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{{Short description|none}} | |||
{{History of Libya}} | |||
{{Cleanup|reason=Cleanup entries not meeting article inclusion criteria: list of wars involving...|date=December 2023}} | |||
This is a '''list of ]s involving the ]''' and its predecessor states. | |||
== Ottoman Tripolitania (1551-1911) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! rowspan="1" width="190px" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" width="180px" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" width="180px" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" width="260px" |Results | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1645-1699) | |||
! style="background:#008833" rowspan="1" width=180px| <span style="color: white">Combatant 1</span> | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|Ottoman Empire|red}} | |||
! style="background:#008833" rowspan="1" width=180px| <span style="color: white">Combatant 2</span> | |||
! style="background:#008833" rowspan="1" width=260px| <span style="color: white">Results</span> | |||
* {{Flagicon|Ottoman Tripolitania}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Regency of Algiers}} ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagcountry|Republic of Venice|wartime}} | |||
{{flagdeco|SMOM}} ] | |||
{{flag|Papal States|old}} | |||
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} | |||
{{flagicon image|Greek_Revolution_flag.svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Ottoman Victory''' | |||
* Crete conquered by the Ottoman Empire | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| ]<br |
|style="background:#efefef"| ] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Ottoman Tripolitania}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| ] ] | |||
] ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{Flagicon|Egypt|1972|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef" |{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} | ||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
*Libyan attack on ] repelled. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| ]<br |
|style="background:#efefef"| ] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Ottoman Tripolitania}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{flagicon|Uganda|size=22px}} ] <br>{{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Palestine|size=22px}} ] | |||
] ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{flag|Tanzania|size=22px}}<br>{{flagicon|Uganda|size=22px}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Mozambique|1975|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Defeat''' | |||
] ] | |||
*Overthrow of ] in Uganda. | |||
|style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Algiers.jpg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Ottoman Tripolitania}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ]<br />{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ]<br>{{flag|France|size=22px}}<br>{{flag|Zaire|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:# |
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Tripolitanian Victory''' | ||
*] pushed out of Chad. | |||
*Chad gained control of the ]. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|] | ||
(1790–1795) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (eight pointed star).svg}} ] | ||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Karamanli Victory''' | |||
*Targets damaged, but ] survived. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|] ] | ||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Victory''' | |||
*{{Flag|France|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}} | |||
*] ] | |||
*{{Flag|Belgium|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Canada|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Denmark|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Netherlands|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Norway|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Spain|size=22px}} | |||
*{{Flag|Turkey|size=22px}} | |||
{{Flag|Jordan|size=22px}}<br />{{Flag|Qatar|size=22px}}<br />{{Flag|Sweden|size=22px}}<br />{{Flag|UAE|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Regime change''' | |||
*] was ]. | |||
*The ] assumed interim control of Libya. | |||
*102 countries, ], ], ] and ] ] the National Transitional Council as the sole governing authority for Libya. | |||
*]. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|] | ||
(1801–1805) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{Flagicon|Libya|size=22px}} ]<br />{{Flag|Egypt|size=22px}}<br/>{{Flag|UAE|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| {{Flagicon|Libya|size=22px}} ]<hr/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=22px}} ]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=22px}} ]<hr />{{Flagicon|Islamic State|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"| |
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|United States|1795}} ] | ||
{{flagicon|Sweden|naval}} ] {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily (simplified).svg}} ] | |||
*Islamists suffered landslide electoral defeat. | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Peace treaty''' | |||
* The United States paying ransom | |||
* Tripolitania ships allowed to inspect American ships | |||
* Freeing prisoners of American ships | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sardinia}} | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''Defeat''' | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] ] | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Victory''' | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
|style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Tripoli 18th century.svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef" | {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} ] | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''defeat''' | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
(1911) | |||
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Cyrenaica.svg|size=22px}} ] | |||
{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} | |||
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px}} | |||
|'''Defeat''' | |||
* ] | |||
|} | |||
== Colonial period (1911-1951) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="1" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Results | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1911–1917) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Cyrenaica.svg|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px}} | |||
{{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
* Libyan resistance put down | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1923–1932) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Cyrenaica.svg|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
* Stabilization of Italian rule in Libya | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1940–1943) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} | |||
* {{flagicon|Cyrenaica}} ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rennell of Rodd |first=Francis James Rennell Rodd |title=British military administration of occupied territories in Africa during the years 1941 - 1947 |date=1970 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-8371-4319-4 |edition=Reprint London 1948 |location=Westport, Conn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=ياغي |first1=إسماعيل أحمد |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-1FDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT71 |title=تاريخ العالم الإسلامي الحديث والمعاصر : قارة إفريقية : الجزء الثاني: 1492-1980 |last2=شاكر |first2=محمود |date=2008-10-01 |publisher=العبيكان للنشر |language=ar}}</ref> | |||
* {{flagcountry|British Raj}} | |||
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Egypt}} | |||
* {{flag|Canada|1921}} | |||
* {{flag|Australia}} | |||
* {{flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand}} | |||
* {{flagcountry|Union of South Africa}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagcountry|Fascist Italy (1922–1943)}} | |||
* {{flagdeco|Italian Libya}} ] | |||
{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Allied Victory''' | |||
|} | |||
== Libyan Kingdom (1951-1969) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="1" width="190px" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" width="180px" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" width="180px" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" width="260px" |Results | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#efefef" |] | |||
| style="background:#efefef" |{{Flag|Libya}}<br>{{Flagicon|Algeria}} ] | |||
| style="background:#efefef" |{{Flag|France}} | |||
| style="background:#D0FFD0" |'''Victory''' | |||
|} | |||
== Libyan Arab Republic (1969-1977) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="1" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Results | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Libya (1969–1972).svg}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Libya (1951).svg}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Cyrenaica.svg}} ] (CYDEF) | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"|'''Regime Change''' | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1970) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|Sudan|1956|size=22px}} | |||
{{flag|Libya|1969|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Azania Liberation Front.svg|size=22px}} ] | |||
{{flagicon image|Sn anyaanya1.PNG|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Stalemate''' | |||
* ] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1972)<ref>Ruzindana, Augustine. "." Daily Monitor. September 14, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2015.</ref> | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Country|Uganda|size=22px}} | |||
{{Country|Libya|1972|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Uganda|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Victory''' | |||
* Invasion by Obote loyalists repelled | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1976) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Arab League|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flag|Syrian Arab Republic|1980|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|Sudan|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|Libya|1972|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|South Yemen|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Lebanon.svg|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Withdrawal''' | |||
* Libyan forces essentially abandoned<ref name="Palestine: Palestinians and the civil war in Lebanon2">{{cite book |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31428/Arab-Deterrent-Force |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}</ref> | |||
* Eventual termination of ADF mandate | |||
|} | |||
== Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977-2011) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="1" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Results | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1977) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Egypt|1972|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Ceasefire''' | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1978–1979) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Uganda|size=22px}} ] | |||
{{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|Tanzania|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flagicon|Uganda|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Mozambique|1975|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
* Overthrow of ] in Uganda | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1978–1987) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ]{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Chad|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{flag|France|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flag|Zaire|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#FFD0D0"|'''Defeat''' | |||
* ] pushed out of Chad | |||
* Chad gained control of the ] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1986) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|United States|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Both sides claimed victory'''<ref>Martel, William C. ''Victory in War: Foundations of Modern Military Policy'', p. 162. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.</ref> | |||
* Ground targets destroyed | |||
* Failed Libyan ] response | |||
* Survival of the Libyan leader ] | |||
* 188 Libyan rockets strike the island of ] in retaliation | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(1986–1988) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flag|Sudan|size=22px}} | |||
* {{flagicon|Sudan|size=22px}}] | |||
* ] ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
* {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|South Sudan|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{Flagicon|South Sudan|size=22px}} ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
{{flagicon image|Sn anyaanya1.PNG|size=22px}} ] | |||
] ] | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Stalemate''' | |||
* Libyan withdrawal in 1988 | |||
* ] and independence of the ] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(2008) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagdeco|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] ] | |||
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|'''Victory''' | |||
|} | |||
== State of Libya (2011-present) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="1" |Conflict | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 1 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Combatant 2 | |||
! rowspan="1" |Results | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(2011) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|size=22px}} ] | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{flagicon|Libya|1951|size=22px}} ] | |||
{{Flag|NATO|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|France|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|United States|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Belgium|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Canada|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Denmark|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Netherlands|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Norway|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Spain|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Turkey|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Jordan|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Qatar|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Sweden|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}} | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Regime change''' | |||
* ] ] | |||
* ] assumes interim control of Libya | |||
* ] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|] | |||
(2014–2020) | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Libya|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{Flag|Russia}} | |||
* ] ] | |||
* {{Flag|United States|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|Egypt|size=22px}} | |||
* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}} | |||
* | |||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{Flagicon|Libya|size=22px}} ] | |||
* {{Flag|Turkey}} | |||
* {{Flag|Qatar}} | |||
* ] ] | |||
* ] ] | |||
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Ceasefire''' | |||
* ] formed in 2021 | |||
* Islamic State presence minimized | |||
* LNA failed to capture Tripoli | |||
|} | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
<references/> | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* . | * . | ||
{{Africa topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving African countries}} | {{Africa topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving African countries}} | ||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 20:59, 24 December 2024
This article may require cleanup to meet Misplaced Pages's quality standards. The specific problem is: Cleanup entries not meeting article inclusion criteria: list of wars involving... Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
This is a list of wars involving the State of Libya and its predecessor states.
Ottoman Tripolitania (1551-1911)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Cretan War
(1645-1699) |
Ottoman Empire | Venice | Ottoman Victory
|
French-Tripolitania War (1681-1685) | Tripolitania | France | Defeat |
Maghrebi war (1699–1702) | Tripolitania | Deylik of Algiers | Defeat |
Siege of Tripoli (1705) | Tripolitania | Tunisia | Tripolitanian Victory |
Tripolitanian civil war
(1790–1795) |
Karamanli Tripolitania | Ottoman Tripolitania | Karamanli Victory |
Action of 16 May 1797 | Tripolitania | Denmark-Norway | Victory |
First Barbary War
(1801–1805) |
Tripolitania | United States | Peace treaty
|
Battle of Tripoli (1825) | Tripolitania | Sardinia | Defeat |
Bombardment of Tripoli (1828) | Tripolitania | Kingdom of the Two Sicilies | Victory |
Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912) | tripolitania | italy | defeat |
Italian invasion of Libya
(1911) |
Senusiyya | Italy | Defeat |
Colonial period (1911-1951)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
First Italo-Senussi War
(1911–1917) |
Senussi | Italy | Defeat
|
Second Italo-Senussi War
(1923–1932) |
Senussi | Italy | Defeat
|
North African Campaign
(1940–1943) |
United Kingdom | Italy | Allied Victory |
Libyan Kingdom (1951-1969)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Battle of Essien (1957) | Libya FLN |
France | Victory |
Libyan Arab Republic (1969-1977)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
1969 Libyan revolution | Free Officers Movement | Kingdom of Libya
|
Regime Change |
First Sudanese Civil War
(1970) |
Sudan | ALF | Stalemate |
Invasion of Uganda
(1972) |
Uganda | FRONASA | Victory
|
Lebanese Civil War
(1976) |
ADF | LF | Withdrawal
|
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977-2011)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Egyptian–Libyan War
(1977) |
Libya | Egypt | Ceasefire |
Uganda–Tanzania War
(1978–1979) |
Uganda | Tanzania | Defeat
|
Chadian–Libyan conflict
(1978–1987) |
Libya | FAT | Defeat
|
United States bombing of Libya
(1986) |
Libya | United States | Both sides claimed victory
|
Second Sudanese Civil War
(1986–1988) |
Sudan | SPLA | Stalemate
|
2008 Kufra conflict
(2008) |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya | Victory |
State of Libya (2011-present)
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
First Libyan Civil War
(2011) |
Libyan Government | NTC | Regime change
|
Second Libyan Civil War
(2014–2020) |
HoR
|
GNA | Ceasefire
|
See also
References
- Rennell of Rodd, Francis James Rennell Rodd (1970). British military administration of occupied territories in Africa during the years 1941 - 1947 (Reprint London 1948 ed.). Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-4319-4.
- ياغي, إسماعيل أحمد; شاكر, محمود (2008-10-01). تاريخ العالم الإسلامي الحديث والمعاصر : قارة إفريقية : الجزء الثاني: 1492-1980 (in Arabic). العبيكان للنشر.
- Ruzindana, Augustine. "Remembering the Aborted 1972 Invasion by Ugandan Exiles." Daily Monitor. September 14, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2015.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- Martel, William C. Victory in War: Foundations of Modern Military Policy, p. 162. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
External links
Lists of wars involving African countries | |
---|---|
Sovereign states |
|
States with limited recognition | |
Dependencies and other territories |
|