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| The '''Baloch tribes''' (]: '''بلوچ''') live in historical ], a region encompassing southeastern ], southern ], and southwestern ]. | |||
| ==Divisions== | |||
| As of 2008 it was estimated that there were between eight and nine million ] living in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. They were subdivided between over 130 tribes.<ref name=a>{{cite web|first=Muhammad |last=Tahir|title=Tribes and Rebels: The Players in the Balochistan Insurgency|publisher=Jamestown|date=April 3, 2008|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews=4830&no_cache=1#.VnssNfFRZ2I}}</ref> Some estimates put the figure at over 150 tribes, though estimates vary depending on how subtribes are counted.<ref>{{cite book|first=Muhammad Amin |last=Baloch|title=Inside Ormara|publisher=Muhammad Amin Baloch|year=1999|page=83}}</ref> The tribes, known as ''taman'', are led by a tribal chief, the tramandar. Subtribes, known as paras, are led by a muquaddam.<ref>{{cite book|first=P. D. |last=Bonarjee|title=A handbook of the fighting races of India|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|year=1899|page=47}}</ref> | |||
| ], a legendary figure in the history of the Baloch people, led the Baloch from ] to ]. Khan had four sons, ], ], ], and ], and a daughter, ]. Five Baloch tribes derive their eponymous names from Khan's children. Many, if not all, Baloch tribes can be categorized as either Rind or Lashari based on their actual descent or historical tribal allegiances that developed into cross-generational relationships.{{cn}} This basic division was accentuated by a thirty year long period of war between the Rind and Lashari tribes in the 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|first1=M. S. |last1=Asimov |first2=C. E. |last2=Bosworth|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia (vol.4, part-1)|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing|year=1992|page=305}}</ref> | |||
| ==Tribalism== | |||
| Violent inter-tribal competition has prevented any credible attempt at ]. A myriad of militant secessionist movements, each loyal to their own tribal leader, threatens regional security and political stability. Nationalist and anti-tribal, egalitarian sentiments are inherently intertwined. Nationalist groups like the ], composed of armed rebels, and the ], made up of educated expatriates living in the United States, have simultaneously denounced Balochistan's traditional rulers and Pakistan's national government.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jugdep S. Chima|title=Ethnic Subnationalist Insurgencies in South Asia: Identities, Interests and Challenges to State Authority|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1138839922|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Influential Baloch lobby group in US decides to end activism against Pakistan|url=http://www.terminalx.org/2014/07/influential-baloch-lobby-group-in-us-decides-to-end-activism-against-pakistan.html|publisher=Terminal X|date=2014-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 February 2012|title=Voice of Baloch Nationalists in powerful US congress|publisher=Pakistan Christian Post|url=http://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/headlinenewsd.php?hnewsid=3313}}</ref> Baloch tribes are markedly less egalitarian than ].<ref> Aisha Shafique. (The Ohio State University: 2013). Page 27.</ref> ], a group that engages in politics and violence, makes a point of advocating on behalf of the tribally distinct Baloch communities in Iran and Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Siraj Akbar|title=The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalist Movement|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|year=2011|page=312}}</ref> | |||
| ==Pakistan== | |||
| There are 180,000 ] based in ]. They are divided between the Rahija Bugti, Masori Bugti, Kalpar Bugti, and Daiga sub-tribes.<ref name=a/><ref>{{cite book|title=Pakistan Horizon, Volume 59, Issues 3-4|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs|year=2006}}</ref> ] led the Bugti as ] until his death in 2006. ] was the tribal leader and President of the ] from 2006 until his death in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/876591/talal-bugti-passes-away-in-quetta/|title=JWP leader Talal Bugti passes away in Quetta|publisher=The Express Tribune|date=27 April 2015}}</ref> ] serves as both Bugti tribal chief and head of the ]. | |||
| There are 98,000 ] based in ] district,<ref name=a/> who further divide themselves into ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name=a/> ] has led the ] since his brother's death in 2007. Another brother, ], leads the ]. Both groups are designated terrorist organisations in Pakistan. | |||
| The ] are based in ], ] where they are the largest tribe.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mary Anne Weaver|title=Pakistan: In the Shadow of Jihad and Afghanistan|publisher=Macmillan|year=2010|page=104}}</ref> ], the Chief Minister of Balochistan, is the Zehri's tribal chief. The Zehri have ] and ] sub-tribes. | |||
| The ] tribe is led by ], the last Chief Minister of Baloch. | |||
| The ] tribe has the Shahizai, Zagar and Samalani sub-tribes. ] leads the Mengal tribe. | |||
| ==References== | |||
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Latest revision as of 23:27, 20 February 2016
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