Misplaced Pages

Chartres: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 12:37, 13 August 2015 editBlue Indigo (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,931 edits Main sights: Druid, then Roman temples, followed by a Catho cathedral had been built on site of new cathedral/ added details on churches Saint-Pierre, Saint-Aignan & Saint-Martin-du-Val/stained glass windows financed by guilds&rich patrons← Previous edit Latest revision as of 12:25, 20 November 2024 edit undoSpsn34 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,492 edits Climate 
(185 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Prefecture and commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France}}
{{About|the city in France|the settlement in the ]|Chartres, Falkland Islands|the ferry|MV Chartres|the cathedral|Chartres Cathedral}}
{{Other uses|Chartres (disambiguation)}}
{{refimprove|date = February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox French commune {{Infobox French commune
|name = Chartres |name = Chartres
|commune status = ] and ]
|image = Notre Dame de Chartres.jpg
|image = Chartres Blick von der Kathedralterrasse 5.jpg
|caption = Cityscape from ]
|image coat of arms = Blason Chartres.svg |image coat of arms = Blason Chartres.svg
|region = Centre
|department = Eure-et-Loir
|arrondissement = Chartres |arrondissement = Chartres
|canton = |canton = ], ] and ]
|INSEE = 28085 |INSEE = 28085
|postal code = 28000 |postal code = 28000
|mayor = ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|mayor = Jean-Pierre Gorges
|term = 2008-2020 |term = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality = Chartres Métropole |intercommunality = ]
|latitude = 48.456 |coordinates = {{coord|48.456|1.484|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|longitude = 1.484
|elevation m = 142 |elevation m = 142
|elevation min m = 121 |elevation min m = 121
|elevation max m = 161 |elevation max m = 161
|area km2 = 16.85 |area km2 = 16.85
|population = 39273 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = 2011 |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|metro area km2 = 1923.2
|metro area date = 2020
|metro area pop = 170763
|metro area pop date = Jan. 2019<ref name="AAV">{{cite web |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=59804,6241439,192553,116445&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2019&selcodgeo=065&t=A01&view=map13 |title=Statistiques locales - France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 2019 |author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref>
}} }}


'''Chartres''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃaʁtʁ|-|Fr-Paris--Chartres.ogg}}) is the ] of the ] ] in the ] ] in France. It is located about {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>Google maps gives 91&nbsp;km town hall to town hall; it is less city limit to city limit and less far again as the crow flies.</ref> southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the ] of Chartres (as defined by the ]),<ref name="AAV" /> 38,534 of whom lived in the city (]) of Chartres proper.<ref name="population">{{cite web| url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3698339 | title=Historique des populations communales - Recensements de la population 1876-2019| author=INSEE| access-date=2022-06-05|language=fr| author-link=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques}}</ref>
'''Chartres''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁtʁ}}) is a ] and capital of the ] ] in France. It is located {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Paris. This city is well known for its cathedral.

Chartres is famous worldwide for its ]. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this ] cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century.<ref name=ParisDigest>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parisdigest.com/france/chartres.htm | title=Chartres, the Gothic Cathedral near Paris | year=2018 |publisher=Paris Digest |access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the ], was destroyed by ] bombs in 1944.


==History== ==History==
Chartres was in ] one of the principal towns of the ], a ] tribe. In the ] period, it was called ''Autricum'', name derived from the river ''Autura'' (Eure), and afterwards ''civitas Carnutum'', "city of the Carnutes", from which Chartres got its name. The city was burned by the ] in 858, and unsuccessfully besieged by them in 911. Chartres was one of the principal towns in ] of the ], a ] tribe. In the ] period, it was called ''Autricum'', name derived from the river ''Autura'' (Eure), and afterwards ''civitas Carnutum'', "city of the Carnutes", from which Chartres got its name. The city was raided and burned down by the ] in 858, and once again besieged, this time unsuccessfully, by them in 911.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


During ], it was the most important town of the ]. It gave its name to a ] which was held by the ], and the ], and afterwards by the ], a member of which sold it to the ] in 1286. During ], it was the most important town of the ]. It gave its name to a county which was held by the counts of ], and the counts of ], and afterwards by the ], a member of which sold it to the ] in 1286.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


In 1417, Chartres fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was recovered in 1432. In 1417, during the ], Chartres fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was recovered in 1432. In 1528, it was raised to the rank of a duchy by ].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


In 1568, during the second ], Chartres was unsuccessfully ] by the ] leader, the ]. It was finally taken by the royal troops of ] on 19 April 1591. On Sunday, 27 February 1594, the cathedral of Chartres was the site of the coronation of Henry IV after he converted to the Catholic faith, the only king of France whose ] ceremony was not performed in ].
In 1528, it was raised to the rank of a duchy by ].


In 1568, during the ], Chartres was unsuccessfully ] by the ] leader, the ]. It was finally taken by the royal troops of ] on 19 April 1591. On Sunday, 27 February 1594, the cathedral of Chartres was the site of the coronation of Henry IV, the only king of France whose coronation ceremony was not performed in ]. In 1674, ] raised Chartres from a duchy to a ] in favor of his nephew, Duke ] of ]. The title of ] was hereditary in the ], and given to the eldest son of the Duke of Orléans.


During the 1870–1871 ], Chartres was seized by the Germans on 2 October 1870, and continued during the rest of the war to be an important centre of operations.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
In 1674, ] raised Chartres from a duchy to a ] in favor of his nephew, ]. The title of ] was hereditary in the ], and given to the eldest son of the Duke of Orléans.


During ], the city suffered heavy damage by bombing and during the battle of Chartres in August 1944, but its ] was spared by an American Army officer who challenged the order to destroy it.<ref name=Griffith>{{Cite web
In the 1870-1871 ], Chartres was seized by the Germans on 2 October 1870, and continued during the rest of the war to be an important centre of operations.
|access-date = 10 May 2011
|url = https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/6100
|title = MilitaryTimes Hall of Valor
|author = MilitaryTimes.com
|work = Welborn Barton Griffith, Jr
|publisher = Military Times, a Gannett Company
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118233837/http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=6100
|archive-date = 18 January 2012
|url-status = live
}} Note: The Distinguished Service Cross was awarded posthumously for saving the cathedral.</ref>
On 16 August 1944, Colonel ] questioned the necessity of destroying the cathedral and volunteered to go behind enemy lines to find out whether the Germans were using it as an observation post. With his driver, Griffith proceeded to the cathedral and, after searching it all the way up its ], confirmed to headquarters that it was empty of Germans. The order to destroy the cathedral was withdrawn.


Colonel Griffith was killed in action later on that day in the town of ], {{convert|3.5|km|mi|1|abbr=off}} north of Chartres.<ref name=Griffith/><ref name=Griffith2>{{Cite web
In ], the city suffered heavy damage by bombing and during the battle of Chartres in August 1944, but its ] was spared by an American Army officer who challenged the order to destroy it.<ref name=Griffith>{{Cite web
|accessdate=10 May 2011 |access-date=11 May 2011
|url=http://www.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=6100 |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/266849/colonel-chartres-jay-nordlinger
|title= MilitaryTimes Hall of Valor
|author=MilitaryTimes.com
|work=Welborn Barton Griffith, Jr
|publisher=Military Times, a Gannett Company
}} Note: The Distinguished Service Cross was awarded posthumously for saving the cathedral.</ref>
On 16 August 1944, Colonel ] questioned the necessity of destroying the cathedral and volunteered to go behind enemy lines to find out whether the Germans were using it as an observation post. With his driver, Griffith proceeded to the cathedral and, after searching it all the way up its ], confirmed to Headquarters that it was empty of Germans. The order to destroy the cathedral was withdrawn. Colonel Griffith was killed in action later on that day in the town of ], 3.5 kilometers north of Chartres.<ref name=Griffith/><ref name=Griffith2>{{Cite web
|accessdate=11 May 2011
|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/266849/colonel-chartres-jay-nordlinger
|title= A Colonel at Chartres |title= A Colonel at Chartres
|author=] |author=Jay Nordlinger
|author-link=Jay Nordlinger
|work=The Corner |work=The Corner
|publisher=NationalReview.com |publisher=NationalReview.com
|year=2011 }}</ref> For his heroic action both at Chartres and Lèves, Colonel Griffith posthumously received several decorations awarded by the president of the United States and the U.S. military, and also from the French government.<ref>On 21 October 1944, for his heroic action, Colonel Welborn B. Griffith, Jr. was posthumously awarded the ]: He was also awarded the ], the ], the ], the French ], and the ]: Eugene G. Schulz, ''The Ghost in General Patton's Third Army'', USA, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1477141441}}</ref>
|year=2011 }}</ref>


Following deep reconnaissance missions in the region by the ] and units of the ], and after heavy fighting in and around the city, Chartres was liberated, on 18 August 1944, by the U.S. ] and the ] ] belonging to the ] of the ] commanded by General ].<ref>Winieska, Françoise, ''August 1944, The Liberation of Rambouillet, France'', SHARY, 1999, pp. 19–23, ISBN 2-9514047-0-0</ref> Following deep reconnaissance missions in the region by the ] and units of the ], and after heavy fighting in and around the city, Chartres was liberated, on 18 August 1944, by the U.S. ] and ] ] belonging to the ] of the U.S. ] commanded by Lieutenant General ]<ref>Winieska, Françoise, ''August 1944, The Liberation of Rambouillet, France'', SHARY, 1999, pp. 19–23, {{ISBN|2-9514047-0-0}}</ref>


==Population== ==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Chartres (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1923–present)
|Jan record high C = 16.1
|Feb record high C = 20.5
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 28.2
|May record high C = 31.4
|Jun record high C = 37.2
|Jul record high C = 41.4
|Aug record high C = 39.6
|Sep record high C = 35.5
|Oct record high C = 29.8
|Nov record high C = 20.9
|Dec record high C = 17.0
|Jan record low C = -18.4
|Feb record low C = -15.0
|Mar record low C = -11.0
|Apr record low C = -4.9
|May record low C = -1.0
|Jun record low C = 1.4
|Jul record low C = 0.9
|Aug record low C = 3.0
|Sep record low C = 0.5
|Oct record low C = -5.4
|Nov record low C = -11.3
|Dec record low C = -14.2
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 8.2
|Mar high C = 12.2
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 19.0
|Jun high C = 22.5
|Jul high C = 25.2
|Aug high C = 25.3
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.2
|Nov high C = 10.6
|Dec high C = 7.3
| year high C = 15.9
|Jan mean C = 4.3
|Feb mean C = 4.8
|Mar mean C = 7.8
|Apr mean C = 10.3
|May mean C = 13.8
|Jun mean C = 17.0
|Jul mean C = 19.4
|Aug mean C = 19.4
|Sep mean C = 15.9
|Oct mean C = 12.1
|Nov mean C = 7.6
|Dec mean C = 4.8
| year mean C = 11.4
|Jan low C = 1.8
|Feb low C = 1.5
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 5.1
|May low C = 8.5
|Jun low C = 11.6
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.4
|Sep low C = 10.5
|Oct low C = 8.0
|Nov low C = 4.5
|Dec low C = 2.2
| year low C = 7.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 49.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 43.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 44.6
|May precipitation mm = 55.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 51.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 47.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 46.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 58.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 56.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 60.7
|year precipitation mm = 606.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.3
| Feb precipitation days = 9.3
| Mar precipitation days = 8.9
| Apr precipitation days = 8.6
| May precipitation days = 9.3
| Jun precipitation days = 8.4
| Jul precipitation days = 7.1
| Aug precipitation days = 6.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.6
| Oct precipitation days = 9.8
| Nov precipitation days = 11.0
| Dec precipitation days = 11.5
| year precipitation days =108.8
|Jan sun = 63.5
|Feb sun = 87.6
|Mar sun = 140.3
|Apr sun = 183.6
|May sun = 208.7
|Jun sun = 221.5
|Jul sun = 230.3
|Aug sun = 220.0
|Sep sun = 181.1
|Oct sun = 118.4
|Nov sun = 72.4
|Dec sun = 60.1
|year sun = 1787.4
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=28070001
|title=Normales et records pour Chartres (28)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07143-chartres-champhol.html
| title = Normes et records 1961–1990: Chartres – Champhol (28) – altitude 155m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 30 December 2015}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations {{Historical populations
|align=left | align = none
| 1793| 15000 | cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| 1800| 13794
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|8537|Chartres}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>, INSEE</ref>
| 1806| 13809
| graph-pos = bottom
| 1821| 13714
|1793 |15000
| 1831| 14439
|1800 |13794
| 1836| 14750
|1806 |13809
| 1841| 16383
|1821 |13714
| 1846| 17353
|1831 |14439
| 1851| 18234
|1836 |14750
| 1856| 18925
|1841 |16383
| 1861| 19531
|1846 |17353
| 1866| 19442
|1851 |18234
| 1872| 19580
|1856 |18925
| 1876| 20468
|1861 |19531
| 1881| 21080
|1866 |19442
| 1886| 21903
|1872 |19580
| 1891| 23108
|1876 |20468
| 1896| 23182
|1881 |21080
| 1901| 23431
|1886 |21903
| 1906| 23219
|1891 |23108
| 1911| 24103
|1896 |23182
| 1921| 23349
|1901 |23431
| 1926| 24630
|1906 |23219
| 1931| 25357
|1911 |24103
| 1936| 27077
|1921 |23349
| 1946| 26422
|1926 |24630
| 1954| 28740
|1931 |25357
| 1962| 31495
|1936 |27077
| 1968| 34469
|1946 |26422
| 1975| 38928
|1954 |28750
| 1982| 37119
|1962 |31495
| 1990| 39595
|1968 |34469
| 1999| 40361
|1975 |38928
| 2008| 39159
|1982 |37119
| 2011| 39273
|1990 |39595
|1999 |40361
|2007 |39767
|2012 |38889
|2017 |38578
}} }}


==Geography== ==Geography==
Chartres is built on a hill on the left bank of the ]. Its renowned medieval ] is at the top of the hill, and its two spires are visible from miles away across the flat surrounding lands. To the southeast stretches the fruitful plain of ], the "granary of France", of which the town is the commercial centre. Chartres is built on a hill on the left bank of the river ]. Its renowned medieval ] is at the top of the hill, and its two spires are visible from miles away across the flat surrounding lands. To the southeast stretches the fertile plain of ], the "granary of France", in which Chartres is the commercial centre.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


==Main sights== ==Main sights==

===Cathedrals and churches=== ===Cathedrals and churches===
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
Chartres is best known for is ], the ''Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres'', which is considered one of the finest and best preserved ] in France and in Europe. Its historical and cultural importance has been recognized by its inclusion on the ] list of ]s. It was built on the site of the former Chartres cathedral of ], which was destroyed by fire in 1194. (That former cathedral had been built on the ruins of an ancient Celtic temple later replaced by a Roman temple.) Begun in 1205, the construction of ''Notre-Dame de Chartres'' was completed 66 years later. Chartres is best known for its cathedral, the ], which is considered one of the finest and best preserved ] in France and in Europe. Its historical and cultural importance has been recognized by its inclusion on the ] list of ]s.


It was built on the site of the former Chartres cathedral of ], which was destroyed by fire in 1194 (that former cathedral had been built on the ruins of an ancient Celtic temple, later replaced by a Roman temple). Begun in 1205, the construction of ''Notre-Dame de Chartres'' was completed 66 years later.
The ] of the cathedral were financed by ] of merchants and craftsmen, and by wealthy noblemen, whose names appear at the bottom.
It is not known how the famous and unique blue, ''bleu de Chartres'', of the glass was created, and it has been impossible to replicate it. The French author ], says that it could also be called ''bleu de Saint-Denis''.<ref>Pastoureau, Michel, ''Bleu: histoire d'une couleur', Seuil, Paris, 2000. ISBN-10: 2757840010. ISBN-13: 978-2757840016</ref>


The ] windows of the cathedral were financed by ] of merchants and craftsmen, and by wealthy noblemen, whose names appear at the bottom.
The ''Église Saint-Pierre de Chartres'', was the church of the ] ''Abbaye Saint-Père-en-Vallée'', founded in the 7th century by queen ]. At time of its construction, the abbey was outside the walls of the city. It contains fine stained glass, twelve representations of the apostles in enamel, created about 1547 by ].
It is not known how the famous and unique blue, ''bleu de Chartres'', of the glass was created, and it has been impossible to replicate it. The French author ] says that it could also be called ''bleu de Saint-Denis''.<ref>Pastoureau, Michel, ''Bleu: histoire d'une couleur', Seuil, Paris, 2000. {{ISBN|978-2757840016}}</ref>


The ''Église Saint-Pierre de Chartres'' was the church of the ] '']'', founded in the 7th century by queen ]. At time of its construction, the abbey was outside the walls of the city. It contains fine stained glass and, formerly, twelve representations of the apostles in enamel, created about 1547 by ],{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} which now can be seen in the fine arts museum.
Other noteworthy churches of Chartres are ''Saint-Aignan'' (13th, 16th and 17th centuries), and ''Saint-Martin-au-Val'' (12th century), inside the Saint-Brice hospital.

Other noteworthy churches of Chartres are ''Saint-Aignan'' (13th, 16th and 17th centuries), and ''Saint-Martin-au-Val'' (12th century), inside the Saint-Brice hospital.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


{{clear left}} {{clear left}}


===Museums=== ===Museums===
* ''Musée des Beaux-Arts'', ]s museum (located near the Cathedral of Chartres) housed in the former episcopal palace. * ''Musée des Beaux-Arts'', Fine arts museum, housed in the former episcopal palace adjacent to the cathedral.
* ''Le Centre international du vitrail'', a workshop-museum and cultural center devoted to ] art, located {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the cathedral.
* ''Le Grenier de l'Histoire Musée'', history museum specializing in ]s and ].
* ''Conservatoire du machinisme et des pratiques agricoles'', an agricultural museum.
* ''Le Centre International du Vitrail'', a workshop-museum and cultural center devoted to ] art.
* ''Musée le grenier de l'histoire'', history museum specializing in ]s and ], in ], a suburb of Chartres.
* ''Muséum de sciences naturelles et de la préhistoire'', ] and Prehistory Museum
* ''Muséum des sciences naturelles et de la préhistoire'', ] and Prehistory Museum (closed since 2015).
* ''Conservatoire du Machinisme et des Pratiques Agricoles'', an agricultural museum


===Other sights=== ===Other sights===
]
The Eure River, which at this point divides into three branches, is crossed by several bridges, some of them ancient, and is fringed in places by remains of the old fortifications, of which the Porte Guillaume (14th century), a gateway flanked by towers, is the most complete specimen. The steep, narrow streets of the old town contrast with the wide, shady boulevards which encircle it and divide it from the suburbs. The Cbs St Jean, a pleasant park, lies to the north-west, and squares and open spaces are numerous.
The river Eure, which at this point divides into three branches, is crossed by several bridges, some of them ancient, and is fringed in places by remains of the old fortifications, of which the ''Porte Guillaume'' (14th century), a gateway flanked by towers, was the most complete specimen, until destroyed by the retreating ] in the night of 15 to 16 August 1944. The steep, narrow streets of the old town contrast with the wide, shady boulevards which encircle it and separate it from the suburbs. The "parc André-Gagnon" or "Clos St. Jean", a pleasant park, lies to the north-west, and squares and open spaces are numerous.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Part of the ''Hôtel de Ville'' (City Hall) is a building of the 17th century called ''Hôtel de Montescot''. The ''Maison Canoniale'' dating back to the 13th century, and several medieval and Renaissance houses, are of interest.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


There is a statue of ] (1769–1796), a native of Chartres and a general during the ].
The hotel de ville, a building of the 17th century, containing a museum and library, an older ] of the 13th century, and several medieval and Renaissance houses, are of interest. There is a statue of General F. S. Marceau-Desgraviers (b. 1769), a native of the town.


* ''La Maison Picassiette'', a house decorated inside and out with mosaics of chards of broken china and pottery The '']'', a house decorated inside and out with mosaics of shards of broken china and pottery, was built by Raymond Isidore.


==Economy== ==Economy==
Chartres is one of the most important ]s in the region of ] (known as "the granary of France"). Chartres is one of the most important ]s in the region of ] (known as "the granary of France").


The ]s and other delicacies of Chartres are well known, and the industries also include flour-milling, brewing, distilling, iron-founding, leather manufacture, perfumes, dyeing, and the manufacture of electronic equipment, car accessories, stained glass, billiard requisites and hosiery. Historically, ]s and other delicacies of Chartres were well known, and the industries also included flour-milling, brewing, distilling, iron-founding, leather manufacture, perfumes, dyeing, stained glass, billiard requisites and hosiery.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} More recently, businesses include the manufacture of electronic equipment and car accessories.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


Since 1976 fashion and perfumes company ] has a production plant in this commune.<ref name="Chartres">{{cite web |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2005/03/15/pagina-43/34731561/pdf.html?search=Chartres%20puig | title = To be multinational in Spain costs a lot, because the domestic market is too small | accessdate = May 9, 2012 | publisher = La Vanguardia}}</ref> Since 1976 the fashion and perfumes company ] has had a production plant in this commune.<ref name="Chartres">{{cite web | url = http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2005/03/15/pagina-43/34731561/pdf.html?search=Chartres%20puig | title = To be multinational in Spain costs a lot, because the domestic market is too small | access-date = 9 May 2012 | publisher = La Vanguardia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116194414/http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2005/03/15/pagina-43/34731561/pdf.html?search=Chartres%20puig | archive-date = 16 January 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref>


===Transport=== ===Transport===
Line 160: Line 304:
{{Main|Diocese of Chartres}} {{Main|Diocese of Chartres}}


The town is the seat of a bishop, a prefecture, and a court of assizes. It has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a ], training colleges, a high school for boys, a communal college for girls, and a branch of the Bank of France. The town is the seat of a ] (bishopric), a prefecture, and a '']''. It has a ''Tribunal de grande instance'', a ''Tribunal d'instance'', a ] and a branch of the '']''.

Public and religious schooling from kindergarten through high school and vocational schools is given in mixed (boys and girls) establishments. The two main high schools are the ''Lycée Jehan de Beauce'' and the ''Lycée Marceau'', named after two important personages of the history of Chartres: ] was a 16th-century architect who rebuilt the northern steeple of the cathedral after it had been destroyed by lightning in July 1506, and ], a native of city, who was a general during the French Revolution of 1789.


===Pilgrimages=== ===Pilgrimages===
Chartres has been a site of Christian pilgrimage since the Middle Ages. The poet ] (1873–1914) revived the pilgrimage route between Paris and Chartres before the First World War. After the war, some students carried on the pilgrimage in his memory. Since the 1980s, the association Notre-Dame de Chrétienté <http://www.nd-chretiente.com>, with offices in Versailles, has organized the annual {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} pilgrimage on foot from the cathedral of ] to the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Chartres. About 15,000 pilgrims, mostly young families from all over France, participate every year. Chartres has been a site of Catholic pilgrimages since the Middle Ages. The poet ] (1873–1914) revived the pilgrimage route between Paris and Chartres before ]. After the war, some students carried on the pilgrimage in his memory. Since 1982, the association '']'',<ref></ref> with offices in ], organizes the annual {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} pilgrimage on foot from '']'' to ''Notre-Dame de Chartres''. About 15,000 pilgrims, from France and countries outside France, participate every year.


===Bishops=== ===Bishops===
Notable bishops of Chartres: Notable bishops of ]:
* ] (1007–1029) * ] (1007–1029)
* ] (1090–1115) * ] (1090–1115)
* ] (1176–1180) * ] (1176–1180)
* ] (1472–1538) * ] (1472–1538)


==Personalities== ==Notable people==
Chartres was the birthplace of: Chartres was the birthplace of:
* ] (1908–1934), pilot
* ] (1754–1793), a leading member of the ] movement (])
* ] (born 1987 or 1988), football player
* ] (born 1951), journalist
* ] (born around 1059 in or near Chartres), chronicler of the ] * ] (born around 1059 in or near Chartres), chronicler of the ]
* ] (1838–1873), composer
* ] (1638–1720), ] and member of the {{Lang|fr|]}}
* ] (1546–1606), poet * ] (1546–1606), poet
* ] (1573–1613), ] * ] (1744–1777), ]er
* ] (born 1982), racing driver
* ] (born 1979), football player
* ] (born 1976), tennis player
* ] (1619–1695), architect and ] * ] (1619–1695), architect and ]
* ] (1809–1880), lawyer and ]
* ] (1814–1886), editor and publisher
* ] (born 1965), football player
* ] (born 1962), politician
* ] (1769–1796), general
* ] (1625–1695), Jansenist theologian * ] (1625–1695), Jansenist theologian
* ] (1638–1720), ] and member of the ]
* ] (1744–1777), ]er
* ] (1754–1793), a leading member of the ] (])
* ] (1756–1794), writer and politician * ] (1756–1794), writer and politician
* ] (born 1989), handball player
* ] (1769–1796), general
* ] (1889–1978), hellenist, epigrapher and archaeologist
* ] (1809–1880), lawyer and ]
* ] (born 1967), ] player
* ] (1814–1886), editor and publisher
* ] (born 1913), ] * ] (1573–1613), ]
* ] (1913–2010), ], ] and fiction writer
* ] (born 1976), professional tennis player
* ] (born 1977), football player
* ] (born 1979), professional ] for ] and the ]
* ] (born 1989), Canadian football player
* ] (born 12 June 1982), professional racingdriver; currently ], ] and ]
* ] (born 1980), actress and model
* ] footballer
* ], handball player
* ] handball player
* ] footballer


==International relations== ==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}


Chartres is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Association des Amis des Jumelages de Chartres|url=http://www.jumelages-chartres.fr/|website=jumelages-chartres.fr|publisher=Chartres|language=fr|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>
===Twin towns – Sister cities===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Chartres is ] with:
*{{flagicon|ITA}} ] in Italy <small>''(since 1957)''</small> *{{flagicon|ITA}} ], Italy <small>''(since 1957)''</small>
*{{flagicon|GER}} ] in Germany <small>''(since 1959)''</small> *{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany <small>''(since 1959)''</small>
*{{flagicon|UK}} ], United Kingdom <small>''(since 1959)''</small>
*{{flagicon|UK}} ] in the United Kingdom <small>''(since 1959)''<ref name="Archant twinning 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns ''''|accessdate=2013-07-20|archivedate=5 July 2013|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}</ref></small>
*{{flagicon|PSE}} ], Palestine <small>''(since 1995)''</small>
*{{flagicon|PLE}} ] in ] <small>''(since 1995)''<ref name="PalestineTwinning">''{{cite web|url = http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html|title=Twinning with Palestine|accessdate=29 November 2008|publisher=1998–2008 The Britain – Palestine Twinning Network}}''</ref><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=::Bethlehem Municipality:: |publisher=bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 }}</ref></small>
*{{flagicon|POR}} ] in Portugal <small>''(since 2003)''</small> *{{flagicon|POR}} ], Portugal <small>''(since 2003)''</small>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} ], Spain <small>''(since 2009)''</small>
*{{flagicon|PER}} ] in Peru <small>''(since 1989)''</small><ref name="cuidadhermanas">{{cite web|url=http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6|title=Ciudades Hermanas (Sister Cities)|publisher=Municipalidad del Cusco |language=Spanish|accessdate=23 September 2009}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} ] in Japan <small>''(since 1989)''</small> *{{flagicon|JPN}} ], Japan <small>''(since 1989)''</small>
{{div col end}}


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery class="center"> <gallery class="center">
File:Gare de Chartres 01.jpg|Chartres railway station File:Gare de Chartres 01.jpg|Chartres railway station
File:France Chartres 17th-c-engraving.jpg|17th-Century engraving of Chartres "skyline" File:France Chartres 17th-c-engraving.jpg|17th-century engraving of Chartres "skyline"
File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Cathedrale_nuit_02.jpg|The Cathedral of Chartres File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Cathedrale_nuit_02.jpg|The cathedral of Chartres
File:France Eure-et-Loir_Chartres Cathedrale 02.jpg|The Apostles and Saint Sculptures of Chartres File:France Eure-et-Loir_Chartres Cathedrale 02.jpg|The Apostles and Saint sculptures of Chartres
File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Bords_de_l_Eure.jpg|The Old Town – River Eure File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Bords_de_l_Eure.jpg|The Old Town – Eure River
File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Maison_a_colombage.jpg|Half-timbered house in the Old Town File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Maison_a_colombage.jpg|Half-timbered house in the Old Town
File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Vieille_ville.jpg |Hill of St. François File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Vieille_ville.jpg |Hill of Saint François
File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Vieille_ville_02.jpg|View south from the Cathedral File:France_Eure_et_Loir_Chartres_Vieille_ville_02.jpg|View south from the cathedral
File:Eure_Chartres.jpg|On the banks of the Eure River File:Eure_Chartres.jpg|On the banks of the Eure River
</gallery> </gallery>


==See also== ==See also==
*]
*] *]
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Chartres|volume=5|page=954}}
*
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111151233/http://goeurope.about.com/od/chartresfrance/a/chartres.htm |date=11 January 2011 }}
*{{EB1911}}
*
* *
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Chartres}} {{Commons category|Chartres}}
{{wikivoyage|Chartres}}
*
*
* (in French) * (in French)
* *
* (in French) * (in French)
* (English)
* *
* *
* – 360 degree interactive imaging * {{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – 360-degree interactive imaging


{{Préfectures of départements of France}} {{Préfectures of départements of France}}
Line 247: Line 402:


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 12:25, 20 November 2024

Prefecture and commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France For other uses, see Chartres (disambiguation).

Prefecture and commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France
Chartres
Prefecture and commune
Cityscape from Chartres CathedralCityscape from Chartres Cathedral
Coat of arms of ChartresCoat of arms
Location of Chartres
Chartres is located in FranceChartresChartresShow map of FranceChartres is located in Centre-Val de LoireChartresChartresShow map of Centre-Val de Loire
Coordinates: 48°27′22″N 1°29′02″E / 48.456°N 1.484°E / 48.456; 1.484
CountryFrance
RegionCentre-Val de Loire
DepartmentEure-et-Loir
ArrondissementChartres
CantonChartres-1, 2 and 3
IntercommunalityCA Chartres Métropole
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Jean-Pierre Gorges
Area16.85 km (6.51 sq mi)
 • Metro1,923.2 km (742.6 sq mi)
Population38,447
 • Density2,300/km (5,900/sq mi)
 • Metro170,763
 • Metro density89/km (230/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code28085 /28000
Elevation121–161 m (397–528 ft)
(avg. 142 m or 466 ft)
French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for its cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.

History

Chartres was one of the principal towns in Gaul of the Carnutes, a Celtic tribe. In the Gallo-Roman period, it was called Autricum, name derived from the river Autura (Eure), and afterwards civitas Carnutum, "city of the Carnutes", from which Chartres got its name. The city was raided and burned down by the Norsemen in 858, and once again besieged, this time unsuccessfully, by them in 911.

During the Middle Ages, it was the most important town of the Beauce. It gave its name to a county which was held by the counts of Blois, and the counts of Champagne, and afterwards by the House of Châtillon, a member of which sold it to the Crown in 1286.

In 1417, during the Hundred Years' War, Chartres fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was recovered in 1432. In 1528, it was raised to the rank of a duchy by Francis I.

In 1568, during the second war of Religion, Chartres was unsuccessfully besieged by the Huguenot leader, the Prince of Condé. It was finally taken by the royal troops of Henry IV on 19 April 1591. On Sunday, 27 February 1594, the cathedral of Chartres was the site of the coronation of Henry IV after he converted to the Catholic faith, the only king of France whose coronation ceremony was not performed in Reims.

In 1674, Louis XIV raised Chartres from a duchy to a duchy peerage in favor of his nephew, Duke Philippe II of Orléans. The title of Duke of Chartres was hereditary in the House of Orléans, and given to the eldest son of the Duke of Orléans.

During the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, Chartres was seized by the Germans on 2 October 1870, and continued during the rest of the war to be an important centre of operations.

During World War II, the city suffered heavy damage by bombing and during the battle of Chartres in August 1944, but its cathedral was spared by an American Army officer who challenged the order to destroy it. On 16 August 1944, Colonel Welborn Barton Griffith, Jr. questioned the necessity of destroying the cathedral and volunteered to go behind enemy lines to find out whether the Germans were using it as an observation post. With his driver, Griffith proceeded to the cathedral and, after searching it all the way up its bell tower, confirmed to headquarters that it was empty of Germans. The order to destroy the cathedral was withdrawn.

Colonel Griffith was killed in action later on that day in the town of Lèves, 3.5 kilometres (2.2 miles) north of Chartres. For his heroic action both at Chartres and Lèves, Colonel Griffith posthumously received several decorations awarded by the president of the United States and the U.S. military, and also from the French government.

Following deep reconnaissance missions in the region by the 3rd Cavalry Group and units of the 1139 Engineer Combat Group, and after heavy fighting in and around the city, Chartres was liberated, on 18 August 1944, by the U.S. 5th Infantry and 7th Armored Divisions belonging to the XX Corps of the U.S. Third Army commanded by Lieutenant General George S. Patton, Jr.

Climate

Climate data for Chartres (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1923–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0)
20.5
(68.9)
24.8
(76.6)
28.2
(82.8)
31.4
(88.5)
37.2
(99.0)
41.4
(106.5)
39.6
(103.3)
35.5
(95.9)
29.8
(85.6)
20.9
(69.6)
17.0
(62.6)
41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4)
8.2
(46.8)
12.2
(54.0)
15.6
(60.1)
19.0
(66.2)
22.5
(72.5)
25.2
(77.4)
25.3
(77.5)
21.4
(70.5)
16.2
(61.2)
10.6
(51.1)
7.3
(45.1)
15.9
(60.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)
4.8
(40.6)
7.8
(46.0)
10.3
(50.5)
13.8
(56.8)
17.0
(62.6)
19.4
(66.9)
19.4
(66.9)
15.9
(60.6)
12.1
(53.8)
7.6
(45.7)
4.8
(40.6)
11.4
(52.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)
1.5
(34.7)
3.4
(38.1)
5.1
(41.2)
8.5
(47.3)
11.6
(52.9)
13.5
(56.3)
13.4
(56.1)
10.5
(50.9)
8.0
(46.4)
4.5
(40.1)
2.2
(36.0)
7.0
(44.6)
Record low °C (°F) −18.4
(−1.1)
−15.0
(5.0)
−11.0
(12.2)
−4.9
(23.2)
−1.0
(30.2)
1.4
(34.5)
0.9
(33.6)
3.0
(37.4)
0.5
(32.9)
−5.4
(22.3)
−11.3
(11.7)
−14.2
(6.4)
−18.4
(−1.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.9
(1.96)
41.5
(1.63)
43.5
(1.71)
44.6
(1.76)
55.3
(2.18)
51.5
(2.03)
51.0
(2.01)
47.7
(1.88)
46.0
(1.81)
58.4
(2.30)
56.0
(2.20)
60.7
(2.39)
606.1
(23.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.3 9.3 8.9 8.6 9.3 8.4 7.1 6.9 7.6 9.8 11.0 11.5 108.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63.5 87.6 140.3 183.6 208.7 221.5 230.3 220.0 181.1 118.4 72.4 60.1 1,787.4
Source 1: Meteociel
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 15,000—    
1800 13,794−1.19%
1806 13,809+0.02%
1821 13,714−0.05%
1831 14,439+0.52%
1836 14,750+0.43%
1841 16,383+2.12%
1846 17,353+1.16%
1851 18,234+1.00%
1856 18,925+0.75%
1861 19,531+0.63%
1866 19,442−0.09%
1872 19,580+0.12%
1876 20,468+1.12%
1881 21,080+0.59%
1886 21,903+0.77%
1891 23,108+1.08%
1896 23,182+0.06%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 23,431+0.21%
1906 23,219−0.18%
1911 24,103+0.75%
1921 23,349−0.32%
1926 24,630+1.07%
1931 25,357+0.58%
1936 27,077+1.32%
1946 26,422−0.24%
1954 28,750+1.06%
1962 31,495+1.15%
1968 34,469+1.52%
1975 38,928+1.75%
1982 37,119−0.68%
1990 39,595+0.81%
1999 40,361+0.21%
2007 39,767−0.19%
2012 38,889−0.45%
2017 38,578−0.16%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017)

Geography

Chartres is built on a hill on the left bank of the river Eure. Its renowned medieval cathedral is at the top of the hill, and its two spires are visible from miles away across the flat surrounding lands. To the southeast stretches the fertile plain of Beauce, the "granary of France", in which Chartres is the commercial centre.

Main sights

Cathedrals and churches

Cathedral of Chartres
The famous "Chartres blue"
South elevation, lithography 1864
The Church of Saint Aignan

Chartres is best known for its cathedral, the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres, which is considered one of the finest and best preserved Gothic cathedrals in France and in Europe. Its historical and cultural importance has been recognized by its inclusion on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

It was built on the site of the former Chartres cathedral of Romanesque architecture, which was destroyed by fire in 1194 (that former cathedral had been built on the ruins of an ancient Celtic temple, later replaced by a Roman temple). Begun in 1205, the construction of Notre-Dame de Chartres was completed 66 years later.

The stained glass windows of the cathedral were financed by guilds of merchants and craftsmen, and by wealthy noblemen, whose names appear at the bottom.

It is not known how the famous and unique blue, bleu de Chartres, of the glass was created, and it has been impossible to replicate it. The French author Michel Pastoureau says that it could also be called bleu de Saint-Denis.

The Église Saint-Pierre de Chartres was the church of the Benedictine Abbaye Saint-Père-en-Vallée, founded in the 7th century by queen Balthild. At time of its construction, the abbey was outside the walls of the city. It contains fine stained glass and, formerly, twelve representations of the apostles in enamel, created about 1547 by Léonard Limosin, which now can be seen in the fine arts museum.

Other noteworthy churches of Chartres are Saint-Aignan (13th, 16th and 17th centuries), and Saint-Martin-au-Val (12th century), inside the Saint-Brice hospital.

Museums

  • Musée des Beaux-Arts, Fine arts museum, housed in the former episcopal palace adjacent to the cathedral.
  • Le Centre international du vitrail, a workshop-museum and cultural center devoted to stained glass art, located 50 metres (160 feet) from the cathedral.
  • Conservatoire du machinisme et des pratiques agricoles, an agricultural museum.
  • Musée le grenier de l'histoire, history museum specializing in military uniforms and accoutrements, in Lèves, a suburb of Chartres.
  • Muséum des sciences naturelles et de la préhistoire, Natural science and Prehistory Museum (closed since 2015).

Other sights

The Eure river running through Chartres

The river Eure, which at this point divides into three branches, is crossed by several bridges, some of them ancient, and is fringed in places by remains of the old fortifications, of which the Porte Guillaume (14th century), a gateway flanked by towers, was the most complete specimen, until destroyed by the retreating German army in the night of 15 to 16 August 1944. The steep, narrow streets of the old town contrast with the wide, shady boulevards which encircle it and separate it from the suburbs. The "parc André-Gagnon" or "Clos St. Jean", a pleasant park, lies to the north-west, and squares and open spaces are numerous.

Part of the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) is a building of the 17th century called Hôtel de Montescot. The Maison Canoniale dating back to the 13th century, and several medieval and Renaissance houses, are of interest.

There is a statue of General Marceau (1769–1796), a native of Chartres and a general during the French Revolution.

The Maison Picassiette, a house decorated inside and out with mosaics of shards of broken china and pottery, was built by Raymond Isidore.

Economy

Chartres is one of the most important market towns in the region of Beauce (known as "the granary of France").

Historically, game pies and other delicacies of Chartres were well known, and the industries also included flour-milling, brewing, distilling, iron-founding, leather manufacture, perfumes, dyeing, stained glass, billiard requisites and hosiery. More recently, businesses include the manufacture of electronic equipment and car accessories.

Since 1976 the fashion and perfumes company Puig has had a production plant in this commune.

Transport

The Gare de Chartres railway station offers frequent services to Paris, and a few daily connections to Le Mans, Nogent-le-Rotrou and Courtalain. The A11 motorway connects Chartres with Paris and Le Mans.

Sport

Chartres is home to two semi-professional association football clubs; FC Chartres, who play in the French sixth division, and HB Chartres, who play in the seventh tier.

Chartres has a table tennis club which is playing in the Pro A (French First division) and in the European Champions League. The club won the ETTU Cup on the season 2010 – 2011 and it finished at the second position in the French First division.

Chartres has the second most important squash club in France.

There is also a handball club and it is playing in the French second division.

In November 2012, Chartres organized the European Short Course Swimming Championships.

Diocese

Main article: Diocese of Chartres

The town is the seat of a diocese (bishopric), a prefecture, and a cour d'assises. It has a Tribunal de grande instance, a Tribunal d'instance, a Chamber of commerce and a branch of the Banque de France.

Public and religious schooling from kindergarten through high school and vocational schools is given in mixed (boys and girls) establishments. The two main high schools are the Lycée Jehan de Beauce and the Lycée Marceau, named after two important personages of the history of Chartres: Jehan de Beauce was a 16th-century architect who rebuilt the northern steeple of the cathedral after it had been destroyed by lightning in July 1506, and Marceau, a native of city, who was a general during the French Revolution of 1789.

Pilgrimages

Chartres has been a site of Catholic pilgrimages since the Middle Ages. The poet Charles Péguy (1873–1914) revived the pilgrimage route between Paris and Chartres before World War I. After the war, some students carried on the pilgrimage in his memory. Since 1982, the association Notre-Dame de Chrétienté, with offices in Versailles, organizes the annual 100 km (62 mi) pilgrimage on foot from Notre-Dame de Paris to Notre-Dame de Chartres. About 15,000 pilgrims, from France and countries outside France, participate every year.

Bishops

Notable bishops of Chartres:

Notable people

Chartres was the birthplace of:

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Chartres is twinned with:

Gallery

  • Chartres railway station Chartres railway station
  • 17th-century engraving of Chartres "skyline" 17th-century engraving of Chartres "skyline"
  • The cathedral of Chartres The cathedral of Chartres
  • The Apostles and Saint sculptures of Chartres The Apostles and Saint sculptures of Chartres
  • The Old Town – Eure River The Old Town – Eure River
  • Half-timbered house in the Old Town Half-timbered house in the Old Town
  • Hill of Saint François Hill of Saint François
  • View south from the cathedral View south from the cathedral
  • On the banks of the Eure River On the banks of the Eure River

See also

References

  1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ INSEE. "Statistiques locales - France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 2019". Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  4. Google maps gives 91 km town hall to town hall; it is less city limit to city limit and less far again as the crow flies.
  5. INSEE. "Historique des populations communales - Recensements de la population 1876-2019" (in French). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  6. "Chartres, the Gothic Cathedral near Paris". Paris Digest. 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  7. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  8. ^ MilitaryTimes.com. "MilitaryTimes Hall of Valor". Welborn Barton Griffith, Jr. Military Times, a Gannett Company. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2011. Note: The Distinguished Service Cross was awarded posthumously for saving the cathedral.
  9. Jay Nordlinger (2011). "A Colonel at Chartres". The Corner. NationalReview.com. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  10. On 21 October 1944, for his heroic action, Colonel Welborn B. Griffith, Jr. was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross:|title=Militarytimes Hall of Valor: Welborn Barton Griffith, Jr. He was also awarded the Silver Star, the Purple Heart, the Legion of Merit, the French Croix de Guerre, and the Légion d'Honneur: Eugene G. Schulz, The Ghost in General Patton's Third Army, USA, 2012. ISBN 978-1477141441
  11. Winieska, Françoise, August 1944, The Liberation of Rambouillet, France, SHARY, 1999, pp. 19–23, ISBN 2-9514047-0-0
  12. "Normales et records pour Chartres (28)". Meteociel. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  13. "Normes et records 1961–1990: Chartres – Champhol (28) – altitude 155m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  14. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Chartres, EHESS (in French).
  15. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  16. Pastoureau, Michel, Bleu: histoire d'une couleur', Seuil, Paris, 2000. ISBN 978-2757840016
  17. "To be multinational in Spain costs a lot, because the domestic market is too small". La Vanguardia. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  18. Association Notre-Dame de Chrétienté
  19. "Association des Amis des Jumelages de Chartres". jumelages-chartres.fr (in French). Chartres. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

External links

France Prefectures of the departments of France
Overseas departments
Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department of France
Categories: