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Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 December 2020 edit undoJamesLucas (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers12,912 edits making parallel w/ Christian75’s annotation of Exabyte |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} <!-- Was going forward neutral ymd as more used, do not mind just dmy is easier w/script: First legal date format I found in edit 2005-10-16T22:42:49: "15 October 2005" however "illegal" MDY in 2004: "Dec 11, 2002" --> |
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{{Quantities of bytes}} |
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The '''petabyte''' is a multiple of the unit ] for ]. The ] '']'' indicates the fifth power of 1000 and means 10<sup>15</sup> in the ] (SI), and therefore 1 petabyte is one ] (]) ]s, or 1 ] (long scale) bytes. The unit symbol for the petabyte is '''PB'''. |
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1 PB = {{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|B}} = {{gaps|10<sup>15</sup>|bytes}} = {{gaps|1|000|]s}}. |
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{{R with history}} |
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A related unit, the ] (PiB), using a ], is equal to 1024<sup>5</sup> bytes, which is more than 12% greater (2<sup>50</sup> ]s = {{gaps|1|125|899|906|842|624|bytes}}). |
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==Usage examples== |
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Examples of the use of the petabyte to describe data sizes in different fields are: |
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<!-- To avoid an infinitely long list, limited to one example per field--> |
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* Telecommunications (capacity): The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way ] networks was 281 petabytes of information in 1986, 471 petabytes in 1993, 2,200 petabytes in 2000, and 65,000 petabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person exchanging 6 newspapers per day).<ref name="HilbertLopez2011">, Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), ], 332(6025), 60-65; see also and .</ref> |
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* Telecommunications (usage): In 2008, ] transfers about 30 petabytes of data through its networks each day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |title=AT&T- News Room |publisher=Att.com |date=23 October 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> |
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* Internet: ] processed about 24 petabytes of data per day in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492 |title=MapReduce |publisher=Portal.acm.org |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> The ]'s ] is reported to have transferred up to 7 petabytes each month in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crave.cnet.co.uk/software/iplayer-uncovered-what-powers-the-bbcs-epic-creation-49302215/ |title=Article |publisher=CNET UK |accessdate=11 January 2010}}</ref> ] transfers about 4 petabytes of data per month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/y81ju/i_created_imgur_ama/ |title=I created Imgur. AMA. |publisher=Alan Schaaf |accessdate=15 August 2012}}</ref> |
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* Supercomputers: In January 2012, Cray began construction of the ], which will have a capacity of 500 petabytes making it the largest storage array ever if released.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/blue-waters-petaflop-supercomputer-installation-begins-20120130/|title=Blue Waters petaflop supercomputer installation begins}}</ref> |
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* Data storage system: In August 2011, IBM was reported to have built the largest storage array ever, with a capacity of 120 petabytes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/38440/|title=IBM Builds Biggest Data Drive Ever|last=Simonite|first=Tom|date=25 August 2011|work=Technology Review|accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> |
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* Databases: ] Database 12 has a capacity of 50 petabytes of compressed data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teradata.com/t/products-and-services/database/teradata-12/ |title=Teradata Database 12.0 - Database Management - SQL Database |publisher=Teradata.com |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=BBC20040920>{{Cite news|title=Thanks for memory (but I need more) |author=Paul Rubens |date=20 September 2004 |newspaper=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3673262.stm |quote=Of course there's no such thing as a petabyte iPod, but the good news is that we may not have too long to wait for one. Hitachi Data Systems already sells a product called the TagmaStore Universal Storage Platform which can manage up to 32 petabytes of storage for the very largest corporations, so you'd have to conclude that a pocket-sized consumer version isn't out of the question in a decade or so.}}</ref> |
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* Data mining: In August 2012, ]'s Hadoop clusters include the largest single ] cluster known, with more than 100 PB physical disk space in a single HDFS filesystem.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/under-the-hood-hadoop-distributed-filesystem-reliability-with-namenode-and-avata/10150888759153920 |title=Under the Hood: Hadoop Distributed Filesystem reliability with Namenode and Avatarnode |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> Yahoo stores 2 petabytes of data on behavior.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lai|first=Eric|title=Size matters: Yahoo claims 2-petabyte database is world's biggest, busiest|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9087918/Size_matters_Yahoo_claims_2_petabyte_database_is_world_s_biggest_busiest?taxonomyId=18&intsrc=hm_topic|work=Computerworld|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> |
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* Digital archives: The ] surpassed 15 petabytes as of May 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brownell|first=Brett|title=Meet the People Behind the Wayback Machine, One of Our Favorite Things About the Internet|url=http://www.motherjones.com/media/2014/05/internet-archive-wayback-machine-brewster-kahle|accessdate=29 May 2014|newspaper=Mother Jones|date=22 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Email: In May 2013, ] announces that as part of their migration of Hotmail accounts to the new Outlook.com email system, they migrated over 150 petabytes of user data in six weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.office.com/b/microsoft-outlook/archive/2013/05/02/outlook-com-400-million-active-accounts-hotmail-upgrade-complete-and-more-features-on-the-way.aspx|title=Outlook.com: 400 million active accounts, Hotmail upgrade complete and more features on the way}}</ref> |
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* File sharing (centralized): At its 2012 closure of file storage services, ] held ~28 petabytes of user uploaded data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |title=Być może odzyskasz swoje pliki z Megaupload - Tech - WP.PL |publisher=Tech |date= |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> |
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* File sharing (]): 2013 - BitTorrent Sync has transferred over 30 petabytes of data since its pre-alpha release in January 2013.<ref name="nofilmschool.com">http://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing/</ref> |
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* Film: The 2009 movie ] is reported to have taken over 1 petabyte of local storage at ] for the rendering of the 3D CGI effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenextweb.com/2010/01/01/avatar-takes-1-petabyte-storage-space-equivalent-32-year-long-mp3/ |title=Believe it or not: Avatar takes 1 petabyte of storage space |publisher=Thenextweb.com |date=1 January 2010 |first=Zee|last=Kane|accessdate=14 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.information-management.com/newsletters/avatar_data_processing-10016774-1.html |title=Processing AVATAR |publisher=Information-management.com |date=21 December 2009 |first=Jim|last=Ericson|accessdate=14 January 2010}}</ref> |
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* Video streaming: As of May 2013, ] had 3.14 petabytes of video "master copies," which it compresses and converts into 100 different formats for streaming.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|title=Netflix, Reed Hastings Survive Missteps to Join Silicon Valley's Elite|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-09/netflix-reed-hastings-survive-missteps-to-join-silicon-valleys-elite#p4|accessdate=22 May 2014|newspaper=Businessweek|date=9 May 2013}}</ref> |
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* Photos: As of January 2013, ] users had uploaded over 240 billion photos,<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Rich|title=Facebook Builds Exabyte Data Centers for Cold Storage|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archiveqFEWwefgQWRWKLFDMSD A,DSM AdNWFNSMC XCs/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com|accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> with 350 million new photos every day. For each uploaded photo, Facebook generates and stores four images of different sizes, which translated to a total of 960 billion images and an estimated 357 petabytes of storage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/hovsdaDSqwrmwqwfEqw-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Music: One petabyte of average ]-encoded songs (for mobile, roughly one megabyte per minute), would require 2000 years to play.<ref name="computerweekly.com">http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like</ref> |
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* Games: ] uses 1.3 petabytes of storage to maintain its game.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090922235430/http://www.industrygamers.com/news/blizzard-drops-world-of-warcraft-stat-bomb| archivedate=22 September 2009| url=http://www.industrygamers.com/news/blizzard-drops-world-of-warcraft-stat-bomb/ |title=Blizzard Drops World of Warcraft Stat Bomb |publisher=Industrygamers.com |date=18 September 2009 |first=David|last=Radd|accessdate=18 September 2009}}</ref> |
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* ], a digital distribution service, delivers over 16 petabytes of content to American users weekly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steam ISP stats lay Australia's dire internet connectivity bare|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/steam-isp-stats-lay-australias-dire-internet-connectivity-bare/|publisher=PC Gamer}}</ref> |
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* Cloud backup: Multiple backup vendors, including ], ], and ] claim to store 90 or more petabytes of user backup data.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/how-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref> |
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* Physics: The ] in the ] produce about 15 petabytes of data per year, which are distributed over the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |title=3 October 2008 - CERN: Let the number-crunching begin: the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid celebrates first data |publisher=Interactions.org |accessdate=16 August 2009}}</ref> In July 2012 it was revealed that ] amassed about 200 petabytes of data from the more than 800 trillion collisions looking for the ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736|title=Big Data Software Problem Behind CERN's Higgs Boson Hunt}}</ref> |
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* Neurology: It is estimated that the ]'s ability to store memories is equivalent to about 2.5 petabytes of binary data.<ref>{{cite web|last=Reber |first=Paul |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-memory-capacity |title=What Is the Memory Capacity of the Human Brain? |publisher=Scientific American |date=2 April 2013 |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> |
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* Climate science: The ] (DKRZ) has a storage capacity of 60 petabytes of climate data.<ref></ref> |
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* Folding@home (Scientific Data): Folding@home has generated 0.5 petabytes of simulated data.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://folding.stanford.edu/home/donate/ |title=Folding@home|date=2011-02-02 |accessdate=2011-02-02}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Computer Storage Volumes}} |
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] |
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] |