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{{Short description|Concubine of Sultan Bayezid II, and mother of Sultan Selim I}}
{{About|the consort of ]|the consort of ] and mother of Bayezid II |Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Bayezid II)}}
{{other uses|Gülbahar}} {{other uses|Gülbahar}}
{{family name hatnote|Gülbahar|Hatun||lang=Ottoman Turkish}}
{{Distinguish|Emine Gülbahar Hatun|Ayşe Hatun}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox royalty
|name = Gülbahar (Kül-Bahār) Hatun<br />گل بهار خاتون | name = Gülbahar Hatun
|image = Gulbahar Hatun Camii3.Jpg | image = Gulbahar Hatun Camii3.Jpg
|image_size = 255px | image_size = 255px
|caption = <small>The tomb of "Gülbahar Hatun" is located inside "Gülbahar Hatun Mosque" in ]</small> | caption = The tomb of "Gülbahar Hatun" is located inside "Gülbahar Hatun Mosque" in ]
|birth_name = ? | birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1453
|birth_date = {{circa}} (?)<ref name="Gül-Bahar"></ref>
|birth_place = ] | birth_place =
| death_date = {{circa}} {{death year and age|1505|1453|}}<ref name="Gül-Bahar">{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=g%C3%BClbahar|publisher=Oğlak publications|year=2008|page=135|isbn=978-975-329-623-6}}</ref>
|death_date = 19 November 1505{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} or 1510.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
|death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
⚫ | burial_place = ], ]
|death_cause =
| religion = ]
⚫ |resting_place = Gülbahar Hatun Camii, ]
| full name = {{langx|tr|Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun}} <br> {{langx|ota|عائشه گل بھار خاتون}}
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence = ], ] | spouse = ]
| spouse-type = Consort of
⚫ |ethnicity =
|religion = ] | issue = ]
⚫ | father =
|known_for = ] of ] ]<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/>
|spouse = ] | mother =
|partner =
|children = ]
|parents = The daughter of Abdu's-Samad<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/>
}} }}


'''Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun'''<ref name="Alaüddevle">'']''
'''Gülbahar Hatun'''<ref>Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları ''(Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications)'', 15th Ed., 2009, page 157, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2</ref> ({{lang-ota|گل بهار خاتون}}; {{circa}} ? – 19 November 1505), was the eighth<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/> wife of ] ] and the mother of Sultan ] of the ].<ref>Talha Uğurluel, ''Dünyaya Hükmeden Sultan ],'' Timaş Yayınları, 2. Printing, page 34, 2013, ISBN 978-605-08-0852-0</ref>
</ref><ref>], Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları ''(Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications)'', 15th Ed., 2009, page 157, {{ISBN|978-975-269-299-2}}</ref> ({{langx|ota|گل بهار خاتون|lit=''spring rose''}};<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rásonyi |first1=László |last2=Baski |first2=Imre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60JkAAAAMAAJ |title=Onomasticon Turcicum: Turkic Personal Names |date=2007 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-933070-56-1 |volume=1 |location=] |page=274 |language=en}}</ref> {{circa}} 1453 – {{circa}} 1505),<ref name="Gül-Bahar" /> was a concubine of Sultan ] and the mother of Sultan ] of the ] and the grandmother of Sultan ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ahmed Akgündüz, Said Öztürk|title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-90-90-26108-9}}</ref>

== Names ==
One of the oldest references ''Cenabî History'' gives her name as ''Ayşe Hatun''. According to ''Sicill-i Osmanî'' her name is ''Gülbahar Hatun,'' while ''Alderson'' gives her name as ''Ayşe Hatun,'' as well.<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/>


== Origins == == Origins ==
Although long confused or mistaken with the namesake ], daughter of ], the eleventh ruler of the ], this version, based on tradition, has been debunked by archivals and documentals evidences, which has proved that the princess Ayşe Hatun and the concubine Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun were two different consorts of Bayezid II and that the second was ]'s mother.<ref name="ayşe">{{cite book |author=Necdet Sakaoğlu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=%C3%82i%C5%9Fe+h%C3%A2tun |title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler |publisher=Oğlak publications |year=2008 |isbn=978-975-329-623-6 |page=136 |author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu}} </ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1280/yavuz-sultan-selim-han.html | title=Yavuz Sultan Selim Han | publisher=] | access-date=2009-02-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417154618/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1280/yavuz-sultan-selim-han.html | archive-date=2011-04-17 | url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari-5-218.html|title=Mother Of Yavuz Sultan Selim|publisher=Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208222009/http://www.osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari-5-218.html|archive-date=2010-12-08}}{{cite book|title=Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Trabzonlu simalar ve Trabzon'un köklü aileleri|url=https://books.google.com/books?HYYXAQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Mehmet Akif Bal|isbn=978-975-00451-0-3}}{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?ECpRAQAAIAAJ | title=Yakın Çağda Kahramanmaraş | publisher=Ukde | year=2009 | isbn=978-605-5602-05-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?lA9NAQAAIAAJ | title=Zamanın İskenderi şarkın Fatihi: Yavuz Sultan Selim | publisher=Yitik Hazine Yayınları | year=2010 | isbn=978-9944-766-24-1}}{{cite book|title=VII-XVI. asırlarda Maraş emirleri: emir, melik, bey, senyör, beylerbeyi, sancakbeyi|url=https://books.google.com/books?nq43AQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Ukde|isbn=978-605-89971-0-3}}{{cite book|title=Amasya|url=https://books.google.com/books?NjpIAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Amasya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası}}{{citation |last=Dijkema|first=F.TH|year=1977|title=The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne|publisher=BRILL|page=32|isbn=90-04-05062-0}}</ref><ref name="gülbahar">{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=%C3%82i%C5%9Fe+H%C3%A2tun+binti|publisher=Oğlak publications|year=2008|page=136|isbn=978-975-329-623-6}} (''Gülbahar binti Abdüssamed'' was the ] ]'s eighth wife who had been sent to join his son ], the governor of ]).</ref>
There have been two theories:


* According to the first theory, she was the daughter of an ] turned to Turk.<ref>http://books.google.al/books?id=Cy0OAQAAMAAJ</ref> The Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as ''Hātun binti Abd-us-Samed (Daughter of Abd-us-Samed),'' Abdu's-Samad<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/> which proves her father was an Albanian who had "turned Turk", that is converted to Islam and joined the Turkish ]. ''Abd-us-Samed,'' Abdu's-Samad<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/> meaning ''Servant of God'', was the ] that was applied to many Balkan and Anatolian Christians who converted to Islam in the classical Ottoman period.<ref name="Gül-Bahar"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enfal.de/otarih44.htm|title=Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans (in Turkish)|publisher = Ottoman Web Page}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony Dolphin Alerson|title=The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty|url=http://books.google.com/books?u75BAAAAYAAJ|year=1956|publisher=Clarendon Press}}</ref> She was the eighth wife of ] ] and died in 1510. The discovery of inscriptions (''vakfiye'') and others documents where she was called ''Ayşe Gülbahar bint Abdüllah'' proves that she had christian slave origins, since this is the traditional formula by which slaves converted to Islam were indicated.<ref name="gülbahar" /><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.enfal.de/otarih44.htm|title=Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans (in Turkish)|publisher = Ottoman Web Page}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|author=Anthony Dolphin Alderson|title=The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wj64AAAAIAAJ&q=The+Structure+of+the+Ottoman+Dynasty|year=1956|publisher=Clarendon Press}}</ref><ref name="leslie" /> However, there are multiple theories as to what her ethnic origin is.
* According to the second theory she was the daughter of '']'', the eleventh ruler of the ] centered around ] in '']''. Her real name was ''Ayşe'' and was renamed ''Gül-Bahar'' after her marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1280/yavuz-sultan-selim-han.html|title=Yavuz Sultan Selim Han|accessdate=2009-02-06|
publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
http://www.osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari-5-218.html|title=Mother Of Yavuz Sultan Selim|publisher=Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı ''(Ottoman Research Foundation)''}}</ref><ref name="leslie"/><ref>{{citation |last=Dijkema|first=F.TH|year=1977|title=The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne|place=|publisher=BRILL|page=32|isbn=9004050620}}</ref> She was the fourth wife of ] ] and died in 1505.


She is occasionally referred to as Albanian, but is believed by most historians that she was a ] from the village of Vayvara (south of ]).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Manastırlar|url=http://www.macka.gov.tr/manastirlar|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.macka.gov.tr|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahadıroğlu |first=Yavuz |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/235010971 |title=Resimli Osmanlı tarihi |date=2007 |publisher=Nesil yayınları |isbn=978-975-269-299-2 |edition= |location=İstanbul |pages=157 |oclc=235010971}}</ref><ref name="leslie" />
The two theories have been a matter of debate between historians. The second theory is rejected and now there is consensus between scholars she was of Albanian origin.<ref>{{citation |last=Bozbora|first=Nuray|year=1997|title=Osmanlı yönetiminde Arnavutluk ve Arnavut ulusçuluğu'nun gelişimi|page=60}}</ref>


== Life == == Life ==
Bayezid married her in 1469 at ]. When Bayezid was still a şehzade ("Ottoman prince") and the governor of Amasya sanjak when she gave birth to ] in 1470. When Mehmed the Conqueror died in 1481, Bayezid moved to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, along with his family to ascend the throne. She entered in Bayezid's harem around 1469 at ]. When Bayezid was still a ] and the governor of Amasya sanjak when she gave birth to ] in 1470.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} When Mehmed the Conqueror died in 1481, Bayezid moved to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, along with his family to ascend the throne.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}


According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors (Sanjak-bey) as a part of their training.<ref name="leslie">{{cite book|author=Leslie P. Peirce|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=106–107|isbn=978-0-195-08677-5}}</ref> Mothers of princes were responsible for the proper behaviour of their sons in their provincial posts.<ref name="leslie"/> In 1495 was sent to Trabzon sanjak and Gülbahar accompanied him. According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors (Sanjak-bey) as a part of their training.<ref name="leslie">{{cite book|author=Leslie P. Peirce|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=106–107|isbn=978-0-19-508677-5}}</ref> Mothers of princes were responsible for the proper behaviour of their sons in their provincial posts.<ref name="leslie"/> In 1495 was sent to Trabzon sanjak and then in 1511 to Samandıra, and Gülbahar accompanied him.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}


However, she herself never became recognized as a ] because she died on 19 November 1505 before Selim's accession to the sultanate.<ref></ref> However, she herself never became recognized as a ] because she died in 1505 before Selim's accession to the throne.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Her tomb is located in Gülbahar Hatun Mosque, ].<ref name="leslie"/> It was built in 1514 in honour of his mother and was restored in 1885.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}


== Issue ==
=== Her tomb at the Gülbahar-Ayşe Hatun Mosque ===
By Bayezid II, Gülbahar had a son:
Her tomb is located in Gülbahar Hatun Camii in ], ].<ref name="leslie"/> It was built in 1514 in honour of his mother and was restored in 1885.<ref></ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
* ] (1470 - 1520). He became sultan after dethroning his father and defeating his half-brothers ] and ].
File:Gulbahar Hatun Camii1.jpg|Interior view of Gülbahar Hatun Mosque located in ], ].
File:Gulbahar Hatun camii4.jpg|Entrance.
File:Gulbahar Hatun Camii5.jpg|The dome.
File:Gulbahar Hatun Camii6.jpg|Courtyard.
File:Gulbahar Hatun Camii2.jpg|] area.
</gallery>


==See also== ==See also==
⚫ *]
*] *]
*]
*] *]
*] (simplified) *]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|40em}}


{{Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans}} {{Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans}}


{{Persondata
|NAME=Gülbahar Sultan-Ayşe Hatun
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Wife of Sultan ]
|DATE OF BIRTH=c. 1453
|PLACE OF BIRTH=]
|DATE OF DEATH=c. 1510
|PLACE OF DEATH=]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulbahar Hatun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gulbahar Hatun}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
⚫ ]
]

Latest revision as of 22:23, 26 December 2024

Concubine of Sultan Bayezid II, and mother of Sultan Selim I This article is about the consort of Bayezid II. For the consort of Mehmed II and mother of Bayezid II, see Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Bayezid II). For other uses, see Gülbahar. In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Gülbahar, the title is Hatun, and there is no family name.
Gülbahar Hatun
The tomb of "Gülbahar Hatun" is located inside "Gülbahar Hatun Mosque" in Trabzon
Bornc. 1453
Diedc. 1505 (aged 51–52)
Trabzon, Ottoman Empire
BurialGülbahar Hatun Camii, Trabzon
Consort ofBayezid II
IssueSelim I
Names
Turkish: Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun
Ottoman Turkish: عائشه گل بھار خاتون
ReligionSunni Islam

Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: گل بهار خاتون, lit. 'spring rose'; c. 1453 – c. 1505), was a concubine of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and the grandmother of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

Names

One of the oldest references Cenabî History gives her name as Ayşe Hatun. According to Sicill-i Osmanî her name is Gülbahar Hatun, while Alderson gives her name as Ayşe Hatun, as well.

Origins

Although long confused or mistaken with the namesake Ayşe Hatun, daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey, the eleventh ruler of the Dulkadirids, this version, based on tradition, has been debunked by archivals and documentals evidences, which has proved that the princess Ayşe Hatun and the concubine Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun were two different consorts of Bayezid II and that the second was Selim I's mother.

The discovery of inscriptions (vakfiye) and others documents where she was called Ayşe Gülbahar bint Abdüllah proves that she had christian slave origins, since this is the traditional formula by which slaves converted to Islam were indicated. However, there are multiple theories as to what her ethnic origin is.

She is occasionally referred to as Albanian, but is believed by most historians that she was a Pontic Greek from the village of Vayvara (south of Sumela Monastery).

Life

She entered in Bayezid's harem around 1469 at Amasya. When Bayezid was still a şehzade and the governor of Amasya sanjak when she gave birth to Selim I in 1470. When Mehmed the Conqueror died in 1481, Bayezid moved to Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, along with his family to ascend the throne.

According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors (Sanjak-bey) as a part of their training. Mothers of princes were responsible for the proper behaviour of their sons in their provincial posts. In 1495 was sent to Trabzon sanjak and then in 1511 to Samandıra, and Gülbahar accompanied him.

However, she herself never became recognized as a Valide Hatun because she died in 1505 before Selim's accession to the throne. Her tomb is located in Gülbahar Hatun Mosque, Trabzon. It was built in 1514 in honour of his mother and was restored in 1885.

Issue

By Bayezid II, Gülbahar had a son:

  • Selim I (1470 - 1520). He became sultan after dethroning his father and defeating his half-brothers Ahmed and Korkut.

See also

References

  1. ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 135. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6.
  2. Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol: 36, pages: 407–414, 2009 (Âişe Hâtun was the daughter of Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey)
  3. Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 157, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
  4. Rásonyi, László; Baski, Imre (2007). Onomasticon Turcicum: Turkic Personal Names. Vol. 1. Bloomington, Indiana: Denis Sinor Institute for Inner Asian Studies. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-933070-56-1.
  5. Ahmed Akgündüz, Said Öztürk (2011). Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9.
  6. Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6.
  7. "Yavuz Sultan Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 2011-04-17. Retrieved 2009-02-06."Mother Of Yavuz Sultan Selim". Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation). Archived from the original on 2010-12-08.Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Trabzonlu simalar ve Trabzon'un köklü aileleri. Mehmet Akif Bal. 2005. ISBN 978-975-00451-0-3.Yakın Çağda Kahramanmaraş. Ukde. 2009. ISBN 978-605-5602-05-5.
  8. Zamanın İskenderi şarkın Fatihi: Yavuz Sultan Selim. Yitik Hazine Yayınları. 2010. ISBN 978-9944-766-24-1.VII-XVI. asırlarda Maraş emirleri: emir, melik, bey, senyör, beylerbeyi, sancakbeyi. Ukde. 2008. ISBN 978-605-89971-0-3.Amasya. Amasya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası. 1997.Dijkema, F.TH (1977), The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne, BRILL, p. 32, ISBN 90-04-05062-0
  9. ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. p. 136. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. (Gülbahar binti Abdüssamed was the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II's eighth wife who had been sent to join his son Selim I, the governor of Trebizond Eyalet).
  10. "Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans (in Turkish)". Ottoman Web Page.
  11. Anthony Dolphin Alderson (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
  12. ^ Leslie P. Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
  13. "Manastırlar". www.macka.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  14. Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz (2007). Resimli Osmanlı tarihi ( ed.). İstanbul: Nesil yayınları. p. 157. ISBN 978-975-269-299-2. OCLC 235010971.
Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans
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