=NYTcompare/ --><ref>'''', vol. I, p. 2: In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question of whether members of the Trump Campaign "coordinat"—a term that appears in the appointment order—with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, "coordination" does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement—tacit or express—between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.</ref>

The Mueller report writes that the investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", found that Russia "perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency" and that the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking efforts. Ultimately, "the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities".<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{Cite web |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite magazine |last1=Law |first1=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |url=https://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |magazine=Time |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref>

However, investigators had an incomplete picture of what had really occurred during the 2016 campaign, due to some associates of Trump campaign providing either false, incomplete or declined testimony, as well as having deleted, unsaved or encrypted communications. As such, the Mueller report "cannot rule out the possibility" that information then unavailable to investigators would have presented different findings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yen |first1=Hope |title=AP Fact Check: Trump, Barr distort Mueller report findings |date=May 2019 |url=https://apnews.com/article/f9c0ab20229140f18ea34e1f15a9f597/ |publisher=] |access-date=May 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lemon |first1=Jason |title=Trump campaign figures deleted communications before Mueller could see them, potentially altering report |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-campaign-deleted-communications-mueller-altering-report-1400558 |website=] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> In March 2020, the US Justice Department dropped its prosecution of two Russian firms linked to interference in the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Department dropping case against Russian firms indicted in Mueller inquiry |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-17/feds-dropping-case-for-2-russian-companies-in-troll-probe |work=] |date=March 17, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Prigozhin">{{cite news |title=DOJ abruptly drops once-heralded prosecution of Russian troll farm initiated by Mueller |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/doj-drops-once-heralded-prosecution-of-russian-troll-farm |publisher=] |date=March 16, 2020}}</ref>

=== Other countries ===
{{see also|Foreign electoral intervention}}

Special Council ] also investigated the Trump campaign's alleged ties to ], the ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |author-link=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Report: Saudis, UAE funnelled millions to Trump 2016 campaign |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/report-saudis-uae-funnelled-millions-trump-2016-campaign-200225162254067.html |work=] |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> According to ''The Times of Israel'', Trump's longtime confidant ] "was in contact with one or more apparently well-connected Israelis at the height of the 2016 US presidential campaign, one of whom warned Stone that Trump was 'going to be defeated unless we intervene' and promised 'we have critical intell{{Sic}}.{{' "}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Redacted FBI document hints at Israeli efforts to help Trump in 2016 campaign |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/redacted-fbi-document-hints-at-israeli-efforts-to-help-trump-in-2016-campaign/ |work=] |date= April 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Roger Stone search warrants reveal new clues — and mysteries — about 2016 |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/28/roger-stone-search-warrants-assange-219908 |work=] |date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>

The Justice Department accused ] of providing $3.5 million in illicit campaign donations to Hillary Clinton before the elections and to Trump after he won the elections. According to ''The New York Times'', this was an attempt by the government of ] to influence the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/05/us/politics/indictment-uae-influence.html|title=Indictment Details How Emirates Sought Influence in 2016 Campaign |date=December 5, 2019 |newspaper=] }}</ref>

In December 2018, a Ukrainian court ruled that prosecutors in Ukraine had meddled in the 2016 election by releasing damaging information on Trump campaign chairman ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/12/world/europe/ukraine-paul-manafort.html |title=Ukraine Court Rules Manafort Disclosure Caused 'Meddling' in U.S. Election |last=Kramaer |first=Andrew E. |date=November 12, 2018 |newspaper=] }}</ref>

''Voice of America'' reported in April 2020 that "U.S. intelligence agencies concluded the ] meddled in both the 2016 and 2018 elections".<ref>{{cite news |title=China, Caught Meddling in Past Two US Elections, Claims 'Not Interested' in 2020 Vote |url=https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/china-caught-meddling-past-two-us-elections-claims-not-interested-2020-vote |work=] |date=April 30, 2020}}</ref>

In July 2021, the US federal prosecutors accused Trump's former adviser ] for being an unregistered foreign lobbying agent for the United Arab Emirates during the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tom-barrack-trump-ally-uae_n_60f71c96e4b0158a5edaad5e?dp|title=Trump Ally Tom Barrack Charged With Secretly Working For UAE|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=]|date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Barrack was found not guilty on all charges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hays |first1=Tom |title=Trump ally Tom Barrack acquitted of foreign agent charges |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-11-04/trump-ally-tom-barrack-acquitted-of-foreign-agent-charges |work=] |agency=The Associated Press |date=November 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable expressions, phrases, and statements ==
{{See also|List of political slogans}}
<!--] redirects to this section. Fix the broken link at redirect if this section's title is modified.-->
'''By Trump and Republicans:'''
* "'''Because you'd be in jail'''": Off-the-cuff quip by Donald Trump during the second presidential debate, in rebuttal to Clinton stating it was "awfully good someone with the temperament of Donald Trump is not in charge of the law in our country".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |title=Conway walks back Trump's threat to jail Clinton, calling it a 'quip' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-jail-clinton-quip-229531 |website=] |publisher=POLITICO LLC |access-date=12 November 2020 |language=en |date=10 October 2016 |quote=Trump repeated his pledge that, if elected, he would instruct his attorney general to appoint a special prosecutor to examine Clinton's email practices, to which Clinton replied that "it's just awfully good that someone with the temperament of Donald Trump is not in charge of the law in our country." "Because you would be in jail," Trump shot back.}}</ref>
* "'''Big-league'''": A word used by Donald Trump most notably during the ], misheard by many as ''bigly'', when he said, "I'm going to cut taxes big-league, and you're going to raise taxes big-league".<ref name=DailyCal/><ref>
{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/303226-trump-ends-debate-on-bigly-big-league/ |title=Trump ends debate on 'bigly' vs. 'big league' |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=October 28, 2016 |website=] }}</ref>
* "''']'''": A chant used at many Trump campaign rallies, and Donald Trump's corresponding promise of the ].<ref name=DailyCal/>
* "''']'''": A phrase Donald Trump invoked late in the campaign to describe what needs to be done to fix problems in the federal government. Trump acknowledged that the phrase was suggested to him, and he was initially skeptical about using it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump explains why he 'didn't like' the phrase 'drain the swamp' but now does|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/trump-explains-why-he-didnt-like-the-expression-drain-the-swamp-but-now-does/2016/10/26/4a2f257a-9be0-11e6-b552-b1f85e484086_video.html|date=October 26, 2016|access-date=April 3, 2018|newspaper=]}}</ref>
* "''']'''" and "'''when you're a star, they let you do it'''": A remark made by Trump during a 2005 behind-the-scenes interview with presenter ] on ]'s '']'', which was released during the campaign.
* "'''I like people who weren't captured'''": Donald Trump's criticism of Senator ], who was held as a ] by ] during the ].<ref name=CrazyQuotes>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/crazy-quotes-2016-campaign-trail-216157 |title=The 21 craziest quotes from the campaign trail |last=Gass |first=Nick |date=November 25, 2015 |website=] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/16-memorable-quotes-2016-campaign-trail |title=16 Memorable Quotes from the 2016 Campaign Trail |date=December 21, 2015 |website=PBS |access-date=January 24, 2019 |archive-date=February 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215010502/https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/16-memorable-quotes-2016-campaign-trail |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* "'''Lock her up'''": A chant first used at the ] to claim that Hillary Clinton was guilty of a crime. The chant was later used at many Trump campaign rallies and even against other politicians critical of Trump, such as Michigan Governor ]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/22/a-brief-history-of-the-lock-her-up-chant-as-it-looks-like-trump-might-not-even-try/|date=November 22, 2016|first=Peter|last=Stevenson|title=A brief history of the 'Lock her up!' chant by Trump supporters against Clinton|newspaper=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/18/gretchen-whitmer-donald-trump-rally-lock-her-up-michigan|title=Gretchen Whitmer: Trump 'inciting domestic terrorism' with 'Lock her up!' rally chant|work=]|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=October 18, 2020|access-date=October 18, 2020}}</ref> and (as "lock him up") against President ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nehemas |first1=Nicholas |last2=Eppstein |first2=Reid J. |date=2024-07-12 |title=A Fiery Biden, Ignoring Critics, Attacks Trump to Chants of 'Lock Him Up' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/12/us/politics/biden-speech-detroit.html |work=]}}</ref> The phrase would also see use in the ] by opponents of Trump in reference to his ].
* "''']'''": Donald Trump's campaign slogan.
* "'''Mexico will pay for it'''": Trump's campaign promise that if elected he will build ], with Mexico financing the project.<ref>{{cite news|title='Build that wall' has taken on a life of its own at Donald Trump's rallies—but he's still serious|newspaper=]|date=February 12, 2016|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/12/build-that-wall-has-taken-on-a-life-of-its-own-at-donald-trumps-rallies-but-hes-still-serious/|first=Jenna|last=Johnson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/trump-mexico-will-pay-for-wall-227621|date=September 1, 2016|title=Trump insists after meeting: 'Mexico will pay for the wall!'|publisher=]|first=Nick|last=Gass}}</ref>
* ''']''': These include "Crooked Hillary", "Little Marco", "Low-energy Jeb", and "Lyin' Ted".
* "'''Russia, if you're listening'''": Used by Donald Trump to invite Russia to "find the 30,000 emails that are missing" (from Hillary Clinton) during a ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trumps-russia-if-youre-listening-remark-one-year-ago-today-still-dogging-him |title=Trump's 'Russia, if you're listening' remark one year ago today still dogging him |last=Diaz |first=Alex |date=July 27, 2017 |publisher=] }}</ref>
* "''']'''": Donald Trump's response to Hillary Clinton after her saying that her proposed rise in ] contributions would also include Trump's Social Security contributions, "assuming he can't figure out how to get out of it".<ref name=DailyCal/> Later ] by supporters of Clinton<ref>{{cite web |title=#MemeOfTheWeek: Nasty Woman, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton And Janet Jackson |date=October 20, 2016 |author=Sanders, Sam |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498729702/-memeoftheweek-nasty-woman-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-janet-jackson |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Goldman, Nate |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Presenting The Best Memes Of The Third Presidential Debate |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/10/best-memes-third-presidential-debate/ |magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=] |title=How Pepe the Frog and Nasty Woman Are Shaping the Election |author=Williams, Alex |date=October 28, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/30/style/know-your-meme-pepe-the-frog-nasty-woman-presidential-election.html}}</ref> and ]s.<ref>{{cite web|title='Nasty': A Feminist History|date=October 12, 2016|author=Garber, Megan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/10/nasty-a-feminist-history/504815/|work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nasty Women|date=November 1, 2016|author=Jones, Ann|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/nasty-women_us_5818b1fee4b0990edc338747|work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=]|title='This is just the beginning': women who marched against Trump vow to fight on|author=Siddiqui, Sabrina|author2=Gambino, Lauren|author3=Redden, Molly|author4=Walters, Joanna|date=January 22, 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/21/womens-march-what-next-donald-trump}}</ref>
* "'''They're not sending their best...They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people'''": Donald Trump's controversial description of those crossing the ] during the June 2015 launch of his campaign.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full text: Donald Trump announces a presidential bid |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/ |newspaper=] |date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=March 9, 2019}}</ref>
* "'''What the hell do you have to lose?'''": Said by Donald Trump to inner-city African Americans at rallies starting on August 19, 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=LoBianco|first1=Tom|last2=Killough|first2=Ashley|title=Trump pitches black voters: "What the hell do you have to lose?"|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/19/politics/donald-trump-african-american-voters/index.html|access-date=May 9, 2018|work=]|date=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gass|first1=Nick|title=Trump defends telling black voters "what do you have to lose?"|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/trump-what-have-you-got-to-lose-228462|access-date=May 9, 2018|work=]|date=September 21, 2016|quote="Then one day I said, 'what do you have to lose?' I mean what do you have to lose? I'm going to fix it. What do you have to lose?" Trump said. "And somehow that resonated."}}</ref>

'''By Clinton and Democrats:'''
* "''']'''": A controversial phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to describe half of those who support Trump.
* "'''I'm with her'''": Clinton's unofficial campaign slogan ("Stronger Together" was the official slogan).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90109190/the-story-behind-im-with-her|title=The Story Behind "I'm With Her"|date=April 11, 2017|first=Meg|last=Miller}}</ref>
* "'''What, like with a cloth or something?'''": Said by Hillary Clinton in response to being asked whether she "]" ] during an August 2015 press conference.<ref name=CrazyQuotes/>
* "'''Why aren't I 50 points ahead?'''": Rhetorical question asked by Hillary Clinton during a video address to the ] on September 21, 2016, which was then turned into an opposition ad by the Trump campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/21/clinton-asks-why-she-isnt-beating-trump-by-50-points/ |title=Clinton asks why she isn't beating Trump by 50 points |newspaper=] |first=John |last=Wagner |date=September 21, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://adage.com/article/campaign-trail/clinton-i-50-points-ahead-trump-ad/306114/ |title=Clinton: Why aren't I 50 points ahead? New Trump ad: Uh, here's why |work=] |first=Simon |last=Dumenco |date=September 30, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
* "'''When they go low, we go high'''": Said by then-first lady ] during her ] ].<ref name=DailyCal>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailycal.org/2016/11/08/16-memorable-quotes-2016-presidential-election/ |title=20 memorable quotes from 2016 presidential election |last=Follett |first=Taylor |date=November 8, 2016 |website=The Daily Californian }}</ref> This was later inverted by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/eric-holder-republicans-when-they-go-low/index.html|title=Eric Holder on Republicans: 'When they go low, we kick them'|first=Dan|last=Merica|publisher=]|date=October 10, 2018|access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
* "'''Feel the Bern'''": A phrase chanted by supporters of the ] ] which was officially adopted by his campaign.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4213999/bernie-sanders-feel-the-bern-hashtag-origin/|title=Here's the Origin Story of Bernie Sanders' 'Feel the Bern' Hashtag|magazine=Time|access-date=February 12, 2018|date=February 9, 2018}}</ref>
* "'''] to the polls'''": An often-ridiculed phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to encourage young people to go to the polls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Remember When Hillary Joked About 'Pokémon Go to the Polls'?|url=https://www.thecut.com/2020/11/hillary-clinton-pokemon-go-to-the-polls-sexism.html|publisher=]|date=November 2, 2020|first= Kelly| last= Conaboy}}</ref>


== Debates == == Debates ==


=== Intra-party presidential debates === === Primary election ===
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums}}
''Main articles:''
* '']''
* '']''


=== Inter-party presidential debates === === General election ===
{{Main|2016 United States presidential debates}}
On April 1, 2015, the ] (CPD) announced that each of the following 16 locations are under consideration to host one of the three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate:<ref name=CPD>{{cite web | url=http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2016debates | title=CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host Applicants | publisher=] | accessdate=April 2, 2015}}</ref>
{{Location map+
* ] in ], Tennessee
| USA
* ]
| width = 320
* ] in ]
| caption = Sites of the 2016 general election debates
* ] in ]
| alt = Map of United States showing debate locations
* ] in ]
| places =
* ] in ]
{{Location map~ | USA
* ] in ]
| label = '''Hofstra University<br />Hempstead, NY'''
* ] in ]
| label_size = 75
* ] ] in ]
| position = top
* ]
| lat_deg = 40.712167
* ] in ], Missouri
| lon_deg = -73.599529
* ] and ] in ]
}}
* ] in ]
{{Location map~ | USA
* ] in ]
| label = '''Longwood University<br />Farmville, VA'''
* ] in ]
| mark = Green pog.svg
* ]
| label_size = 75
| position = bottom
| lat_deg = 37.301556
| lon_deg = -78.394194
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
| label = '''Washington University in St. Louis''', MO
| label_size = 75
| position = top
| lat_deg = 38.648
| lon_deg = -90.305
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
| label = '''University of Nevada<br />Las Vegas'''
| label_size = 75
| position = bottom
| lat_deg = 36.10779
| lon_deg = -115.14376
}}
}}


The ] (CPD), a non-profit organization, hosted ] between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. According to the commission's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, "in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination".<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926232716/http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=overview |date=September 26, 2016 }}, Debates.org.</ref>
The three locations which will host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, are to be announced by the CPD in the fall of 2015.<ref name=CPD /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanchez|first1=Stephen M.|title=Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates|url=http://www.satxdailynews.com/national-politics/three-texas-locations-vie-for-2016-presidential-debates/|website=San Antonio Daily News|accessdate=2 April 2015}}</ref>


The three locations (], ], ]) chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location (]) selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced in September 2015. The site of the first debate was originally designated as ] in ]; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate was moved to ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/wright-state-university-set-to-make-major-debate-a/nr2Jw/ |title=Hofstra University offers debate spots for WSU students |work=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304003848/http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/hofstra-university-offers-debate-spots-for-wsu-students/kuGdjGPbiU3iKsXQsQFg5I/ |archive-date=2017-03-04 |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2016 |author=Hulsey, Lynn}}</ref>
===Debate lawsuit===
On June 22, 2015, the advocacy group Level the Playing Field, along with ], the Green Party, and the ], filed a complaint for ] and ] relief against the Federal Election Commission in the ] alleging that its failure to uphold debate fairness laws and address the corruption of the CPD after multiple unresolved requests to do so intentionally excluded third parties from the election process.<ref>{{cite court|litigants=Level the Playing Field et al. v. FEC|reporter=1:15-cv-00961|court=D.D.C.|date=2015|url=http://irregulartimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/AmericansElectLibertarianPartyGreenPartyLawsuitofJune222015.pdf}}</ref><ref>Miller, Zeke J. (June 21, 2015) , '']''.com. Retrieved July 14, 2015.</ref> While a decision has not yet been reached, the FEC did take up the original complaint in a July 16 meeting, with a motion to open rulemaking failing 2–4 (Commissioners ] (D) and ] (D) voting aye and Commissioners ] (R), ] (R), ] (R), and ] (D) voting no).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Federal Election Commission|title=Sunshine Act Meetings|access-date=July 19, 2015|url=http://fec.gov/sunshine/2015/open/notice20150716.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|people=Jessica Selinkoff, Robert Knop|title=DRAFT NOTICE OF DISPOSITION ON REG 2014-06 (CANDIDATE DEBATES)|date=July 16, 2015|location=999 E. Street NW, Washington D.C.|medium=audio recording|access-date=July 19, 2015|url=http://www.fec.gov/audio/2015/2015071609.mp3}}</ref>


On August 19, ], Trump's campaign manager confirmed that Trump would participate in a series of three debates.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Flores |first1=Reena |title=Campaign manager: Trump will attend all three presidential debates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/campaign-manager-kellyanne-conway-trump-will-attend-all-three-presidential-debates/ |work=] |date=August 19, 2016 |access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref name=CPD>{{cite web |url=http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2016debates |title=CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host Applicants |publisher=] |access-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403010620/http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2016debates |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanchez |first1=Stephen M. |title=Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates |url=http://www.satxdailynews.com/national-politics/three-texas-locations-vie-for-2016-presidential-debates/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403202820/http://www.satxdailynews.com/national-politics/three-texas-locations-vie-for-2016-presidential-debates/ |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |website=San Antonio Daily News |access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="CPD decision">{{cite web |title=Commission on Presidential Debates announces sites and dates for 2016 general election debates |url=http://www.debates.org/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=57&cntnt01origid=15&cntnt01detailtemplate=newspage&cntnt01returnid=80 |publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates |access-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018233608/http://debates.org/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=57&cntnt01origid=15&cntnt01detailtemplate=newspage&cntnt01returnid=80 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trump had complained two of the scheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, would have to compete for viewers with ] games, referencing the similar complaints made regarding ] during the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-debate-schedule-226464 |title=Trump wants three presidential debates, accuses Clinton of rigging schedule |work=] |date=July 29, 2016 |access-date=July 30, 2016 |last=Lima |first=Cristiano}}</ref>
== Polling ==
;General election polling
* ]
* ]


There were also debates between independent candidates.
;Democratic primary polling
* ]
* ]


{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"
;Republican primary polling
* ] |+ Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election
|-
* ]
!No.|| Date || Time || Host || City || Moderator(s) || Participants
!Viewership
(millions)
|-
|P1
| September 26
| 9:00&nbsp;p.m. EDT
| ]
| ]
| ]
|]<br />]
|84.0<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/debate-history/2016-debates/|title=CPD: 2016 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|VP
| October 4
| 9:00&nbsp;p.m. EDT
| ]
| ]
| ]
|]<br />]
|37.0<ref name=":7"/>
|-
|P2
| October 9
| 8:00&nbsp;p.m. CDT
| ]
| ]
| ]<br />]
|]<br />]
|66.5<ref name=":7"/>
|-
|P3
| October 19
| 6:00&nbsp;p.m. PDT
| ]
| ]
| ]
|]<br />]
|71.6<ref name=":7"/>
|}

== Timeline ==
{{Main|Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election}}

== Results ==
] ] in ] on October 7]]

=== Election night and the next day ===
The news media and election experts were surprised at Trump's winning of the Electoral College. On the eve of the vote, spread betting firm ] had Clinton at an Electoral College spread of 307—322 against Trump's 216—231.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 November 2016|title=US Presidential Election 2016 Preview, Tuesday 8th November 2016|url=https://www.spreadex.com/financials/market-analysis/financial-trading-blog/us-presidential-election-2016-preview-tuesday-8th-november-2016/|access-date=2020-08-13|website=www.spreadex.com}}</ref> The final polls showed a lead by Clinton, and in the end she did receive more votes.<ref>Fred Andrew Wright and Alec Aidan Wright, "How Surprising Was Trump's Victory? Notes on Predictions in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election" (January 16, 2017). {{SSRN|2900394}}</ref> Trump himself expected, based on polling, to lose the election, and rented a small hotel ballroom to make a brief concession speech, later remarking: "I said if we're going to lose I don't want a big ballroom".<ref name="bloomberg20161213">{{cite news |last1=Jacobs |first1=Jennifer |last2=House |first2=Billy |title=Trump Says He Expected to Lose Election Because of Poll Results |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-12-14/trump-says-he-expected-to-lose-election-because-of-poll-results |agency=] |date=December 14, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> Trump performed surprisingly well in all ], especially ], ], ], and ]. Even the Democratic-leaning ] states of ], ], and ] were narrowly won by Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://kansaspublicradio.org/blog/kpr-web-operations/live-coverage-election-night-2016?post=the-path-is-open-for-trump-72 |title=Live Coverage: Election Night 2016 |date=November 8, 2016 |newspaper=]|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>

According to the authors of '']'', the White House had concluded by late Tuesday night that Trump would win the election. Obama's political director ] called Clinton campaign manager ] to persuade Clinton to concede the election, with no success. Obama then called Clinton directly, citing the importance of continuity of government, to ask her to publicly acknowledge that Trump had won.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Allen | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = Parnes | first2 = Amie | chapter = "I'm sorry" | chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QqvNDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT409 | title = Shattered: inside Hillary Clinton's doomed campaign | publisher = ] | location = New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9780553447095 }}</ref> Believing that Clinton was still unwilling to concede, the president then called her campaign chair ], but the call to Clinton had likely already persuaded her.<ref name="press20170424">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljkg-cRGfZo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/ljkg-cRGfZo |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Inside Hillary Clinton's Hotel Room on Election Night 2016 |date=April 24, 2017 |last=Press |first=Bill |publisher=] |others=Peter Ogburn, Amie Parnes, Jonathan Allen |time=1:45}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The Associated Press called Pennsylvania for Trump at 1:35 AM EST, putting Trump at 267 electoral votes. By 2:01 AM EST, they had called both Maine and Nebraska's second congressional districts for Trump, putting him at 269 electoral votes, making it impossible for Clinton to reach 270. One minute after this, John Podesta told Hillary Clinton's victory party in New York that the election was too close to call. At 2:29 AM EST, the Associated Press called Wisconsin, and the election, for Trump, giving him 279 electoral votes. By 2:37 AM EST, Clinton had called Trump to concede the election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP Definitive Source {{!}} Calling the presidential race state by state |url=https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/calling-the-presidential-race-state-by-state%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=blog.ap.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/06/hillary-clinton-what-happened-book-excerpts-242372|title=Clinton shares how it felt calling Trump to concede|website=]|date=September 6, 2017 }}</ref>

On Wednesday morning at 2:30 AM EST, it was reported that Trump had secured Wisconsin's 10 electoral votes, giving him a majority of the 538 electors in the ], enough to make him the ],<ref name="McCarthyPhipps2016">{{cite news |author1 = Ciara McCarthy |author2 = Claire Phipps |title = Election results timeline: how the night unfolded |url = https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/08/presidential-election-updates-trump-clinton-news |newspaper =] |date = November 9, 2016 |access-date = October 29, 2018}}</ref> and Trump gave his victory speech at 2:50 AM EST.<ref name="McCarthyPhipps2016"/> Later that day, Clinton asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be "a successful president for all Americans".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/politics/donald-trump-won-now-what.html |title=Highlights of Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech and President Obama's Remarks |last1=Rappeport |first1=Alan |date=November 9, 2016 |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> In his speech, Trump appealed for unity, saying "it is time for us to come together as one united people", and praised Clinton as someone who was owed "a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/politics/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-president.html |title=Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |date=November 9, 2016 |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref>

=== Statistical analysis ===
The 2016 election was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the ].<ref name=e2016/><ref name=trumped/> Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump (Electoral College votes in parentheses): Florida (29), Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Initially, Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney had in 2012, with two lost to ] in the final tally. Thirty-nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic.<ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/> Based on ] estimates of the voting age population (VAP), turnout of voters casting a vote for president was nearly 1% higher than in 2012. Examining overall turnout in the ], the University of Florida's ] estimated that 138.8 million Americans cast a ballot. Considering a VAP of 250.6 million people and a voting-eligible population (VEP) of 230.6 million people, this is a turnout rate of 55.4% VAP and 60.2% VEP.<ref name="US Elections Project">{{citation |url=http://www.electproject.org/2016g |title=2016 November General Election Turnout Rates |work=] |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> Based on this estimate, voter turnout was up compared to 2012 (54.1% VAP) but down compared to 2008 (57.4% VAP). An FEC report of the election recorded an official total of 136.7 million votes cast for president—more than any prior election.<ref name=" turnout"/>

By losing New York, Trump became the fourth and most recent victorious candidate to lose his home state, which also occurred in 1844, 1916, and 1968. Furthermore, along with ] in 1844, Trump is one of two victorious presidential nominees to win without either their home state or birth state (in this case, both were New York). Data scientist Hamdan Azhar noted the paradoxes of the 2016 outcome, saying that "chief among them the discrepancy between the popular vote, which Hillary Clinton won by 2.8 million votes, and the electoral college, where Trump won 304–227". He said Trump outperformed Mitt Romney's 2012 results, while Clinton only just matched Barack Obama's 2012 totals. Hamdan also said Trump was "the highest vote earner of any Republican candidate ever", exceeding ]'s 62.04 million votes in 2004, though neither reached Clinton's 65.9 million, nor Obama's 69.5 million votes in 2008. He concluded, with help from ''The Cook Political Report'', that the election hinged not on Clinton's large 2.8 million overall vote margin over Trump, but rather on about 78,000 votes from only three counties in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan.<ref name="AzharForbes12292016">{{cite news |last=Azhar |first=Hamdan |date=December 29, 2016 |title=2016 Vs. 2012: How Trump's Win And Clinton's Votes Stack Up To Romney And Obama |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/12/29/2016-vs-2012-how-trumps-win-and-clintons-votes-stack-up-to-obama-and-romney |url-access=subscription |work=] |location=New York City |access-date=February 4, 2018}}</ref> Clinton was the first former Secretary of State to be nominated by a major political party since ] in ].

This is the first election since 1988 in which the Republican nominee won the states of Michigan and Pennsylvania, and the first since 1984 in which they won Wisconsin. It was the first time since 1988 that the Republicans won Maine's second congressional district and the first time since George W. Bush's victory in New Hampshire in 2000 that they won any electoral votes in the Northeast. This marked the first time that Maine split its electoral votes since it began awarding them based on congressional districts in 1972, and the first time the state split its electoral vote since 1828. The 2016 election marked the eighth consecutive presidential election where the victorious ] nominee did not receive a ] over the losing major party nominee(s), with the sequence of presidential elections from ] through 2016 surpassing the sequence from ] through ] to become the longest sequence of such presidential elections in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chinni|first=Dante|title=Are close presidential elections the new normal?|date=December 6, 2020|work=]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/meet-the-press/are-close-presidential-elections-new-normal-n1250147|access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Williams 2012 pp. 1539–1570">{{cite journal|last=Williams|first=Norman R.|title=Why the National Popular Vote Compact is Unconstitutional|year=2012|journal=]|publisher=]|volume=2012|issue=5|pages=1539–1570|url=https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2686&context=lawreview|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> It was also the sixth presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state; the others have been in ], ], ], ], and ]. It was also the first election since ] that the Republicans won without having either ] or one of the ] on the ticket.

Trump was the first president with neither prior public service nor military experience. This election was the first since 1908 where neither candidate was currently serving in public office. This was the first election since 1980 where a Republican was elected without carrying every former Confederate state in the process, as Trump lost Virginia in this election.{{efn|In 1980, Democrat Jimmy Carter carried his home state of Georgia, despite losing the election.}} Trump became the first Republican to earn more than 300 electoral votes since the 1988 election, and the first Republican to win a Northeastern state since George W. Bush won New Hampshire in 2000. This was the first time since 1976 that a Republican presidential candidate lost a pledged vote via a faithless elector, and, additionally, this was the first time since 1972 that the winning presidential candidate lost an electoral vote due to faithless electors. With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996, while Stein received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%), the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000. Johnson received the highest ever share of the vote for a Libertarian nominee, surpassing Ed Clark's 1980 result.<ref name="Third-Party-Share">{{Cite news|last=Coleman|first=J. Miles|title=Why 2020's Third Party Share Should Be Lower Than 2016|date=May 14, 2020|work=Sabato's Crystal Ball|url=https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/why-2020s-third-party-share-should-be-lower-than-2016/|access-date=May 28, 2023}}</ref>

Independent candidate Evan McMullin, who appeared on the ballot in eleven states, received over 732,000 votes (0.53%). He won 21.4% of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a third-party candidate in any state since 1992. Despite dropping out of the election following his defeat in the Democratic primary, Senator Bernie Sanders received 5.7% of the vote in his home state of Vermont, the highest write-in draft campaign percentage for a presidential candidate in American history. Johnson and McMullin were the first third-party candidates since Nader to receive at least 5% of the vote in one or more states, with Johnson crossing the mark in nine states and McMullin crossing it in two.<ref name="Third-Party-Share"/> Trump became the oldest non-incumbent candidate elected president, besting Ronald Reagan in 1980, although this would be surpassed by Joe Biden in the next election. Of the 3,153 counties/districts/independent cities making returns, Trump won the most popular votes in 2,649 (84.02%) while Clinton carried 504 (15.98%).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Wilson |first=Chris |date=2017-05-17 |title=Here's the Election Map President Trump Should Hang in the West Wing |url=https://time.com/4780991/donald-trump-election-map-white-house/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref>

=== Electoral results ===
{{See also|Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election}}
<!-- This table is sorted by pledged electors first (that is, ignoring faithless electors), then by popular vote among candidates with 0 pledged electors. -->
{{start U.S. presidential ticket box|pv_footnote=<ref name=e2016/>|ev_footnote=<ref name=e2016/>}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=]|party=]|state=]|pv= 62,984,828 |pv_pct= 46.09% |ev-projected=306|ev=304 (306)|vp_count=1|vp_name=]|vp_party=]|vp_state=]|vp_ev=304{{efn|name=split faithless elector|Pence received 305 electoral votes for vice president, but only 304 as part of the Trump–Pence ticket; one faithless elector from Texas voted for Ron Paul as president instead of Trump, and is recorded separately below.}}}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=]|party=]|state=]|pv= 65,853,514 |pv_pct= 48.18% |ev-projected=232|ev=227 (232)|vp_count=1|vp_name=]|vp_party=]|vp_state=]|vp_ev=227}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=]| party=]| state=]| pv= 4,489,341 | pv_pct= 3.28% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=]| vp_party=]| vp_state=]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=]| party=]| state=]| pv= 1,457,218 | pv_pct= 1.07% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=]| vp_party=]| vp_state=]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=]| party=]| state=]| pv= 731,991 | pv_pct= 0.54% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=]| vp_party=]| vp_state=]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=]|| party=]| state=]| pv= 203,090 | pv_pct= 0.15% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=]| vp_party=]| vp_state=]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=]|party=]|state=]| pv= 74,401 | pv_pct= 0.05% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=]|vp_party=]| vp_state=]}}
|-
|colspan=9|''Tickets that received electoral votes from faithless electors''
|-
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=]{{efn|name=faithless|Received electoral vote(s) from a ]}}| party=]| state=]| pv= 111,850 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.08% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_count=1| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich|Two faithless electors from Texas cast their presidential votes for Ron Paul and John Kasich, respectively. Chris Suprun said he cast his presidential vote for John Kasich and his vice presidential vote for Carly Fiorina. The other faithless elector in Texas, Bill Greene, cast his presidential vote for Ron Paul but cast his vice presidential vote for Mike Pence, as pledged. John Kasich received recorded write-in votes in ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].}}| party=]| state=]| pv= 2,684 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vvp_count=1| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich}}| party=]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://71republic.com/2018/02/03/paul-attacks-libertarian-leadership/|title=Ron Paul Attacks Libertarian Leadership in Response to Controversy|author=Lau, Ryan|date=February 3, 2018|work=71Republic|access-date=February 3, 2018|quote="I paid my lifetime membership, in 1987, with a gold coin, to make a point."|archive-date=February 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204124008/https://71republic.com/2018/02/03/paul-attacks-libertarian-leadership/|url-status=dead}}</ref>| state=]| pv= 124 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_name=]|vp_party=Republican| vp_state=]|vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}| party=]| state=]| pv= 25 {{efn|name=write-in|Candidate received votes as a write-in. The exact numbers of write-in votes have been published for three states: California, New Hampshire, and Vermont.{{#tag:ref|CA: and NH: VT: }}}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=3 (0)| vp_count=3| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}| party=]| state=]| pv= 0 | pv_pct= 0.00% | ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_name=]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=]| vp_state=]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box other|footnote=|pv= 760,210 |pv_pct= 0.56% }}
{{end U.S. presidential ticket box|pv= 136,669,276 |pv_pct=|ev=538|to_win=270}}

'''Notes:'''
{{notelist}}{{bar box
|title=Popular vote<ref name=e2016/><ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|48.18}}
{{bar percent|Trump|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|46.09}}
{{bar percent|Johnson|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|3.28}}
{{bar percent|Stein|{{party color|Green Party (US)}}|1.07}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|1.38}}
}}
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ ↓
|- style="color:white"
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}; width:43.12%" | '''232'''
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; width:56.88%" | '''306'''
|-
| style="color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | '''Clinton'''
| style="color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | '''Trump'''

|}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—pledged
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Trump/Pence'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.88}}
{{bar percent|Clinton/Kaine|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|43.12}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Trump'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.51}}
{{bar percent|Clinton|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|42.19}}
{{bar percent|Powell|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.56}}
{{bar percent|Kasich|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Paul|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Sanders|{{party color|Independent (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Spotted Eagle|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.19}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—Vice President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Pence'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.69}}
{{bar percent|Kaine|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|42.19}}
{{bar percent|Warren|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.37}}
{{bar percent|Cantwell|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Collins |{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Fiorina|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|LaDuke|{{party color|Green Party (US)}}|0.19}}
}}

=== Results by state ===
The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states is the official Federal Election Commission report.<ref name=e2016/> The column labeled "Margin" shows Trump's margin of victory over Clinton (the margin is negative for every state that Clinton won). A total of 29 ] appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Former ] ] and physician ] repeated their ] roles as the nominees for the ] and the ], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Geier |first1=Ben |title=The 2016 Presidential Election Could Have Two Spoiler Candidates |url=http://fortune.com/2016/06/27/2016-third-parties/ |work=] |access-date=September 25, 2016 |date=June 27, 2016}}</ref>

Aside from ] and ], the states that secured Trump's victory are situated in the ]/] region. ] went Republican for the first time since ], while ] and ] went Republican for the first time since ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schleifer |first1=Theodore |title=Trump stomps all over the Democrats' Blue Wall |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-blue-wall |access-date=November 3, 2017 |publisher=] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232319/http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-91869779 |date=May 27, 2019}}, '']'', November 9, 2016.</ref><ref>, '']'', November 9, 2016.</ref> Stein petitioned for a ] in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. The Clinton campaign pledged to participate in the Green Party recount efforts, while Trump backers challenged them in court.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump election: Wisconsin prepares for vote recount |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38112752 |work=] |access-date=November 26, 2016 |date=November 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=splits/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/michigan-board-to-hear-trump-s-challenge-to-recount-effort/404188576/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203123227/http://www.startribune.com/michigan-board-to-hear-trump-s-challenge-to-recount-effort/404188576/ |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |title=Michigan Board to Hear Trump's Challenge to Recount Effort|website=] }}</ref> Meanwhile, ]/] presidential candidate ] petitioned for and was granted a partial recount in ].<ref name="NV">{{cite news |title=The Latest: 5 Nevada counties to recount presidential race |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-stein-to-seek-presidential-recount-in-michigan/2016/11/30/c760d82c-b724-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081843/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-stein-to-seek-presidential-recount-in-michigan/2016/11/30/c760d82c-b724-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |newspaper=]|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> According to a 2021 study in ''Science Advances'', conversion of voters who voted for Obama in 2012 to Trump in 2016 contributed to Republican flips in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Seth J.|last2=Hopkins|first2=Daniel J.|last3=Huber|first3=Gregory A.|date=2021-04-01|title=Not by turnout alone: Measuring the sources of electoral change, 2012 to 2016|journal=Science Advances|language=en|volume=7|issue=17|pages=eabe3272|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe3272|pmid=33883131|pmc=8059927|bibcode=2021SciA....7.3272H|issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
|+ Legend
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
|colspan=2| States/districts won by ]/]
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
|colspan=2| States/districts won by ]/]
|-
| † || At-large results (for states that split electoral votes)
|}
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2"
|-
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|stp=1|State or<br />district}}
!colspan=3 | Hillary Clinton<br />Democratic
!colspan=3 | Donald Trump<br />Republican
!colspan=3 | Gary Johnson<br />Libertarian
!colspan=3 | Jill Stein<br />Green
!colspan=3 | Evan McMullin<br />Independent
!colspan=3 | Others
!colspan=2 | Margin
! Margin<br />swing{{Efn|Percentage point difference in margin from the ]}}
!rowspan=2 data-sort-type="number" | Total<br />votes
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|stp=1|Sources}}
|-
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number"| %
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||729,547||34.36%||–||1,318,255||62.08%||9||44,467||2.09%||–||9,391||0.44%||–||–||–||–|| 21,712 ||1.02%||–||588,708||27.73%||5.54%||2,123,372||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Alabama: Canvass of Results |url=http://www.alabamavotes.gov/downloads/election/2016/general/2016-Official-General-Election-Results-Certified-2016-11-29.pdf |date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||116,454||36.55%||–||163,387||51.28%||3||18,725|| 5.88%||–||5,735||1.80%||–||–||–||–|| 14,307||4.49%||–||46,933||14.73%||0.74%||318,608||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election Official Results |url=http://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/16GENR/data/results.htm |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,161,167||44.58%||–||1,252,401||48.08%||11||106,327||4.08%||–||34,345||1.32%||–||17,449||0.67%||–||32,968||1.27%||–||91,234||3.50%||−5.56%||2,604,657||<ref>{{cite web |title=Arizona Secretary of State |url=https://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/Official%20Signed%20State%20Canvass.pdf|date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015728/https://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/Official%20Signed%20State%20Canvass.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 380,494||33.65%||–||684,872||60.57%||6||29,949||2.64%||–||9,473||0.84%||–||13,176||1.17%||–||12,712||1.12%||–||304,378||26.92%||3.23%||1,130,676||<ref>{{cite web |title=Arkansas Secretary of State |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/AR/63912/184157/Web01/en/summary.html |date=November 23, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref><!--numbers are from this source - the fec report disagrees on the vote totals of johnson and mcmullin-->
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 8,753,788||61.73%||55||4,483,810||31.62%||–||478,500||3.37%||–||278,657||1.96%||–||39,596||0.28%||–||147,244||1.04%||–||−4,269,978||−30.11%||−6.99%||14,181,595||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/sov/17-presidential-formatted.pdf |title=Election results |work=California Secretary of State |access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,338,870||48.16%||9||1,202,484||43.25%||–||144,121||5.18%||–||38,437||1.38%||–||28,917||1.04%||–||27,418||0.99%||–||−136,386||−4.91%||0.45%||2,780,247||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Certified Results |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CO/63746/184388/Web01/en/summary.html |publisher=Colorado Secretary of State |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 897,572||54.57%||7||673,215||40.93%||–||48,676||2.96%||–||22,841||1.39%||–||2,108||0.13%||–||508||0.03%||–||−224,357||−13.64%||3.69%||1,644,920||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results, Statewide |url=http://ctemspublic.pcctg.net/#/home |publisher=Connecticut Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 235,603||53.09%||3||185,127||41.72%||–||14,757||3.32%||–||6,103||1.37%||–||706||0.16%||–||1,518||0.34%||–||−50,476||−11.37%||7.26%||443,814||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/results/html/stwoff_kns.shtml |title=State Of Delaware Elections System—Official Election Results |access-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212053647/https://elections.delaware.gov/results/html/stwoff_kns.shtml |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/results/pdf/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Write-In%20Candidates%20Votes.pdf |title=State Of Delaware Elections System—Write-In Candidates Votes Cast |access-date=January 23, 2017 |archive-date=January 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130134929/http://elections.delaware.gov/results/pdf/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Write-In%20Candidates%20Votes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||282,830||90.86%||3||12,723||4.09%||–||4,906||1.57%||–||4,258||1.36%||–||–||–||–||6,551||2.52%||–||−270,107||−86.77%||−3.14%||311,268||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/v3/2016/November-8-General-Election |title=Washington DC General Election 2016—Certified Results |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||4,504,975||47.82%||–||4,617,886||49.02%||29||207,043||2.20%||–||64,399||0.68%||–||–||–||–||25,736||0.28%||–||112,911||1.20%||2.08%||9,420,039||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enight.elections.myflorida.com/FederalOffices/Presidential/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316180540/http://enight.elections.myflorida.com/FederalOffices/Presidential/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |title=Florida President of the United States Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,877,963||45.64%||–||2,089,104||50.77%||16||125,306||3.05%||–||7,674||0.19%||–||13,017||0.32%||–||1,668||0.04%||–||211,141||5.13%||−2.69%||4,114,732||<ref>{{cite web |title=Georgia General Election—Official Results |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/GA/63991/184321/en/summary.html |access-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sos.ga.gov/index.php/elections/2016_votes_cast_for_certified_write-in_candidates |title=2016 votes cast for certified write-in candidates |access-date=December 18, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221011256/http://sos.ga.gov/index.php/elections/2016_votes_cast_for_certified_write-in_candidates |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||266,891||62.22%||3||128,847||30.03%||–||15,954||3.72%||–||12,737||2.97%||–||–||–||–||4,508||1.05%||1||−138,044||−32.18%||10.53%||428,937||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-content/results/histatewide.pdf |title=General Election 2016—State of Hawaii—Statewide |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 189,765||27.49%||–||409,055||59.26%||4||28,331||4.10%||–||8,496||1.23%||–||46,476||6.73%||–||8,132||1.18%||–||219,290||31.77%||0.08%||690,255||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Totals |url=http://sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2016/General/statewide_totals.html |publisher=Idaho Secretary of State |access-date=December 3, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 3,090,729||55.83%||20||2,146,015||38.76%||–||209,596||3.79%||–||76,802||1.39%||–||11,655||0.21%||–||1,627||0.03%||–||−944,714||−17.06%||−0.19%||5,536,424||<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Results |url=http://elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2f0%3d |publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224102216/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2F0%3D |archive-date=December 24, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,033,126||37.77%||–||1,557,286||56.94%||11||133,993||4.90%||–||7,841||0.29%||–||–||–||–||2,712||0.10%||–||524,160||19.17%||8.97%||2,734,958||<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Results |date=December 1, 2016 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State |url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2016?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=36&districtID=-1&candidate= |access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 653,669 ||41.74%||–||800,983||51.15%||6||59,186||3.78%||–||11,479||0.73%||–||12,366||0.79%||–||28,348||1.81%||–||147,314||9.41%||15.22%||1,566,031||<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal/Statewide Races |publisher=Iowa Secretary of State |url=https://electionresults.sos.iowa.gov/Views/TabularData.aspx?TabView=StateRaces^Federal%20/%20Statewide%20Races^86&ElectionID=86 |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224162855/https://electionresults.sos.iowa.gov/Views/TabularData.aspx?TabView=StateRaces%5EFederal%20%2F%20Statewide%20Races%5E86&ElectionID=86 |archive-date=December 24, 2016 }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||427,005||36.05%||–||671,018||56.65%||6||55,406||4.68%||–||23,506||1.98%||–||6,520||0.55%||–|| 947 ||0.08%||–||244,013||20.60%||−1.11%||1,184,402||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Vote Totals |url=https://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/16elec/2016_General_Election_Official_Results.pdf |publisher=Kansas Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||628,854||32.68%||–||1,202,971||62.52%||8||53,752||2.79%||–||13,913||0.72%||–||22,780||1.18%||–|| 1,879 ||0.10%||–||574,177||29.84%||7.15%||1,924,149||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 General Election Results |url=http://elect.ky.gov/results/2010-2019/Documents/2016%20General%20Election%20Results.pdf |publisher=Kentucky Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 780,154||38.45%||–||1,178,638||58.09%||8||37,978||1.87%||–||14,031||0.69%||–||8,547||0.42%||–||9,684||0.48%||–||398,484||19.64%||2.44%||2,029,032||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/static/#/2016-11-08/resultsRace/Presidential |title=Louisiana Secretary of State—Official Election Results |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] † || 357,735||47.83%||2||335,593||44.87%||–||38,105||5.09%||–||14,251||1.91%||–||1,887||0.25%||–||356||0.05%||–||−22,142||−2.96%||12.33%||747,927|| rowspan=3|<ref name="archives.gov Maine">{{cite web |title=Certificate of Ascertainment of Electors—State of Maine |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/electoral-college/2016/ascertainment-maine.pdf |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |access-date=November 2, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Maine's tabulations">{{cite web |title=Tabulations for Elections held in 2016 |url=http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/results16-17.html#tally |publisher=Maine Department of the Secretary of State |access-date=January 7, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|ME-1|Maine's 1st congressional district}}''||''212,774''||''53.96%''||1||''154,384''||''39.15%''||–||''18,592''||''4.71%''||–||''7,563''||''1.92%''||–||''807''||''0.20%''||–||''209''||''0.05%''||–||''−58,390''||''−14.81%''||''6.58%''||''394,329''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|ME-2|Maine's 2nd congressional district}}'' ||''144,817''||''40.98%''||–||''181,177''||''51.26%''||1||''19,510''||''5.52%''||–||''6,685''||''1.89%''||–||''1,080''||0.31%||–||''147''||''0.04%''||–||''36,360''||''10.29%''||''18.85%''||''353,416''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,677,928||60.33%||10||943,169||33.91%||–||79,605||2.86%||–||35,945||1.29%||–||9,630||0.35%||–||35,169||1.26%||–||−734,759||−26.42%||−0.35%||2,781,446||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for President and Vice President of the United States |url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/elections/2016/results/general/gen_results_2016_4_001-.html |publisher=Maryland State Board of Elections |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,995,196||60.01%||11||1,090,893||32.81%||–||138,018||4.15%||–||47,661||1.43%||–||2,719||0.08%||–||50,559||1.52%||–||−904,303||−27.20%||−4.06%||3,325,046||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/view/130243/ |title=2016 President General Election |publisher=Massachusetts Secretary of State |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||2,268,839||47.27%||–||2,279,543||47.50%||16||172,136||3.59%||–||51,463||1.07%||–||8,177||0.17%||–||19,126||0.40%||–||10,704||0.23%||9.73%||4,799,284 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/2016GEN_CENR.html |title=Ruth Johnson, Secretary of State—Official Election Results |date=November 28, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,367,716||46.44%||10||1,322,951||44.92%||–||112,972||3.84%||–||36,985||1.26%||–||53,076||1.80%||–||51,113||1.74%||–||−44,765||−1.52%||6.17%||2,944,813||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election Results |url=http://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/2016-general-election-results |publisher=Minnesota Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202172048/http://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/2016-general-election-results |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 485,131 ||40.06%||–||700,714||57.86%||6||14,435||1.19%||–||3,731||0.31%||–||–||–||–|| 5,346||0.44%||–||215,583||17.83%||6.33%||1,209,357||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Mississippi Certificate of Vote–2016 General Election |url=http://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections-Voting/Pages/2016-General-Election.aspx |publisher=Mississippi Secretary of State |date=November 28, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2016 |archive-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227085031/https://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections-Voting/Pages/2016-General-Election.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,071,068||38.14%||–||1,594,511||56.77%||10||97,359||3.47%||–||25,419||0.91%||–||7,071||0.25%||–||13,177||0.47%||–||523,443||18.64%||9.26%||2,808,605||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results |url=http://enr.sos.mo.gov/PickaRace.aspx |publisher=Missouri Secretary of State |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 177,709||35.75%||–||279,240||56.17%||3||28,037||5.64%||–||7,970||1.60%||–||2,297||0.46%||–||1,894||0.38%||–||101,531||20.42%||6.77%||497,147||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Statewide General Election Canvass |url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/2016GeneralStatewideCanvass.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220084738/http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/2016GeneralStatewideCanvass.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Statewide Write-In Canvass |url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/CanvassReport-Write-Ins.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090038/http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/CanvassReport-Write-Ins.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] † ||284,494||33.70%||–||495,961||58.75%||2||38,946||4.61%||–||8,775||1.04%||–||–||–||–||16,051||1.90%||–||211,467||25.05%||3.28%||844,227||rowspan="4"|<ref name="NB">{{cite web |title=Official Report of the Board of State Canvassers |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2016/pdf/2016-canvass-book.pdf |publisher=Nebraska Secretary of State |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220110345/http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2016/pdf/2016-canvass-book.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-1|Nebraska's 1st congressional district}}'' ||''100,132''||''35.46%''||–||''158,642''||''56.18%''||1 ||''14,033''||''4.97%''||–||''3,374''||''1.19%''||–||–||–||–||6,181||2.19%||–||''58,500''||''20.72%''||''4.12%''||''282,338''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-2|Nebraska's 2nd congressional district}}'' ||''131,030''||''44.92%''||–||''137,564''||''47.16%''||1 ||''13,245''||''4.54%''||–||''3,347''||''1.15%''||–||–||–||–||6,494||2.23%||–||''6,534''||''2.24%''||''−4.91%''||''291,680''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-3|Nebraska's 3rd congressional district}}'' ||''53,332''||''19.73%''||–||''199,755''||''73.92%''||1 ||''11,668''||''4.32%''||–||''2,054''||''0.76%''||–||–||–||–||3,451||1.28%||–||''146,367''||''54.19%''||''11.78%''||''270,109''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||539,260||47.92%||6||512,058||45.50%||–||37,384||3.29%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||36,683||3.23%||–||−27,202||−2.42%||4.26%||1,125,385
||<ref>{{cite web |title=Silver State Election Night Results |url=http://silverstateelection.com/USPresidential/ |publisher=Nevada Secretary of State |access-date=December 4, 2016 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129111416/http://silverstateelection.com/USPresidential/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 348,526||46.98%||4||345,790||46.61%||–||30,777||4.15%||–||6,496||0.88%||–||1,064||0.14%||–||11,643||1.24%||–||−2,736||−0.37%||5.21%||744,296||<ref>{{cite web |title=President of the United States—2016 General Election |url=http://sos.nh.gov/2016PresGen.aspx?id=8589964144 |publisher=New Hampshire Secretary of State |access-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220030507/http://sos.nh.gov/2016PresGen.aspx?id=8589964144 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 2,148,278||55.45%||14||1,601,933||41.35%||–||72,477||1.87%||–||37,772||0.98%||–||–||–||–||13,586||0.35%||–||−546,345||−14.10%||3.69%||3,874,046||<ref>{{cite web |title=Candidates for President—For General Election 11/08/2016 |url=http://www.njelections.org/2016-results/2016-official-general-results-president-1206b.pdf |publisher=State of New Jersey Department of State |access-date=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107140227/http://www.njelections.org/2016-results/2016-official-general-results-president-1206b.pdf |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||385,234||48.26%||5||319,667||40.04%||–||74,541||9.34%||–||9,879||1.24%||–||5,825||0.73%||–||3,173||0.40%||–||−65,567
|−8.21%||1.94%||798,319||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results General Election |url=http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsSW.aspx?type=FED&map=CTY |publisher=New Mexico Secretary of State |date=November 25, 2016 |access-date=December 12, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||4,556,124||59.01%||29||2,819,534||36.52%||–||176,598||2.29%||–||107,934||1.40%||–||10,373||0.13%||–||50,890||0.66%||–||−1,736,590
|−22.49%||5.69%||7,721,453||<ref>{{cite web |title=New York State General Election Official Results |url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2016/General/President_11082016_Amend12212016.pdf |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=December 25, 2016 |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222225106/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2016/General/President_11082016_Amend12212016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||2,189,316||46.17%||–||2,362,631||49.83%||15||130,126||2.74%||–||12,105||0.26%||–||–||–||–||47,386||1.00%||–||173,315||3.66%||1.62%||4,741,564||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official General Election Results—Statewide |url=http://er.ncsbe.gov/?election_dt=11/08/2016&county_id=0&office=FED&contest=0 |publisher=North Carolina State Board of Elections |access-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 93,758||27.23%||–||216,794||62.96%||3||21,434||6.22%||–||3,780||1.10%||–||–||–||–||8,594||2.49%||–||123,036||35.73%||16.11%||344,360||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.sos.nd.gov/resultsSW.aspx?text=Race&type=SW&map=CTY |title=Official Results General Election—North Dakota |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||2,394,164||43.56%||–||2,841,005||51.69%||18||174,498||3.17%||–||46,271||0.84%||–||12,574||0.23%||–||27,975||0.51%||–||446,841||8.13%||11.11%||5,496,487||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2016Results.aspx |title=Ohio State Election Board—Official Results |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-date=July 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713135350/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2016Results.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 420,375||28.93%||–||949,136||65.32%||7||83,481||5.75%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||528,761||36.39%||2.95%
||1,452,992||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/support/20161108_seb.html |title=Oklahoma State Election Board—Official Results |access-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-date=November 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124092853/https://www.ok.gov/elections/support/20161108_seb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 1,002,106||50.07%||7||782,403||39.09%||–||94,231||4.71%||–||50,002||2.50%||–||–||–||–||72,594||3.63%||–||−219,703
|−10.98%||1.11%||2,001,336||<ref>{{cite web |title=November 8, 2016, General Election Abstract of Votes |url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/RecordView/6873777 |publisher=Oregon Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||2,926,441||47.46%||–||2,970,733||48.18%||20||146,715||2.38%||–||49,941||0.81%||–||6,472||0.11%||–|| 65,176||1.06%||–||44,292||0.72%||6.10%||6,165,478||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electionreturns.pa.gov/ENR_New/General/SummaryResults?ElectionID=54&ElectionType=G&IsActive=1 |title=2016 Presidential Election |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221084401/http://www.electionreturns.pa.gov/ENR_New/General/SummaryResults?ElectionID=54&ElectionType=G&IsActive=1 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 252,525||54.41%||4||180,543||38.90%||–||14,746||3.18%||–||6,220||1.34%||–||516||0.11%||–||9,594||2.07%||–||−71,982
|−15.51%||11.95%||464,144||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election—Presidential Electors For |url=http://www.ri.gov/election/results/2016/general_election/races/301.html |publisher=State of Rhode Island Board of Elections |access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 855,373||40.67%||–||1,155,389||54.94%||9||49,204||2.34%||–||13,034||0.62%||–||21,016|| 1.00%||–||9,011||0.43%||–||300,016||14.27%||3.80%||2,103,027||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enr-scvotes.org/SC/64658/183653/en/summary.html |title=2016 Statewide General Election—South Carolina |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||117,458||31.74%||–||227,721||61.53%||3||20,850||5.63%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||4,064 ||1.10%||–||110,263||29.79%||11.77%||370,093||<ref>{{cite web |title=South Dakota certificate of ascertainment |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/2016-certificates/pdfs/ascertainment-south-dakota.pdf |publisher=National archives |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||870,695||34.72%||–||1,522,925||60.72%||11||70,397||2.81%||–||15,993||0.64%||–||11,991||0.48%||–||16,026||0.64%||–||652,230||26.01%||5.61%||2,508,027||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Tennessee November 8, 2016 State General United States President |url=http://sos-tn-gov-files.s3.amazonaws.com/PresidentbyCountyNov2016.pdf |publisher=Tennessee Secretary of State |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || 3,877,868||43.24%||–||4,685,047||52.23%||36||283,492||3.16%||–||71,558||0.80%||–||42,366||0.47%||–||8,895||0.10%||2||807,179||8.99%||−6.80%||8,969,226||<ref>{{cite web |title=Race Summary Report, 2016 General Election |url=http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist319_state.htm |publisher=Texas Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||310,676||27.46%||–||515,231||45.54%||6||39,608||3.50%||–||9,438||0.83%||–||243,690||21.54%||–||12,787||1.13%||–||204,555||18.08%||−29.85%||1,131,430||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Federal Election Results |url=https://elections.utah.gov/Media/Default/2016%20Election/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Statewide%20Canvass%203.pdf |publisher=2016 General Election—Statewide Canvass |access-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] || |178,573||56.68%||3||95,369||30.27%||–||10,078||3.20%||–||6,758||2.14%||–||639||0.20%||–||23,650||7.51%||–||−83,204
|−26.41%||9.19%||315,067||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |title=Vermont US President and Vice President—Official Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528035300/https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,981,473||49.73%||13||1,769,443||44.41%||–||118,274||2.97%||–||27,638||0.69%||–||54,054||1.36%||–||33,749||0.85%||–||−212,030
|−5.32%||−1.44%||3,984,631||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html |title=Virginia President and Vice President—Official Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223044002/http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,742,718||52.54%||8||1,221,747||36.83%||–||160,879||4.85%||–||58,417||1.76%||–||–||–||–|||133,258||4.02%||4||−520,971
|−15.71%||−0.84%||3,317,019||<ref>{{cite web |title=November 8, 2016 General Election Results |url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/2016presgeresults.pdf |publisher=FEC Election Results |access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||188,794||26.43%||–||489,371||68.50%||5||23,004||3.22%||–||8,075||1.13%||–||1,104||0.15%||–||4,075||0.57%||–||300,577||42.07%||15.31%||714,423||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Results |url=http://services.sos.wv.gov/apps/elections/results/results.aspx?year=2016&eid=23&county=Statewide |publisher=West Virginia Secretary of State |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225112543/http://services.sos.wv.gov/apps/elections/results/results.aspx?year=2016&eid=23&county=Statewide |archive-date=December 25, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||1,382,536||46.45%||–||1,405,284||47.22%||10||106,674||3.58%||–||31,072||1.04%||–||11,855||0.40%||–||38,729||1.30%||–||22,748||0.77%||7.71%||2,976,150||<ref>{{cite web |work=WEC Canvass Reporting System |url=http://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/County%20by%20County%20Report%20President%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Recount.pdf |title=County by County Report |publisher=Wisconsin Elections Commission |date=December 13, 2016 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214185431/http://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/County%20by%20County%20Report%20President%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Recount.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ] ||55,973||21.88%||–||174,419||68.17%||3||13,287||5.19%||–||2,515||0.98%||–||–||–||–||9,655||3.78%||–||118,446||46.29%||5.47%||255,849||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soswy.state.wy.us/Elections/Docs/2016/Results/General/2016_Wyoming_General_Election_Results.pdf |title=Wyoming Official Election Results |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-
!Total ||{{right}} 65,853,516 ||{{right}} 48.18% ||{{right}} 227 ||{{right}} 62,984,825 ||{{right}} 46.09% ||{{right}} 304 ||{{right}} 4,489,221 ||{{right}} 3.28% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 1,457,216 ||{{right}} 1.07% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 731,788 ||{{right}} 0.54% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 1,152,671 ||{{right}} 0.84% ||{{right}} 7 ||{{right}} −2,868,691 ||{{right}} −2.10% ||{{right}} 1.76% ||{{{right}} 136,669,237
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|Sources}}
|-
!
!colspan=3| Hillary Clinton<br />Democratic
!colspan=3| Donald Trump<br />Republican
!colspan=3| Gary Johnson<br />Libertarian
!colspan=3| Jill Stein<br />Green
!colspan=3| Evan McMullin<br />Independent
!colspan=3| Others
!colspan=2| Margin
! Margin<br />swing
! Total<br />votes
|}</div>

Two states (Maine{{efn|name=maine-split|Maine split its electoral votes for the first time since ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/11/10/maine-splits-its-electoral-votes-for-first-time-since-1828 |title=Maine Splits its Electoral Votes for First Time Since 1828 |date=November 10, 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org}}</ref>}} and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates by congressional districts. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/2012-certificates/pdfs/ascertainment-maine.pdf |title=State of Maine Certificate of Ascertainment of Electors |access-date=December 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name=nebraska>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2012/pdf/2012-general-canvass.pdf |title=Official Results of Nebraska General Election—November 6, 2012 |access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Results are from ''The New York Times''.<ref name="nytimes-trump-ona">{{cite news |title=Presidential Election Results: Donald J. Trump Wins |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/president |newspaper=] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>

====States and EV districts that flipped from Democratic to Republican====
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=== Battleground states ===
] to 2016. Only eleven states (as well as the District of Columbia and Nebraska's 2nd congressional district) shifted more Democratic. The ] is mostly due to the votes for third-party candidate ] and the 2012 candidacy of ].]]

Most ] announced the beginning of the presidential race about twenty months prior to ]. Soon after the first contestants declared their candidacy, ] listed Virginia, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, Florida, Nevada, and Ohio as the seven states most likely to be contested in the ]. After Donald Trump clinched the Republican presidential nomination, many pundits felt that the major campaign locations might be different from what had originally been expected.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/31/politics/new-jersey-poll-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Poll: Clinton, Trump running tight race in NJ |last=LoBianco |first=Tom |date=May 31, 2016 |work=CNN |publisher=]|access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref>

] such as ], ], and even ] were thought to be in play with Trump as the nominee, while states with large minority populations, such as ] and ], were expected to shift towards Clinton.<ref name="sabato">{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/the-only-thing-that-matters/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball " The Electoral College: The Only Thing That Matters |website=www.centerforpolitics.org|date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> By the conventions period and the debates, however, it did not seem as though the Rust Belt states could deliver a victory to Trump, as many of them were considered to be part of the "]" of Democratic-leaning states. Trump's courting of the ], a sizable number of whom were ]s, has been cited as the cause for the loss of the Rust Belt by the Democratic nominee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dziennikzwiazkowy.com/news-in-english/trump-wouldnt-win-without-polish-americans-an-interview-with-william-bill-ciosek/|title=Trump Wouldn't Win Without Polish-Americans. An Interview With William "Bill" Ciosek|date=November 21, 2016}}</ref> According to Politico<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-path-to-victory-224239 |title=Donald Trump's path to victory |newspaper=]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> and FiveThirtyEight, his path to victory went through states such as Florida, North Carolina, Nevada, New Hampshire, and possibly Colorado.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/clintons-leading-in-exactly-the-states-she-needs-to-win/ |title=Clinton's Leading In Exactly The States She Needs To Win |date=September 22, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-paths-win-election-230766 |title=Three paths that deliver Trump the win |newspaper=]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/donald-trump-electoral-college-polls-228249 |title=Trump cracks the Electoral College lock |newspaper=]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trumps-incredible-shrinking-map-230135 |title=Trump's incredible shrinking map |newspaper=]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>

] indicated a closer-than-usual race in former Democratic strongholds such as ], ], ], ], ] (for the two statewide electoral votes), and ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://poll.qu.edu/images/polling/ct/ct06072016_Cvf63kbw.pdf/ |title=Clinton tops Trump in Connecticut race |last=Douglas |first=Schwartz |date=June 7, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202035629/https://poll.qu.edu/images/polling/ct/ct06072016_Cvf63kbw.pdf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://media.wix.com/ugd/3bebb2_dd659ad4faf34206969d7dbef07995e2.pdf |title=Clinton can sweep Northeast |last=Kimball |first=Spencer |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20160907/emerson-poll-finds-clintons-lead-over-trump-precariously-thin-in-ri |title=Emerson poll finds Clinton's lead over Trump precariously thin in R.I. |last=Gregg |first=Katherine |date=September 7, 2016 |website=www.providencejournal.com |access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref>

A consensus among ] developed throughout the ] season regarding swing states.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |website=Politico Magazine|date=May 3, 2015 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> From the results of presidential elections from ] through to ], the Democratic and Republican parties would generally start with a safe ] of about 150 to 200.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.270towin.com/ |title=2016 Presidential Election Interactive Map |website=270toWin.com |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/the-only-thing-that-matters/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball " The Electoral College: The Only Thing That Matters |website=www.centerforpolitics.org |date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> However, the ] required to constitute a swing state are vague, and can vary between groups of analysts.<ref name="Levin">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/21/utah-mormon-voters-anti-donald-trump-republican-caucuses |title=Why Mormons in America's most conservative state could turn a Trump stronghold questionably Democratic |last=Levin |first=Sam |date=March 21, 2016 |website=]|access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Roche">{{cite web |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865650513/Poll-Utah-would-vote-for-a-Democrat-for-president-over-Trump.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320153419/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865650513/Poll-Utah-would-vote-for-a-Democrat-for-president-over-Trump.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 20, 2016 |title=Poll: Utah would vote for a Democrat for president over Trump |last=Roche |first=Lisa Riley |date=March 20, 2016 |website=DeseretNews.com|access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> It was thought that left-leaning states in the ] could become more ], as Trump had strong appeal among many ]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republican-revolt/419118/ |title=The Great Republican Revolt |last=Frum |first=David |website=] |date=December 22, 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref> They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump's eventual ]. Trump's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rothenberggonzales.com/ratings/president/2016-presidential-ratings-august-19-2016 |title=Presidential Ratings {{!}} The Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report|website=rothenberggonzales.com|access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref>

Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio and North Carolina.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |title=Electoral Map Gives Donald Trump Few Places to Go |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/us/politics/donald-trump-presidential-race.html |access-date=July 31, 2016 |work=] |date=July 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Challan |first1=David |title=Road to 270: CNN's new electoral college map |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/20/politics/road-to-270-electoral-college-map-2/index.html |publisher=] |access-date=July 31, 2016 |date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> Among the Republican-leaning states, potential Democratic targets included ], Georgia, and Arizona.<ref name="DBalz">{{cite news |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |title=The Republican Party's uphill path to 270 electoral votes in 2016 elections |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-gops-uphill-path-to-270-in-2016/2014/01/18/9404eb06-7fcf-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html |access-date=October 3, 2014 |newspaper=] |date=January 18, 2014}}</ref> Trump's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such as Utah, raised the possibility that they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent ].<ref name="lvilla1">{{cite magazine |last1=Villa |first1=Lissandra |title=Why Utah Doesn't Like Donald Trump |url=https://time.com/4397192/donald-trump-utah-gary-johnson/ |access-date=July 18, 2016 |magazine=Time |date=July 10, 2016}}</ref> However, many analysts asserted that these states were not yet viable Democratic destinations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/hillary-clinton-path-victory-224228 |title=Hillary Clinton's path to victory|website=]|date=June 19, 2016 |access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="sabato2015predictions">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |date=May 3, 2015 |publisher=] |last2=Skelley |first2=Geoffrey |last3=Sabato |first3=Larry |last1=Kondik |first1=Kyle |access-date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> Several sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the likelihood for each party to win a state.<ref name="Congressional district method">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/11/8/7174945/electoral-college-rigging |title=A totally legal, totally shady way that Republicans could ensure Hillary Clinton's defeat |date=November 8, 2014 |publisher=] |last1=Yglesias |first1=Matthew |access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> The "tossup" label is usually used to indicate that neither party has an advantage, "lean" to indicate a party has a slight edge, "likely" to indicate a party has a clear but not overwhelming advantage, and "safe" to indicate a party has an advantage that cannot be overcome.<ref name="BDoherty">{{cite news |url=http://themonkeycage.org/2012/07/31/president-obamas-disproportionate-battleground-state-focus-started-early-echoed-predecessors-actions/ |title=President Obama's Disproportionate Battleground State Focus Started Early, Echoed Predecessors' Actions |date=July 31, 2012 |publisher=Monkey Cage |last1=Doherty |first1=Brendan |access-date=November 4, 2014}}</ref>

As the parameters of the race established themselves, analysts converged on a narrower list of contested states, which were relatively similar to those of recent elections. On November 7, the ] categorized Arizona, ], ], ], Michigan, ], ], North Carolina, ], Pennsylvania, and ] as states with close races. Additionally, a district from each of Maine and Nebraska were considered to be coin flips.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |title=Electoral Vote Scorecard |website=] |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108003558/http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, ] listed twenty-two states as potentially competitive about a month before ]—Maine's two at-large electoral votes, New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Virginia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Nevada, Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Georgia, Alaska, South Carolina, Texas, ], Missouri, and Utah—as well as ] and ] congressional districts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-where-are-the-undecided-voters/ |title=Election Update: Where Are The Undecided Voters? |date=October 25, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=November 8, 2016}}</ref> ], the publication's editor-in-chief, subsequently removed Texas, South Carolina, Missouri, and Indiana from the list after the race tightened significantly.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-the-state-of-the-states/ |title=Election Update: The State Of The States |date=November 7, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=November 25, 2016}}</ref> These conclusions were supported by ] such as the ], the New York Times Upshot, and punditry evaluations from ] and the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/our-final-2016-picks/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » Our Final 2016 picks |website=www.centerforpolitics.org|date=November 7, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.270towin.com/maps/fivethirtyeight-2016-polls-plus-forecast |title=FiveThirty Eight Polls Plus Forecast |newspaper=270toWin.com|access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |title=Electoral Vote Scorecard |website=] |access-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108003558/http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.governing.com/topics/elections/gov-ratings-roundup-2016-statewide-elections.html |title=Ratings Roundup: 2016 Statewide Elections |website=www.governing.com|date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>

Hillary Clinton won states like ] by less than 10 percentage points.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsSW.aspx?type=FED&map=CTY |title=New Mexico—Election Night Results |date=November 8, 2016 |website=New Mexico Secretary of State |language=en-US|access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> Among the states where the candidates finished at a margin of within seven percent, Clinton won Virginia (13 electoral votes), Colorado (9), Maine (2), Minnesota (10), and New Hampshire (4). On the other hand, Trump won Michigan (16), Pennsylvania (20), Wisconsin (10), Florida (29), North Carolina (15), Arizona (11), Nebraska's second district (1), and Georgia (16). States won by Obama in the ], such as Ohio (18), Iowa (6), and Maine's second district (1), were also won by Trump. The close result in ] was not expected by most commentators, nor were Trump's victory of over 10 points in the second district and their disparities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-the-state-of-the-states/ |title=Election Update: The State Of The States |date=November 7, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/11/08/mainers-take-matters-into-their-own-hands-after-bitter-presidential-campaign/ |title=Trump takes 1 of Maine's 4 electoral votes, in a first for the state—The Portland Press Herald |date=November 8, 2016 |newspaper=The Portland Press Herald |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bangordailynews.com/2016/11/09/politics/elections/clinton-leads-maine-but-trump-poised-to-take-one-electoral-vote/ |title=Clinton wins Maine, but Trump takes one electoral vote |last=Cousins |first=Christopher |website=The Bangor Daily News|date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> The dramatic shift of ] towards Trump were contrasted in the media against the relative movement of ] towards the ].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-maybe-its-time-for-ohio-and-pennsylvania-to-part-ways/ |title=Election Update: Maybe It's Time For Ohio And Pennsylvania To Part Ways |date=October 5, 2016 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> For example, former Democratic strongholds such as ] and ] leaned towards the ] while still voting Democratic, albeit by smaller margins. Meanwhile, Iowa voted more Republican than Texas did, Georgia was more Democratic than Ohio, and the margin of victory for Trump was greater in North Carolina than Arizona.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-real-story-of-2016/ |title=The Real Story Of 2016 |date=January 19, 2017 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/ohio-was-a-bellwether-after-all/ |title=Ohio Was A Bellwether After All |date=January 25, 2017 |newspaper=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> Trump's smaller victories in ] and ] also took some experts by surprise.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/mike-pence-utah-republicans-mcmullin-230273 |title=Pence to make late campaign visit to Utah |newspaper=]|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref>

=== Close states ===
States where the margin of victory was under 1% (50 electoral votes; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Michigan, 0.23% (10,704 votes) – 16 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">New Hampshire, 0.37% (2,736 votes) – 4 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Pennsylvania, 0.72% (44,292 votes) – 20 electoral votes</span>''' (tipping point state, including two faithless GOP electors)<ref name="fivethirtyeight">{{cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/donald-trump-had-a-superior-electoral-college-strategy/|title=Donald Trump Had A Superior Electoral College Strategy|date=February 6, 2017|website=]}}</ref>
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Wisconsin, 0.77% (22,748 votes) – 10 electoral votes</span>''' (tipping point state, excluding the two faithless GOP electors)<ref name="fivethirtyeight" />

States/districts where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (83 electoral votes; 56 won by Trump, 27 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Florida, 1.20% (112,911 votes) – 29 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Minnesota, 1.52% (44,765 votes) – 10 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, 2.24% (6,534 votes) – 1 electoral vote</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Nevada, 2.42% (27,202 votes) – 6 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Maine, 2.96% (22,142 votes) – 2 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Arizona, 3.50% (91,234 votes) – 11 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">North Carolina, 3.66% (173,315 votes) – 15 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Colorado, 4.91% (136,386 votes) – 9 electoral votes</span>'''

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (94 electoral votes; 76 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Georgia, 5.16% (211,141 votes) – 16 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Virginia, 5.32% (212,030 votes) – 13 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Ohio, 8.13% (446,841 votes) – 18 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">New Mexico, 8.21% (65,567 votes) – 5 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Texas, 8.99% (807,179 votes) – 38 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Iowa, 9.41% (147,314 votes) – 6 electoral votes</span>'''

<span style="color:darkred;">Red</span> denotes states or congressional districts won by Republican Donald Trump; <span style="color:darkblue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

=== County statistics ===
Counties with highest percentage of Republican vote:<ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/>
# '''<span style="color:red;">] 94.58%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">] 93.71%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">] 92.03%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">] 91.83%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">] 91.62%</span>'''

Counties with highest percentage of Democratic vote:
# '''<span style="color:blue;">] 90.86%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">] 88.52%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">] 88.13%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">] 87.20%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">] 86.80%</span>'''

=== Maps ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote 2016.svg|Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:2016 Presidential Election by Vote Distribution Among States.svg|Results by vote distribution among states. The size of each state's pie chart is proportional to its number of electoral votes.
File:2016 Presidential Election by County.svg|Results by county.{{efn|group=lower-alpha|name="county clarification"|Alaska and Louisiana do not have counties. Alaska's ] and Louisiana's ] are pictured.}} Red denotes counties that went to Trump; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton.
File:2016 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county,{{efn|group=lower-alpha|name="county clarification"}} shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:ElectorScaledUS2016.svg|A discontinuous ] of the 2016 United States presidential election
File:United States presidential election, 2016 Cartogram.png|A continuous ] of the 2016 United States presidential election
File:Cartogram—2016 Electoral Vote.svg|A discretized ] of the 2016 United States presidential election using squares
File:USA electoral votes 2016 hex cartogram.svg|A discretized ] of the 2016 United States presidential election using hexagons
File:2016 presidential election, results by congressional district (popular vote margin).svg|Results of election by congressional district, shaded by winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:U.S. 2012 to 2016 presidential election swing.svg|County swing from 2012 to 2016{{efn|group=lower-alpha|name="county clarification"}}
File:2016 United States presidential election - Percentage of votes cast for Gary Johnson by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Gary Johnson'''
File:2016 United States presidential election - Percentage of votes cast for Jill Stein by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Jill Stein'''
File:EvanMcMullin2016.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Evan McMullin'''
File:2016 U.S. presidential election margins.svg|Results by state, shaded according to margin of victory
</gallery>

== Exit poll ==
Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the ], a consortium of ], ], ], ], ], and the ]. The voter survey is based on ]s completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the ] on ], in addition to 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters.<ref name="cnnexit">{{cite web |title=exit polls |url=https://www.cnn.com/election/2016/results/exit-polls |publisher=] |access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> Trump's crucial victories in the ] were aided in large part by his strong margins among ] ]—while ] lost those voters by a margin of 10 points in ], Clinton lost this group by 20 percent. The election also represented the first time that Republicans performed better among lower-income whites than among affluent white voters.<ref name="ncohncoalition1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/upshot/how-the-obama-coalition-crumbled-leaving-an-opening-for-trump.html |title=How the Obama Coalition Crumbled, Leaving an Opening for Trump |last1=Cohn |first1=Nate |date=December 23, 2016 |access-date=December 25, 2016 |work=]}}</ref> Clinton however had the majority amongst lower-income Americans overall.

Trump narrowed Clinton's margin compared to Obama by seven points among ] and ], eight points among ]s, and 11 points among ]. Meanwhile, Trump increased his lead with non-Hispanic ] through one percent over ]'s performance, and ], ], and ]s shifted their support towards the Republican candidate using the same relative amount.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/08/us/politics/election-exit-polls.html |title=Election 2016: Exit Polls |last1=Strickland |first1=Produced By Jon Huang, Samuel Jacoby, Michael |date=November 8, 2016 |work=]|access-date=August 8, 2017 |last2=Lai |first2=K. k Rebecca |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Additionally, although 74 percent of ] voters supported Clinton, Trump nearly doubled his support among those voters compared to ] at 13 percent, according to the '']'' exit poll.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/donald-trump-transition.html |title=Trump Inches Toward Naming Domestic Cabinet Members |date=November 22, 2016 |work=] |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref>

However, "more convincing data"<ref>Sabato, Larry J. "The 2016 Election that Broke All, or At Least Most, of the Rules", in , ed. Larry Sabato, Kyle Kondik, Geoffrey Skelley. Rowman & Littlefield (2017), p. 10. {{ISBN|9781442279407}}</ref> from the polling firm Latino Decisions indicates that Clinton received a higher share of the Hispanic vote, and Trump a lower share, than the Edison exit polls showed. Using wider, more geographically and linguistically representative sampling, Latino Decisions concluded that Clinton won 79% of Hispanic voters (also an improvement over Obama's share in 2008 and 2012), while Trump won only 18% (lower than previous Republicans such as Romney and McCain).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Matt |last1=Barreto |first2=Thomas |last2=Schaller |first3=Gary |last3=Segura |chapter=Latinos and the 2016 Election |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01t7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |editor1-first=Larry |editor1-last=Sabato |editor2-first=Kyle |editor2-last=Kondik |editor3-first=Geoffrey |editor3-last=Skelley |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, MD |date=2017 |pages=123–135 |isbn=9781442279407}}</ref> Additionally, the 2016 ] found that Clinton's share of the Hispanic vote was one percentage point higher than Obama's in 2012, while Trump's was seven percentage points lower than Romney's.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geoffrey |last=Skelley |date=March 23, 2017 |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/another-look-back-at-2016/ |title=Another Look Back at 2016: Comparing the exit poll and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study|website=]|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>

Similarly, a large, multi-lingual study by the ] found that Clinton won 79% of Asian-American voters, higher than the Edison exit poll showed, while Trump won only 18%, a decrease from McCain's and Romney's numbers.<ref>{{cite news|first=Hansi|last=Lo Wang|date=April 18, 2017|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/18/524371847/trump-lost-more-of-the-asian-american-vote-than-the-national-exit-polls-showed|title=Trump Lost More Of The Asian-American Vote Than The National Exit Polls Showed|website=]|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> Furthermore, according to the AALDEF's report, Trump received merely 2% of the Muslim-American vote, whereas Clinton received 97%.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=]|url=http://aaldef.org/TheAsianAmericanVote2016-AALDEF.pdf|title=The Asian-American Vote 2016|website=aaldef.org|page=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718192119/http://aaldef.org/TheAsianAmericanVote2016-AALDEF.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
The low percentage of Muslim votes for Trump may have been influenced by much of his rhetoric during the campaign regarding Muslims and Islam. The issue of islamophobia was demonstrated to be an important political issue for Muslim voters; an ISPU study done in 2016 found that, "...outside the issues of discrimination and Islamophobia there aren't, like, one or two big issues that unite all Muslims".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ame2016summary.pdf |title=American Muslims in the 2016 Election and Beyond: Principles and Strategies for Greater Political Engagement, Executive Summary |last=Siddiqui |first=Tasneem |date=2016 |website=Institute for Social Policy and Understanding |access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
|-
! colspan="8" | 2016 presidential election exit poll results (Edison)<ref name="cnnexit" />
|-
! Response category
! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Clinton
! {{party shading/Republican}}|Trump
! {{party shading/Independent}}|Other
! % of<br />total vote
|-
| Total vote
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
|-
! colspan=5|Ideology
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 84
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|10
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|41
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 39
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 15
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 81
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 35
|-
! colspan=5|Party
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|9
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 7
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 90
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 31
|-
! colspan=5|Party by gender
|-
| Democratic men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 87
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
| Democratic women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 90
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| Republican men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 6
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 90
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| Republican women
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 9
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 89
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Independent men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| Independent women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 43
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
! colspan=5|Gender
|-
| Men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| Women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|41
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 53
|-
! colspan=5|Marital status
|-
| Married
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 59
|-
| Unmarried
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 55
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
! colspan=5|Gender by marital status
|-
| Married men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Married women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| Non-married men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| Non-married women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
! colspan=5|Race/ethnicity
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|57
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 70
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 88
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|8
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|29
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Other
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 56
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| ] (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 29
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
! colspan=5| Gender by race/ethnicity
|-
| White men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| White women
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| Black men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 80
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 13
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Black women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 94
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
|-
| Latino men (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 62
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Latina women (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 68
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
| All other races
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Religion
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 27
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 25
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Other ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 24
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Other religion
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 31
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 67
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan=5|Religious service attendance
|-
| Weekly or more
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;" | 40
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| Monthly
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;" | 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| A few times a year
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Never
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 62
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 31
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
! colspan=5|White evangelical or born-again Christian
|-
| White evangelical or born-again Christian
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 16
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 81
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| Everyone else
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 74
|-
! colspan=5|Age
|-
| 18–24 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 56
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| 25–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
|-
| 30–39 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 40
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| 40–49 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| 50–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan=5|Age by race
|-
| Whites 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| Whites 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Whites 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| Whites 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Blacks 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 85
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Blacks 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Blacks 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Blacks 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 91
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 9
| style="text-align:right;" | n/a
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Latinos 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 67
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Latinos 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 28
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Latinos 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 64
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Latinos 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 73
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 25
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Others
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Sexual orientation
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 77
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 14
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 95
|-
! colspan=5|First time voter
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| Everyone else
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 90
|-
! colspan=5|Education
|-
| ] or less
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Some ] education
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| College graduate
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 36
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
! colspan=5|Education by race/ethnicity
|-
| White college graduates
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| White no college degree
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 28
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 67
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| Non-white college graduates
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 22
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Non-white no college degree
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 75
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 20
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
! colspan=5|Education by race/ethnicity/sex
|-
| White women with college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| White men with college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| White women without college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| White men without college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 23
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 71
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Non-whites
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 74
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 21
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
! colspan=5|Family income
|-
| Under $30,000
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 41
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| $30,000–49,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| $50,000–99,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" |31
|-
| $100,000–199,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| $200,000–249,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Over $250,000
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Union households
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Non-union
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 82
|-
! colspan=5|Military service
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 60
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Non-veterans
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 50
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 44
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 87
|-
! colspan=5|Region
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 55
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 40
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| ]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
|-
! colspan=5|Community size
|-
| Cities (population 50,000 and above)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 59
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| Suburbs
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 49
|-
| Rural areas
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
! colspan=5|Obama job approval
|-
| Strongly approve
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 93
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| Somewhat approve
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 69
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 20
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| Somewhat disapprove
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 14
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 77
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| Strongly disapprove
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 3
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 93
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
! colspan=5|Direction of the country
|-
| Wrong track
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 26
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 68
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 62
|-
| Right direction
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
! colspan=5|Life for the next generation of Americans will be
|-
| Better than today
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 59
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 38
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| About the same
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 38
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
| Worse than today
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 63
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
! colspan=5|Feelings about the federal government
|-
| Angry
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 18
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 75
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| Dissatisfied
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 46
|-
| Satisfied
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 76
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 19
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| Enthusiastic
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 78
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 19
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Opinion of the role of government
|-
| Government doing too much
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 22
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 72
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 50
|-
| Government should do more
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 74
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 22
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 45
|-
! colspan=5|Next president should
|-
| Be more conservative
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 13
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 82
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| Continue Obama's policies
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 91
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 28
|-
| Be more liberal
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 69
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 23
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
! colspan=5|Decided on presidential vote
|-
| Before September
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 60
|-
| In September
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| In October
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| Last week
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Last few days
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 43
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
|-
! colspan=5|Importance of ] to your vote
|-
| Most important factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
| An important factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 50
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 38
|-
| A minor factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| Not a factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
! colspan=5|Quality of candidate that mattered most
|-
| Can bring change
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 14
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 82
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 39
|-
| Right experience
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 90
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
| Good judgment
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 25
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| Cares about me
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 57
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 34
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan=5|Opinion of presidential candidate voted for
|-
| Strongly favor
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 41
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
| Have reservations
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| Dislike opponents
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 50
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
! colspan=5|Candidate viewed as honest
|-
| Clinton is honest
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 97
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| Trump is honest
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 2
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 98
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | 31
|-
| Neither are honest
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 40
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 43
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Both are honest
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| N/A
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
|-
! colspan=5|Candidate viewed as qualified
|-
| Clinton is qualified
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 94
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 46
|-
| Trump is qualified
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 1
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 98
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| Neither are qualified
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 15
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 66
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
| Both are qualified
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 22
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 71
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
! colspan=5|Candidate viewed as having temperament to be President
|-
| Clinton does
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 90
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 49
|-
| Trump does
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 2
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 97
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Neither does
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 12
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 67
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
| Both do
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 20
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 77
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
! colspan=5|] bothers you
|-
| A lot
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 7
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 86
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 45
|-
| Some
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 68
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 25
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Not much
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 88
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| Not at all
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 93
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
! colspan=5|] bothers you
|-
| A lot
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 83
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 50
|-
| Some
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 20
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 73
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| Not much
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 8
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 88
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Not at all
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 11
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 86
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
! colspan=5|Issue regarded as most important
|-
| Economy
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 52
|-
| Terrorism
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 57
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Foreign policy
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 34
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Immigration
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 64
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
! colspan=5|Condition of national economy
|-
| Poor
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 15
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 79
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
|-
| Not good
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 40
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
| Good
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 76
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 18
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| Excellent
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 83
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 16
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
! colspan=5|Financial situation compared to four years ago
|-
| Better today
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 72
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 23
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 31
|-
| About the same
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
| Worse today
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 19
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 77
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
! colspan=5|Candidate that would better handle the economy
|-
| Clinton
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 95
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 46
|-
| Trump
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 3
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 94
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 48
|-
! colspan=5|View of how the ] is going
|-
| Very badly
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 12
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 83
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| Somewhat badly
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 28
|-
| Somewhat well
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 24
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 35
|-
| Very well
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 85
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
! colspan=5|Candidate that would better handle foreign policy
|-
| Clinton
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 86
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 53
|-
| Trump
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 2
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 96
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 42
|-
! colspan=5|Effect of international trade
|-
| Takes away U.S. jobs
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 64
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 42
|-
| Creates U.S. jobs
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 59
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 39
|-
| Does not affect jobs
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 30
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
! colspan=5|Illegal immigrants working in the U.S. should be
|-
| Offered chance at legal status
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 33
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 70
|-
| Deported to home country
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 14
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 83
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
! colspan=5|View of ]
|-
| Support
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 10
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 85
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
| Oppose
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 76
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 16
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 54
|-
! colspan=5|Importance of Supreme Court appointments to vote
|-
| The most important factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 56
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
|-
| An important factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 48
|-
| A minor factor
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 40
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
| Not a factor at all
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 55
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
! colspan=5|The country's criminal justice system
|-
| Treats blacks unfairly
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 72
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 22
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 48
|-
| Treats all fairly
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 23
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 73
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 43
|-
! colspan=5|View of ]
|-
| Went too far
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 23
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 73
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| Was about right
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 83
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Did not go far enough
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 78
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 18
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
! colspan=5|Confidence in vote count
|-
| Very confident
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 68
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 27
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| Somewhat confident
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 33
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| Not very confident
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 25
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 68
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
| Not at all confident
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 28
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 57
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
|}

=== Viewership ===
The 2016 election was highly viewed, setting viewership records on ] and ]. Over 28 million people watched the election on ], with 63.99 million viewers including broadcast television. While more highly viewed than 2012 (60.86 million viewers), it was less viewed than 2008 (71.5 million viewers).<ref name="viewershipstats">{{Cite web |url=http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/2016-election-night-poised-to-be-most-watched-ever/310418 |url-access=registration |title=2016 Election Night poised to be most-watched in history |date=November 7, 2016 |website=Adweek |access-date=March 28, 2020}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Legend'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|cable news network
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
|broadcast network
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Total television viewers<br />8:00 to 11:00&nbsp;p.m. EST'''<ref name="viewershipstats" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 13,258,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 12,112,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| ] || 11,152,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| ] || 9,236,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| ] || 8,008,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 5,945,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| ] || 4,196,000
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Total cable TV viewers<br />2:00 to 3:00&nbsp;a.m. EST'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 9,778,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 6,452,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 2,858,000
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Cable TV viewers 25 to 54<br />2:00 to 3:00&nbsp;a.m. EST'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 3,955,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 3,372,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| ] || 1,207,000
|}
{{col-end}}

== Election forecasts ==
[[File:General election polls 2016 Clinton v Trump.svg|thumb|Final polling averages for the 2016 election by state. Polls from lightly shaded states are older than September 1, 2016. {{aligned table|fullwidth=y|leftright=y
|{{legend inline|#698dc5}}{{legend inline|#b0ceff|''']'''}}|'''216'''
|{{legend inline|#f07763}}{{legend inline|#ffb6b6|''']'''}}|'''184'''
|{{legend striped|#698dc5|#f07763|'''] between Clinton and Trump'''}}|'''134'''
|{{legend|#c1c1c1|'''No data''' }}|'''4'''
}}]]

{{further|Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election|Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Various methods were used to ] of the 2016 election.<ref name="ef">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0023.xml |title=Election forecasting |last1=Stegmaier |first1=Mary |last2=Norpoth |first2=Helmut |date=September 30, 2013|access-date=September 26, 2016 |doi=10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0023}}</ref> There were many competing election forecast approaches including ]'s ], ] at ''The New York Times'', '']'', ], ], ], PollyVote, ] and ]. These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed, and were supported by pundits and statisticians, including ] of FiveThirtyEight, Nate Cohn at ''The New York Times'', and ] from the Crystal Ball newsletter, who predicted a Democratic victory in competitive presidential races and projected consistent leads in several battleground states around the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html |title=Who will be president? How Other Forecasts Compare |work=] |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=September 26, 2016|last1=Katz |first1=Josh }}</ref> However, FiveThirtyEight's model pointed to the possibility of an Electoral College-popular vote split widening in the final weeks based on Trump's improvement in swing states like Florida or Pennsylvania. This was due to the demographics targeted by Trump's campaign which lived in big numbers there, in addition to Clinton's poor performance in several of those swing states in comparison with Obama's performance in 2012, as well as having a big number of her potential voters in very populated traditionally 'blue' states, but also in some very populated states traditionally 'red', like Texas, which were projected safe for Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-trump-could-win-the-white-house-while-losing-the-popular-vote/ |title=How Trump Could Win The White House While Losing The Popular Vote |last=Wasserman |first=David |date=September 15, 2016 |website=]|access-date=February 17, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Early ] generally favored Clinton.<ref name=frankluntz/> After the polls closed and some of the results came in, the forecasts were found to be inaccurate, as Trump performed better in the competitive Midwestern states, such as ], ], and ], than expected. Three states (], ] and ]) which were considered to be part of Clinton's ], were won by Trump.<ref name=frankluntz>{{Cite news |first=Frank|last=Lutz|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/frank-luntz-ban-exit-polls-231051 |title=Frank Luntz: Ban exit polls |website=]|publisher=]|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> Of the states in the ], Clinton won the swing state of ] by one point, as well as traditional Democratic strongholds such as ] and ] with populous urban centers. This result stands in contrast to that of ], when ] won all but ], which he carried in ]. This table displays the final polling average published by ] on November 7, the actual electoral margin, and the over-performance by either candidate relative to the polls.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!State
!Electoral <br /> votes
!Polling average
!Final result
!Difference
|-
!Arizona
|11
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +4<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/az/arizona_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6087.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Arizona: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.5
|Clinton +0.5
|-
!Colorado
|9
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.9<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/co/colorado_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5974.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Colorado: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +4.9
|Clinton +2
|-
!Florida
|29
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.2<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/fl/florida_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5963.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Florida: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +1.2
|Trump +1
|-
!Georgia
|16
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +4.8<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/ga/georgia_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-5968.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Georgia: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +5.1
|Trump +0.3
|-
!Iowa
|6
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/ia/iowa_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5981.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Iowa: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +9.5
|Trump +6.5
|-
!Maine
|4
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +4.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/me/maine_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6091.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Maine: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.9
|Trump +1.6
|-
!Michigan
|16
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +3.4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/mi/michigan_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6008.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Michigan: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.3
|Trump +3.7
|-
!Minnesota
|10
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +6.2<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/mn/minnesota_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6138.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Minnesota: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +1.5
|Trump +4.7
|-
!Nevada
|6
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.8<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nv/nevada_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-6004.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Nevada: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.4
|Clinton +3.2
|-
!New Hampshire
|4
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +0.6<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nh/new_hampshire_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6022.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—New Hampshire: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +0.3
|Trump +0.3
|-
!New Mexico
|5
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nm/new_mexico_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6113.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—New Mexico: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +8.3
|Clinton +3.3
|-
!North Carolina
|15
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nc/north_carolina_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-5951.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—North Carolina: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.7
|Trump +2.7
|-
!Ohio
|18
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/oh/ohio_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5970.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Ohio: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +8.1
|Trump +4.6
|-
!Pennsylvania
|20
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +1.9<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/pa/pennsylvania_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5964.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Pennsylvania: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.7
|Trump +2.6
|-
!Virginia
|13
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/va/virginia_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5966.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Virginia: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5.4
|Clinton +0.4
|-
!Wisconsin
|10
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +6.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/wi/wisconsin_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5976.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Wisconsin: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.7
|Trump +7.2
|}

Many pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the outcome of the 2016 election.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skibba |first=Ramin |title=Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts |journal=] |volume=539 |issue=7629 |page=339 |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20968 |pmid=27853221 |year=2016 |bibcode=2016Natur.539..339S|s2cid=4459714 |doi-access=free |issn=0028-0836}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Graefe |first1=Andreas |title=A terrible day for election forecasters. Where are the winners? |url=http://pollyvote.com/en/2016/11/09/a-terrible-day-for-election-forecasters-where-are-the-winners/ |website=pollyvote.com |access-date=November 13, 2016 |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Some journalists compared the 2016 election to the failure of prognosticator Arthur Henning in the "]" incident from the ].<ref name="grossman">{{cite web|last=Grossman|first=Ron|date=November 11, 2016|title=Flashback: It's happened before: Truman's defeat of Dewey had hints of Trump-Clinton|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-truman-defeats-dewey-1948-flashback-perspec-1113-md-20161111-story.html|access-date=December 3, 2017|work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim|date=November 9, 2016 |title=A 'Dewey Defeats Truman' Lesson for the Digital Age |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/business/media/media-trump-clinton.html |newspaper=] |access-date=January 4, 2018 }}</ref> ], writing for '']'', wrote that many of the polls were accurate, but that the pundits' interpretation of these polls neglected polling error.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trende |first=Sean |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/11/12/it_wasnt_the_polls_that_missed_it_was_the_pundits_132333.html |title=It Wasn't the Polls That Missed, It Was the Pundits |work=] |date=November 12, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref> ] found that the high number of undecided and third-party voters in the election was neglected in many of these models, and that many of these voters decided to vote for Trump.<ref>{{cite web |last=Silver |first=Nate |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-invisible-undecided-voter/ |title=The Invisible Undecided Voter |work=] |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref> According to a February 2018 study by '']'', the main sources of polling error were "a late swing in vote preference toward Trump and a pervasive failure to adjust for over-representation of college graduates (who favored Clinton)", whereas the share of "shy" Trump voters (who declined to admit their support for Trump to the pollsters) proved to be negligible.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kennedy|first1=Courtney|last2=Blumenthal|first2=Mark|last3=Clement|first3=Scott|last4=Clinton|first4=Joshua D|last5=Durand|first5=Claire|last6=Franklin|first6=Charles|last7=McGeeney|first7=Kyley|last8=Miringoff|first8=Lee|last9=Olson|first9=Kristen|author9-link= Kristen Olson |date=March 6, 2018|title=An Evaluation of the 2016 Election Polls in the United States|journal=Public Opinion Quarterly|language=en|volume=82|issue=1|pages=1–33|doi=10.1093/poq/nfx047|issn=0033-362X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Political scientist Lloyd Gruber said, "One of the major casualties of the 2016 election season has been the reputation of political science, a discipline whose practitioners had largely dismissed Donald Trump's chances of gaining the Republican nomination".<ref>Lloyd Gruber, "How political scientists got Trump exactly wrong." </ref> Trump said that he was surprised, and added "I always used to believe in . I don't believe them anymore."{{r|bloomberg20161213}}

FiveThirtyEight's final polls-plus forecast predicted 18 states, plus the second congressional districts of ] and ], with an interval of confidence lower than 90%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-dont-ignore-the-polls-clinton-leads-but-its-a-close-race |title=Election Update: Don't Ignore The Polls—Clinton Leads, But It's A Close Race |date=November 6, 2016 |website=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2016-election-forecast/ |title=2016 Election Forecast |last=Silver |first=Nate |author-link=Nate Silver|date=June 29, 2016 |website=] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> However, every major forecaster, including FiveThirtyEight, ''The New York Times'' Upshot, ]s aggregator PredictWise, ElectionBettingOdds from Maxim Lott and ], the '']'', the ], the '']'', the '']'', ]'s ], and the ], called every state the same way (although Cook and Rothenberg-Gonzales left two and five states as toss-ups, respectively). The lone exception was ]. Of the forecasters who published results on the district, the ''Times'' gave Trump a 64% chance of winning and PredictWise a 52% chance, FiveThirtyEight gave Clinton a 51% chance of winning in polls-only and 54% in polls-plus, Princeton gave her a 60% chance, Cook labelled it a toss-up, and Sabato leaned it towards Trump.<ref name=":0"/> The following table displays the final winning probabilities given by each outlet, along with the final electoral result. The states shown have been identified by ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |website=]|date=May 3, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://whipboard.co/2016/08/voter-profiles-2016-swing-states/ |title=Voter profiles in ten 2016 swing states |date=August 8, 2016 |newspaper=Whipboard |language=en-US |access-date=January 31, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131160035/https://whipboard.co/2016/08/voter-profiles-2016-swing-states/ |archive-date=January 31, 2017 }}</ref> ''The New York Times'',<ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html |title=2016 Election Forecast: Who Will Be President? |last=Katz |first=Josh |date=July 19, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> and the Crystal Ball as battlegrounds.

Elections analysts and political pundits issue probabilistic forecasts of the composition of the Electoral College. These forecasts use a variety of factors to estimate the likelihood of each candidate winning the Electoral College electors for that state. Most election predictors use the following ratings:
* "<u>tossup</u>": no advantage
* "<u>tilt</u>" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
* "<u>lean</u>" or "<u>leans</u>": slight advantage
* "<u>likely</u>": significant, but surmountable, advantage
* "<u>safe</u>" or "<u>solid</u>": near-certain chance of victory

Below is a list of states considered by one or more forecasts to be competitive; states that are deemed to be "safe" or "solid" by forecasters '']'', '']'', ''],'' ''PredictWise,'' and '']''.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! State
! The New York Times Upshot<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! ]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! Predict{{shy}}Wise<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! ]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! ]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! ]
! ]
|-
! ]
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f55;"| {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f55;"| {{sort|108|Safe R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | R+14
| style="background:#f99" | R+15
|-
! ]
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|074|Lean R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|077|Likely R}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|074|Lean R}}
| style="background:#f99" | R+9
| style="background:#fcc" | R+4
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | D+5
| style="background:#ccf" | D+5
|-
! ]
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|094|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | D+1
| style="background:#fcc" | R+1<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | R+8
| style="background:#f99" | R+6
|-
! ]
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+6
| style="background:#f99" | R+10<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#66f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#66f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#66f" | D+15
| style="background:#ccf" | D+3
|-
! ]
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+9
| style="background:#f99" | R+10<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+9
| style="background:#fcc" | R+1<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+8
| style="background:#ccf" | D+2
|-
! ]
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}
| style="background:#f99" | R+7
| style="background:#fcc" | R+3
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+10
| style="background:#99f" | D+8
|-
! ]
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+7
| style="background:#ccf" | D+2
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+6
| style="background:#ccf" | D+1
|-
! ]
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | R+2
| style="background:#fcc" | R+4
|-
! ]
| style="background:#fff" | {{sort|100|Tossup}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
| style="background:#ccf" | D+3
| style="background:#f99" | R+9<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | {{sort|096|Lean D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | D+5
| style="background:#fcc" | R+1<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|-
! ]
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f99" | {{sort|085|Likely R}}
| style="background:#f55;"| {{sort|108|Safe R}}
| style="background:#fcc" | {{sort|102|Lean R}}
| style="background:#f55;"| R+48
| style="background:#f55;"| R+18
|-
! ]
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#ccf" | D+4
| style="background:#ccf" | D+5
|-
! ]
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#55f;"| {{sort|092|Safe D}}
| style="background:#99f" | {{sort|096|Likely D}}
| style="background:#99f" | D+7
| style="background:#fcc" | R+1<br />{{Small|(flip)}}
|}

== Post-election events and controversies ==
{{see also|International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lohr |first1=Steve |last2=Singer |first2=Natasha |title=How Data Failed Us in Calling an Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/technology/the-data-said-clinton-would-win-why-you-shouldnt-have-believed-it.html |work=] |date=November 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=D.R. |title=How did the polls get it wrong? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/11/economist-explains-3 |magazine=] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Catanese |first1=David |title=Republicans' Last Hope: The Polls Are Wrong |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-run-2016/articles/2016-10-24/republicans-last-hope-the-polls-are-wrong |date=October 24, 2016 |magazine=] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vogel |first1=Kenneth P. |last2=Isenstadt |first2=Alex |title=How Did Everyone Get it So Wrong? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/how-did-everyone-get-2016-wrong-presidential-election-231036 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flint |first1=Joe |last2=Alpert |first2=Lukas I. |title=How the Media's Election Predictions Badly Missed the Mark |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bad-polling-in-hand-media-misses-mark-badly-with-election-predictions-1478710860 |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/politics/donald-trump-election-reaction.html |title=Donald Trump's Victory Is Met With Shock Across a Wide Political Divide |work=] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Arkin |first1=Daniel |last2=Siemaszko |first2=Corky |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/2016-election-donald-trump-wins-white-house-upset-n679936 |title=2016 Election: Donald Trump Wins the White House in Upset |work=] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/09/how-trump-won-us-election |title=How Donald Trump swept to an unreal, surreal presidential election win |date=November 9, 2016 |work=] |access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |last2=Schreckinger |first2=Ben |title=Trump Pulls Off Biggest Upset in U.S. History |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Trump himself thought he would lose even as the polls were closing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-wisconsin-232605|title=Trump tells Wisconsin: Victory was a surprise|first=Nolan D.|last=Mccaskill|website=]|date=December 13, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Protests ===
]]]
{{further|Protests against Donald Trump#Post-election protests}}

Following the announcement of Trump's election, large protests broke out across the United States with some continuing for several days.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/trump-election-protests.html |title=Protests of Trump's Election Continue Into Third Day |last=Bromwich |first=Jonah Engel |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/09/501513889/anti-trump-protests-break-out-in-cities-across-the-country |title=Across The Country, Thousands March In Protest Against Trump's Victory : The Two-Way |last1=Domonoske |first1=Camila |last2=Overland |first2=Martha Ann |newspaper=] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/anti-trump-protests-turn-violent-in-oregon-1478885999 |newspaper=] |title=Anti-Trump Protests Likely to Continue Friday and Saturday |last1=Calvert |first1=Scott |last2=McWhirter |first2=Cameron |date=November 11, 2016|access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/11/violence-erupts-in-portland-riot-as-anti-trump-protests-continue-in-cities-across-the-nation |newspaper=] |title=As anti-Trump anger feeds protests and violence, Obama echoes appeals for unity |author1=Leah Sottile |author2=Samantha Schmidt |author3=Brian Murphy |date=November 11, 2016}}</ref>

Protesters held up a number of different signs and chanted various shouts including "Not my president" and "We don't accept the president-elect".<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/11/not-my-president-elect |title=Anti-Trump protests continue across America |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0013-0613|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> The movement organized on ] under the hashtags #Antitrump and #NotMyPresident.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ratzlaff |first=Angela |date=10 November 2016 |title=Here are all the Southern California students who walked out of high schools to protest Donald Trump |url=http://www.pe.com/articles/president-818185-area-voiced.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111062002/http://www.pe.com/articles/president-818185-area-voiced.html |archive-date=11 November 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=Press Enterprise |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Reuters 2nd">{{cite news |last=Galeano |first=Javier |date=November 10, 2016 |title=In second day of anti-Trump protests, civil rights a top concern |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-protests-idUSKBN1343CO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112050517/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-protests-idUSKBN1343CO |archive-date=12 January 2017 |access-date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=]}}</ref>

High school and college students walked out of classes to protest.<ref name="vcst">{{cite news |date=November 10, 2016 |title=Oxnard students took to the streets protesting Trump |url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/11/10/oxnard-students-lead-anti-trump-protests/93602958/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915212541/https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/11/10/oxnard-students-lead-anti-trump-protests/93602958/ |archive-date=15 September 2024 |access-date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=Ventura County Star}}</ref> At a few protests fires were lit, flags and other items were burned and people yelled derogatory remarks about Trump. Rioters also broke glass at certain locations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meyjes |first=Toby |date=November 9, 2016 |title=Rioting breaks out in the US in reaction to Donald Trump's shock victory |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/11/09/rioting-breaks-out-in-the-us-in-reaction-to-donald-trumps-shock-victory-6246293/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109163325/http://metro.co.uk/2016/11/09/rioting-breaks-out-in-the-us-in-reaction-to-donald-trumps-shock-victory-6246293/ |archive-date=9 November 2016 |access-date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=Metro}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chabba |first=Seerat |date=November 9, 2016 |title=Donald Trump Elected President: Riots Break Out At University Campuses After Republican's Win |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-elected-president-riots-break-out-university-campuses-after-republicans-2443978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110113902/http://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-elected-president-riots-break-out-university-campuses-after-republicans-2443978 |archive-date=10 November 2016 |access-date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=International Business Times}}</ref>
Celebrities such as ], ], and ] took part in New York.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bitette |first=Nicole |date=November 10, 2016 |title=Madonna, Mark Ruffalo, T.I. and more celebrities join New York City anti-Trump protests |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/madonna-mark-ruffalo-t-join-nyc-anti-trump-protests-article-1.2867287 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107195311/https://www.nydailynews.com/2016/11/10/madonna-mark-ruffalo-ti-and-more-celebrities-join-new-york-city-anti-trump-protests/ |archive-date=7 November 2024 |access-date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Daily News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |title=Cher, Madonna And T.I. Lend Their Support To NYC's Anti-Trump Protests |last=Gotty |first=John |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=UPROXX |language=en-US |access-date=June 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112221250/http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |archive-date=November 12, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4564242/lady-gaga-protest-trump/ |title=Lady Gaga Protested Outside Trump Tower During the Election |last=Lang |first=Cady |magazine=Time |date=November 10, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> ]'s song "]" was used repeatedly by protestors, despite the movement receiving no endorsement from Lamar himself.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-13|title=Protestors disrupt Trump's Chicago rally by chanting Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-01|website=]|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Kendrick Lamar's "Alright" as a Protest Song|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/06/kendrick-lamar-alright-protest-song|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Complex|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peter Andrew Hart|date=2016-03-12|title=Protesters Chant Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright' At Chicago Trump Protest|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kendrick-lamar-chicago-trump-protest_n_56e47e92e4b0b25c91823087|access-date=2021-10-01|website=]|language=en}}</ref> Some protesters took to blocking ] in ], ], and ], and were dispersed by police in the early hours of the morning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abc7.com/politics/thousands-protest-trump-election-in-la-block-101-freeway-downtown/1599507/ |title=Thousands protest Trump election in LA, block 101 Freeway downtown |last=Rand |first=Jory Rand bio, about Jory |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kgw.com/news/traffic/protesters-disrupt-i-5-portland-traffic/348696903 |title=6 arrested after march disrupts I-5 Portland traffic |last=TEGNA |newspaper=KGW |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> In a number of cities, protesters were dispersed with rubber bullets, pepper spray and bean-bags fired by police.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://abc7.com/news/police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-anti-trump-protesters-in-santa-ana;-10-arrested/1600290/ |title=Police fire rubber bullets at anti-Trump protesters in Santa Ana; 10 arrested |last=about |first=John Gregory, bio |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/10/not_my_president_tens_of_thousands |title="Not My President": Tens of Thousands Take to Streets, Block Freeways & Rally Against Trump |website=Democracy Now!|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-downtown-la-trump-protests-20161109-htmlstory.html |title=Anti-Trump protests continue for second day in California following a night of vandalism and arrests |last=Serna |first=Joseph |newspaper=] |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref>
In New York City, calls were made to continue the protests over the coming days after the election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/trump-election-protest-berkeley-oakland.html |title=Anti-Trump Demonstrators Take to the Streets in Several U.S. Cities |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> Los Angeles mayor ] expressed understanding of the protests and praised those who peacefully wanted to make their voices heard.<ref>{{cite news |title=L.A. Mayor Praises Peaceful Anti-Trump Protests |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-mayor-praises-peaceful-anti-trump-protests-946312 |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |agency=Associated Press |date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>

=== Vote tampering concerns ===
], November{{nbsp}}5 (three days before the election)]]

After the election, computer scientists, including ], the director of the ] Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an ] in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania (three swing states where Trump had won narrowly) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of ] machines had influenced the recorded outcome.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/22/politics/hillary-clinton-challenge-results/index.html |title=Computer scientists to Clinton campaign: Challenge election results |first=Dan |last=Merica |website=]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/11/activists-urge-hillary-clinton-to-challenge-election-results.html |title=Experts Urge Clinton Campaign to Challenge Election Results in 3 Swing States |last=Sherman |first=Gabriel |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@jhalderm/want-to-know-if-the-election-was-hacked-look-at-the-ballots-c61a6113b0ba |title=Want to Know if the Election was Hacked? Look at the Ballots |last=Halderman |first=J. Alex |date=November 24, 2016 |website=Medium |access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> However, statistician ] performed a ] which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper ]s and electronic ]s "completely disappears once you control for race and education level".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://twitter.com/NateSilver538/status/801221907609579520 |title=Nate Silver on Twitter |newspaper=Twitter|access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> On November 25, the ] said the results from November{{nbsp}}8 "accurately reflect the will of the American people".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/us/politics/hacking-russia-election-fears-barack-obama-donald-trump.html |title=U.S. Officials Defend Integrity of Vote, Despite Hacking Fears |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref> The following day, the White House released another statement, saying: "the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/us/politics/clinton-camp-will-join-push-for-wisconsin-ballot-recount.html |title=Hillary Clinton's Team to Join Wisconsin Recount Pushed by Jill Stein |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/white-house-hackers-election-recount-231849 |title=White House insists hackers didn't sway election, even as recount begins |last=Geller |first=Eric |work=]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref>

In the years following the election, Hillary Clinton has alleged that official maleficence contributed to and may have caused her electoral loss, saying in 2022, "Literally within hours of the polls closing in 2016, we had so much evidence pouring in about voters being turned away in Milwaukee and not being able to vote in Detroit. These states were run by Republicans so there was no way to find out the truth about any of them".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luce |first1=Edward |title=Hillary Clinton: 'We are standing on the precipice of losing our democracy' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2e667c3f-954d-49fa-8024-2c869789e32f |access-date=17 August 2023| newspaper = Financial Times| date = 17 June 2022}}</ref>

Donald Trump and New Hampshire governor ] both complained that liberal voters from Massachusetts were illegally bused into New Hampshire for the 2016 election, and ] blamed the same phenomenon for losing his senate race in 2014.<ref name="nh_once">{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |title=N.H. says once and for all that no one was bused in to vote |date=June 1, 2018 |newspaper=] |author=James Pindell |access-date=October 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064758/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |archive-date=October 26, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The New Hampshire Secretary of State and New Hampshire Department of Justice issued a report in 2018 regarding complaints of voters being bused in from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts for the 2016 election. They found that in every case, field inspectors were able to determine that the voters were from New Hampshire, though they were riding a bus operated by an out-of-state company (which has its name and address written on the outside of the bus, presumably the source of the confusion).<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of 743,000 votes cast, four were determined to be cast illegally, either because the voters were told to go to the wrong location, or because the voter believed they were able to vote in each town in which they owned property.<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of about 6,000 same-day voter registrations in the state, the report says only 66 voters could not have their residency confirmed (though fraud is not the only explanation for such a failure).<ref name="nh_once"/>

=== Recount petitions ===
{{main|2016 United States presidential election recounts}}

On November 23, ] presidential candidate ] launched a public fundraiser to pay for recounts in ], ], and ], asserting that the election's outcome had been affected by hacking in those states; Stein did not provide evidence for her claims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why are people giving Jill Stein millions of dollars for an election recount? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/11/24/why-are-people-giving-jill-stein-millions-of-dollars-for-an-election-recount/ |last1=Weigel |first1=David |author-link1=David Weigel |newspaper=] |date=November 24, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYTDec13">{{cite news |title=Stein Ends Recount Bid, but Says It Revealed Flaws in Voting System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/us/stein-ends-recount-bid-but-says-it-revealed-flaws-in-voting-system.html |work=] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> Changing the outcome of these three states would make Clinton the winner, and this would require showing that fewer than 60,000 votes had been counted for Trump which should have been counted for Clinton. Stein filed for a recount in Wisconsin on November 25,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/jill-stein-submits-presidential-recount-petition-wisconsin-n688316 |title=Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition |work=] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref> after which Clinton campaign general counsel ] said their campaign would join Stein's recount efforts in that state and possibly others "in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides".<ref name=splits>{{cite news |title=Clinton campaign splits from White House in backing Jill Stein recount push |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/26/hillary-clinton-attorney-jill-stein-wisconsin-recount |work=] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Marc|last=Elias |title=Listening and Responding To Calls for an Audit and Recount |url=https://medium.com/@marceelias/listening-and-responding-to-calls-for-an-audit-and-recount-2a904717ea39 |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016 |work=]|author-link=Marc Elias }}</ref> Stein subsequently filed for a recount in Pennsylvania on November 28,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2016/11/pennsylvania_recount_stein_cli.html |title=Jill Stein files petition seeking Pennsylvania presidential election recount |work=pennlive.com |date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and in Michigan on November 30.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jill Stein files for Michigan recount |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/jill-stein-files-for-michigan-recount-232015 |website=] |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Concurrently, ]/] presidential candidate ] sought and was granted a partial recount in Nevada that was unrelated to Stein's efforts.<ref name="NV"/>

President-elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing Stein's Wisconsin recount request saying, "The people have spoken and the election is over". Trump further commented that the recount "is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded".<ref>{{cite news |title=Read: Trump Slams Jill Stein Over 'Ridiculous' Vote Recount Effort |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |publisher=] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127131148/http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |archive-date=November 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Trump campaign and Republican Party officials moved to block Stein's three recount efforts through state and federal courts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Campaign Objects To Michigan Hand Recount |url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2016/12/01/trump-campaign-objects-to-michigan-hand-recount/ |website=] |date=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/02/politics/michigan-attorney-general-files-suit-to-stop-recount/index.html |title=Michigan attorney general files lawsuit to stop recount |publisher=] |date=December 2, 2016}}</ref>

] ordered a halt to the recount in Michigan on December 7, dissolving a previous temporary restraining order against the Michigan Board of Elections that allowed the recount to continue, stating in his order: "Plaintiffs have not presented evidence of tampering or mistake. Instead, they present speculative claims going to the vulnerability of the voting machinery—but not actual injury".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/08/politics/michigan-election-recount/index.html |title=Michigan recount halted |website=]|date=December 8, 2016}}</ref> On December 12, ] rejected an appeal by the Green Party and Jill Stein to force a recount in Pennsylvania, stating that suspicion of a hacked Pennsylvania election "borders on the irrational" and that granting the Green Party's recount bid could "ensure that no Pennsylvania vote counts" given the December 13, federal deadline to certify the vote for the Electoral College.<ref name="ChiTrib12122016">{{cite news |date=December 12, 2016 |title=U.S. judge rejects Green Party's Pennsylvania recount case; Wisconsin recount finished |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-pennsylvania-election-recount-20161212-story.html |newspaper=] |access-date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Wisconsin recount was allowed to continue as it was nearing completion and had uncovered no significant irregularities.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Judge to Rule Monday on Pennsylvania Recount |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210110914/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 10, 2016 |website=] |date=December 9, 2016}}</ref>

The recounts in Wisconsin and Nevada were completed on schedule, resulting in only minor changes to vote tallies.<ref name="WIResults">{{cite news |first=Matthew|last=DuFour|title=Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump's lead by 131 votes |url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/completed-wisconsin-recount-widens-donald-trump-s-lead-by-votes/article_3f61c6ac-5b18-5c27-bf38-e537146bbcdd.html |newspaper=] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NVResults">{{cite news |title=Nevada ballot recount changes just 15 Trump, Clinton votes |url=http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |website=Fox 5 KVVU-TV |date=December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221134247/http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A partial recount of Michigan ballot found some precinct imbalances in Detroit, which were corrected. A subsequent state audit found no evidence of ] and concluded that the mistakes, which were "almost entirely" caused by poll-worker mistakes attributed to poor training, did not impair "the ability of Detroit residents to cast a ballot and have their vote counted".<ref>{{cite news |first=Kathleen|last=Gray |title=State audit: No evidence of fraud in Detroit vote |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/09/detroit-vote-problems-election-audit/97690514/ |newspaper=] |date=February 9, 2017}}</ref> The overall outcome of the election remained unchanged by the recount efforts.<ref name="WIResults"/><ref name="NVResults"/><ref name="Reuters13">{{cite news |title=Green Party U.S. election recount bid comes to a close |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-recount-idUSKBN1411QE |publisher=] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref>

=== Electoral College lobbying ===
{{anchor|ElectoralLobbying}}

Intense lobbying (in one case involving claims of ] and ])<ref>{{cite web |first=Alexandria |last=King |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/30/politics/banerian-death-threats-cnntv |title=Electoral College voter: I'm getting death threats |publisher=] |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and ] campaigns were directed at various GOP electors of the ]<ref name="Idaho GOP Electors Lobbied and Harassed">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/election/article114786018.html |title=Electoral College: Are Idaho's 4 electors being pressured to dump Trump, or harassed? |last=Dentzer |first=Bill |date=November 15, 2016 |newspaper=]}}</ref> to convince a sufficient number of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency.<ref name="Intense Lobbying Continues">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article116138613.html |title=Trump opponents' campaign to beat him at the Electoral College is a long shot |last=Kruesi |first=Kimberlee |date=November 21, 2016 |agency=] |newspaper=The Idaho Statesman}}</ref> Members of the Electoral College themselves started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience for the good of America" in accordance with ]'s ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/meet-the-hamilton-electors-hoping-for-an-electoral-college-revolt/508433/ |title=Meet the 'Hamilton Electors' Campaigning for an Electoral College Revolt |last=O'Donnell |first=Lilly |work=] |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/HamiltonElectors/ |title=Hamilton Electors {{!}} Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |title=Hamilton Electors |newspaper=Hamilton Electors |access-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123013646/http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |archive-date=November 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/hamiltonelector |title=HamiltonElectors (@HamiltonElector)|website=]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> Former candidate ] and attorney ] established The Electors Trust on December 5 under the aegis of ] to provide '']'' legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for members of the Electoral College who were considering a ] against Trump.<ref name="The Electors Trust">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231 |title=Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=]|date=December 5, 2016 }}</ref>

On December 6, ] ] castigated Democratic electors who had filed a lawsuit in Federal court to have the state law binding them to the popular vote (in their case for Hillary Clinton) overturned.<ref name="Colororado Secretary of State Castigates Litigant Electors">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/colorado-secretary-of-state-rogue-electors-232294 |title=Colorado secretary of state slams rogue electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=]|date=December 6, 2016 }}</ref>

On December 10, ten electors, in an open letter headed by ] to the Director of National Intelligence ], demanded an intelligence briefing<ref name="Intelligence Briefing Demanded by Electors">{{cite web |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Electors demand intelligence briefing before Electoral College vote |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/electors-intelligence-briefing-trump-russia-232498 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212160927/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/electors-intelligence-briefing-trump-russia-232498 |archive-date=12 December 2016 |website=]}}</ref><ref name="OpenLettertoClapper">{{cite web |url=https://extranewsfeed.com/bipartisan-electors-ask-james-clapper-release-facts-on-outside-interference-in-u-s-election-c1a3d11d5b7b |title=Bipartisan Electors Ask James Clapper: Release Facts on Outside Interference in U.S. Election |last=Pelosi |first=Christine|website=Extra News Feed|date=December 16, 2016 }}</ref> in light of ].<ref name="CIA Concludes Russia Aimed to Help Trump Win the Presidency">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/10/505072304/cia-concludes-russian-interference-aimed-to-elect-trump |title=CIA Concludes Russian Interference Aimed To Elect Trump |last=Mary |first=Kelly |newspaper=] |date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> Fifty-eight additional electors subsequently added their names to the letter,<ref name="OpenLettertoClapper"/> bringing the total to 68 electors from 17 different states.<ref>{{cite web|first=Pete|last=Williams|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coming-soon-real-presidential-election-n696556|title=Coming Soon: The 'Real' Presidential Election|website=]|date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> On December 16, the briefing request was denied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/310820-electors-wont-get-intelligence-briefing-report/ |title=Electors won't get intelligence briefing: report |work=] |date=December 16, 2016 |access-date=February 12, 2017}}</ref>

On December 19, several electors ]: two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. The ] officially certified the results on January 6, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=Leigh Ann |title=Despite Objections, Congress Certifies Donald Trump's Election |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/despite-objections-congress-certifies-donald-trump-s-election-n704026 |date=January 6, 2017 |work=] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chiacu |first1=Doina |last2=Susan |first2=Cornwell |title=U.S. Congress Certifies Trump's Electoral College Victory |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-congress-idUSKBN14Q25R |date=January 6, 2017 |work=] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref>

=== Faithless electors ===
{{Main|Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election}}

In the Electoral College vote on December 19, for the first time since the ratification of the 12th Amendment, multiple ]s voted against their pledged qualified presidential candidate.{{efn|The ] also saw multiple electors vote for a different candidate than that pledged, due to the death of ] candidate ], after the popular vote, yet before the meeting of the Electoral College. Greeley still garnered three posthumous electoral votes which Congress subsequently dismissed.}} Five Democrats rebelled in ] and ], while two Republicans rebelled in ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Detrow |first1=Scott |title=Donald Trump Secures Electoral College Win, With Few Surprises |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/12/19/506188169/donald-trump-poised-to-secure-electoral-college-win-with-few-surprises |access-date=June 15, 2017 |publisher=] |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Two Democratic electors, one in Minnesota and one in Colorado, were replaced after voting for ] and ], respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coolican |first1=J. Patrick |title=Minnesota electors align for Clinton; one replaced after voting for Sanders |url=http://www.startribune.com/mn-electors-meet-award-clinton-votes-amid-protests-against-trump/407477396/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Star Tribune |date=December 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19">{{cite news |last1=Hickey |first1=Chuck |title=Colorado Electoral College casts all 9 votes for Clinton after elector replaced |url=http://kdvr.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electoral-college-casts-all-9-votes-for-clinton-kaine-after-elector-replaced/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |agency=Fox 31 Denver |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Electors in Maine conducted a second vote after one of its members voted for Sanders; the elector then voted for Clinton.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thistle |first1=Scott |title=Maine electors cast votes for Clinton, Trump—after protests inside and outside State House |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/12/19/maine-electoral-college-elector-says-he-will-cast-his-ballot-for-sanders/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Portland Press Herald |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Likewise, for the first time since ],{{efn|Not including ], because of the death of ].}} multiple faithless electors voted against the pledged qualified vice presidential candidate.
* One Clinton elector in Colorado attempted to vote for John Kasich.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eason |first1=Brian |last2=Frank |first2=John |title=Colorado's electoral votes go to Hillary Clinton after one is replaced |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electors-new-motion-federal-appeal-denied/ |access-date=November 6, 2017 |work=The Denver Post |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> The single vote was ruled invalid by Colorado state law, the elector was dismissed, and an alternative elector was sworn in who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62">{{cite web |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/national/electoral-college-vote-live-updates-state-state-voting/sy5C2hooqtnMG8tEviTATN/ |title=Electoral College vote: Live updates on state-by-state voting |last=Lord |first=Debbie |website=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19"/>
* One Clinton elector in Minnesota voted for Bernie Sanders as president and ] as vice president; his votes were discarded and he was replaced by an alternate who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/>
* One Clinton elector in Maine voted for Bernie Sanders; this vote was invalidated as "improper" and the elector subsequently voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/>
* Four Clinton electors in Washington did not vote for Clinton (three votes went to ], and one to ]).<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html |title=Tracking the Electoral College Vote |date=December 19, 2016 |work=] |last2=Schmidt |first2=Kiersten |last1=Andrews |first1=Wilson}}</ref>
* One Trump elector in Georgia resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liebergen |first1=Stephanie |title=Georgia Elector Resigns After Publicly Refusing To Vote For Trump |url=http://www.newsy.com/stories/georgia-elector-resigns-after-publicly-refusing-to-vote-for-trump/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Newsy |date=August 3, 2016}}</ref>
* Two Trump electors in Texas did not vote for Trump (one vote went to John Kasich, one to Ron Paul); one elector did not vote for Pence and instead voted for ] for vice president; a third resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2"/>
* One Clinton elector in Hawaii voted for Bernie Sanders.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/f257bfa03cef45c3a68cd6fb6f8b8fb6|title=The Latest: Hawaii electors cast votes for Clinton, Sanders|work=]|date=December 20, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref>

Of the faithless votes, ] and ] were the only two to receive more than one; Powell received three electoral votes for president and Warren received two for vice president. Receiving one valid electoral vote each were Sanders, ], ] and ] for president, and ], ], ] and ] for vice president. Sanders is the first ] to receive an electoral vote for president. LaDuke is the first ] member to receive an electoral vote, and Paul is the third member of the ] to do so, following the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees each getting one vote in ]. It is the first election with faithless electors from more than one political party.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!]
!]
!Presidential vote
!Vice presidential vote
!]
!References
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Nationwide''
! {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
|], 304
|], 305
| rowspan="2" |''Pledged''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|], 227
|], 227
|-
|]
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|] (])
|] (D-MA)
|David Mulinix
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/311119-democratic-elector-in-hawaii-votes-for-sanders/|title=Democratic elector in Hawaii votes for Sanders|last=Hellmann|first=Jessie|newspaper=The Hill |date=December 19, 2016|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |]
! {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
|] (R-OH)
|] (R-VA)
|Christopher Suprun
|<ref name="statesman">Sean Collins Walsh, "," ''Statesman.com'' (December 19, 2016).</ref><ref name="texaselectors">. ''Texas Tribune'' (December 19, 2016). Retrieved December 19, 2016.</ref>
|-
! {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
|] (])
|Mike Pence (''as pledged'')
|Bill Greene
|<ref name="statesman" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |]
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| rowspan="3" |] (R-VA){{refn|Powell has several homes, including one in NYC (still)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realtor.com/news/colin-powell-sells-new-york-city-apartment/ |title=Gen. Colin Powell Sells His $2.8M Upper West Side Condo |date=May 24, 2016 }}</ref> and also one in DC, but is officially a VA resident per ] emails,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|title=Emails detail Colin Powell's substantial role at City College|first=Conor|last=Skelding|website=] PRO|access-date=March 1, 2022|archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525041553/http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|url-status=dead}}</ref> and per his 'verified' social media account.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/GenPowell/about/ |title=General Colin L. Powell—Informatio |website=] |date=December 20, 2016 }}</ref>}}
|] (D-WA)
|Levi Guerra
|<ref name="bigstory">Rachel la Corte, " {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226150053/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/487a23bf2dd143a6833898dc2619d4f4/4-washington-state-electors-be-fined-1000-vote |date=December 26, 2016 }}", ''bigstory.ap.org'' (December 22, 2016).</ref><ref name="breakranks">{{Cite news |last=Brunner |first=Jim |date=December 19, 2016 |title=Four Washington state electors break ranks and don't vote for Clinton |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/four-washington-electors-break-ranks-and-dont-vote-for-clinton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235548/http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/four-washington-electors-break-ranks-and-dont-vote-for-clinton/ |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=December 20, 2016 |newspaper=]}}</ref>
|-
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|] (R-ME)
|Esther John
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" />
|-
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|] (D-MA)
|Bret Chiafalo
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" />
|-
! {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|] (D-SD)<ref>{{cite web |last=Woodward |first=Benjamin |date=December 19, 2016 |title=Meet Faith Spotted Eagle, who received one Washington state elector's presidential vote |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/meet-faith-spotted-eagle-the-native-elder-voted-for-president-by-a-washington-state-elector/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221145302/http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/meet-faith-spotted-eagle-the-native-elder-voted-for-president-by-a-washington-state-elector/ |archive-date=21 December 2016 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref>
|] (])
|]
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" /><ref name="washelectors">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|title=4 Washington State electors pick candidates other than Clinton|last=La Corte|first=Rachel|date=December 19, 2016|newspaper=]|access-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161221170701/http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|archive-date=December 21, 2016|language=en-US|via=The Olympian}}</ref>
|}

===Democratic objections to vote certification===
{{Main|2017 United States Electoral College vote count}}

On January 6, 2017, a ] was held to count the Electoral College votes, pursuant to the ]. This count was unusual for the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the ], alleging ] and foreign interference.

===Handling of illegal votes===
Critics alleged racial bias after comparing the different sentences handed down to two white people and one black person who were convicted of attempting to vote illegally in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2021 |title=Opinion: Would a woman have been sentenced to prison for illegal voting if she were White? Unlikely. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/crystal-mason-illegal-voting-case-race/2021/05/08/a22037d2-aea1-11eb-b476-c3b287e52a01_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823212000/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/crystal-mason-illegal-voting-case-race/2021/05/08/a22037d2-aea1-11eb-b476-c3b287e52a01_story.html |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=7 November 2024 |newspaper=]}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|United States|Politics|2010s}} {{portal|Modern history|Politics|United States}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ], another upset in the history of United States presidential elections
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist| group="nb"}}
{{reflist| group="note"}}


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news |title=Rigged: How Voter Suppression Threw Wisconsin to Trump |work=] |date=November–December 2017 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/voter-suppression-wisconsin-election-2016/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923034510/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/voter-suppression-wisconsin-election-2016/ |archive-date=September 23, 2018 |last1=Berman |first1=Ari}}
* Lauck, Jon K. "Trump and The Midwest: The 2016 Presidential Election and The Avenues of Midwestern Historiography" ''Studies in Midwestern History'' (2017) vol 3#1
* {{cite journal |last1=Ott |first1=Brian L. |title=The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement |journal=Critical Studies in Media Communication |date=2017 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=59–68 |doi=10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite web |last1=Patterson |first1=Thomas E. |title=News Coverage of the 2016 Presidential Primaries: Horse Race Reporting Has Consequences |date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002002940/https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-presidential-primaries/ |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-presidential-primaries/}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=Andrew S. |last2=Rivers |first2=Damian J. |title=Digital cultures of political participation: Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 U.S Presidential candidates |journal=Discourse, Context & Media |date=April 2017 |volume=16 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.dcm.2017.01.001}}
*Rozell, Mark J., ed. (2017). ''God at the Grassroots 2016: The Christian Right in American Politics''. Lanham, MD: ]. 978-1538108918
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Sabato |editor1-first=Larry |editor2-last=Kondik |editor2-first=Kyle |editor3-last=Shelley |editor3-first=Geoffrey |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |date=2017 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7940-7}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Schaffner |editor1-first=Brian |editor2-first=John A. |editor2-last=Clark |title=Making Sense of the 2016 Elections: A CQ Press Guide |publisher=CQ Press |date=2017 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn=978-1-5063-8418-4}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Visser |first1=Beth A. |last2=Book |first2=Angela S. |last3=Volk |first3=Anthony A. |title=Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates' public personas |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |date=2017 |volume=106 |pages=281–286 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.053|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309662562}}
* {{cite book |last1=West |first1=Darrell M. |title=Air Wars: Television Advertising and Social Media in Election Campaigns, 1952–2016 |publisher=CQ Press |date=2017 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn=9781506329833}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Sister project links |d=Q699872|commons=Category:United States presidential election, 2016 |n=Category:2016 United States presidential election |wikt=no |b=no |q=no |s=no |v=no | voy=no|display=2016 U.S. presidential election}} {{Sister project links |d=Q699872|commons=Category:United States presidential election, 2016 |n=Category:2016 United States presidential election |wikt=no |b=no |q=no |s=no |v=no | voy=no|display=2016 U.S. presidential election}}
{{Scholia|topic}}
* {{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Candidates_and_Campaigns/President}}
* at the ] (FEC) * from ], the official ] web portal
* at the ] (FEC)
* from ]
* {{YouTube|5NPavp5WrTE|Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech}}
* {{cite episode|title=The Choice 2016|series=Frontline|series-link=Frontline (American TV program)|network=]|station=]|date=September 27, 2016|season=35|number=2|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-choice-2016/|access-date=November 28, 2024}}
* {{cite episode|title=Trump's Road to the White House|series=Frontline|network=PBS|station=WGBH|date=January 24, 2017|season=35|number=9|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/trumps-road-to-the-white-house/|access-date=November 28, 2024}}


{{United States presidential election, 2016}} {{2016 United States presidential election}}
{{State results of the 2016 U.S. presidential election}}
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Latest revision as of 08:35, 23 December 2024

For related races, see 2016 United States elections.

2016 United States presidential election
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout60.1% (Increase 1.5 pp)
 
Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton
Party Republican Democratic
Home state New York New York
Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine
Electoral vote 304 227
States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC
Popular vote 62,984,828 65,853,514
Percentage 46.1% 48.2%
2016 United States presidential election in California2016 United States presidential election in Oregon2016 United States presidential election in Washington (state)2016 United States presidential election in Idaho2016 United States presidential election in Nevada2016 United States presidential election in Utah2016 United States presidential election in Arizona2016 United States presidential election in Montana2016 United States presidential election in Wyoming2016 United States presidential election in Colorado2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico2016 United States presidential election in North Dakota2016 United States presidential election in South Dakota2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska2016 United States presidential election in Kansas2016 United States presidential election in Oklahoma2016 United States presidential election in Texas2016 United States presidential election in Minnesota2016 United States presidential election in Iowa2016 United States presidential election in Missouri2016 United States presidential election in Arkansas2016 United States presidential election in Louisiana2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin2016 United States presidential election in Illinois2016 United States presidential election in Michigan2016 United States presidential election in Indiana2016 United States presidential election in Ohio2016 United States presidential election in Kentucky2016 United States presidential election in Tennessee2016 United States presidential election in Mississippi2016 United States presidential election in Alabama2016 United States presidential election in Georgia2016 United States presidential election in Florida2016 United States presidential election in South Carolina2016 United States presidential election in North Carolina2016 United States presidential election in Virginia2016 United States presidential election in West Virginia2016 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2016 United States presidential election in Maryland2016 United States presidential election in Delaware2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey2016 United States presidential election in New York2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut2016 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2016 United States presidential election in Vermont2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire2016 United States presidential election in Maine2016 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2016 United States presidential election in Hawaii2016 United States presidential election in Alaska2016 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2016 United States presidential election in Maryland2016 United States presidential election in Delaware2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut2016 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2016 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2016 United States presidential election in Vermont2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump/Pence and blue denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven faithless electors (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
Related races
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Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 8, 2016. The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former secretary of state and former first lady Hillary Clinton and Virginia junior senator Tim Kaine, in what was considered one of the biggest political upsets in American history. It was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote. It was also the sixth and most recent presidential election in U.S. history in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state.

Incumbent Democratic president Barack Obama was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Clinton secured the nomination over U.S. senator Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primary and became the first female presidential nominee of a major American political party. Initially considered a novelty candidate, Trump emerged as the Republican front-runner, defeating several notable opponents, including U.S. senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio, as well as governors John Kasich and Jeb Bush. Trump's right-wing populist, nationalist campaign, which promised to "Make America Great Again" and opposed political correctness, illegal immigration, and many United States free-trade agreements, garnered extensive free media coverage due to Trump's inflammatory comments. Clinton emphasized her extensive political experience, denounced Trump and many of his supporters as a "basket of deplorables", bigots, and extremists, and advocated the expansion of Obama's policies, racial, LGBT, and women's rights, and inclusive capitalism.

The tone of the election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling. Trump faced controversy over his views on race and immigration, incidents of violence against protesters at his rallies, and numerous sexual misconduct allegations including the Access Hollywood tape. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness, and a controversy and subsequent FBI investigation regarding her improper use of a private email server while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign. Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of victory.

On election day, Trump over-performed his polls, winning several key swing states, while losing the popular vote by 2.87 million votes. Trump received the majority in the Electoral College and won upset victories in the Democratic-leaning Rust Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The pivotal victory in this region, which Trump won by fewer than 80,000 votes in the three states with the combined 46 electoral votes, was the catalyst that won him the Electoral College vote. Trump's surprise victories were perceived to have been assisted by Clinton's lack of campaigning in the region, the rightward shift of the white working class, and the influence of Sanders–Trump voters who refused to back her after Bernie Sanders dropped out. Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton 227, as two faithless electors defected from Trump and five from Clinton. Trump flipped six states that had voted Democratic in 2012: Florida, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, as well as Maine's 2nd congressional district. Trump was the first president with neither prior public service nor military experience.

With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996, while Green Party nominee Jill Stein received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%). Independent candidate Evan McMullin received 21.4% of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a non-major party candidate in any state since 1992.

On January 6, 2017, the United States Intelligence Community concluded that the Russian government had interfered in the 2016 elections, and that it did so in order to "undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency". A Special Counsel investigation of alleged collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign began in May 2017, and ended in March 2019, concluded that Russian interference in favor of Trump's candidacy occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" but did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government.

This was the first of two elections won by Trump, the second being in 2024 against Kamala Harris, following his defeat by Joe Biden in 2020.

Background

Further information: United States presidential election
The incumbent in 2016, Barack Obama. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017

Article Two of the Constitution of United States provides that the President and Vice President of the United States must be natural-born citizens of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect the president and vice president.

President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. senator from Illinois, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the restrictions of the American presidential term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment; in accordance with Section 1 of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expired at noon eastern standard time on January 20, 2017.

Both the Democratic and Republican parties, as well as third parties such as the Green and Libertarian parties, held a series of presidential primary elections and caucuses that took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring that the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election. On the same day, Politico released an article predicting that the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, while an article in The New York Times named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey as potential candidates.

Nominations

Republican Party

Primaries

Main article: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries

With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with Ted Cruz on March 23, 2015, this was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history, before being overtaken by the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.

Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham, and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul, and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina, and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio, and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1, the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma, and his home state of Texas, and Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later. On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Kasich won his only contest in his home state of Ohio, and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state.

Between March 16 and May 3, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz, and Kasich. Cruz won the most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on the first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April, followed by a decisive victory in Indiana on May 3, securing all 57 of the state's delegates. Without any further chances of forcing a contested convention, both Cruz and Kasich suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus on the evening of May 3.

A 2018 study found that media coverage of Trump led to increased public support for him during the primaries. The study showed that Trump received nearly $2 billion in free media, more than double any other candidate. Political scientist John M. Sides argued that Trump's polling surge was "almost certainly" due to frequent media coverage of his campaign. Sides concluded "Trump is surging in the polls because the news media has consistently focused on him since he announced his candidacy on June 16". Prior to clinching the Republican nomination, Trump received little support from establishment Republicans.

Nominees

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Candidates

Main article: 2016 Republican Party presidential candidates

Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings.

Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest.

Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote from the primaries
Ted Cruz John Kasich Marco Rubio Ben Carson Jeb Bush Rand Paul Chris Christie Mike Huckabee
U.S. senator
from Texas
(2013–present) 		69th
Governor of Ohio
(2011–2019) 		U.S. senator
from Florida
(2011–present) 		Dir. of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins Hospital
(1984–2013) 		43rd
Governor of Florida
(1999–2007) 		U.S. senator
from Kentucky
(2011–present) 		55th
Governor of New Jersey
(2010–2018) 		44th
Governor of Arkansas
(1996–2007)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
W: May 3
7,811,110 votes 		W: May 4
4,287,479 votes 		W: Mar 15
3,514,124 votes 		W: Mar 4
857,009 votes 		W: Feb 20
286,634 votes 		W: Feb 3
66,781 votes 		W: Feb 10
57,634 votes 		W: Feb 1
51,436 votes
Carly Fiorina Jim Gilmore Rick Santorum Lindsey Graham George Pataki Bobby Jindal Scott Walker Rick Perry
CEO of
Hewlett-Packard
(1999–2005) 		68th
Governor of Virginia
(1998–2002) 		U.S. senator
from Pennsylvania
(1995–2007) 		U.S. senator
from South Carolina
(2003–present) 		53rd
Governor of New York
(1995–2006) 		55th
Governor of Louisiana
(2008–2016) 		45th
Governor of Wisconsin
(2011–2019) 		47th
Governor of Texas
(2000–2015)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
W: Feb 10
40,577 votes 		W: Feb 12
18,364 votes 		W: Feb 3
16,622 votes 		W: December 21, 2015
5,666 votes 		W: December 29, 2015
2,036 votes 		W: November 17, 2015
222 votes 		W: September 21, 2015
1 write-in vote in New Hampshire 		W: September 11, 2015
1 write-in vote in New Hampshire

Vice presidential selection

Main article: 2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection

Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4. In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that the Trump campaign was considering New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich from Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin. A June 30 report from The Washington Post also included Senators Bob Corker from Tennessee, Richard Burr from North Carolina, Tom Cotton from Arkansas, Joni Ernst from Iowa, and Indiana governor Mike Pence as individuals still being considered for the ticket. Trump also said he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn.

It was on July 12 reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three: Christie, Gingrich, and Pence. Two days later, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message Twitter on July 15, and formally made the announcement the following day in New York. On July 19, the second night of the 2016 Republican National Convention, Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation.

Democratic Party

Primaries

Main article: 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the first lady of the United States, became the first Democrat in the field to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency with an announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message. While nationwide opinion polls in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced strong challenges from independent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, that he was running for the Democratic nomination. September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders. On May 30, former governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race, followed by former independent governor and Republican senator of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee on June 3, former Virginia senator Jim Webb on July 2, and former Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig on September 6.

On October 20, Webb announced his withdrawal from the primaries, and explored a potential independent run. The next day, Joe Biden decided not to run, ending months of speculation, stating, "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent". On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity". On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC-sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrew as well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders.

On February 1, 2016, Clinton won the Iowa caucuses by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Sanders bounced back to win the New Hampshire primary with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the Nevada caucuses with 53% of the vote and scored a decisive victory in the South Carolina primary with 73% of the vote. On March 1, eleven states participated in the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won Colorado, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in Kansas, Nebraska, and Maine with 15- to 30-point margins, while Clinton won the Louisiana primary with 71% of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the Michigan primary, Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in Mississippi. On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Clinton won in Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio. Between March 22 and April 9, Sanders won six caucuses in Idaho, Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, and Wyoming, as well as the Wisconsin primary, while Clinton won the Arizona primary. On April 19, Clinton won the New York primary with 58% of the vote. On April 26, in the third "Super Tuesday" dubbed the "Acela primary", she won contests in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, while Sanders won in Rhode Island. Over the course of May, Sanders accomplished another surprise win in the Indiana primary and also won in West Virginia and Oregon, while Clinton won the Guam caucus and Kentucky primary (and also non-binding primaries in Nebraska and Washington).

On June 4–5, Clinton won two victories in the Virgin Islands caucus and Puerto Rico primary. Two days later, the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and superdelegates, to secure the nomination, becoming the first woman to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major U.S. political party. On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in California, New Jersey, New Mexico, and South Dakota, while Sanders won only Montana and North Dakota. Clinton also won the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates (54% of the total) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, while Sanders had won 1,847 (46%). Out of the 714 unpledged delegates or "superdelegates" who were set to vote in the convention in July, Clinton received endorsements from 560 (78%), while Sanders received 47 (7%).

Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election. On July 8, appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party's platform. On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in New Hampshire in which he appeared with her. Sanders then went on to headline 39 campaign rallies on behalf of Clinton in 13 key states.

Nominees

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Main article: Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
2016 Democratic Party ticket
Hillary Clinton Tim Kaine
for President for Vice President
67th
U.S. Secretary of State
(2009–2013) 		U.S. Senator
from Virginia
(2013–present)
Campaign

Candidates

Main article: 2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates

The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules were changed which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates.

Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary.

Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote from the primaries
Bernie Sanders Martin O'Malley Lawrence Lessig Jim Webb Lincoln Chafee
U.S. senator from Vermont
(2007–present) 		61st
governor of Maryland
(2007–2015) 		Harvard Law professor
(2009–2016) 		U.S. senator
from Virginia
(2007–2013) 		74th
Governor of Rhode Island
(2011–2015)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
LN: July 26, 2016
13,167,848 votes 		W: February 1, 2016
110,423 votes 		W: November 2, 2015
4 write-in votes in New Hampshire 		W: October 20, 2015
2 write-in votes in New Hampshire 		W: October 23, 2015
0 votes

Vice presidential selection

Main article: 2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries. In mid-June, The Wall Street Journal reported that Clinton's shortlist included Representative Xavier Becerra from California, Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey, Senator Sherrod Brown from Ohio, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro from Texas, Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti from California, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, Labor Secretary Tom Perez from Maryland, Representative Tim Ryan from Ohio, and Senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts. Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, retired Admiral James Stavridis, and Governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado. In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton said the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president.

On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate. The delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, which took place July 25–28, formally nominated the Democratic ticket.

Minor parties and independents

Main article: Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election
Campaign signs of third-party candidates Jill Stein and Gary Johnson, October 2016 in St. Johnsbury, Vermont

Third party and independent candidates who obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally or on ballot in at least 15 states are listed separately.

Libertarian Party

Main articles: Libertarian Party (United States) and 2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
This article is part of a series about
Gary Johnson
Governor of New Mexico
Presidential campaigns

Seal of the Governor of New Mexico
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Bill Weld
Pre-governorship
Governor of Massachusetts
2016 vice presidential campaign
2020 presidential campaign

Additional Party Endorsements: Independence Party of New York

Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes

Nominees

Main article: Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign
2016 Libertarian Party ticket
Gary Johnson Bill Weld
for President for Vice President
29th
Governor of New Mexico
(1995–2003) 		68th
Governor of Massachusetts
(1991–1997)

Green Party

Main articles: Green Party of the United States and 2016 Green Party presidential primaries
This article is part of a series about
Jill Stein
Massachusetts campaigns
Presidential campaigns
Political party affiliations

Ballot access to 480 electoral votes (522 with write-in): map

  • As write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina
  • No ballot access: Nevada, South Dakota, Oklahoma

Nominees

Main article: Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign
2016 Green Party ticket
Jill Stein Ajamu Baraka
for President for Vice President
Physician
from Lexington, Massachusetts 		Activist
from Washington, D.C.

Constitution Party

Main articles: Constitution Party of the United States and 2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (451 with write-in): map

  • As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia
  • No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma

Nominees

Main article: Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign

2016 Constitution Party ticket

Darrell Castle Scott Bradley
for President for Vice President
Attorney
from Memphis, Tennessee 		Businessman
from Utah
Campaign

Independent

Main article: Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign
Additional Party Endorsement: Independence Party of Minnesota, South Carolina Independence Party

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (451 with write-in): map

  • As write-in: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin
  • No ballot access: District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming

In some states, Evan McMullin's running mate was listed as Nathan Johnson on the ballot rather than Mindy Finn, although Nathan Johnson was intended to only be a placeholder until an actual running mate was chosen.

2016 Independent ticket
Evan McMullin Mindy Finn
for President for Vice President
Chief policy director for the
House Republican Conference (2015–2016) 		President of
Empowered Women
(2015–present)
Campaign

Party for Socialism and Liberation

2016 Socialism and Liberation ticket
Gloria La Riva Eugene Puryear
for President for Vice President
Newspaper printer and activist from California Activist from Washington, D.C.

Other nominations

Main article: Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election
Party Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Attainable electors
(write-in) 		Popular vote States with ballot access
(write-in)
Party for Socialism and Liberation

Peace and Freedom
Liberty Union Party

Gloria La Riva
Newspaper printer and activist from California 		Eugene Puryear
Activist from Washington, D.C. 		112
(226)
map 		74,402
(0.05%) 		California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington
(Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia)
Independent Richard Duncan
Real Estate Agent from Ohio 		Ricky Johnson
Preacher from Pennsylvania 		18
(173) 		24,307
(0.02%) 		Ohio
(Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)

General election campaign

A general election ballot, listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates

Beliefs and policies of candidates

Main articles: Political positions of Donald Trump and Political positions of Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the Affordable Care Act. In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan basing her economic philosophy on inclusive capitalism, which proposed a "clawback" that rescinds tax cuts and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; with provision of incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; as well as increasing collective bargaining rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of the U.S. in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas. Clinton promoted equal pay for equal work to address current alleged shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do, promoted explicitly focus on family issues and support of universal preschool, expressed support for the right to same-sex marriage, and proposed allowing undocumented immigrants to have a path to citizenship stating that it "[i]s at its heart a family issue".

Donald Trump's campaign drew heavily on his personal image, enhanced by his previous media exposure. The primary slogan of the Trump campaign, extensively used on campaign merchandise, was Make America Great Again. The red baseball cap with the slogan emblazoned on the front became a symbol of the campaign and has been frequently donned by Trump and his supporters. Trump's right-wing populist positions—reported by The New Yorker to be nativist, protectionist, and semi-isolationist—differ in many ways from traditional U.S. conservatism. He opposed many free trade deals and military interventionist policies that conservatives generally support, and opposed cuts in Medicare and Social Security benefits. Moreover, he has insisted that Washington is "broken" and can be fixed only by an outsider. Support for Trump was high among working and middle-class white male voters with annual incomes of less than $50,000 and no college degree. This group, particularly those without a high-school diploma, suffered a decline in their income in recent years. According to The Washington Post, support for Trump is higher in areas with a higher mortality rate for middle-aged white people. A sample of interviews with more than 11,000 Republican-leaning respondents from August to December 2015 found that Trump at that time found his strongest support among Republicans in West Virginia, followed by New York, and then followed by six Southern states.

Media coverage

Main article: Media coverage of the 2016 United States presidential election

Clinton had an uneasy—and, at times, adversarial—relationship with the press throughout her life in public service. Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a "complicated" relationship with political reporters. Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions, after which she provided more interviews.

In contrast, Trump benefited from free media more than any other candidate. From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Clinton received. According to data from the Tyndall Report, which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of NBC, CBS and ABC, more than all the Democratic campaigns combined. Observers noted Trump's ability to garner constant mainstream media coverage "almost at will". However, Trump frequently criticized the media for writing what he alleged to be false stories about him and he has called upon his supporters to be "the silent majority". Trump also said the media "put false meaning into the words I say", and says he does not mind being criticized by the media as long as they are honest about it.

Controversies

Trump at a rally in Phoenix, Arizona on October 29Clinton campaigning in Raleigh, North Carolina on October 22

According to a wide range of representative polls, both Clinton and Trump had significant net-unfavorability ratings, and their controversial reputations set the tone of the campaign.

Clinton's practice during her time as Secretary of State of using a private email address and server, in lieu of State Department servers, gained widespread public attention back in March 2015. Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated. After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server. The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department.

Also, on September 9, Clinton said: "You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump's supporters into what I call the basket of deplorables. They're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamophobic—you name it", adding "But that 'other' basket of people are people who feel the government has let them down, the economy has let them down, nobody cares about them, nobody worries about what happens to their lives and their futures; and they're just desperate for change...Those are people we have to understand and empathize with as well".

Donald Trump criticized her remark as insulting his supporters. The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying "half", while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified "hateful views and voices". Previously on August 25, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump's campaign for using "racist lies" and allowing the alt-right to gain prominence.

On September 11, Clinton left a 9/11 memorial event early due to illness. Video footage of Clinton's departure showed Clinton becoming unsteady on her feet and being helped into a van. Later that evening, Clinton reassured reporters that she was "feeling great". After initially stating that Clinton had become overheated at the event, her campaign later added that she had been diagnosed with pneumonia two days earlier. The media criticized the Clinton campaign for a lack of transparency regarding Clinton's illness. Clinton cancelled a planned trip to California due to her illness. The episode drew renewed public attention to questions about Clinton's health.

On the other side, on October 7, video and accompanying audio were released by The Washington Post in which Trump referred obscenely to women in a 2005 conversation with Billy Bush while they were preparing to film an episode of Access Hollywood. In the recording, Trump described his attempts to initiate a sexual relationship with a married woman and added that women would allow male celebrities to grope their genitalia (Trump used the phrase "grab 'em by the pussy"). The audio was met with a reaction of disbelief and disgust from the media. Following the revelation, Trump's campaign issued an apology, stating that the video was of a private conversation from "many years ago". The incident was condemned by numerous prominent Republicans like Reince Priebus, Mitt Romney, John Kasich, Jeb Bush and the Speaker of the House Paul Ryan. Many believed the video had doomed Trump's chances for election. By October 8, several dozen Republicans had called for Trump to withdraw from the campaign and let Pence and Condoleezza Rice head the ticket. Trump insisted he would never drop out, but apologized for his remarks.

Trump also delivered strong and controversial statements towards Muslims and Islam on the campaign trail, saying, "I think Islam hates us". He was criticized and also supported for his statement at a rally declaring, "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on". Additionally, Trump announced that he would "look into" surveilling mosques, and mentioned potentially going after the families of domestic terrorists in the wake of the San Bernardino shooting. His strong rhetoric towards Muslims resulted in leadership from both parties condemning his statements. However, many of his supporters shared their support for his proposed travel ban, despite the backlash.

Throughout the campaign, Trump indicated in interviews, speeches, and Twitter posts that he would refuse to recognize the outcome of the election if he was defeated. Trump falsely stated that the election would be rigged against him. During the final presidential debate of 2016, Trump refused to tell Fox News anchor Chris Wallace whether or not he would accept the election results. The rejection of election results by a major nominee would have been unprecedented at the time as no major presidential candidate had ever refused to accept the outcome of an election until Trump did so himself in the following 2020 presidential election.

The ongoing controversy of the election made third parties attract voters' attention. On March 3, 2016, Libertarian Gary Johnson addressed the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, DC, touting himself as the third-party option for anti-Trump Republicans. In early May, some commentators opined that Johnson was moderate enough to pull votes away from both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump who were very disliked and polarizing. Johnson also began to get time on national television, being invited on ABC News, NBC News, CBS News, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, Bloomberg, and many other networks. In September–October 2016, Johnson suffered a "string of damaging stumbles when he has fielded questions about foreign affairs". On September 8, Johnson, when he appeared on MSNBC's Morning Joe, was asked by panelist Mike Barnicle, "What would you do, if you were elected, about Aleppo?" (referring to a war-torn city in Syria). Johnson responded, "And what is Aleppo?" His response prompted widespread attention, much of it negative. Later that day, Johnson said that he had "blanked" and that he did "understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict—I talk about them every day".

On the other hand, Green Party candidate Jill Stein said the Democratic and Republican parties are "two corporate parties" that have converged into one. Concerned by the rise of the far right internationally and the tendency towards neoliberalism within the Democratic Party, she has said, "The answer to neofascism is stopping neoliberalism. Putting another Clinton in the White House will fan the flames of this right-wing extremism".

In response to Johnson's growing poll numbers, the Clinton campaign and Democratic allies increased their criticism of Johnson in September 2016, warning that "a vote for a third party is a vote for Donald Trump" and deploying Senator Bernie Sanders (Clinton's former primary rival, who supported her in the general election) to win over voters who might be considering voting for Johnson or for Stein.

On October 28, eleven days before the election, FBI Director James Comey informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional Clinton emails obtained during its investigation of an unrelated case. On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI's earlier conclusion. In the week following the "Comey Letter" of October 28, Clinton's lead dropped by 3 percentage points, leading some commentators - including Clinton herself - to conclude that this letter cost her the election, though there are dissenting views.

Ballot access

Presidential ticket Party Ballot access Votes Percentage
States Electors % of voters
Trump / Pence Republican 50 + DC 538 100% 62,984,828 46.09%
Clinton / Kaine Democratic 50 + DC 538 100% 65,853,514 48.18%
Johnson / Weld Libertarian 50 + DC 538 100% 4,489,341 3.28%
Stein / Baraka Green 44 + DC 480 89% 1,457,218 1.07%
McMullin / Finn Independent 11 84 15% 731,991 0.54%
Castle / Bradley Constitution 24 207 39% 203,090 0.15%
  • Candidates in bold were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.
  • All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write-in access greater than 270.

Party conventions

Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, Orlando, and HoustonPhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaClevelandClevelandOrlandoOrlandoHoustonHoustonSalt Lake CitySalt Lake Cityclass=notpageimage| Map of the locations of party conventions for presidential/vice-presidential candidacy nominations.   Democratic Party   Republican Party   Libertarian Party   Green Party   Constitution Party

Republican Party

Main article: 2016 Republican National Convention
  • July 18–21: Republican National Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio.

Democratic Party

Main article: 2016 Democratic National Convention
  • July 25–28: Democratic National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Libertarian Party

Main article: 2016 Libertarian National Convention
  • May 26–30: Libertarian National Convention was held in Orlando, Florida.

Green Party

Main article: 2016 Green National Convention
  • August 4–7: Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas.

Constitution Party

Main article: 2016 Constitution Party National Convention
  • April 13–16: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Campaign finance

See also: Lobbying in the United States

Wall Street spent a record $2 billion trying to influence the 2016 United States presidential election.

The following table is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released in September 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure-only committees – also called PACs and SuperPACs. The sources of the numbers are the FEC and OpenSecrets. Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline. As of September 2016, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC.

Candidate Campaign committee (as of December 9) Outside groups (as of December 9) Total spent
Money raised Money spent Cash on hand Debt Money raised Money spent Cash on hand
Donald Trump $350,668,435 $343,056,732 $7,611,702 $0 $100,265,563 $97,105,012 $3,160,552 $440,161,744
Hillary Clinton $585,699,061 $585,580,576 $323,317 $182 $206,122,160 $205,144,296 $977,864 $790,724,872
Gary Johnson $12,193,984 $12,463,110 $6,299 $0 $1,386,971 $1,314,095 $75,976 $13,777,205
Rocky De La Fuente $8,075,959 $8,074,913 $1,046 $8,058,834 $0 $0 $0 $8,074,913
Jill Stein $11,240,359 $11,275,899 $105,132 $87,740 $0 $0 $0 $11,275,899
Evan McMullin $1,644,102 $1,642,165 $1,937 $644,913 $0 $0 $0 $1,642,165
Darrell Castle $72,264 $68,063 $4,200 $4,902 $0 $0 $0 $68,063
Gloria La Riva $31,408 $32,611 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $32,611
Monica Moorehead $14,313 $15,355 -$1,043 -$5,500 $0 $0 $0 $15,355
Peter Skewes $8,216 $8,216 $0 $4,000 $0 $0 $0 $8,216
  1. Debt owed to committee

Voting rights

The 2016 presidential election was the first in 50 years without all the protections of the original Voting Rights Act. Fourteen states had new voting restrictions in place, including swing states such as Virginia and Wisconsin.

Election administration

Among states that offered early in-person voting to all voters in 2016, 27 percent of all votes were cast early in person. Across states where mail voting was available to all voters, 34 percent of all votes were cast by mail. Nationwide, a total of 40 percent of votes were cast before Election Day in the 2016 general election.

Newspaper endorsements

Main article: Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Houston Chronicle, the San Jose Mercury News, the Chicago Sun-Times and the New York Daily News editorial boards. Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the Houston Chronicle, The Dallas Morning News, The San Diego Union-Tribune, The Columbus Dispatch and The Arizona Republic, endorsed their first Democratic candidate for many decades. The Atlantic, which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third-ever endorsement (after Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson).

Trump, who frequently criticized the mainstream media, was not endorsed by the vast majority of newspapers. The Las Vegas Review-Journal, The Florida Times-Union, and the tabloid National Enquirer were his highest profile supporters. USA Today, which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded in 1982, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him "unfit for the presidency".

Gary Johnson received endorsements from several major daily newspapers, including the Chicago Tribune, and the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Other traditionally Republican papers, including the New Hampshire Union Leader, which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years, and The Detroit News, which had not endorsed a non-Republican in its 143 years, endorsed Gary Johnson.

Involvement of other countries

Russian involvement

Main articles: Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and Mueller report

On December 9, 2016, the Central Intelligence Agency issued an assessment to lawmakers in the US Senate, stating that a Russian entity hacked the DNC and John Podesta's emails to assist Donald Trump. The Federal Bureau of Investigation agreed. President Barack Obama ordered a "full review" into such possible intervention. Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper in early January 2017 testified before a Senate committee that Russia's meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign went beyond hacking, and included disinformation and the dissemination of fake news, often promoted on social media. Facebook revealed that during the 2016 United States presidential election, a Russian company funded by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a Russian businessman with ties to Vladimir Putin, had purchased advertisements on the website for US$100,000, 25% of which were geographically targeted to the U.S.

President-elect Trump originally called the report fabricated. Julian Assange said the Russian government was not the source of the documents. Days later, Trump said he could be convinced of the Russian hacking "if there is a unified presentation of evidence from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies".

Several U.S. senators—including Republicans John McCain, Richard Burr, and Lindsey Graham—demanded a congressional investigation. The Senate Intelligence Committee announced the scope of their bipartisan official inquiry on December 13, which began on January 24, 2017.

A formal Special Counsel investigation headed by former FBI director Robert Mueller was initiated in May 2017 to uncover the detailed interference operations by Russia, and to determine whether any people associated with the Trump campaign were complicit in the Russian efforts. When questioned by Chuck Todd on Meet the Press in March 2017, Clapper declared that intelligence investigations on Russian interference performed by the FBI, CIA, NSA and his ODNI office had found no evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia. Mueller concluded his investigation in March 22, 2019, by submitting his report to Attorney General William Barr.

On March 24, 2019, Barr submitted a letter describing Mueller's conclusions, and on April 18, 2019, a redacted version of the Mueller report was released to the public. It concluded that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election did occur "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law".

The first method detailed in the final report was the usage of the Internet Research Agency, waging "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton". The Internet Research Agency also sought to "provoke and amplify political and social discord in the United States".

The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the GRU, hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta, and also hacking into "the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC)". As a result, the GRU obtained hundreds of thousands of hacked documents, and the GRU proceeded by arranging releases of damaging hacked material via the WikiLeaks organization and also GRU's personas "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0". To establish whether a crime was committed by members of the Trump campaign with regard to Russian interference, the special counsel's investigators "applied the framework of conspiracy law", and not the concept of "collusion", because collusion "is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law". They also investigated if members of the Trump campaign "coordinated" with Russia, using the definition of "coordination" as having "an agreement—tacit or express—between the Trump campaign and the Russian government on election interference". Investigators further elaborated that merely having "two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests" was not enough to establish coordination.

The Mueller report writes that the investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", found that Russia "perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency" and that the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking efforts. Ultimately, "the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities".

However, investigators had an incomplete picture of what had really occurred during the 2016 campaign, due to some associates of Trump campaign providing either false, incomplete or declined testimony, as well as having deleted, unsaved or encrypted communications. As such, the Mueller report "cannot rule out the possibility" that information then unavailable to investigators would have presented different findings. In March 2020, the US Justice Department dropped its prosecution of two Russian firms linked to interference in the 2016 election.

Other countries

See also: Foreign electoral intervention

Special Council Robert Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's alleged ties to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Qatar, Israel, and China. According to The Times of Israel, Trump's longtime confidant Roger Stone "was in contact with one or more apparently well-connected Israelis at the height of the 2016 US presidential campaign, one of whom warned Stone that Trump was 'going to be defeated unless we intervene' and promised 'we have critical intell [sic].'"

The Justice Department accused George Nader of providing $3.5 million in illicit campaign donations to Hillary Clinton before the elections and to Trump after he won the elections. According to The New York Times, this was an attempt by the government of United Arab Emirates to influence the election.

In December 2018, a Ukrainian court ruled that prosecutors in Ukraine had meddled in the 2016 election by releasing damaging information on Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort.

Voice of America reported in April 2020 that "U.S. intelligence agencies concluded the Chinese hackers meddled in both the 2016 and 2018 elections".

In July 2021, the US federal prosecutors accused Trump's former adviser Tom Barrack for being an unregistered foreign lobbying agent for the United Arab Emirates during the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump. In 2022, Barrack was found not guilty on all charges.

Notable expressions, phrases, and statements

See also: List of political slogans

By Trump and Republicans:

  • "Because you'd be in jail": Off-the-cuff quip by Donald Trump during the second presidential debate, in rebuttal to Clinton stating it was "awfully good someone with the temperament of Donald Trump is not in charge of the law in our country".
  • "Big-league": A word used by Donald Trump most notably during the first presidential debate, misheard by many as bigly, when he said, "I'm going to cut taxes big-league, and you're going to raise taxes big-league".
  • "Build the wall": A chant used at many Trump campaign rallies, and Donald Trump's corresponding promise of the Mexican Border Wall.
  • "Drain the swamp": A phrase Donald Trump invoked late in the campaign to describe what needs to be done to fix problems in the federal government. Trump acknowledged that the phrase was suggested to him, and he was initially skeptical about using it.
  • "Grab 'em by the pussy" and "when you're a star, they let you do it": A remark made by Trump during a 2005 behind-the-scenes interview with presenter Billy Bush on NBCUniversal's Access Hollywood, which was released during the campaign.
  • "I like people who weren't captured": Donald Trump's criticism of Senator John McCain, who was held as a prisoner of war by North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
  • "Lock her up": A chant first used at the Republican convention to claim that Hillary Clinton was guilty of a crime. The chant was later used at many Trump campaign rallies and even against other politicians critical of Trump, such as Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and (as "lock him up") against President Joe Biden. The phrase would also see use in the 2024 United States presidential election by opponents of Trump in reference to his indictments.
  • "Make America Great Again": Donald Trump's campaign slogan.
  • "Mexico will pay for it": Trump's campaign promise that if elected he will build a wall on the border between the US and Mexico, with Mexico financing the project.
  • Nicknames used by Trump to deride his opponents: These include "Crooked Hillary", "Little Marco", "Low-energy Jeb", and "Lyin' Ted".
  • "Russia, if you're listening": Used by Donald Trump to invite Russia to "find the 30,000 emails that are missing" (from Hillary Clinton) during a July 2016 news conference.
  • "Such a nasty woman": Donald Trump's response to Hillary Clinton after her saying that her proposed rise in Social Security contributions would also include Trump's Social Security contributions, "assuming he can't figure out how to get out of it". Later reappropriated by supporters of Clinton and liberal feminists.
  • "They're not sending their best...They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people": Donald Trump's controversial description of those crossing the Mexico–United States border during the June 2015 launch of his campaign.
  • "What the hell do you have to lose?": Said by Donald Trump to inner-city African Americans at rallies starting on August 19, 2016.

By Clinton and Democrats:

  • "Basket of deplorables": A controversial phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to describe half of those who support Trump.
  • "I'm with her": Clinton's unofficial campaign slogan ("Stronger Together" was the official slogan).
  • "What, like with a cloth or something?": Said by Hillary Clinton in response to being asked whether she "wiped" her emails during an August 2015 press conference.
  • "Why aren't I 50 points ahead?": Rhetorical question asked by Hillary Clinton during a video address to the Laborers' International Union of North America on September 21, 2016, which was then turned into an opposition ad by the Trump campaign.
  • "When they go low, we go high": Said by then-first lady Michelle Obama during her Democratic convention speech. This was later inverted by Eric Holder.
  • "Feel the Bern": A phrase chanted by supporters of the Bernie Sanders campaign which was officially adopted by his campaign.
  • "Pokémon Go to the polls": An often-ridiculed phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to encourage young people to go to the polls.

Debates

Primary election

Main articles: 2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums, 2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums, and 2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums

General election

Main article: 2016 United States presidential debates Map of United States showing debate locationsHofstra University Hempstead, NYHofstra University
Hempstead, NYLongwood University Farmville, VALongwood University
Farmville, VAWashington University in St. Louis, MOWashington University in St. Louis, MOUniversity of Nevada Las VegasUniversity of Nevada
Las Vegasclass=notpageimage| Sites of the 2016 general election debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a non-profit organization, hosted debates between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. According to the commission's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, "in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination".

The three locations (Hofstra University, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas) chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location (Longwood University) selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced in September 2015. The site of the first debate was originally designated as Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate was moved to Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.

On August 19, Kellyanne Conway, Trump's campaign manager confirmed that Trump would participate in a series of three debates. Trump had complained two of the scheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, would have to compete for viewers with National Football League games, referencing the similar complaints made regarding the dates with low expected ratings during the Democratic Party presidential debates.

There were also debates between independent candidates.

Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election
No. Date Time Host City Moderator(s) Participants Viewership

(millions)

P1 September 26 9:00 p.m. EDT Hofstra University Hempstead, New York Lester Holt Donald Trump
Hillary Clinton 		84.0
VP October 4 9:00 p.m. EDT Longwood University Farmville, Virginia Elaine Quijano Mike Pence
Tim Kaine 		37.0
P2 October 9 8:00 p.m. CDT Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri Anderson Cooper
Martha Raddatz 		Donald Trump
Hillary Clinton 		66.5
P3 October 19 6:00 p.m. PDT University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada Chris Wallace Donald Trump
Hillary Clinton 		71.6

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election

Results

President Barack Obama voting early in Chicago on October 7

Election night and the next day

The news media and election experts were surprised at Trump's winning of the Electoral College. On the eve of the vote, spread betting firm Spreadex had Clinton at an Electoral College spread of 307—322 against Trump's 216—231. The final polls showed a lead by Clinton, and in the end she did receive more votes. Trump himself expected, based on polling, to lose the election, and rented a small hotel ballroom to make a brief concession speech, later remarking: "I said if we're going to lose I don't want a big ballroom". Trump performed surprisingly well in all battleground states, especially Florida, Iowa, Ohio, and North Carolina. Even the Democratic-leaning Rust Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin were narrowly won by Trump.

According to the authors of Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign, the White House had concluded by late Tuesday night that Trump would win the election. Obama's political director David Simas called Clinton campaign manager Robby Mook to persuade Clinton to concede the election, with no success. Obama then called Clinton directly, citing the importance of continuity of government, to ask her to publicly acknowledge that Trump had won. Believing that Clinton was still unwilling to concede, the president then called her campaign chair John Podesta, but the call to Clinton had likely already persuaded her.

The Associated Press called Pennsylvania for Trump at 1:35 AM EST, putting Trump at 267 electoral votes. By 2:01 AM EST, they had called both Maine and Nebraska's second congressional districts for Trump, putting him at 269 electoral votes, making it impossible for Clinton to reach 270. One minute after this, John Podesta told Hillary Clinton's victory party in New York that the election was too close to call. At 2:29 AM EST, the Associated Press called Wisconsin, and the election, for Trump, giving him 279 electoral votes. By 2:37 AM EST, Clinton had called Trump to concede the election.

On Wednesday morning at 2:30 AM EST, it was reported that Trump had secured Wisconsin's 10 electoral votes, giving him a majority of the 538 electors in the Electoral College, enough to make him the president-elect of the United States, and Trump gave his victory speech at 2:50 AM EST. Later that day, Clinton asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be "a successful president for all Americans". In his speech, Trump appealed for unity, saying "it is time for us to come together as one united people", and praised Clinton as someone who was owed "a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country".

Statistical analysis

The 2016 election was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote. Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump (Electoral College votes in parentheses): Florida (29), Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Initially, Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney had in 2012, with two lost to faithless electors in the final tally. Thirty-nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates of the voting age population (VAP), turnout of voters casting a vote for president was nearly 1% higher than in 2012. Examining overall turnout in the 2016 election, the University of Florida's Michael McDonald estimated that 138.8 million Americans cast a ballot. Considering a VAP of 250.6 million people and a voting-eligible population (VEP) of 230.6 million people, this is a turnout rate of 55.4% VAP and 60.2% VEP. Based on this estimate, voter turnout was up compared to 2012 (54.1% VAP) but down compared to 2008 (57.4% VAP). An FEC report of the election recorded an official total of 136.7 million votes cast for president—more than any prior election.

By losing New York, Trump became the fourth and most recent victorious candidate to lose his home state, which also occurred in 1844, 1916, and 1968. Furthermore, along with James Polk in 1844, Trump is one of two victorious presidential nominees to win without either their home state or birth state (in this case, both were New York). Data scientist Hamdan Azhar noted the paradoxes of the 2016 outcome, saying that "chief among them the discrepancy between the popular vote, which Hillary Clinton won by 2.8 million votes, and the electoral college, where Trump won 304–227". He said Trump outperformed Mitt Romney's 2012 results, while Clinton only just matched Barack Obama's 2012 totals. Hamdan also said Trump was "the highest vote earner of any Republican candidate ever", exceeding George W. Bush's 62.04 million votes in 2004, though neither reached Clinton's 65.9 million, nor Obama's 69.5 million votes in 2008. He concluded, with help from The Cook Political Report, that the election hinged not on Clinton's large 2.8 million overall vote margin over Trump, but rather on about 78,000 votes from only three counties in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. Clinton was the first former Secretary of State to be nominated by a major political party since James G. Blaine in 1884.

This is the first election since 1988 in which the Republican nominee won the states of Michigan and Pennsylvania, and the first since 1984 in which they won Wisconsin. It was the first time since 1988 that the Republicans won Maine's second congressional district and the first time since George W. Bush's victory in New Hampshire in 2000 that they won any electoral votes in the Northeast. This marked the first time that Maine split its electoral votes since it began awarding them based on congressional districts in 1972, and the first time the state split its electoral vote since 1828. The 2016 election marked the eighth consecutive presidential election where the victorious major party nominee did not receive a popular vote majority by a double-digit margin over the losing major party nominee(s), with the sequence of presidential elections from 1988 through 2016 surpassing the sequence from 1876 through 1900 to become the longest sequence of such presidential elections in U.S. history. It was also the sixth presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state; the others have been in 1860, 1904, 1920, 1940, and 1944. It was also the first election since 1928 that the Republicans won without having either Richard Nixon or one of the Bushes on the ticket.

Trump was the first president with neither prior public service nor military experience. This election was the first since 1908 where neither candidate was currently serving in public office. This was the first election since 1980 where a Republican was elected without carrying every former Confederate state in the process, as Trump lost Virginia in this election. Trump became the first Republican to earn more than 300 electoral votes since the 1988 election, and the first Republican to win a Northeastern state since George W. Bush won New Hampshire in 2000. This was the first time since 1976 that a Republican presidential candidate lost a pledged vote via a faithless elector, and, additionally, this was the first time since 1972 that the winning presidential candidate lost an electoral vote due to faithless electors. With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996, while Stein received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%), the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000. Johnson received the highest ever share of the vote for a Libertarian nominee, surpassing Ed Clark's 1980 result.

Independent candidate Evan McMullin, who appeared on the ballot in eleven states, received over 732,000 votes (0.53%). He won 21.4% of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a third-party candidate in any state since 1992. Despite dropping out of the election following his defeat in the Democratic primary, Senator Bernie Sanders received 5.7% of the vote in his home state of Vermont, the highest write-in draft campaign percentage for a presidential candidate in American history. Johnson and McMullin were the first third-party candidates since Nader to receive at least 5% of the vote in one or more states, with Johnson crossing the mark in nine states and McMullin crossing it in two. Trump became the oldest non-incumbent candidate elected president, besting Ronald Reagan in 1980, although this would be surpassed by Joe Biden in the next election. Of the 3,153 counties/districts/independent cities making returns, Trump won the most popular votes in 2,649 (84.02%) while Clinton carried 504 (15.98%).

Electoral results

See also: Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election
Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral
vote 		Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote
Donald Trump Republican New York 62,984,828 46.09% 304 (306) Mike Pence Indiana 304
Hillary Clinton Democratic New York 65,853,514 48.18% 227 (232) Tim Kaine Virginia 227
Gary Johnson Libertarian New Mexico 4,489,341 3.28% 0 William Weld Massachusetts 0
Jill Stein Green Massachusetts 1,457,218 1.07% 0 Ajamu Baraka Illinois 0
Evan McMullin Independent Utah 731,991 0.54% 0 Mindy Finn District of Columbia 0
Darrell Castle Constitution Tennessee 203,090 0.15% 0 Scott Bradley Utah 0
Gloria La Riva Socialism and Liberation California 74,401 0.05% 0 Eugene Puryear District of Columbia 0
Tickets that received electoral votes from faithless electors
Bernie Sanders Independent Vermont 111,850 0.08% 1 (0) Elizabeth Warren Massachusetts 1
John Kasich Republican Ohio 2,684 0.00% 1 (0) Carly Fiorina Virginia 1
Ron Paul Libertarian Texas 124 0.00% 1 (0) Mike Pence Indiana 1
Colin Luther Powell Republican Virginia 25 0.00% 3 (0) Elizabeth Warren Massachusetts 1
Maria Cantwell Washington 1
Susan Collins Maine 1
Faith Spotted Eagle Democratic South Dakota 0 0.00% 1 (0) Winona LaDuke Minnesota 1
Other 760,210 0.56% — Other —
Total 136,669,276 100% 538 538
Needed to win 270 270

Notes:

  1. ^ In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.
  2. In 1980, Democrat Jimmy Carter carried his home state of Georgia, despite losing the election.
  3. Pence received 305 electoral votes for vice president, but only 304 as part of the Trump–Pence ticket; one faithless elector from Texas voted for Ron Paul as president instead of Trump, and is recorded separately below.
  4. ^ Received electoral vote(s) from a faithless elector
  5. ^ Candidate received votes as a write-in. The exact numbers of write-in votes have been published for three states: California, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
  6. ^ Two faithless electors from Texas cast their presidential votes for Ron Paul and John Kasich, respectively. Chris Suprun said he cast his presidential vote for John Kasich and his vice presidential vote for Carly Fiorina. The other faithless elector in Texas, Bill Greene, cast his presidential vote for Ron Paul but cast his vice presidential vote for Mike Pence, as pledged. John Kasich received recorded write-in votes in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.
Popular vote
Clinton   48.18%
Trump   46.09%
Johnson   3.28%
Stein   1.07%
Others   1.38%
↓
232 306
Clinton Trump
Electoral vote—pledged
Trump/Pence   56.88%
Clinton/Kaine   43.12%
Electoral vote—President
Trump   56.51%
Clinton   42.19%
Powell   0.56%
Kasich   0.19%
Paul   0.19%
Sanders   0.19%
Spotted Eagle   0.19%
Electoral vote—Vice President
Pence   56.69%
Kaine   42.19%
Warren   0.37%
Cantwell   0.19%
Collins   0.19%
Fiorina   0.19%
LaDuke   0.19%

Results by state

The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states is the official Federal Election Commission report. The column labeled "Margin" shows Trump's margin of victory over Clinton (the margin is negative for every state that Clinton won). A total of 29 third party and independent presidential candidates appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson and physician Jill Stein repeated their 2012 roles as the nominees for the Libertarian Party and the Green Party, respectively.

Aside from Florida and North Carolina, the states that secured Trump's victory are situated in the Great Lakes/Rust Belt region. Wisconsin went Republican for the first time since 1984, while Pennsylvania and Michigan went Republican for the first time since 1988. Stein petitioned for a recount in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. The Clinton campaign pledged to participate in the Green Party recount efforts, while Trump backers challenged them in court. Meanwhile, American Delta Party/Reform Party presidential candidate Rocky De La Fuente petitioned for and was granted a partial recount in Nevada. According to a 2021 study in Science Advances, conversion of voters who voted for Obama in 2012 to Trump in 2016 contributed to Republican flips in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.

Legend
States/districts won by Clinton/Kaine
States/districts won by Trump/Pence
† At-large results (for states that split electoral votes)
State or
district 		Hillary Clinton
Democratic 		Donald Trump
Republican 		Gary Johnson
Libertarian 		Jill Stein
Green 		Evan McMullin
Independent 		Others Margin Margin
swing 		Total
votes 		Sources
Votes % EV Votes % EV Votes % EV Votes % EV Votes % EV Votes % EV Votes % %
Alabama 729,547 34.36% – 1,318,255 62.08% 9 44,467 2.09% – 9,391 0.44% – – – – 21,712 1.02% – 588,708 27.73% 5.54% 2,123,372
Alaska 116,454 36.55% – 163,387 51.28% 3 18,725 5.88% – 5,735 1.80% – – – – 14,307 4.49% – 46,933 14.73% 0.74% 318,608
Arizona 1,161,167 44.58% – 1,252,401 48.08% 11 106,327 4.08% – 34,345 1.32% – 17,449 0.67% – 32,968 1.27% – 91,234 3.50% −5.56% 2,604,657
Arkansas 380,494 33.65% – 684,872 60.57% 6 29,949 2.64% – 9,473 0.84% – 13,176 1.17% – 12,712 1.12% – 304,378 26.92% 3.23% 1,130,676
California 8,753,788 61.73% 55 4,483,810 31.62% – 478,500 3.37% – 278,657 1.96% – 39,596 0.28% – 147,244 1.04% – −4,269,978 −30.11% −6.99% 14,181,595
Colorado 1,338,870 48.16% 9 1,202,484 43.25% – 144,121 5.18% – 38,437 1.38% – 28,917 1.04% – 27,418 0.99% – −136,386 −4.91% 0.45% 2,780,247
Connecticut 897,572 54.57% 7 673,215 40.93% – 48,676 2.96% – 22,841 1.39% – 2,108 0.13% – 508 0.03% – −224,357 −13.64% 3.69% 1,644,920
Delaware 235,603 53.09% 3 185,127 41.72% – 14,757 3.32% – 6,103 1.37% – 706 0.16% – 1,518 0.34% – −50,476 −11.37% 7.26% 443,814
District of Columbia 282,830 90.86% 3 12,723 4.09% – 4,906 1.57% – 4,258 1.36% – – – – 6,551 2.52% – −270,107 −86.77% −3.14% 311,268
Florida 4,504,975 47.82% – 4,617,886 49.02% 29 207,043 2.20% – 64,399 0.68% – – – – 25,736 0.28% – 112,911 1.20% 2.08% 9,420,039
Georgia 1,877,963 45.64% – 2,089,104 50.77% 16 125,306 3.05% – 7,674 0.19% – 13,017 0.32% – 1,668 0.04% – 211,141 5.13% −2.69% 4,114,732
Hawaii 266,891 62.22% 3 128,847 30.03% – 15,954 3.72% – 12,737 2.97% – – – – 4,508 1.05% 1 −138,044 −32.18% 10.53% 428,937
Idaho 189,765 27.49% – 409,055 59.26% 4 28,331 4.10% – 8,496 1.23% – 46,476 6.73% – 8,132 1.18% – 219,290 31.77% 0.08% 690,255
Illinois 3,090,729 55.83% 20 2,146,015 38.76% – 209,596 3.79% – 76,802 1.39% – 11,655 0.21% – 1,627 0.03% – −944,714 −17.06% −0.19% 5,536,424
Indiana 1,033,126 37.77% – 1,557,286 56.94% 11 133,993 4.90% – 7,841 0.29% – – – – 2,712 0.10% – 524,160 19.17% 8.97% 2,734,958
Iowa 653,669 41.74% – 800,983 51.15% 6 59,186 3.78% – 11,479 0.73% – 12,366 0.79% – 28,348 1.81% – 147,314 9.41% 15.22% 1,566,031
Kansas 427,005 36.05% – 671,018 56.65% 6 55,406 4.68% – 23,506 1.98% – 6,520 0.55% – 947 0.08% – 244,013 20.60% −1.11% 1,184,402
Kentucky 628,854 32.68% – 1,202,971 62.52% 8 53,752 2.79% – 13,913 0.72% – 22,780 1.18% – 1,879 0.10% – 574,177 29.84% 7.15% 1,924,149
Louisiana 780,154 38.45% – 1,178,638 58.09% 8 37,978 1.87% – 14,031 0.69% – 8,547 0.42% – 9,684 0.48% – 398,484 19.64% 2.44% 2,029,032
Maine † 357,735 47.83% 2 335,593 44.87% – 38,105 5.09% – 14,251 1.91% – 1,887 0.25% – 356 0.05% – −22,142 −2.96% 12.33% 747,927
ME-1Tooltip Maine's 1st congressional district 212,774 53.96% 1 154,384 39.15% – 18,592 4.71% – 7,563 1.92% – 807 0.20% – 209 0.05% – −58,390 −14.81% 6.58% 394,329
ME-2Tooltip Maine's 2nd congressional district 144,817 40.98% – 181,177 51.26% 1 19,510 5.52% – 6,685 1.89% – 1,080 0.31% – 147 0.04% – 36,360 10.29% 18.85% 353,416
Maryland 1,677,928 60.33% 10 943,169 33.91% – 79,605 2.86% – 35,945 1.29% – 9,630 0.35% – 35,169 1.26% – −734,759 −26.42% −0.35% 2,781,446
Massachusetts 1,995,196 60.01% 11 1,090,893 32.81% – 138,018 4.15% – 47,661 1.43% – 2,719 0.08% – 50,559 1.52% – −904,303 −27.20% −4.06% 3,325,046
Michigan 2,268,839 47.27% – 2,279,543 47.50% 16 172,136 3.59% – 51,463 1.07% – 8,177 0.17% – 19,126 0.40% – 10,704 0.23% 9.73% 4,799,284
Minnesota 1,367,716 46.44% 10 1,322,951 44.92% – 112,972 3.84% – 36,985 1.26% – 53,076 1.80% – 51,113 1.74% – −44,765 −1.52% 6.17% 2,944,813
Mississippi 485,131 40.06% – 700,714 57.86% 6 14,435 1.19% – 3,731 0.31% – – – – 5,346 0.44% – 215,583 17.83% 6.33% 1,209,357
Missouri 1,071,068 38.14% – 1,594,511 56.77% 10 97,359 3.47% – 25,419 0.91% – 7,071 0.25% – 13,177 0.47% – 523,443 18.64% 9.26% 2,808,605
Montana 177,709 35.75% – 279,240 56.17% 3 28,037 5.64% – 7,970 1.60% – 2,297 0.46% – 1,894 0.38% – 101,531 20.42% 6.77% 497,147
Nebraska † 284,494 33.70% – 495,961 58.75% 2 38,946 4.61% – 8,775 1.04% – – – – 16,051 1.90% – 211,467 25.05% 3.28% 844,227
NE-1Tooltip Nebraska's 1st congressional district 100,132 35.46% – 158,642 56.18% 1 14,033 4.97% – 3,374 1.19% – – – – 6,181 2.19% – 58,500 20.72% 4.12% 282,338
NE-2Tooltip Nebraska's 2nd congressional district 131,030 44.92% – 137,564 47.16% 1 13,245 4.54% – 3,347 1.15% – – – – 6,494 2.23% – 6,534 2.24% −4.91% 291,680
NE-3Tooltip Nebraska's 3rd congressional district 53,332 19.73% – 199,755 73.92% 1 11,668 4.32% – 2,054 0.76% – – – – 3,451 1.28% – 146,367 54.19% 11.78% 270,109
Nevada 539,260 47.92% 6 512,058 45.50% – 37,384 3.29% – – – – – – – 36,683 3.23% – −27,202 −2.42% 4.26% 1,125,385
New Hampshire 348,526 46.98% 4 345,790 46.61% – 30,777 4.15% – 6,496 0.88% – 1,064 0.14% – 11,643 1.24% – −2,736 −0.37% 5.21% 744,296
New Jersey 2,148,278 55.45% 14 1,601,933 41.35% – 72,477 1.87% – 37,772 0.98% – – – – 13,586 0.35% – −546,345 −14.10% 3.69% 3,874,046
New Mexico 385,234 48.26% 5 319,667 40.04% – 74,541 9.34% – 9,879 1.24% – 5,825 0.73% – 3,173 0.40% – −65,567 −8.21% 1.94% 798,319
New York 4,556,124 59.01% 29 2,819,534 36.52% – 176,598 2.29% – 107,934 1.40% – 10,373 0.13% – 50,890 0.66% – −1,736,590 −22.49% 5.69% 7,721,453
North Carolina 2,189,316 46.17% – 2,362,631 49.83% 15 130,126 2.74% – 12,105 0.26% – – – – 47,386 1.00% – 173,315 3.66% 1.62% 4,741,564
North Dakota 93,758 27.23% – 216,794 62.96% 3 21,434 6.22% – 3,780 1.10% – – – – 8,594 2.49% – 123,036 35.73% 16.11% 344,360
Ohio 2,394,164 43.56% – 2,841,005 51.69% 18 174,498 3.17% – 46,271 0.84% – 12,574 0.23% – 27,975 0.51% – 446,841 8.13% 11.11% 5,496,487
Oklahoma 420,375 28.93% – 949,136 65.32% 7 83,481 5.75% – – – – – – – – – – 528,761 36.39% 2.95% 1,452,992
Oregon 1,002,106 50.07% 7 782,403 39.09% – 94,231 4.71% – 50,002 2.50% – – – – 72,594 3.63% – −219,703 −10.98% 1.11% 2,001,336
Pennsylvania 2,926,441 47.46% – 2,970,733 48.18% 20 146,715 2.38% – 49,941 0.81% – 6,472 0.11% – 65,176 1.06% – 44,292 0.72% 6.10% 6,165,478
Rhode Island 252,525 54.41% 4 180,543 38.90% – 14,746 3.18% – 6,220 1.34% – 516 0.11% – 9,594 2.07% – −71,982 −15.51% 11.95% 464,144
South Carolina 855,373 40.67% – 1,155,389 54.94% 9 49,204 2.34% – 13,034 0.62% – 21,016 1.00% – 9,011 0.43% – 300,016 14.27% 3.80% 2,103,027
South Dakota 117,458 31.74% – 227,721 61.53% 3 20,850 5.63% – – – – – – – 4,064 1.10% – 110,263 29.79% 11.77% 370,093
Tennessee 870,695 34.72% – 1,522,925 60.72% 11 70,397 2.81% – 15,993 0.64% – 11,991 0.48% – 16,026 0.64% – 652,230 26.01% 5.61% 2,508,027
Texas 3,877,868 43.24% – 4,685,047 52.23% 36 283,492 3.16% – 71,558 0.80% – 42,366 0.47% – 8,895 0.10% 2 807,179 8.99% −6.80% 8,969,226
Utah 310,676 27.46% – 515,231 45.54% 6 39,608 3.50% – 9,438 0.83% – 243,690 21.54% – 12,787 1.13% – 204,555 18.08% −29.85% 1,131,430
Vermont 178,573 56.68% 3 95,369 30.27% – 10,078 3.20% – 6,758 2.14% – 639 0.20% – 23,650 7.51% – −83,204 −26.41% 9.19% 315,067
Virginia 1,981,473 49.73% 13 1,769,443 44.41% – 118,274 2.97% – 27,638 0.69% – 54,054 1.36% – 33,749 0.85% – −212,030 −5.32% −1.44% 3,984,631
Washington 1,742,718 52.54% 8 1,221,747 36.83% – 160,879 4.85% – 58,417 1.76% – – – – 133,258 4.02% 4 −520,971 −15.71% −0.84% 3,317,019
West Virginia 188,794 26.43% – 489,371 68.50% 5 23,004 3.22% – 8,075 1.13% – 1,104 0.15% – 4,075 0.57% – 300,577 42.07% 15.31% 714,423
Wisconsin 1,382,536 46.45% – 1,405,284 47.22% 10 106,674 3.58% – 31,072 1.04% – 11,855 0.40% – 38,729 1.30% – 22,748 0.77% 7.71% 2,976,150
Wyoming 55,973 21.88% – 174,419 68.17% 3 13,287 5.19% – 2,515 0.98% – – – – 9,655 3.78% – 118,446 46.29% 5.47% 255,849
Total 65,853,516 48.18% 227 62,984,825 46.09% 304 4,489,221 3.28% – 1,457,216 1.07% – 731,788 0.54% – 1,152,671 0.84% 7 −2,868,691 −2.10% 1.76% 136,669,237 Sources
Hillary Clinton
Democratic 		Donald Trump
Republican 		Gary Johnson
Libertarian 		Jill Stein
Green 		Evan McMullin
Independent 		Others Margin Margin
swing 		Total
votes

Two states (Maine and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates by congressional districts. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes. Results are from The New York Times.

States and EV districts that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Battleground states

Vote margin swing by state 2012 to 2016. Only eleven states (as well as the District of Columbia and Nebraska's 2nd congressional district) shifted more Democratic. The large swing in Utah is mostly due to the votes for third-party candidate Evan McMullin and the 2012 candidacy of Mitt Romney.

Most media outlets announced the beginning of the presidential race about twenty months prior to Election Day. Soon after the first contestants declared their candidacy, Larry Sabato listed Virginia, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, Florida, Nevada, and Ohio as the seven states most likely to be contested in the general election. After Donald Trump clinched the Republican presidential nomination, many pundits felt that the major campaign locations might be different from what had originally been expected.

Rust Belt states such as Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and even Michigan were thought to be in play with Trump as the nominee, while states with large minority populations, such as Colorado and Virginia, were expected to shift towards Clinton. By the conventions period and the debates, however, it did not seem as though the Rust Belt states could deliver a victory to Trump, as many of them were considered to be part of the "blue wall" of Democratic-leaning states. Trump's courting of the Polish-American vote, a sizable number of whom were Reagan Democrats, has been cited as the cause for the loss of the Rust Belt by the Democratic nominee. According to Politico and FiveThirtyEight, his path to victory went through states such as Florida, North Carolina, Nevada, New Hampshire, and possibly Colorado.

Early polling indicated a closer-than-usual race in former Democratic strongholds such as Washington, Delaware, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine (for the two statewide electoral votes), and New Mexico.

A consensus among political pundits developed throughout the primary election season regarding swing states. From the results of presidential elections from 2004 through to 2012, the Democratic and Republican parties would generally start with a safe electoral vote count of about 150 to 200. However, the margins required to constitute a swing state are vague, and can vary between groups of analysts. It was thought that left-leaning states in the Rust Belt could become more conservative, as Trump had strong appeal among many blue-collar workers. They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump's eventual nomination. Trump's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican.

Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio and North Carolina. Among the Republican-leaning states, potential Democratic targets included Nebraska's second congressional district, Georgia, and Arizona. Trump's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such as Utah, raised the possibility that they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent Republican nominees. However, many analysts asserted that these states were not yet viable Democratic destinations. Several sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the likelihood for each party to win a state. The "tossup" label is usually used to indicate that neither party has an advantage, "lean" to indicate a party has a slight edge, "likely" to indicate a party has a clear but not overwhelming advantage, and "safe" to indicate a party has an advantage that cannot be overcome.

As the parameters of the race established themselves, analysts converged on a narrower list of contested states, which were relatively similar to those of recent elections. On November 7, the Cook Political Report categorized Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin as states with close races. Additionally, a district from each of Maine and Nebraska were considered to be coin flips. Meanwhile, FiveThirtyEight listed twenty-two states as potentially competitive about a month before the election—Maine's two at-large electoral votes, New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Virginia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Nevada, Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Georgia, Alaska, South Carolina, Texas, Indiana, Missouri, and Utah—as well as Maine's second and Nebraska's second congressional districts. Nate Silver, the publication's editor-in-chief, subsequently removed Texas, South Carolina, Missouri, and Indiana from the list after the race tightened significantly. These conclusions were supported by models such as the Princeton Elections Consortium, the New York Times Upshot, and punditry evaluations from Sabato's Crystal Ball and the Cook Political Report.

Hillary Clinton won states like New Mexico by less than 10 percentage points. Among the states where the candidates finished at a margin of within seven percent, Clinton won Virginia (13 electoral votes), Colorado (9), Maine (2), Minnesota (10), and New Hampshire (4). On the other hand, Trump won Michigan (16), Pennsylvania (20), Wisconsin (10), Florida (29), North Carolina (15), Arizona (11), Nebraska's second district (1), and Georgia (16). States won by Obama in the 2012, such as Ohio (18), Iowa (6), and Maine's second district (1), were also won by Trump. The close result in Maine was not expected by most commentators, nor were Trump's victory of over 10 points in the second district and their disparities. The dramatic shift of Midwestern states towards Trump were contrasted in the media against the relative movement of Southern states towards the Democrats. For example, former Democratic strongholds such as Minnesota and Maine leaned towards the GOP while still voting Democratic, albeit by smaller margins. Meanwhile, Iowa voted more Republican than Texas did, Georgia was more Democratic than Ohio, and the margin of victory for Trump was greater in North Carolina than Arizona. Trump's smaller victories in Alaska and Utah also took some experts by surprise.

Close states

States where the margin of victory was under 1% (50 electoral votes; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton):

  1. Michigan, 0.23% (10,704 votes) – 16 electoral votes
  2. New Hampshire, 0.37% (2,736 votes) – 4 electoral votes
  3. Pennsylvania, 0.72% (44,292 votes) – 20 electoral votes (tipping point state, including two faithless GOP electors)
  4. Wisconsin, 0.77% (22,748 votes) – 10 electoral votes (tipping point state, excluding the two faithless GOP electors)

States/districts where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (83 electoral votes; 56 won by Trump, 27 by Clinton):

  1. Florida, 1.20% (112,911 votes) – 29 electoral votes
  2. Minnesota, 1.52% (44,765 votes) – 10 electoral votes
  3. Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, 2.24% (6,534 votes) – 1 electoral vote
  4. Nevada, 2.42% (27,202 votes) – 6 electoral votes
  5. Maine, 2.96% (22,142 votes) – 2 electoral votes
  6. Arizona, 3.50% (91,234 votes) – 11 electoral votes
  7. North Carolina, 3.66% (173,315 votes) – 15 electoral votes
  8. Colorado, 4.91% (136,386 votes) – 9 electoral votes

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (94 electoral votes; 76 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton):

  1. Georgia, 5.16% (211,141 votes) – 16 electoral votes
  2. Virginia, 5.32% (212,030 votes) – 13 electoral votes
  3. Ohio, 8.13% (446,841 votes) – 18 electoral votes
  4. New Mexico, 8.21% (65,567 votes) – 5 electoral votes
  5. Texas, 8.99% (807,179 votes) – 38 electoral votes
  6. Iowa, 9.41% (147,314 votes) – 6 electoral votes

Red denotes states or congressional districts won by Republican Donald Trump; blue denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

County statistics

Counties with highest percentage of Republican vote:

  1. Roberts County, Texas 94.58%
  2. King County, Texas 93.71%
  3. Motley County, Texas 92.03%
  4. Hayes County, Nebraska 91.83%
  5. Shackelford County, Texas 91.62%

Counties with highest percentage of Democratic vote:

  1. Washington, D.C. 90.86%
  2. Bronx County, New York 88.52%
  3. Prince George's County, Maryland 88.13%
  4. Petersburg, Virginia 87.20%
  5. Claiborne County, Mississippi 86.80%

Maps

  • Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
  • Results by vote distribution among states. The size of each state's pie chart is proportional to its number of electoral votes. Results by vote distribution among states. The size of each state's pie chart is proportional to its number of electoral votes.
  • Results by county. Red denotes counties that went to Trump; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton. Results by county. Red denotes counties that went to Trump; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton.
  • Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
  • A discontinuous cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election A discontinuous cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election
  • A continuous cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election A continuous cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election
  • A discretized cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election using squares A discretized cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election using squares
  • A discretized cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election using hexagons A discretized cartogram of the 2016 United States presidential election using hexagons
  • Results of election by congressional district, shaded by winning candidate's percentage of the vote Results of election by congressional district, shaded by winning candidate's percentage of the vote
  • County swing from 2012 to 2016 County swing from 2012 to 2016
  • Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Gary Johnson Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Gary Johnson
  • Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Jill Stein Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Jill Stein
  • Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Evan McMullin Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Evan McMullin
  • Results by state, shaded according to margin of victory Results by state, shaded according to margin of victory

Exit poll

Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, CBS News, MSNBC, CNN, Fox News, and the Associated Press. The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the United States on Election Day, in addition to 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters. Trump's crucial victories in the Midwest were aided in large part by his strong margins among non-college whites—while Obama lost those voters by a margin of 10 points in 2012, Clinton lost this group by 20 percent. The election also represented the first time that Republicans performed better among lower-income whites than among affluent white voters. Clinton however had the majority amongst lower-income Americans overall.

Trump narrowed Clinton's margin compared to Obama by seven points among blacks and African-Americans, eight points among Latinos, and 11 points among Asian-Americans. Meanwhile, Trump increased his lead with non-Hispanic white voters through one percent over Mitt Romney's performance, and American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Pacific Islanders shifted their support towards the Republican candidate using the same relative amount. Additionally, although 74 percent of Muslim voters supported Clinton, Trump nearly doubled his support among those voters compared to Mitt Romney at 13 percent, according to the Council on American–Islamic Relations exit poll.

However, "more convincing data" from the polling firm Latino Decisions indicates that Clinton received a higher share of the Hispanic vote, and Trump a lower share, than the Edison exit polls showed. Using wider, more geographically and linguistically representative sampling, Latino Decisions concluded that Clinton won 79% of Hispanic voters (also an improvement over Obama's share in 2008 and 2012), while Trump won only 18% (lower than previous Republicans such as Romney and McCain). Additionally, the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study found that Clinton's share of the Hispanic vote was one percentage point higher than Obama's in 2012, while Trump's was seven percentage points lower than Romney's.

Similarly, a large, multi-lingual study by the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund found that Clinton won 79% of Asian-American voters, higher than the Edison exit poll showed, while Trump won only 18%, a decrease from McCain's and Romney's numbers. Furthermore, according to the AALDEF's report, Trump received merely 2% of the Muslim-American vote, whereas Clinton received 97%. The low percentage of Muslim votes for Trump may have been influenced by much of his rhetoric during the campaign regarding Muslims and Islam. The issue of islamophobia was demonstrated to be an important political issue for Muslim voters; an ISPU study done in 2016 found that, "...outside the issues of discrimination and Islamophobia there aren't, like, one or two big issues that unite all Muslims".

2016 presidential election exit poll results (Edison)
Response category Clinton Trump Other % of
total vote
Total vote 48 46 6 100
Ideology
Liberals 84 10 6 26
Moderates 52 41 7 39
Conservatives 15 81 4 35
Party
Democrats 89 9 2 37
Republicans 7 90 3 33
Independents 41 47 12 31
Party by gender
Democratic men 87 10 3 14
Democratic women 90 8 2 23
Republican men 6 90 4 17
Republican women 9 89 2 16
Independent men 37 51 12 17
Independent women 46 43 11 14
Gender
Men 41 52 7 47
Women 54 41 5 53
Marital status
Married 44 52 4 59
Unmarried 55 37 8 41
Gender by marital status
Married men 37 58 5 29
Married women 49 47 4 30
Non-married men 46 45 9 19
Non-married women 61 32 7 23
Race/ethnicity
White 37 57 6 70
Black 88 8 4 12
Asian 65 29 6 4
Other 56 37 7 3
Hispanic (of any race) 65 29 6 11
Gender by race/ethnicity
White men 31 62 7 34
White women 43 52 5 37
Black men 80 13 7 5
Black women 94 4 2 7
Latino men (of any race) 62 32 6 5
Latina women (of any race) 68 26 6 6
All other races 61 32 7 6
Religion
Protestant 37 59 4 27
Catholic 45 52 3 23
Mormon 25 59 16 1
Other Christian 41 55 4 24
Jewish 71 24 5 3
Other religion 58 31 11 7
None 67 26 7 15
Religious service attendance
Weekly or more 40 54 6 33
Monthly 46 49 5 16
A few times a year 48 46 6 29
Never 62 31 7 22
White evangelical or born-again Christian
White evangelical or born-again Christian 16 81 3 26
Everyone else 58 35 7 74
Age
18–24 years old 56 35 9 10
25–29 years old 53 39 8 9
30–39 years old 51 40 9 17
40–49 years old 46 49 5 19
50–64 years old 44 53 3 30
65 and older 45 53 2 15
Age by race
Whites 18–29 years old 43 47 10 12
Whites 30–44 years old 37 54 9 16
Whites 45–64 years old 34 62 4 30
Whites 65 and older 39 58 3 13
Blacks 18–29 years old 85 9 6 3
Blacks 30–44 years old 89 7 4 4
Blacks 45–64 years old 89 7 4 5
Blacks 65 and older 91 9 n/a 1
Latinos 18–29 years old 67 26 7 3
Latinos 30–44 years old 65 28 7 4
Latinos 45–64 years old 64 32 4 4
Latinos 65 and older 73 25 2 1
Others 61 32 7 6
Sexual orientation
LGBT 77 14 9 5
Heterosexual 47 48 5 95
First time voter
First time voter 54 39 7 10
Everyone else 47 47 6 90
Education
High school or less 44 51 5 18
Some college education 42 52 6 32
College graduate 49 45 6 32
Postgraduate education 58 36 6 18
Education by race/ethnicity
White college graduates 45 49 6 37
White no college degree 28 67 5 34
Non-white college graduates 71 22 7 13
Non-white no college degree 75 20 5 16
Education by race/ethnicity/sex
White women with college degrees 51 45 4 20
White men with college degrees 39 53 8 17
White women without college degrees 34 61 5 17
White men without college degrees 23 71 6 16
Non-whites 74 21 5 29
Family income
Under $30,000 53 41 6 17
$30,000–49,999 51 42 7 19
$50,000–99,999 46 48 6 31
$100,000–199,999 47 48 5 24
$200,000–249,999 48 49 3 4
Over $250,000 46 48 6 6
Union households
Union 51 42 7 18
Non-union 46 48 6 82
Military service
Veterans 34 60 6 13
Non-veterans 50 44 6 87
Region
Northeast 55 40 5 19
Midwest 44 49 7 23
South 44 52 4 37
West 53 39 8 21
Community size
Cities (population 50,000 and above) 59 35 6 34
Suburbs 45 49 6 49
Rural areas 32 62 6 17
Obama job approval
Strongly approve 93 4 3 33
Somewhat approve 69 20 11 20
Somewhat disapprove 14 77 9 12
Strongly disapprove 3 93 4 33
Direction of the country
Wrong track 26 68 6 62
Right direction 89 7 4 33
Life for the next generation of Americans will be
Better than today 59 38 3 37
About the same 54 38 8 25
Worse than today 31 63 6 33
Feelings about the federal government
Angry 18 75 7 23
Dissatisfied 46 48 6 46
Satisfied 76 19 6 24
Enthusiastic 78 19 3 6
Opinion of the role of government
Government doing too much 22 72 4 50
Government should do more 74 22 4 45
Next president should
Be more conservative 13 82 5 47
Continue Obama's policies 91 5 4 28
Be more liberal 69 23 8 17
Decided on presidential vote
Before September 52 45 3 60
In September 46 48 6 12
In October 37 51 12 12
Last week 41 49 10 5
Last few days 43 43 14 8
Importance of presidential debates to your vote
Most important factor 51 47 2 25
An important factor 50 45 5 38
A minor factor 37 58 5 19
Not a factor 41 49 10 11
Quality of candidate that mattered most
Can bring change 14 82 4 39
Right experience 90 7 3 22
Good judgment 65 25 10 20
Cares about me 57 34 9 15
Opinion of presidential candidate voted for
Strongly favor 53 41 6 41
Have reservations 49 48 3 32
Dislike opponents 39 50 11 25
Candidate viewed as honest
Clinton is honest 97 1 2 34
Trump is honest 2 98 N/A 31
Neither are honest 40 43 17 29
Both are honest N/A N/A N/A 2
Candidate viewed as qualified
Clinton is qualified 94 2 4 46
Trump is qualified 1 98 1 32
Neither are qualified 15 66 19 15
Both are qualified 22 71 7 5
Candidate viewed as having temperament to be President
Clinton does 90 5 5 49
Trump does 2 97 1 29
Neither does 12 67 21 14
Both do 20 77 3 5
Clinton's use of private email for official use bothers you
A lot 7 86 7 45
Some 68 25 7 18
Not much 88 7 5 17
Not at all 93 5 2 19
Donald Trump's treatment of women bothers you
A lot 83 11 6 50
Some 20 73 7 20
Not much 8 88 4 13
Not at all 11 86 3 16
Issue regarded as most important
Economy 52 42 6 52
Terrorism 39 57 4 18
Foreign policy 52 34 14 13
Immigration 32 64 4 13
Condition of national economy
Poor 15 79 6 21
Not good 40 53 7 41
Good 76 18 6 33
Excellent 83 16 1 3
Financial situation compared to four years ago
Better today 72 23 5 31
About the same 47 45 8 41
Worse today 19 77 2 25
Candidate that would better handle the economy
Clinton 95 1 4 46
Trump 3 94 3 48
View of how the war against ISIS is going
Very badly 12 83 5 24
Somewhat badly 37 55 8 28
Somewhat well 71 24 5 35
Very well 85 11 6 4
Candidate that would better handle foreign policy
Clinton 86 7 7 53
Trump 2 96 2 42
Effect of international trade
Takes away U.S. jobs 32 64 4 42
Creates U.S. jobs 59 35 6 39
Does not affect jobs 65 30 5 11
Illegal immigrants working in the U.S. should be
Offered chance at legal status 61 33 6 70
Deported to home country 14 83 3 25
View of U.S. wall along the entire Mexican border
Support 10 85 5 41
Oppose 76 16 8 54
Importance of Supreme Court appointments to vote
The most important factor 41 56 3 21
An important factor 49 46 5 48
A minor factor 49 40 11 14
Not a factor at all 55 37 8 14
The country's criminal justice system
Treats blacks unfairly 72 22 6 48
Treats all fairly 23 73 4 43
View of Obamacare
Went too far 23 73 4 47
Was about right 83 10 7 18
Did not go far enough 78 18 4 30
Confidence in vote count
Very confident 68 27 5 47
Somewhat confident 33 61 6 37
Not very confident 25 68 7 11
Not at all confident 28 57 15 4

Viewership

The 2016 election was highly viewed, setting viewership records on CNN and Fox News. Over 28 million people watched the election on cable television, with 63.99 million viewers including broadcast television. While more highly viewed than 2012 (60.86 million viewers), it was less viewed than 2008 (71.5 million viewers).

Legend

cable news network
broadcast network

Total television viewers
8:00 to 11:00 p.m. EST

Network Viewers
CNN 13,258,000
FNC 12,112,000
NBC 11,152,000
ABC 9,236,000
CBS 8,008,000
MSNBC 5,945,000
Fox 4,196,000

Total cable TV viewers
2:00 to 3:00 a.m. EST

Network Viewers
FNC 9,778,000
CNN 6,452,000
MSNBC 2,858,000

Cable TV viewers 25 to 54
2:00 to 3:00 a.m. EST

Network Viewers
FNC 3,955,000
CNN 3,372,000
MSNBC 1,207,000

Election forecasts

Final polling averages for the 2016 election by state. Polls from lightly shaded states are older than September 1, 2016.
    Hillary Clinton216
    Donald Trump184
  Margin of error between Clinton and Trump134
  No data 4
Further information: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election

Various methods were used to forecast the outcome of the 2016 election. There were many competing election forecast approaches including Nate Silver's FiveThirtyEight, The Upshot at The New York Times, Daily Kos, Princeton Election Consortium, Cook Political Report, Rothenberg and Gonzales, PollyVote, Sabato's Crystal Ball and Electoral-Vote. These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed, and were supported by pundits and statisticians, including Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight, Nate Cohn at The New York Times, and Larry Sabato from the Crystal Ball newsletter, who predicted a Democratic victory in competitive presidential races and projected consistent leads in several battleground states around the country. However, FiveThirtyEight's model pointed to the possibility of an Electoral College-popular vote split widening in the final weeks based on Trump's improvement in swing states like Florida or Pennsylvania. This was due to the demographics targeted by Trump's campaign which lived in big numbers there, in addition to Clinton's poor performance in several of those swing states in comparison with Obama's performance in 2012, as well as having a big number of her potential voters in very populated traditionally 'blue' states, but also in some very populated states traditionally 'red', like Texas, which were projected safe for Trump.

Early exit polls generally favored Clinton. After the polls closed and some of the results came in, the forecasts were found to be inaccurate, as Trump performed better in the competitive Midwestern states, such as Iowa, Ohio, and Minnesota, than expected. Three states (Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan) which were considered to be part of Clinton's firewall, were won by Trump. Of the states in the Great Lakes region, Clinton won the swing state of Minnesota by one point, as well as traditional Democratic strongholds such as New York and Illinois with populous urban centers. This result stands in contrast to that of 2012, when President Barack Obama won all but Indiana, which he carried in 2008. This table displays the final polling average published by Real Clear Politics on November 7, the actual electoral margin, and the over-performance by either candidate relative to the polls.

State Electoral
votes 		Polling average Final result Difference
Arizona 11 Trump +4 Trump +3.5 Clinton +0.5
Colorado 9 Clinton +2.9 Clinton +4.9 Clinton +2
Florida 29 Trump +0.2 Trump +1.2 Trump +1
Georgia 16 Trump +4.8 Trump +5.1 Trump +0.3
Iowa 6 Trump +3 Trump +9.5 Trump +6.5
Maine 4 Clinton +4.5 Clinton +2.9 Trump +1.6
Michigan 16 Clinton +3.4 Trump +0.3 Trump +3.7
Minnesota 10 Clinton +6.2 Clinton +1.5 Trump +4.7
Nevada 6 Trump +0.8 Clinton +2.4 Clinton +3.2
New Hampshire 4 Clinton +0.6 Clinton +0.3 Trump +0.3
New Mexico 5 Clinton +5 Clinton +8.3 Clinton +3.3
North Carolina 15 Trump +1 Trump +3.7 Trump +2.7
Ohio 18 Trump +3.5 Trump +8.1 Trump +4.6
Pennsylvania 20 Clinton +1.9 Trump +0.7 Trump +2.6
Virginia 13 Clinton +5 Clinton +5.4 Clinton +0.4
Wisconsin 10 Clinton +6.5 Trump +0.7 Trump +7.2

Many pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the outcome of the 2016 election. Some journalists compared the 2016 election to the failure of prognosticator Arthur Henning in the "Dewey Defeats Truman" incident from the 1948 presidential election. Sean Trende, writing for RealClearPolitics, wrote that many of the polls were accurate, but that the pundits' interpretation of these polls neglected polling error. Nate Silver found that the high number of undecided and third-party voters in the election was neglected in many of these models, and that many of these voters decided to vote for Trump. According to a February 2018 study by Public Opinion Quarterly, the main sources of polling error were "a late swing in vote preference toward Trump and a pervasive failure to adjust for over-representation of college graduates (who favored Clinton)", whereas the share of "shy" Trump voters (who declined to admit their support for Trump to the pollsters) proved to be negligible. Political scientist Lloyd Gruber said, "One of the major casualties of the 2016 election season has been the reputation of political science, a discipline whose practitioners had largely dismissed Donald Trump's chances of gaining the Republican nomination". Trump said that he was surprised, and added "I always used to believe in . I don't believe them anymore."

FiveThirtyEight's final polls-plus forecast predicted 18 states, plus the second congressional districts of Maine and Nebraska, with an interval of confidence lower than 90%. However, every major forecaster, including FiveThirtyEight, The New York Times Upshot, prediction markets aggregator PredictWise, ElectionBettingOdds from Maxim Lott and John Stossel, the DailyKos, the Princeton Election Consortium, the Huffington Post, the Cook Political Report, Larry Sabato's Crystal Ball, and the Rothenberg and Gonzales Report, called every state the same way (although Cook and Rothenberg-Gonzales left two and five states as toss-ups, respectively). The lone exception was Maine's 2nd congressional district. Of the forecasters who published results on the district, the Times gave Trump a 64% chance of winning and PredictWise a 52% chance, FiveThirtyEight gave Clinton a 51% chance of winning in polls-only and 54% in polls-plus, Princeton gave her a 60% chance, Cook labelled it a toss-up, and Sabato leaned it towards Trump. The following table displays the final winning probabilities given by each outlet, along with the final electoral result. The states shown have been identified by Politico, WhipBoard, The New York Times, and the Crystal Ball as battlegrounds.

Elections analysts and political pundits issue probabilistic forecasts of the composition of the Electoral College. These forecasts use a variety of factors to estimate the likelihood of each candidate winning the Electoral College electors for that state. Most election predictors use the following ratings:

  • "tossup": no advantage
  • "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
  • "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
  • "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

Below is a list of states considered by one or more forecasts to be competitive; states that are deemed to be "safe" or "solid" by forecasters Sabato's Crystal Ball, New York Times, Princeton Election Consortium, PredictWise, and FiveThirtyEight.

State The New York Times Upshot Five­Thirty­Eight Predict­Wise Princeton Election Consortium Sabato's Crystal Ball 2012 margin 2016 margin
Alaska Likely R Likely R Likely R Safe R Likely R R+14 R+15
Arizona Likely R Lean R Likely R Likely R Lean R R+9 R+4
Colorado Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D D+5 D+5
Florida Lean D Tossup Likely D Lean D Lean D D+1 R+1
(flip)
Georgia Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R R+8 R+6
Iowa Lean R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		Likely R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		D+6 R+10
(flip)
Maine Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D D+15 D+3
ME-2 Lean R
(flip) 		Tossup Tossup Lean D Lean R
(flip) 		D+9 R+10
(flip)
Michigan Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Lean D D+9 R+1
(flip)
Minnesota Likely D Likely D Safe D Safe D Likely D D+8 D+2
NE-2 Likely R Tossup Likely R Likely R Lean R R+7 R+3
New Mexico Safe D Likely D Safe D Likely D Likely D D+10 D+8
Nevada Lean D Tossup Likely D Likely D Lean D D+7 D+2
New Hampshire Likely D Lean D Likely D Lean D Lean D D+6 D+1
North Carolina Lean D
(flip) 		Tossup Lean D
(flip) 		Lean D
(flip) 		Lean D
(flip) 		R+2 R+4
Ohio Tossup Lean R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		Lean R
(flip) 		D+3 R+9
(flip)
Pennsylvania Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Lean D D+5 R+1
(flip)
Utah Lean R Likely R Likely R Safe R Lean R R+48 R+18
Virginia Safe D Likely D Safe D Safe D Likely D D+4 D+5
Wisconsin Likely D Likely D Safe D Safe D Likely D D+7 R+1
(flip)

Post-election events and controversies

See also: International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election

Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts, was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media. Trump himself thought he would lose even as the polls were closing.

Protests

News report about the protests in Los Angeles on November 12 from Voice of America
Further information: Protests against Donald Trump § Post-election protests

Following the announcement of Trump's election, large protests broke out across the United States with some continuing for several days.

Protesters held up a number of different signs and chanted various shouts including "Not my president" and "We don't accept the president-elect". The movement organized on Twitter under the hashtags #Antitrump and #NotMyPresident.

High school and college students walked out of classes to protest. At a few protests fires were lit, flags and other items were burned and people yelled derogatory remarks about Trump. Rioters also broke glass at certain locations. Celebrities such as Madonna, Cher, and Lady Gaga took part in New York. Kendrick Lamar's song "Alright" was used repeatedly by protestors, despite the movement receiving no endorsement from Lamar himself. Some protesters took to blocking freeways in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Portland, Oregon, and were dispersed by police in the early hours of the morning. In a number of cities, protesters were dispersed with rubber bullets, pepper spray and bean-bags fired by police. In New York City, calls were made to continue the protests over the coming days after the election. Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti expressed understanding of the protests and praised those who peacefully wanted to make their voices heard.

Vote tampering concerns

"How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election" video report from Voice of America, November 5 (three days before the election)

After the election, computer scientists, including J. Alex Halderman, the director of the University of Michigan Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an election recount in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania (three swing states where Trump had won narrowly) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of electronic voting machines had influenced the recorded outcome. However, statistician Nate Silver performed a regression analysis which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper ballots and electronic voting machines "completely disappears once you control for race and education level". On November 25, the Obama administration said the results from November 8 "accurately reflect the will of the American people". The following day, the White House released another statement, saying: "the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day".

In the years following the election, Hillary Clinton has alleged that official maleficence contributed to and may have caused her electoral loss, saying in 2022, "Literally within hours of the polls closing in 2016, we had so much evidence pouring in about voters being turned away in Milwaukee and not being able to vote in Detroit. These states were run by Republicans so there was no way to find out the truth about any of them".

Donald Trump and New Hampshire governor Chris Sununu both complained that liberal voters from Massachusetts were illegally bused into New Hampshire for the 2016 election, and Scott Brown blamed the same phenomenon for losing his senate race in 2014. The New Hampshire Secretary of State and New Hampshire Department of Justice issued a report in 2018 regarding complaints of voters being bused in from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts for the 2016 election. They found that in every case, field inspectors were able to determine that the voters were from New Hampshire, though they were riding a bus operated by an out-of-state company (which has its name and address written on the outside of the bus, presumably the source of the confusion). Out of 743,000 votes cast, four were determined to be cast illegally, either because the voters were told to go to the wrong location, or because the voter believed they were able to vote in each town in which they owned property. Out of about 6,000 same-day voter registrations in the state, the report says only 66 voters could not have their residency confirmed (though fraud is not the only explanation for such a failure).

Recount petitions

Main article: 2016 United States presidential election recounts

On November 23, Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein launched a public fundraiser to pay for recounts in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, asserting that the election's outcome had been affected by hacking in those states; Stein did not provide evidence for her claims. Changing the outcome of these three states would make Clinton the winner, and this would require showing that fewer than 60,000 votes had been counted for Trump which should have been counted for Clinton. Stein filed for a recount in Wisconsin on November 25, after which Clinton campaign general counsel Marc Elias said their campaign would join Stein's recount efforts in that state and possibly others "in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides". Stein subsequently filed for a recount in Pennsylvania on November 28, and in Michigan on November 30. Concurrently, American Delta Party/Reform Party presidential candidate Rocky De La Fuente sought and was granted a partial recount in Nevada that was unrelated to Stein's efforts.

President-elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing Stein's Wisconsin recount request saying, "The people have spoken and the election is over". Trump further commented that the recount "is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded". The Trump campaign and Republican Party officials moved to block Stein's three recount efforts through state and federal courts.

U.S. District Judge Mark Goldsmith ordered a halt to the recount in Michigan on December 7, dissolving a previous temporary restraining order against the Michigan Board of Elections that allowed the recount to continue, stating in his order: "Plaintiffs have not presented evidence of tampering or mistake. Instead, they present speculative claims going to the vulnerability of the voting machinery—but not actual injury". On December 12, U.S. District Judge Paul Diamond rejected an appeal by the Green Party and Jill Stein to force a recount in Pennsylvania, stating that suspicion of a hacked Pennsylvania election "borders on the irrational" and that granting the Green Party's recount bid could "ensure that no Pennsylvania vote counts" given the December 13, federal deadline to certify the vote for the Electoral College. Meanwhile, the Wisconsin recount was allowed to continue as it was nearing completion and had uncovered no significant irregularities.

The recounts in Wisconsin and Nevada were completed on schedule, resulting in only minor changes to vote tallies. A partial recount of Michigan ballot found some precinct imbalances in Detroit, which were corrected. A subsequent state audit found no evidence of voter fraud and concluded that the mistakes, which were "almost entirely" caused by poll-worker mistakes attributed to poor training, did not impair "the ability of Detroit residents to cast a ballot and have their vote counted". The overall outcome of the election remained unchanged by the recount efforts.

Electoral College lobbying

Intense lobbying (in one case involving claims of harassment and death threats) and grass-roots campaigns were directed at various GOP electors of the United States Electoral College to convince a sufficient number of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency. Members of the Electoral College themselves started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience for the good of America" in accordance with Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 68. Former candidate Lawrence Lessig and attorney Laurence Tribe established The Electors Trust on December 5 under the aegis of Equal Citizens to provide pro bono legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for members of the Electoral College who were considering a vote of conscience against Trump.

On December 6, Colorado Secretary of State Wayne W. Williams castigated Democratic electors who had filed a lawsuit in Federal court to have the state law binding them to the popular vote (in their case for Hillary Clinton) overturned.

On December 10, ten electors, in an open letter headed by Christine Pelosi to the Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, demanded an intelligence briefing in light of Russian interference in the election to help Trump win the presidency. Fifty-eight additional electors subsequently added their names to the letter, bringing the total to 68 electors from 17 different states. On December 16, the briefing request was denied.

On December 19, several electors voted against their pledged candidates: two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. The 115th United States Congress officially certified the results on January 6, 2017.

Faithless electors

Main article: Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election

In the Electoral College vote on December 19, for the first time since the ratification of the 12th Amendment, multiple faithless electors voted against their pledged qualified presidential candidate. Five Democrats rebelled in Washington and Hawaii, while two Republicans rebelled in Texas. Two Democratic electors, one in Minnesota and one in Colorado, were replaced after voting for Bernie Sanders and John Kasich, respectively. Electors in Maine conducted a second vote after one of its members voted for Sanders; the elector then voted for Clinton. Likewise, for the first time since 1896, multiple faithless electors voted against the pledged qualified vice presidential candidate.

  • One Clinton elector in Colorado attempted to vote for John Kasich. The single vote was ruled invalid by Colorado state law, the elector was dismissed, and an alternative elector was sworn in who voted for Clinton.
  • One Clinton elector in Minnesota voted for Bernie Sanders as president and Tulsi Gabbard as vice president; his votes were discarded and he was replaced by an alternate who voted for Clinton.
  • One Clinton elector in Maine voted for Bernie Sanders; this vote was invalidated as "improper" and the elector subsequently voted for Clinton.
  • Four Clinton electors in Washington did not vote for Clinton (three votes went to Colin Powell, and one to Faith Spotted Eagle).
  • One Trump elector in Georgia resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.
  • Two Trump electors in Texas did not vote for Trump (one vote went to John Kasich, one to Ron Paul); one elector did not vote for Pence and instead voted for Carly Fiorina for vice president; a third resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.
  • One Clinton elector in Hawaii voted for Bernie Sanders.

Of the faithless votes, Colin Powell and Elizabeth Warren were the only two to receive more than one; Powell received three electoral votes for president and Warren received two for vice president. Receiving one valid electoral vote each were Sanders, John Kasich, Ron Paul and Faith Spotted Eagle for president, and Carly Fiorina, Susan Collins, Winona LaDuke and Maria Cantwell for vice president. Sanders is the first Jewish American to receive an electoral vote for president. LaDuke is the first Green Party member to receive an electoral vote, and Paul is the third member of the Libertarian Party to do so, following the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees each getting one vote in 1972. It is the first election with faithless electors from more than one political party.

State Party Presidential vote Vice presidential vote Name of elector References
Nationwide Donald Trump, 304 Mike Pence, 305 Pledged
Hillary Clinton, 227 Tim Kaine, 227
Hawaii Bernie Sanders (I-VT) Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) David Mulinix
Texas John Kasich (R-OH) Carly Fiorina (R-VA) Christopher Suprun
Ron Paul (L-TX / R-TX) Mike Pence (as pledged) Bill Greene
Washington Colin Powell (R-VA) Maria Cantwell (D-WA) Levi Guerra
Susan Collins (R-ME) Esther John
Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) Bret Chiafalo
Faith Spotted Eagle (D-SD) Winona LaDuke (G-MN) Robert Satiacum Jr.

Democratic objections to vote certification

Main article: 2017 United States Electoral College vote count

On January 6, 2017, a Joint Session of Congress was held to count the Electoral College votes, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act. This count was unusual for the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the House of Representatives, alleging voter suppression and foreign interference.

Handling of illegal votes

Critics alleged racial bias after comparing the different sentences handed down to two white people and one black person who were convicted of attempting to vote illegally in the 2016 presidential election.

See also

Notes

  1. Percentage point difference in margin from the 2012 election
  2. Maine split its electoral votes for the first time since 1828.
  3. ^ Alaska and Louisiana do not have counties. Alaska's boroughs and census areas and Louisiana's parishes are pictured.
  4. The 1872 presidential election also saw multiple electors vote for a different candidate than that pledged, due to the death of Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley, after the popular vote, yet before the meeting of the Electoral College. Greeley still garnered three posthumous electoral votes which Congress subsequently dismissed.
  5. Not including 1912, because of the death of James S. Sherman.

References

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