Revision as of 08:32, 9 October 2015 edit176.126.224.234 (talk) →ReferencesTags: categories removed reference list removal repeating characters← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 December 2020 edit undoJamesLucas (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers12,912 edits making parallel w/ Christian75’s annotation of Exabyte |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} <!-- Was going for neutral ymd as more used, do not mind just dmy is easier w/script: First legal date format I found in edit 2005-10-16T22:42:49: "15 October 2005" however "illegal" MDY in 2004: "Dec 11, 2002" --> |
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{{Quantities of bytes}} |
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The '''petabyte''' is a multiple of the unit ] for ]. The ] '']'' indicates the fifth power of 1000 and means 10<sup>15</sup> in the ] (SI), and therefore 1 petabyte is one ] (]) ]s, or 1 ] (long scale) bytes. The unit symbol for the petabyte is '''PB'''. |
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{{R cat shell| |
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1 PB = {{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|B}} = {{gaps|10<sup>15</sup>|bytes}} = {{gaps|1|000|]s}}. |
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{{R with history}} |
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{{R to section}} |
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{{R from subtopic}} |
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] |
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A related unit, the ] (PiB), using a ], is equal to 1024<sup>5</sup> bytes, which is more than 12% greater (2<sup>50</sup> ]s = {{gaps|1|125|899|906|842|624|bytes}}). |
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==Usage examples== |
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Examples of the use of the petabyte to describe data sizes in different fields are: |
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<!-- To avoid an infinitely long list, limited to one example per field--> |
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* Telecommunications (capacity): The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way ] networks was 281 petabytes of information in 1986, 471 petabytes in 1993, 2,200 petabytes in 2000, and 65,000 petabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person exchanging 6 newspapers per day).<ref name="HilbertLopez2011">, Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), ], 332(6025), 60-65; see also and .</ref> |
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* Telecommunications (usage): ] transfers about 30 petabytes of data through its networks each day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |title=AT&T- News Room |publisher=Att.com |date=23 October 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> |
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* Internet: ] processed about 24 petabytes of data per day in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492 |title=MapReduce |publisher=Portal.acm.org |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> The ]'s ] is reported to use 7 petabytes of bandwidth each month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crave.cnet.co.uk/software/iplayer-uncovered-what-powers-the-bbcs-epic-creation-49302215/ |title=Article |publisher=CNET UK |accessdate=11 January 2010}}</ref> ] transfers about 4 petabytes of data per month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/y81ju/i_created_imgur_ama/ |title=I created Imgur. AMA. |publisher=Alan Schaaf |accessdate=15 August 2012}}</ref> |
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* Supercomputers: In January 2012, Cray began construction of the ], which will have a capacity of 500 petabytes making it the largest storage array ever if realized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/blue-waters-petaflop-supercomputer-installation-begins-20120130/|title=Blue Waters petaflop supercomputer installation begins}}</ref> |
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* Data storage system: In August 2011, IBM was reported to have built the largest storage array ever, with a capacity of 120 petabytes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/38440/|title=IBM Builds Biggest Data Drive Ever|last=Simonite|first=Tom|date=25 August 2011|work=Technology Review|accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> |
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* Databases: ] Database 12 has a capacity of 50 petabytes of compressed data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teradata.com/t/products-and-services/database/teradata-12/ |title=Teradata Database 12.0 - Database Management - SQL Database |publisher=Teradata.com |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=BBC20040920>{{Cite news|title=Thanks for memory (but I need more) |author=Paul Rubens |date=20 September 2004 |newspaper=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3673262.stm |quote=Of course there's no such thing as a petabyte iPod, but the good news is that we may not have too long to wait for one. Hitachi Data Systems already sells a product called the TagmaStore Universal Storage Platform which can manage up to 32 petabytes of storage for the very largest corporations, so you'd have to conclude that a pocket-sized consumer version isn't out of the question in a decade or so.}}</ref> |
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* Data mining: In August 2012, ]'s Hadoop clusters include the largest single ] cluster known, with more than 100 PB physical disk space in a single HDFS filesystem.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/under-the-hood-hadoop-distributed-filesystem-reliability-with-namenode-and-avata/10150888759153920 |title=Under the Hood: Hadoop Distributed Filesystem reliability with Namenode and Avatarnode |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> Yahoo stores 2 petabytes of data on behavior.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lai|first=Eric|title=Size matters: Yahoo claims 2-petabyte database is world's biggest, busiest|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9087918/Size_matters_Yahoo_claims_2_petabyte_database_is_world_s_biggest_busiest?taxonomyId=18&intsrc=hm_topic|work=Computerworld|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> |
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* Digital archives: The ] surpassed 15 petabytes as of May 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brownell|first=Brett|title=Meet the People Behind the Wayback Machine, One of Our Favorite Things About the Internet|url=http://www.motherjones.com/media/2014/05/internet-archive-wayback-machine-brewster-kahle|accessdate=29 May 2014|newspaper=Mother Jones|date=22 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Email: In May 2013, ] announces that as part of their migration of Hotmail accounts to the new Outlook.com email system, they migrated over 150 petabytes of user data in six weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.office.com/b/microsoft-outlook/archive/2013/05/02/outlook-com-400-million-active-accounts-hotmail-upgrade-complete-and-more-features-on-the-way.aspx|title=Outlook.com: 400 million active accounts, Hotmail upgrade complete and more features on the way}}</ref> |
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* File sharing (centralized): At its 2012 closure of file storage services, ] held ~28 petabytes of user uploaded data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |title=Być może odzyskasz swoje pliki z Megaupload - Tech - WP.PL |publisher=Tech |date= |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> |
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* File sharing (]): 2013 - BitTorrent Sync has transferred over 30 petabytes of data since its pre-alpha release in January 2013.<ref name="nofilmschool.com">http://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing/</ref> |
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* Film: The 2009 movie ] is reported to have taken over 1 petabyte of local storage at ] for the rendering of the 3D CGI effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenextweb.com/2010/01/01/avatar-takes-1-petabyte-storage-space-equivalent-32-year-long-mp3/ |title=Believe it or not: Avatar takes 1 petabyte of storage space |publisher=Thenextweb.com |date=1 January 2010 |first=Zee|last=Kane|accessdate=14 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.information-management.com/newsletters/avatar_data_processing-10016774-1.html |title=Processing AVATAR |publisher=Information-management.com |date=21 December 2009 |first=Jim|last=Ericson|accessdate=14 January 2010}}</ref> |
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* Video streaming: As of May 2013, ] had 3.14 petabytes of video "master copies," which it compresses and converts into 100 different formats for streaming.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|title=Netflix, Reed Hastings Survive Missteps to Join Silicon Valley's Elite|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-09/netflix-reed-hastings-survive-missteps-to-join-silicon-valleys-elite#p4|accessdate=22 May 2014|newspaper=Businessweek|date=9 May 2013}}</ref> |
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* Photos: As of January 2013, ] users had uploaded over 240 billion photos,<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Rich|title=Facebook Builds Exabyte Data Centers for Cold Storage|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archiveqFEWwefgQWRWKLFDMSD A,DSM AdNWFNSMC XCs/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com|accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> with 350 million new photos every day. For each uploaded photo, Facebook generates and stores four images of different sizes, which translated to a total of 960 billion images and an estimated 357 petabytes of storage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/hovsdaDSqwrmwqwfEqw-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Music: One petabyte of average ]-encoded songs (for mobile, roughly one megabyte per minute), would require 2000 years to play.<ref name="computerweekly.com">http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like</ref> |
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* Games: ] uses 1.3 petabytes of storage to maintain its game.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090922235430/http://www.industrygamers.com/news/blizzard-drops-world-of-warcraft-stat-bomb| archivedate=22 September 2009| url=http://www.industrygamers.com/news/blizzard-drops-world-of-warcraft-stat-bomb/ |title=Blizzard Drops World of Warcraft Stat Bomb |publisher=Industrygamers.com |date=18 September 2009 |first=David|last=Radd|accessdate=18 September 2009}}</ref> |
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* ], a digital distribution service, delivers over 16 petabytes of content to American users weekly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steam ISP stats lay Australia's dire internet connectivity bare|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/steam-isp-stats-lay-australias-dire-internet-connectivity-bare/|publisher=PC Gamer}}</ref> |
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* Cloud backup: Multiple backup vendors, including ], ], and ] claim to store 90 or more petabytes of user backup data.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/how-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Physics: The ] in the ] produce about 15 petabytes of data per year, which are distributed over the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |title=3 October 2008 - CERN: Let the number-crunching begin: the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid celebrates first data |publisher=Interactions.org |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> In July 2012 it was revealed that ] amassed about 200 petabytes of data from the more than 800 trillion collisions looking for the ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736|title=Big Data Software Problem Behind CERN's Higgs Boson Hunt}}</ref> |
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* Neurology: It is estimated that the ]'s ability to store memories is equivalent to about 2.5 petabytes of binary data.<ref>{{cite web|last=Reber |first=Paul |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-memory-capacity |title=What Is the Memory Capacity of the Human Brain? |publisher=Scientific American |date=2 April 2013 |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> |
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* Climate science: The ] (DKRZ) has a storage capacity of 60 petabytes of climate data.<ref></ref> |
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* Folding@home (Scientific Data): Folding@home has generated 0.5 petabytes of simulated data.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://folding.stanford.edu/home/donate/ |title=Foldign@home|date=2011-02-02 |accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesdank memesItalic text |
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