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{{short description|Soviet-Russian Orthodox Christian priest and human rights activist}}
⚫ {{Infobox Politician
{{Family name hatnote|Pavlovich|Yakunin|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
|birthname=Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
|nationality=]
⚫ {{Infobox officeholder
|image= Gleb Yakunin.JPG | image = Gleb Yakunin.JPG
|caption=Gleb Yakunin at a Moscow opposition rally November 3, 2012 | caption = Gleb Yakunin at a pro-democracy rally in Moscow, November 2012
|office1=Member of the ] (1990-1993)
|office2=Member of the ] (1993-1995) | office = Member of the ]
| office1 = Member of the ]
|premier=
|term_start= | term_start = 1990
|term_end= | term_end = 12 December 1993
|predecessor= | predecessor =
| successor = ''Position abolished''<br><small>(Himself as a member of the State Duma)</small>
|successor=
| term_start1 = 12 December 1993
|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1934|03|04}}
| term_end1 = 17 December 1995
|birth_place=], ]
|death_date={{Death date and age|2014|12|25|1934|03|04|df=yes}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|03|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place = ], ], ]<br><small>(now Russia)</small>
⚫ |death_place=], ]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|12|25|1936|03|04|df=yes}}
⚫ |party=]
⚫ | death_place = ], ]
|relations=
⚫ | party = ]
|spouse=
| native_name = Глеб Павлович Якунин
|children=
| native_name_lang = ru
|residence=
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''<br><small>(Himself as a member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia)</small>
|occupation=
|religion=]
|signature=
|website=
|footnotes=
}} }}


''' Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin''' ({{lang-ru|Глеб Па́влович Яку́нин}}; 4 March 1934 – 25 December 2014) was a ]n priest and ], who fought for the principle of ] in the ]. He was a member of the ], and was elected member of the ] from 1990 to 1995. ''' Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin''' ({{langx|ru|Глеб Па́влович Яку́нин}}; 4 March 1936 – 25 December 2014) was a Russian priest and ], who fought for the principle of ] in the ]. He was a member of the ], and was elected member of the ] and ] from 1990 to 1995.


==Life== ==Biography==
]
Gleb Yakunin was born into a musical family. He studied ] at ] Agricultural Institute. He converted to ] at the end of the 1950s, after coming into contact with ],{{r|WSJ150101}} and graduated from the Moscow Theological ] of the ] in 1959. In August 1962 he was ] a ] and was appointed to the ] in the city of ] near ]. Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin was born into a musical family. He studied ] at ] Agricultural Institute. He converted from atheism to ] at the end of the 1950s, after coming into contact with ],{{r|WSJ150101}} and graduated from the Moscow Theological ] of the ] in 1959. In August 1962 he was ] a ] and was appointed to the ] in the city of ], near ].


Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an ] in 1965 to the ], ], where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a '']'' ("self-published", i.e., ]). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. ] supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius. Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an ] in 1965 to the ], ], where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a '']'' ("self-published", i.e., ]). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. ] supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius.


In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all ]s. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for ] in 28 August 1980. He was kept in the ] ] until 1985, and then in a ] known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by ] in ]. In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all ]s. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for ] on 28 August 1980. He was kept in the ] ] until 1985, and then in a ] known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by ] in the ].


Gleb Yakunin was given ] in March 1987 under ]. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was ] in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the ] and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country. Gleb Yakunin was given ] in March 1987 under ]. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was ] in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the ] and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country.


Gleb Yakunin was a member of the committee created for the investigation of the ] and chaired by ], and thereby gained the access to secret ] archives. In March 1992 he published materials about the cooperation between the Moscow Patriarchate and the KGB. He claimed that the code names of several high-rank KGB agents in the ] were those of ], Mitropolitans ] of ], Pitrim of Volokolamsk, and others. The Russian church ] Yakunin in 1993. Gleb Yakunin was a member of the committee created for the investigation of the ] and chaired by ], and thereby gained the access to secret ] archives. In March 1992 he published materials about the cooperation between the Moscow Patriarchate and the KGB. He published code names of several KGB agents who held high-rank positions in the ] including ], Metropolitans ] of ], Pitrim of Volokolamsk, and others. The Russian Orthodox Church ] Yakunin in 1993.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gleb Yakunin, Russian Priest and Dissident, Is Dead at 80 |author=Sophia Kishkovsky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/30/world/europe/gleb-yakunin-russian-priest-and-dissident-is-dead-at-80.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |newspaper=The ] |date=2014-12-29 |accessdate=2022-03-02 }}</ref>


] from the then Solovetsky special-purpose camp (the Solovetsky Monastery) set up in front of the KGB headquarters in Lubyanskaya Square, Moscow, on October 30, 1990.]] ] from the then Solovetsky special-purpose camp (the Solovetsky Monastery) set up in front of the KGB headquarters in Lubyanskaya Square, Moscow, on October 30, 1990.]]
Gleb Yakunin was one of the organizers of the democratic alliance "]" in 1993, prior to the opening of the ] called by the ] ]. He became a ] delegate representing the party "]" in 1996. He created the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience in 1995. He criticized the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" adopted by the Duma<ref name="law">, 20-06-97</ref><ref name="USCJ"></ref> and made numerous statements in support of ].<ref name="appeal">, November 15, 2005</ref> Gleb Yakunin was one of the organizers of the ] political alliance in 1993, prior to the opening of the ] called by the ] ]. He became a ] delegate representing the party "]" in 1996. He created the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience in 1995. He criticized the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" adopted by the Duma<ref name="law"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171111/http://www.stetson.edu/~psteeves/relnews/yakunin2006.html |date=3 March 2016 }}, 20-06-97</ref><ref name="USCJ"> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000000/http://www.fsumonitor.com/stories/rellawyak.shtml |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> and made numerous statements in support of ].<ref name="appeal"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509163307/http://sutyagin.org/eng/archive/cat_media.shtml |date=2006-05-09 }}, November 15, 2005</ref>


As is traditional for Orthodox parish priests, Gleb Yakunin was married, and has three children: Maria, Alexander and Anna. As is traditional for Orthodox parish priests, Gleb Yakunin was married, and had three children: Maria, Alexander and Anna.


He died at the age of 80 after a long illness on 25 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://echo.msk.ru/news/1462340-echo.html|script-title=ru:В Москве скончался правозащитник, член Московской Хельсинкской группы Глеб Якунин|date=25 December 2014|publisher=]|language=Russian|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=WSJ150101>{{cite news |url= http://www.wsj.com/articles/father-yakunins-defiant-faith-1420155838 |title= Father Yakunin’s Defiant Faith |work= ] |date= 1 January 2015 }}</ref> He died at the age of 78 after a long illness on 25 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://echo.msk.ru/news/1462340-echo.html|script-title=ru:В Москве скончался правозащитник, член Московской Хельсинкской группы Глеб Якунин|date=25 December 2014|publisher=]|language=ru|access-date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=WSJ150101>{{cite news |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/father-yakunins-defiant-faith-1420155838 |title= Father Yakunin's Defiant Faith |work= ] |date= 1 January 2015 }}</ref>


==Writings== ==Writings==

⚫ * Gleb Yakunin, Lev Regelson: "Christians under communist rule: How Shall we Answer the Call?" Appeal at D. 5. Plenary assembly D. Ökumeni advice D. Churches. ''Faith in the Second World'', Küsnacht, 1978
===Books===
* Gleb Yakunin, Lev Regelson: ''Letters from Moscow: Religion and Human Rights in the USSR''. Keston College, Keston/San Francisco, 1978
* {{cite book|author1=Yakunin, Gleb |author2=Regelson, Lev |title=Letters from Moscow: religion and human rights in the USSR|date=1978|publisher=Keston College, Centre for the Study of Religion and Communism|location=Keston & San Francisco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCsQAQAAIAAJ}}
⚫ * Gleb Yakunin: ''O sovremennom polozhenii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi i perspektivakh religioznogo vozrozhdeniya Rossii: Doklad Khristianskomu Komitetu zashchitu prav veruyushchikh v SSSR''. Posev, Frankfurt am Main 1979
⚫ * {{cite book|author1=Yakunin, Gleb |author2=Regelson, Lev |title=Christians under communist rule: how shall we answer the call? Appeal at D. 5. Plenary assembly D. Ökumeni advice D. Churches. ''Faith in the Second World''|location=Küsnacht|date=1978}}
⚫ * Sergei Pushkarev, Vladimir Rusak, Gleb Yakunin: ''Christianity and Government in Russia and the Soviet Union: Reflections on the Millennium''. Westview press, Boulder/London 1989, ISBN 0-8133-7524-X
⚫ * {{cite book|author=Yakunin, Gleb|title=O sovremennom polozhenii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi i perspektivakh religioznogo vozrozhdeniya Rossii: Doklad Khristianskomu Komitetu zashchitu prav veruyushchikh v SSSR|date=1979|publisher=Posev|location=Frankfurt am Main}}
⚫ * {{cite book|author1=Pushkarev, Sergei |author2=Rusak, Vladimir |author3=Yakunin, Gleb |title=Christianity and government in Russia and the Soviet Union: reflections on the millennium|date=1989|publisher=Westview press|location=Boulder/London|isbn=978-0-8133-7524-3}}

===Articles and interviews===
* {{cite journal|author=Yakunin, Gleb|title=First open letter to Patriarch Aleksi II|journal=Religion, State and Society|date=January 1994|volume=22|issue=3|pages=311–316|doi=10.1080/09637499408431652}}
* {{cite journal|author=Yakunin, Gleb|title=Second open letter to Patriarch Aleksi II|journal=Religion, State and Society|date=January 1994|volume=22|issue=3|pages=320–321|doi=10.1080/09637499408431655}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Shafarevich, Igor |author2=Yakunin, Gleb |author3=Regelson, Lev |title=Fr. Dmitri Dudko: an eye-witness account|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=January 1976|volume=4|issue=2|pages=21–31|doi=10.1080/09637497608430763}}
* {{cite news|author=Масюк, Елена|script-title=ru:Священник Глеб ЯКУНИН: Патриарх Кирилл функцию КГБ взял как бы на себя|trans-title=Priest Gleb Yakunin: Patriarch Kirill took over as it were the KGB function|url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/61944.html|work=]|issue=9|date=29 January 2014|language=ru}}


==See also== ==See also==
Line 62: Line 67:
==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category}} {{Commons category}}

=== His writings === === His writings ===
* {{ru icon}} * {{in lang|ru}}
* {{ru icon}} * ] {{in lang|ru}}
* *


===Russian Orthodox Church=== ===Russian Orthodox Church===
* , Chapter 28, ''The Penetration and Persecution of the Soviet Churches'', 1999 * , Chapter 28, ''The Penetration and Persecution of the Soviet Churches'', 1999
* - by Victor Yasmann, RFE/RL, April 10, 2006. * - by Victor Yasmann, RFE/RL, April 10, 2006.
* , RFE/RL, September 7, 2006 * , RFE/RL, September 7, 2006
* *
* - by Keith Armes
* - by Leslie L. McGann
* - by Vladimir Moss * - by Vladimir Moss
* by Vladimir Moss * by Vladimir Moss
* - by Edmund W. Robb and Julia Robb, 1986 * {{usurped|1=}} - by Edmund W. Robb and Julia Robb, 1986
* - by Marat S. Shterin and James T. Richardson * - by Marat S. Shterin and James T. Richardson
* - by ''Russia Reform Monitor'' No. 584, February 11, 1999 * - by ''Russia Reform Monitor'' No. 584, February 11, 1999


===Other=== ===Other===
* and his * and his
* * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727211257/http://www.regels.org/humanright.htm |date=27 July 2011 }}
{{Soviet dissidents}} {{Soviet dissidents}}
{{Moscow Helsinki Group}} {{Moscow Helsinki Group}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
{{Portal bar|Russia|Soviet Union}}
| NAME = Yakunin, Gleb

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Soviet dissident
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 4, 1934
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 25, 2014
| PLACE OF DEATH = Moscow, Russia
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yakunin, Gleb}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yakunin, Gleb}}
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 00:58, 21 December 2024

Soviet-Russian Orthodox Christian priest and human rights activist In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Pavlovich and the family name is Yakunin.

Gleb Yakunin
Глеб Павлович Якунин
Gleb Yakunin at a pro-democracy rally in Moscow, November 2012
Member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia
In office
1990 – 12 December 1993
Succeeded byPosition abolished
(Himself as a member of the State Duma)
Member of the State Duma
In office
12 December 1993 – 17 December 1995
Preceded byPosition established
(Himself as a member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia)
Personal details
Born(1936-03-04)4 March 1936
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
(now Russia)
Died25 December 2014(2014-12-25) (aged 78)
Moscow, Russia
Political partyDemocratic Choice of Russia

Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin (Russian: Глеб Па́влович Яку́нин; 4 March 1936 – 25 December 2014) was a Russian priest and dissident, who fought for the principle of freedom of conscience in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, and was elected member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia and State Duma from 1990 to 1995.

Biography

The 1983 German poster reads: freedom for Gleb Yakunin

Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin was born into a musical family. He studied biology at Irkutsk Agricultural Institute. He converted from atheism to Eastern Orthodox Christianity at the end of the 1950s, after coming into contact with Alexander Men, and graduated from the Moscow Theological Seminary of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1959. In August 1962 he was ordained a priest and was appointed to the parish church in the city of Dmitrov, near Moscow.

Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an open letter in 1965 to the Patriarch of Moscow, Alexius I, where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a samizdat ("self-published", i.e., underground press). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius.

In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all religious denominations. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for anti-Soviet agitation on 28 August 1980. He was kept in the KGB Lefortovo prison until 1985, and then in a labor camp known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by involuntary settlement in the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Gleb Yakunin was given amnesty in March 1987 under Mikhail Gorbachev. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was rehabilitated in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country.

Gleb Yakunin was a member of the committee created for the investigation of the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 and chaired by Lev Ponomaryov, and thereby gained the access to secret KGB archives. In March 1992 he published materials about the cooperation between the Moscow Patriarchate and the KGB. He published code names of several KGB agents who held high-rank positions in the Russian Orthodox Church including Patriarch Alexius II, Metropolitans Filaret of Kyiv, Pitrim of Volokolamsk, and others. The Russian Orthodox Church defrocked Yakunin in 1993.

“Opening of monument to victims of political repressions”. Yakunin (center of the second row) performing a service for the victims of the Stalinist political repressions at Solovetsky Stone from the then Solovetsky special-purpose camp (the Solovetsky Monastery) set up in front of the KGB headquarters in Lubyanskaya Square, Moscow, on October 30, 1990.

Gleb Yakunin was one of the organizers of the Democratic Choice of Russia political alliance in 1993, prior to the opening of the Constituent Assembly of Russia called by the Russian president Boris Yeltsin. He became a State Duma delegate representing the party "Democratic Russia" in 1996. He created the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience in 1995. He criticized the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" adopted by the Duma and made numerous statements in support of human rights in Russia.

As is traditional for Orthodox parish priests, Gleb Yakunin was married, and had three children: Maria, Alexander and Anna.

He died at the age of 78 after a long illness on 25 December 2014.

Writings

Books

  • Yakunin, Gleb; Regelson, Lev (1978). Letters from Moscow: religion and human rights in the USSR. Keston & San Francisco: Keston College, Centre for the Study of Religion and Communism.
  • Yakunin, Gleb; Regelson, Lev (1978). Christians under communist rule: how shall we answer the call? Appeal at D. 5. Plenary assembly D. Ökumeni advice D. Churches. Faith in the Second World. Küsnacht.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Yakunin, Gleb (1979). O sovremennom polozhenii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi i perspektivakh religioznogo vozrozhdeniya Rossii: Doklad Khristianskomu Komitetu zashchitu prav veruyushchikh v SSSR. Frankfurt am Main: Posev.
  • Pushkarev, Sergei; Rusak, Vladimir; Yakunin, Gleb (1989). Christianity and government in Russia and the Soviet Union: reflections on the millennium. Boulder/London: Westview press. ISBN 978-0-8133-7524-3.

Articles and interviews

See also

References

  1. ^ "Father Yakunin's Defiant Faith". The Wall Street Journal. 1 January 2015.
  2. Sophia Kishkovsky (29 December 2014). "Gleb Yakunin, Russian Priest and Dissident, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  3. Declaration of the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience regarding the Russian State Duma's adoption of the draft of the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 20-06-97
  4. Father Gleb Yakunin: Religion Law is a Step Backward for Russia Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. Appeal of the Representatives of Russian Civil Society Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, November 15, 2005
  6. В Москве скончался правозащитник, член Московской Хельсинкской группы Глеб Якунин (in Russian). Echo of Moscow. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.

External links

His writings

Russian Orthodox Church

Other

Soviet dissidents
Moscow Helsinki Group
Chairs
Current executive director
Full members
Post-Soviet era
1976–1982
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