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{{short description|Welsh term for homesickness tinged with sadness or a sense of loss}}
{{Infobox Film | name = Hiraeth
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{lang|cy|Hiraeth|nocat=y}}}}
| image = Frame 21192.jpg
{{Wiktionary|hiraeth}}
| caption = Frame 21192
| director = ]
| producer = ]
| music = Côr Meibion y Traeth
| cinematography = ]
| editing = ]
| distributor = ] (DVD)
| released = ]
| runtime = 15 min.
| language = no dialogue
}}
==Hiraeth==


'''{{lang|cy|Hiraeth}}''' ({{IPA|cy|hɪraɨ̯θ, hiːrai̯θ}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geiriadur.net/sain/hiraeth.mp3 |title=How to pronounce ''hiraeth'' |publisher=geiriadur.net}}</ref>) is a ] word that has no direct English translation. The ], likens it to a ] tinged with grief and sadness over the lost or departed, especially in the context of Wales and Welsh culture.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hiraeth|url=http://www.geiriadur.net/index.php?page=ateb&term=Hiraeth&direction=we&type=all&whichpart=exact|work=Geiriadur Welsh–English / English–Welsh On-line Dictionary |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |accessdate=2017-04-16 }}</ref> It is a mixture of longing, yearning, nostalgia, wistfulness or an earnest desire for the Wales of the past.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boynton |first=Jessica |title=Hiraeth |url=http://people.emich.edu/jboynton/research/welsh.html |publisher=Eastern Michigan University |accessdate=June 21, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912151902/http://people.emich.edu/jboynton/research/welsh.html |archivedate=September 12, 2006 }}</ref>


The ] and ] equivalents are {{lang|kw|hireth}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cornishdictionary.org.uk/#hireth |title=Gerlyver Kernewek &#124; |publisher=www.cornishdictionary.org.uk}}</ref> and {{lang|br|hiraezh}}. It is associated with the Amharic-Ethiopian concept of {{Lang|am|]}}, the German concept of {{Lang|de|]}}, the Galician-Portuguese {{lang|pt|]}} or the Romanian {{lang|ro|dor}}.<ref name="BBC2021">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20210214-the-welsh-word-you-cant-translate |title=The untranslatable word that connects Wales |first=Lily |last=Crossley-Baxter |publisher=BBC |date=15 February 2021 |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref> A similar ] term, ''cianalas'', also refers to a type of longing or homesickness, often used in relation to the Outer Hebrides.
The title '''Hiraeth''' is a Welsh word that has no direct English translation, an approximation would be longing, the yearning for home. The title, the visuals and the music were all part of one original thought and idea, where the focus on one aspect was intrinsically tied to the others in an amorphous matrix of feelings.


==Etymology==
The visual footage is of a locked-off shot of a view looking out to sea through a window in a house situated on a hillside in ]. Over a period of 24 hours, every two hours, eight minutes of film was taken. This was then edited down to fifteen minutes in length; the result is a continually changing landscape, the progression of change being barely discernable. (similar to watching the minute hand on a clock)
Derived from {{wikt-lang|cy|hir}} 'long' and {{wikt-lang|cy|-aeth}} (a nominal suffix creating an abstract noun from an adjective), the word is literally equivalent to English 'longing'. A less likely, but possible, etymology is {{wikt-lang|cy|hir}} 'long' + {{wikt-lang|cy|aeth}} 'pain, grief, sorrow, longing'. In the earliest citations in early ] it implies 'grief or longing after the loss or death of someone'.<ref>University of Wales Dictionary, s.v. 'hiraeth'</ref>


==Culture==
The content of the visual image is intended to work on many levels, primarily an ever-changing snapshot that invites the viewer to take time to ‘sit and stare’ and to absorb the beauty of all the elements, and how their respective scales of change alter the fixed image and our emotive responses to them.
Nineteenth-century attempts to spread the English language through its exclusive use in schools at the expense of the ], following the 1847 Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales (commonly known as the "]" in Wales), led to an increase in {{lang|cy|hiraeth}}.<ref name=BBC2021/> Between 1870 and 1914, approximately 40% of ] returned to Wales, a much higher percentage than the rest of Britain, and it has been claimed that this was due to {{lang|cy|hiraeth}}.<ref name=BBC2021/>
]
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]
Translations:
]
''{{Lang|cy|Hiraeth}}'' overlaps with the ] concept of ''{{lang|pt|]}}'' (a key theme in ] music), ] ''{{lang|gl|morriña}}'', ] ''{{lang|ast|señardá}}'', ] ''{{lang|ro|dor}}'', ] ''{{lang|gd|cianalas}}'', ] ''{{lang|ru-Latn|toska}}'' ({{lang|ru|тоска}}), ] ''{{lang|de|Sehnsucht}}'' and ]n ''{{lang|am-Latn|]}}'' ({{lang|am|ትዝታ}}). {{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
]
-->
<br style="clear: left"/>


==See also==
For example, the petunia in the foreground is both interesting in scale, movement and structural fragility. There is a similarity of the relationship between this small insignificant flower and the massiveness of the sea and sky to that of mankind and the world at large. The speed and erraticness of the movement of the flower head responding to the eddying wind currents is similar to the way mankind reacts to the ever increasing pressures of his own making in the form of ephemeral social systems that come and go and are as invisible as the wind itself, and largely go unnoticed by in the relatively timeless scale of the history of the sea and the sky. It is also a symbol of mankind’s presence within the overall scheme of things, as are the tired looking roses and other domestic garden plants in the near foreground, and hence the comparison to structural fragility.
{{Portal|Wales|Cornwall}}
The fields and the trees in the near to middle distance illustrate another level of scale, although each blade of grass and every leaf is responding to the wind as is the petunia, because of the distance from the viewpoint of the human eye, all that can be seen is a much gentler overall action, a resultant of all the parts, which to the casual viewer doesn’t truly represent the actual magnitude of scale. The detail is not considered because it cannot be seen.
* ]
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== Notes ==
Analogies of this type can be applied to all the other aspects and natural phenomena within the continually changing land-sea-sky-scape. The relentless power of the rising and falling tide, the power of the unseen wind and pressure illustrating their presence in the movement of the changing cloud patterns and cover, which in turn dictate the levels of ambient light and temperature.
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}


===Bibliography ===
The sound track consists of three songs, ], ], an excerpt from Wrth Afonydd Babilon sung by the Welsh male voice choir Côr Meibion y Traeth, with two short intentionally quiet, digitally treated piano sections, that complement the vocals and evoke the sentiments of the title and draw the viewer into the overall mood of the work.
* {{cite book|last=Williams |first=Robert|year=1865|url=https://archive.org/details/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft/mode/2up |title=Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English|publisher=London: Trubner & Co}}


⚫ == External links ==
Hiraeth was premiered at the Cardiff Film Festival in 2005, and was exhibited in Galeri Caernarfon as part of the 2005 Harlech Biennale.
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{{Emotion-footer}}
⚫ ==External links==
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Latest revision as of 01:37, 1 September 2024

Welsh term for homesickness tinged with sadness or a sense of loss

Hiraeth (Welsh pronunciation: [hɪraɨ̯θ, hiːrai̯θ]) is a Welsh word that has no direct English translation. The University of Wales, Lampeter, likens it to a homesickness tinged with grief and sadness over the lost or departed, especially in the context of Wales and Welsh culture. It is a mixture of longing, yearning, nostalgia, wistfulness or an earnest desire for the Wales of the past.

The Cornish and Breton equivalents are hireth and hiraezh. It is associated with the Amharic-Ethiopian concept of tizita, the German concept of Sehnsucht, the Galician-Portuguese saudade or the Romanian dor. A similar Scottish Gaelic term, cianalas, also refers to a type of longing or homesickness, often used in relation to the Outer Hebrides.

Etymology

Derived from hir 'long' and -aeth (a nominal suffix creating an abstract noun from an adjective), the word is literally equivalent to English 'longing'. A less likely, but possible, etymology is hir 'long' + aeth 'pain, grief, sorrow, longing'. In the earliest citations in early Welsh poetry it implies 'grief or longing after the loss or death of someone'.

Culture

Nineteenth-century attempts to spread the English language through its exclusive use in schools at the expense of the Welsh language, following the 1847 Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales (commonly known as the "Treachery of the Blue Books" in Wales), led to an increase in hiraeth. Between 1870 and 1914, approximately 40% of Welsh emigrants returned to Wales, a much higher percentage than the rest of Britain, and it has been claimed that this was due to hiraeth.

See also

Notes

Citations

  1. "How to pronounce hiraeth". geiriadur.net.
  2. "Hiraeth". Geiriadur Welsh–English / English–Welsh On-line Dictionary. University of Wales Trinity Saint David. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
  3. Boynton, Jessica. "Hiraeth". Eastern Michigan University. Archived from the original on September 12, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
  4. "Gerlyver Kernewek |". www.cornishdictionary.org.uk.
  5. ^ Crossley-Baxter, Lily (15 February 2021). "The untranslatable word that connects Wales". BBC. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  6. University of Wales Dictionary, s.v. 'hiraeth'

Bibliography

External links

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