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{{Short description|Market town in Warwickshire, England}}
'''Coleshill''' is a town in the ] district of ], ]. It has a population of around 10,000. Coleshill is next to the border with the ] just outside ].
{{refimprove|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = England
| official_name = Coleshill
| coordinates = {{coord|52.499|-1.708|display=inline,title}}
| civil_parish = Coleshill
| population = 6,900
| population_ref = (2021 Census)
| shire_district = ]
| shire_county = ]
| region = West Midlands
| constituency_westminster = ]
| post_town = BIRMINGHAM
| postcode_district = B46
| postcode_area = B
| dial_code = 01675
| os_grid_reference = SP2089
| static_image_2_name = ]
| static_image_2_caption = High Street
| static_image_name = Coleshill, Warwickshire skyline.jpg
| static_image_caption = Seen from the northwest with the ] in view
}}
'''Coleshill''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|z|ɪ|l}} {{respell|KOH|zil}}) is a ] and ] in the ] district of ], England, taking its name from the ], on which it stands. It had a population of 6,900 in the ],<ref name="CPpar">{{cite web |title=COLESHILL Parish in West Midlands |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/westmidlands/admin/north_warwickshire/E04009636__coleshill/ |publisher=City Population |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> and is situated {{convert|11|mi|km}} east of ], {{convert|8.5|mi|km}} southeast of ], {{convert|11|mi|km}} south of ], {{convert|13|mi|km}} northwest of ] by road and 13 miles (21km) west of ]. It borders the parish village of ] in the ] to the west. It is also home to the 502 year ] seated next to the dual carriageway.


==Geography==
Coleshill dates back to ] times, but became important as a staging-post upon the ] road from ] to ]. At one point there were over over twenty inns in the town.
Coleshill is located on a ridge between the rivers ] and ] which converge to the north with the ]. It is adjacent to the border with ] county, and is just outside ].<ref name="Allen">{{cite book|last1=Geoff|first1=Allen|title=Warwickshire Towns & Villages|date=2000|publisher=Sigma Press|isbn=1-85058-642-X|pages=42–43}}</ref>


===Climate===
The town is close to the ] and ]s.


{{Weather box
==External Link==
| width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Coleshill (1991–2020)
| Jan high C = 7.3
| Feb high C = 8.0
| Mar high C = 10.5
| Apr high C = 13.5
| May high C = 16.6
| Jun high C = 19.6
| Jul high C = 22.0
| Aug high C = 21.5
| Sep high C = 18.6
| Oct high C = 14.2
| Nov high C = 10.2
| Dec high C = 7.6
| year high C = 14.2
| Jan low C = 1.7
| Feb low C = 1.7
| Mar low C = 2.9
| Apr low C = 4.4
| May low C = 7.1
| Jun low C = 10.0
| Jul low C = 12.0
| Aug low C = 12.0
| Sep low C = 10.0
| Oct low C = 7.3
| Nov low C = 4.2
| Dec low C = 2.0
| year low C = 6.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 63.6
| Feb rain mm = 47.0
| Mar rain mm = 46.6
| Apr rain mm = 48.1
| May rain mm = 53.8
| Jun rain mm = 64.9
| Jul rain mm = 52.9
| Aug rain mm = 66.2
| Sep rain mm = 58.1
| Oct rain mm = 72.8
| Nov rain mm = 69.6
| Dec rain mm = 64.7
| year rain mm = 708.2
| unit rain days = 1 mm
| Jan rain days = 12.4
| Feb rain days = 9.8
| Mar rain days = 9.9
| Apr rain days = 10.1
| May rain days = 9.8
| Jun rain days = 9.6
| Jul rain days = 8.9
| Aug rain days = 10.5
| Sep rain days = 9.6
| Oct rain days = 11.6
| Nov rain days = 13.0
| Dec rain days = 11.7
| year rain days = 127.1
| Jan sun = 55.1
| Feb sun = 72.0
| Mar sun = 116.7
| Apr sun = 147.1
| May sun = 193.3
| Jun sun = 192.6
| Jul sun = 194.0
| Aug sun = 170.7
| Sep sun = 130.7
| Oct sun = 100.2
| Nov sun = 66.2
| Dec sun = 62.6
| year sun = 1501.2
| source 1 = ]<ref name="Met Office normals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcqf99dn5
|title = Coleshill (Warwickshire) UK climate averages - Met Office
|publisher = Met Office
|access-date = July 21, 2024}}</ref>
}}


==History==
*
Coleshill began life in the ], before the ] conquest of 43{{nbsp}}AD at the ], north of the River Cole. Evidence of ]s were found by archaeologists at the end of the 1970s. These excavations showed that throughout the Roman period there was a Romano-Celtic temple on Grimstock Hill. It had developed over the earlier Iron Age huts and had gone through at least three phases of development. The area was at the junction of two powerful ]ic Tribes – the ''Coritanii'' to the east from ], and to the west the '']'' from ]. In the post Roman or Arthurian period (The ]), the nucleus of Coleshill moved about a kilometre to the south, to the top of the hill. Here the present church is set and the ] town developed around it.

By 1066 the town was a Royal ] held by King ] and is recorded in the ] of 1086 as land held by ] and the site of the court for the ancient ] of Coleshill.<ref></ref> In 1284/5 John de Clinton, elder, was granted Coleshill Manor by King ], and claimed by prescription within the lordship of Coleshill, ] of bread and ale, gallows, pillory, tumbrell and court leet, infangthef and utfangthef, a ], ], and free warren. He died in 1316. His heir was his 12-year-old grandson, John, who subsequently married a daughter of Sir Roger Hilary, and died in 1353 or 1354 leaving one daughter Joan. She had as her first husband Sir ], illegitimate son of Sir ] of ].

Coleshill Manor then passed to this branch of Sir ] who moated the ]s at Coleshill and ]. King ] granted Coleshill Manor and its lands to ] in 1496 following the execution and forfeiture of Sir Simon de Montford for supporting the rebellion of ]. The (Wingfield-Digby) family descendants still hold the titles. Coleshill village was granted a ] by ] in 1207, alongside ], ] and ]. During the era of ] and the ]s, Coleshill became important as a major ] on the coaching roads from ] to ], Liverpool and ]. At one point there were over twenty inns in the town. The Coleshill to ] Turnpike dates from 1743.

==Notable buildings==
]
Many former coaching inns remain in Coleshill, mostly along the High Street and Coventry Road. One of the most notable buildings in the town is the parish's ] at the top of the Market Square. It has a 52-metre (170&nbsp;ft) high ], one of the finest in Warwickshire, dating from the 13th century. Inside there is a 12th-century ] of Norman origin, which is one of the finest examples in the country. There are also medieval table tombs with ] of knights, including John de Clinton. Just outside the south door are the preserved remains of a medieval cross.

Church Street is the location of the town's ] and whipping post, which were last used in 1863.<ref>{{cite web |title=COLESHILL PILLORY |url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/catalogue_her/coleshill-pillory |publisher=Our Warwickshire |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> A bronze sculpture by ] in the High Street shows three themes of the town's origins: a stagecoach wheel, a visiting circus elephant and the creation of the ] brand by ].

==Transport==
]]]
The town is close to the ], ] and ]s. It is on Junction 4 of the M6, with ] at Junction 6, ] J5, ], ] and ] North at J3 and Coventry East at Junction 2. The town is connected to East Birmingham by the B4114 Road which subsequently creates a road connection into Birmingham City Centre. There is also a route to Coventry via the ], which becomes the ] just before the ] junction at ]. Upon reaching the Western edge of Coventry, it is necessary to follow the A4114 road which now takes you to the city centre ring road ] after the A45 was diverted to run south of Coventry acting as a ].

Two regular bus routes serve the town. The X13 (previously called X70) passes through Coleshill between ] and ] operated by ]. The 76 passes through between ] and ] operated by ].

The town is served by ], which reopened in 2007, on the site of the previous Coleshill station, which had closed in 1968. It is on the ] and is served half hourly by ] as part of their service between ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Historically the town was also served by ] on the ] which closed in 1917 and Coleshill railway station, originally named Forge Mills, which closed in 1968. As a result until 2007, the town's nearest railway station was at ], some {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} to the north-west.

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by ] and ]. Television signals are received from the ] TV transmitter. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sutton_Coldfield|title=Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=26 December 2023}}</ref> The town is served by both ] on 95.6 FM and ] on 94.8 FM. Other radio stations received in the town are ] on 100.7 FM, ] on 105.7 FM, ] on 96.2 FM, ] on 105.2 FM, and ] on 97.0 FM. The town is served by local newspapers, ''Leamington Courier'' and ''Warwick Courier''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/leamington-courier/|title=Leamington Courier|date=14 January 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=28 December 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/warwick-courier/|title=Warwick Courier|date=4 June 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=28 December 2023}}</ref>

==Twin Town==
Coleshill has been ] with ] near ] in ] since 1983.

==Education==
*]
*Coleshill ] ]
*St Edwards ] Primary School
*High Meadow Community School ]
*Woodland ]

==Notable people from Coleshill==
* Reverend ] (1820–1885), a curate and archaeologist
* ], farmer and politician (passed in 2023)
* ] (1819–1893), cricketer

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons}}

==External links==
*
*
* at British History Online
* at Our Warwickshire
{{Warwickshire}}

{{authority control}}

]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 17:46, 2 December 2024

Market town in Warwickshire, England
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Human settlement in England
Coleshill
Seen from the northwest with the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in view
High Street, Coleshill - geograph.org.uk - 2386742High Street
Coleshill is located in WarwickshireColeshillColeshillLocation within Warwickshire
Population6,900 (2021 Census)
OS grid referenceSP2089
Civil parish
  • Coleshill
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBIRMINGHAM
Postcode districtB46
Dialling code01675
PoliceWarwickshire
FireWarwickshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Warwickshire
52°29′56″N 1°42′29″W / 52.499°N 1.708°W / 52.499; -1.708

Coleshill (/ˈkoʊzɪl/ KOH-zil) is a market town and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England, taking its name from the River Cole, on which it stands. It had a population of 6,900 in the 2021 Census, and is situated 11 miles (18 km) east of Birmingham, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southeast of Sutton Coldfield, 11 miles (18 km) south of Tamworth, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Coventry by road and 13 miles (21km) west of Nuneaton. It borders the parish village of Kingshurst in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull to the west. It is also home to the 502 year The Coleshill School seated next to the dual carriageway.

Geography

Coleshill is located on a ridge between the rivers Cole and Blythe which converge to the north with the River Tame. It is adjacent to the border with West Midlands county, and is just outside Birmingham.

Climate

Climate data for Coleshill (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.0
(71.6) 		21.5
(70.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.6
(45.7) 		14.2
(57.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		2.9
(37.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		12.0
(53.6) 		12.0
(53.6) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.3
(45.1) 		4.2
(39.6) 		2.0
(35.6) 		6.3
(43.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 63.6
(2.50) 		47.0
(1.85) 		46.6
(1.83) 		48.1
(1.89) 		53.8
(2.12) 		64.9
(2.56) 		52.9
(2.08) 		66.2
(2.61) 		58.1
(2.29) 		72.8
(2.87) 		69.6
(2.74) 		64.7
(2.55) 		708.2
(27.88)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 12.4 9.8 9.9 10.1 9.8 9.6 8.9 10.5 9.6 11.6 13.0 11.7 127.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 55.1 72.0 116.7 147.1 193.3 192.6 194.0 170.7 130.7 100.2 66.2 62.6 1,501.2
Source: Met Office

History

Coleshill began life in the Iron Age, before the Roman conquest of 43 AD at the Grimstock Hill Romano-British settlement, north of the River Cole. Evidence of hut circles were found by archaeologists at the end of the 1970s. These excavations showed that throughout the Roman period there was a Romano-Celtic temple on Grimstock Hill. It had developed over the earlier Iron Age huts and had gone through at least three phases of development. The area was at the junction of two powerful Celtic Tribes – the Coritanii to the east from Leicester, and to the west the Cornovii from Viroconium Cornoviorum. In the post Roman or Arthurian period (The Dark Ages), the nucleus of Coleshill moved about a kilometre to the south, to the top of the hill. Here the present church is set and the medieval town developed around it.

By 1066 the town was a Royal Manor held by King Edward the Confessor and is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as land held by William the Conqueror and the site of the court for the ancient hundred of Coleshill. In 1284/5 John de Clinton, elder, was granted Coleshill Manor by King Henry II, and claimed by prescription within the lordship of Coleshill, Assize of bread and ale, gallows, pillory, tumbrell and court leet, infangthef and utfangthef, a market, fair, and free warren. He died in 1316. His heir was his 12-year-old grandson, John, who subsequently married a daughter of Sir Roger Hilary, and died in 1353 or 1354 leaving one daughter Joan. She had as her first husband Sir John of Montfort, illegitimate son of Sir Peter de Montfort of Beaudesert.

Coleshill Manor then passed to this branch of Sir Simon de Montford who moated the manor houses at Coleshill and Kingshurst. King Henry VII granted Coleshill Manor and its lands to Simon Digby in 1496 following the execution and forfeiture of Sir Simon de Montford for supporting the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck. The (Wingfield-Digby) family descendants still hold the titles. Coleshill village was granted a market charter by King John in 1207, alongside Liverpool, Leek and Great Yarmouth. During the era of stagecoach and the turnpike trusts, Coleshill became important as a major staging post on the coaching roads from London to Chester, Liverpool and Holyhead. At one point there were over twenty inns in the town. The Coleshill to Lichfield Turnpike dates from 1743.

Notable buildings

Church of St Peter and St Paul

Many former coaching inns remain in Coleshill, mostly along the High Street and Coventry Road. One of the most notable buildings in the town is the parish's Church of St Peter and St Paul at the top of the Market Square. It has a 52-metre (170 ft) high steeple, one of the finest in Warwickshire, dating from the 13th century. Inside there is a 12th-century font of Norman origin, which is one of the finest examples in the country. There are also medieval table tombs with effigies of knights, including John de Clinton. Just outside the south door are the preserved remains of a medieval cross.

Church Street is the location of the town's pillory and whipping post, which were last used in 1863. A bronze sculpture by Peter Walker in the High Street shows three themes of the town's origins: a stagecoach wheel, a visiting circus elephant and the creation of the Typhoo Tea brand by John Sumner.

Transport

170514 stands at Coleshill Parkway

The town is close to the M6, M6 Toll and M42 motorways. It is on Junction 4 of the M6, with Birmingham City Centre at Junction 6, Sutton Coldfield J5, Nuneaton, Bedworth and Coventry North at J3 and Coventry East at Junction 2. The town is connected to East Birmingham by the B4114 Road which subsequently creates a road connection into Birmingham City Centre. There is also a route to Coventry via the A446, which becomes the A452 just before the A45 road junction at Stonebridge. Upon reaching the Western edge of Coventry, it is necessary to follow the A4114 road which now takes you to the city centre ring road A4053 after the A45 was diverted to run south of Coventry acting as a bypass.

Two regular bus routes serve the town. The X13 (previously called X70) passes through Coleshill between Birmingham and Chelmsley Wood operated by National Express West Midlands. The 76 passes through between Tamworth and Sutton Coldfield operated by Diamond Bus.

The town is served by Coleshill Parkway railway station, which reopened in 2007, on the site of the previous Coleshill station, which had closed in 1968. It is on the Birmingham to Peterborough Line and is served half hourly by CrossCountry as part of their service between Birmingham, Nuneaton, Leicester, Peterborough, Cambridge and Stansted Airport. Historically the town was also served by Maxstoke on the Stonebridge Railway which closed in 1917 and Coleshill railway station, originally named Forge Mills, which closed in 1968. As a result until 2007, the town's nearest railway station was at Water Orton, some 2.5 miles (4 km) to the north-west.

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals are received from the Sutton Coldfield TV transmitter. The town is served by both BBC WM on 95.6 FM and BBC CWR on 94.8 FM. Other radio stations received in the town are Heart West Midlands on 100.7 FM, Smooth West Midlands on 105.7 FM, Capital Mid-Counties on 96.2 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands on 105.2 FM, and Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire on 97.0 FM. The town is served by local newspapers, Leamington Courier and Warwick Courier.

Twin Town

Coleshill has been twinned with Chassieu near Lyons in France since 1983.

Education

Notable people from Coleshill

References

  1. "COLESHILL Parish in West Midlands". City Population. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  2. Geoff, Allen (2000). Warwickshire Towns & Villages. Sigma Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 1-85058-642-X.
  3. "Coleshill (Warwickshire) UK climate averages - Met Office". Met Office. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  4. Open Domesday Online: Coleshill, Warwickshire
  5. "COLESHILL PILLORY". Our Warwickshire. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  6. "Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  7. "Leamington Courier". British Papers. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  8. "Warwick Courier". British Papers. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

External links

Ceremonial county of Warwickshire
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