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{{Infobox organization
The '''American Council for Capital Formation''' (ACCF) is a right-wing ] and lobbying group located on the District of Columbia's ]. ACCF supports ""economic growth through sound tax, regulatory, and environmental policies."
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| tax_id = 52-0991278<ref name="Propublica">{{cite web|title=American Council for Capital Formation|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/520991278|publisher=Propublica|access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref>
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| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Mark A. Bloomfield
| leader_title2 = Executive Vice President and Chief Economist
| leader_name2 = Pinar Cebi Wilber
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The '''American Council for Capital Formation''' (ACCF) is an American ] founded in 1975 by ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Company Profile|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0712081D:US-american-council-for-capital-formation|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> It is located on the ]'s ].<ref> ACCF website.</ref> Mark Bloomfeld serves as its ] and Pinar Cebi Wilber <ref>{{cite web |last1=Wilber |first1=Pinar Cebi |title=Tax changes mean brighter future for retirement savings |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/3702110-tax-changes-mean-brighter-future-for-retirement-savings/ |website=The Hill |access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref> serves as its executive vice president and chief economist.

The group lobbied for the ], which cut ] taxes. The council supports ending the ban on crude oil exports and a flexible approach to the regulation of ]. The council describes itself as nonpartisan,<ref>Bloomfeld, Mark. ''The Hill''. September 13, 2011.</ref> while journalists generally describe its positions as "]"<ref>Eilperin, Juliet. . ''The Washington Post''. December 20, 2005.</ref><ref name=Henry>Henry, Devin. ''The Hill''. November 10, 2015.</ref> or "]."<ref name="Alaska">DeMarban, Alex. . ''Alaska Dispatch News''. August 12, 2015.</ref><ref>Cowan, Edward. ''The New York Times''. April 12, 1981.</ref>


==History== ==History==
The Council was founded in 1975 as the American Council on Capital Gains and Estate Taxation. ] was appointed its first chairman. Seed money for founding the Council was provided by the ], a logging concern, and the National Forest Products Association. More than 340 firms and trade associations had contributed to the Council by 1984. Conservative foundations also issued significant grants. This funding allowed the Council to hire capable policy analysts, produce numerous policy papers, organize conferences, and otherwise promote its ideas.<ref name="Bloom">{{cite book |last=Blumenthal |first=Sidney |date=2008 |title=The Rise of the Counter-establishment: The Conservative Ascent to Political Power |url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Cbl7YugSoSMC&dq=%22american+council+on+capital+formation%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s |location= |publisher=Union Square Press}}</ref> The council was founded in 1975 as the '''American Council on Capital Gains and Estate Taxation'''. ] founded the council and acted as its first chairman. Seed money for the Council was provided by the ], a logging concern, and the National Forest Products Association; ] were at that time particularly affected by the ] tax.<ref name=Berman>Berman, Elizabeth Popp. ''Creating the Market University''. Princeton, 2012. p. 198.</ref>


==Issues==
in 1978, Walker's group pushed a bill through Congress that greatly cut capital gains taxes. The Council claimed this would boost financial markets. During this time the Council's board included Democratic "superlawyers" such as ] and Edward Bennet Williams and supply-side advocate ]. ], a powerful Republican lobbyist, served as president. The Council lobbied hard and released numerous economic studies showing the benefits of their bill. In his book ''Revolt of the Haves'', ] wrote: "Many of these studies later were shown to be based on unverifiable assumptions about how the market was ''likely'' to respond to a cut in the capital gains rates;yet they were presented as scientific fact, and by the time the liberal economists reassembled their forces and challenged the methodology in the various tax journals, the political battle was over and Charlie Walker's capital formation council had moved on to other issues."<ref name="Bloom"/>


===Revenue Act of 1978===
Although the 1978 capital gains tax cut bill passed, the predicted spurt in investment never materialized. Walker argued that other economic factors were in play and in November 1979 he told the Council's annual meeting that the tax cut had saved the economy from yet worse troubles.<ref name="Bloom"/>
In 1978, Democratic President ] announced his intention to pass tax reform legislation. That year, the ACCF set up a meeting between ], a Wisconsin congressman, and ], an electronics entrepreneur from California. Persuaded by Zschau's case that the doubling of capital gains taxes between 1969 and 1976 had badly hurt his industry, Steiger put legislation in motion to reset the tax to 1968 levels. The ACCF spoke in support Steiger's measure.<ref>Vogel, David. ''Fluctuating Fortunes: The Political Power of Business in America''. Beard Books, 2003. p. 175.</ref>

Carter opposed the measure, but by mid-1978 realized that he lacked the political support to defeat it, given widespread popular anger at high taxes and broad support by both parties.<ref name=Kuttner>Kuttner, Robert. ''The Economic Illusion: False Choices Between Prosperity and Social Justice''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. pp. 52-53.</ref> The tax cut bill (the ]) passed the ] by a vote of 362-49<ref>Francis, Samuel. . The Heritage Foundation. August 22, 1978.</ref> and was signed into law by President Carter.<ref name=Kuttner />

Analyzing the Revenue Act in his 2008 book ''The Rise of the Counter-establishment'', Democratic activist ] was sharply critical of the act, arguing that the bill created no actual growth. Walker argued at the time that the bill had spared the economy from a sharper downturn, and reflected a new bipartisan consensus in favor of capital formation: "'You put the question this way: Do you think that American business is putting enough money into new machinery? And they say no. There it is.'"<ref name="Bloom">{{cite book |last=Blumenthal |first=Sidney |date=2008 |title=The Rise of the Counter-establishment: The Conservative Ascent to Political Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cbl7YugSoSMC&q=%22american+council+on+capital+formation%22 |publisher=Union Square Press|page=73|isbn=9781402759116 }}</ref>

===Crude oil exports===
The council supported ending the ban on export of crude oil from the United States. Margo Thorning of the ACCF said in response to the refusal of President ]'s administration to lift the ban: "The world has changed tremendously since the ban on crude oil exports was put in place over 40 years ago. That is nowhere more evident than in the transformation of our nation's energy landscape from one of scarcity to one of abundance."<ref>Snow, Nick. ''Oil & Gas Journal.'' September 17, 2015.</ref> The Council hosted two policy briefings on Capitol Hill against the crude oil export ban in 2015 - one in May with Senator ] and the other in November with Senator ].<ref>. ACCF. May 20, 2015.</ref>

===Climate change===
The council's position on ] is that "because energy use and economic growth go hand in hand, policymakers should develop a flexible, long-term approach to reducing the growth of greenhouse gases. This requires a global effort based on technological innovation and technology transfer to developing countries where greenhouse gas emissions growth is most rapid."<ref></ref>

While the ACCF is skeptical of climate policies and regulations that impose significant costs on the U.S. economy, the Council does not reject climate-related science. ACCF economist Margo Thorning supported the ] in 2011 and 2012. This bill would have reversed a ] ruling that the ] has authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. In Congressional testimony, Thorning stated that the regulation of greenhouse gases "makes little economic or environmental sense."<ref name="Anthro">{{cite book |last1=Baer |first1=Hans |last2=Singer |first2=Merrill |date=24 April 2014 |title=The Anthropology of Climate Change: An Integrated Critical Perspective |location=United States |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317817673}}</ref> In 2015, the ACCF joined with an alliance of oil lobbyists and environmental groups to oppose the federal ] mandate.<ref name=Henry /> In 2017, ACCF’s Vice President of Policy and General Counsel, Timothy M. Doyle released a paper criticizing New York City's decision to divest $5 billion of its pension fund from ].<ref>Muoio, Danielle. "." ''Politico.'' March 7, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.</ref>

The council also disagrees with policies that would restrict the export of ]. In 2015, Banks wrote, "Some people, particularly environmentalists, will claim that the United States should not export fossil energy because of climate mitigation concerns. While climate change is a problem that the world needs to address, cutting off U.S. exports of fossil fuels is not the answer. In fact, pursuing such an action only reduces the amount of affordable and reliable energy available to global markets for economic development and poverty eradication efforts, increasing the scarcity of energy resources and worsening related competition between nation states."<ref>Starling, Rosalie.. ''Hydrocarbon Engineering''. July 16, 2015.</ref>

===Proxy Advisers===
In 2018, Timothy M. Doyle, Vice President of Policy and General Counsel of the ACCF, released a report criticizing the growing role of ] in finance and supporting bipartisan legislation requiring them to register with the ] and disclose conflicts of interest.<ref>Critchley, Barry. "." ''Financial Post.'' May 2, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.</ref>


==Leadership== ==Leadership==
] was the council's first chairman. He served the administration of President Richard M. Nixon as ] from 1969 to 1972 and as deputy secretary of the same department in 1973 under ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/charls-e-walker-tax-lobbyist-for-gop-and-big-business-dies-at-91/2015/06/25/51a8cff6-1930-11e5-bd7f-4611a60dd8e5_story.html|title=Charls E. Walker, tax lobbyist for GOP and big business, dies at 91|author=Bart Barnes|date=29 June 2015|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> Walker started consulting after leaving the Nixon administration.<ref name="Times1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/02/us/politics/charls-walker-treasury-official-and-business-lobbyist-is-dead-at-91.html|title=Charls Walker, Treasury Official and Business Lobbyist, Is Dead at 91|date=3 July 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>
===Charls Walker===
{{main | Charls Walker}}
Walker was the Council's first chairman. He served the Nixon administration as undersecretary of the treasury from 1969 to 1972 and as deputy secretary of the same department in 1973 under ]. Walker was born in Texas and educated at the University of Texas at Austin, where he received an undergraduate degree and an MBA. He took a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania. Walker was a professor, Federal Reserve staffer, and banking executive for brief periods before becoming executive vice president of the ] in 1961. He retained that position until 1969 when he left to work under Nixon.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/charls-e-walker-tax-lobbyist-for-gop-and-big-business-dies-at-91/2015/06/25/51a8cff6-1930-11e5-bd7f-4611a60dd8e5_story.html</ref>


Mark A. Bloomfield is the president and CEO of the council.<ref name="Bloomfield"> ACCF.</ref><ref name="HillAmb"/> After working on ]'s ], Bloomfield became involved with ACCF after meeting Charls Walker while working as an aide on the ].<ref name="HillAmb"/> Walker and Bloomfield later co-authored the book ''Intellectual Property Rights and Capital Formation in the Next Decade'' (], 1988).<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-0819168849|title = Intellectual Property Rights and Capital Formation in the Next Decade|year = 1988}}</ref> Bloomfield is known for the monthly dinners he holds for members of Congress, business leaders, and journalists. ] called them "Washington's last salon", and Senator ] stated that they gave politicians from opposing parties a chance to meet and have "substantive discussions".<ref name="HillAmb">Kaplan, Jonathan E. ''The Hill''. July 26, 2005.</ref>
Walker started consulting after leaving the Nixon administration. When he told Nixon that he was leaving government, the president said, “You’re going to be doing what you have been, but now making money at it."<ref name="Bloom"/>Walker described the large companies he represented as "a few mom-and-pop clients." Over the course of his career, these included ], ], and major airlines. Walker established the ACCF in order to provide credibility to his advocacy for big business.<ref name="Times1"></ref>


Pinar Çebi Wilber is Executive Vice President and Chief Economist with the American Council for Capital Formation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wilber |first1=Pinar Cebi |title=The world is looking to Biden to restore trust in global trade and investment |url=https://fortune.com/2020/12/04/biden-global-trade-foreign-investment-trump-decline/ |website=Fortune |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> She is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Economics at ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pinar Cebi Wilber |url=https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014SsGOAA0/pinar-cebi-wilber |website=Georgetown University |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> Before joining the organization, Wilber was a visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University. She has a Ph.D. in economics from Georgetown University and a BA from Bilkent University, Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Pinar Çebi Wilber |url=https://townhall.com/columnists/dr-pinar-ebi-wilber |website=Townhall |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref> Wilber has conducted research in the areas of energy policy, tax policy, international trade and finance, and general government policy, especially as it relates to the effect of government policies on retirement saving and the use of annuities in retirement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Avoid Conflating Renewables and Fossil Fuels in the Subsidies Debate |url=https://www.capitalcorner.org/author/pinarcw/ |website=Capitol Corner |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>
While defending the fully tax-deductible "three-martini lunch" in 1977 Walker said, “How could you set a ceiling that would apply both to a small town in Texas, where I recently bought a business lunch for two for $7, and to New York City, where you can pay anything?”<ref name="Times1"/>


===Board of Advisors===
Walker advised John Connally during his brief 1980 presidential campaign. After Connally left the race, Walker joined the Reagan campaign. Walker said of himself, "I think I provided the key memo." The memo he referred to offered a rationalization for cutting taxes and general government spending while increasing military spending. His other clients, such as the Business Roundtable, were relieved to know he was close to Reagan, whom they regarded as a potentially dangerous.<ref name="Bloom"/> Walker and the ACCF won large cuts in corporate taxes in Reagan's 1981 economics legislation.<ref name="Times1"/>
In 2021, ACCF announced that former Congressman ] (R-])<ref>{{cite web|date=April 2021|title=ACCF Press Release on Bill Flores|url=https://accf.org/2021/04/01/former-congressman-bill-flores-joins-accf-board-of-advisors/|website=American Council for Capital Formation (AACF)}}</ref> and former Senator ] (D-])<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 15, 2021|title=Former Senator Mark Pryor (D-AR) Joins ACCF Board of Advisors|url=https://accf.org/2021/01/15/former-senator-mark-pryor-d-ar-joins-accf-board-of-advisors/|access-date=2021-09-08|website=American Council for Capital Formation (AACF)}}</ref> would join its board of directors.


===Former Staff===
His ACCF colleague, Mark Bloomfield, said of Walker, “Charly was the classic caricature of the cigar-smoking super-lobbyist with a limo." Lyndon B. Johnson called Walker “an S.O.B. with elbows.” Walker replied, “Where I come from, that’s a term of endearment.”<ref name="Times1"/>
] served as executive vice president at the ACCF.<ref name="Banks"> ACCF.</ref> Before his position at ACCF, Banks was a senior adviser to President ] on ]<ref>Burita, Mike. . ACCF. January 29, 2015.</ref> and then a deputy director of the nuclear energy program at the ].<ref>. Center for Strategic & International Studies. April 15, 2013.</ref> In 2017, he served as Special Assistant for International Energy and Environment at the ] and ]s in the administration of President ].<ref name="Friedman">Friedman, Lisa. . ''The New York Times''. February 22, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.</ref>

At ACCF, Banks has been a strong advocate for energy free trade and constructive ]. "China-bashing in the context of U.S. energy policymaking will only cause Beijing to become more stubborn in the ] and more aggressive in locking up ] around the globe,” he wrote in November 2015.<ref>Dlouhy, Jennifer A. . ''The Houston Chronicle''. November 5, 2015.</ref> He has also been critical of the ] (RFS), writing in '']'' in February 2016 that "The RFS has plagued the country for years by jacking up food and fuel costs. What’s more, it’s outdated and offers zero environmental benefits. Congress should nix this standard before it wreaks more havoc on the country."<ref>Banks, George David. . ''The Washington Times''. February 8, 2016.</ref>

In 2018, Banks spoke in support of the ], calling it "a good Republican agreement".<ref name="Friedman" />


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist|30em}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{official website|http://accf.org/}} * {{official website|http://accf.org/}}

] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 04:34, 16 April 2024

American Council for Capital Formation
Formation1975; 50 years ago (1975)
FounderCharls Walker
Founded atWashington, DC
Tax ID no. 52-0991278
Purposecapital gains tax reduction
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
PresidentMark A. Bloomfield
Executive Vice President and Chief EconomistPinar Cebi Wilber
Websitehttp://accf.org/

The American Council for Capital Formation (ACCF) is an American think tank founded in 1975 by Charls Walker. It is located on the District of Columbia's Connecticut Avenue. Mark Bloomfeld serves as its president and Pinar Cebi Wilber serves as its executive vice president and chief economist.

The group lobbied for the Revenue Act of 1978, which cut capital gains taxes. The council supports ending the ban on crude oil exports and a flexible approach to the regulation of greenhouse gases. The council describes itself as nonpartisan, while journalists generally describe its positions as "free market" or "pro-business."

History

The council was founded in 1975 as the American Council on Capital Gains and Estate Taxation. Charls Walker founded the council and acted as its first chairman. Seed money for the Council was provided by the Weyerhaeuser Company, a logging concern, and the National Forest Products Association; timber firms were at that time particularly affected by the capital gains tax.

Issues

Revenue Act of 1978

In 1978, Democratic President Jimmy Carter announced his intention to pass tax reform legislation. That year, the ACCF set up a meeting between William A. Steiger, a Wisconsin congressman, and Ed Zschau, an electronics entrepreneur from California. Persuaded by Zschau's case that the doubling of capital gains taxes between 1969 and 1976 had badly hurt his industry, Steiger put legislation in motion to reset the tax to 1968 levels. The ACCF spoke in support Steiger's measure.

Carter opposed the measure, but by mid-1978 realized that he lacked the political support to defeat it, given widespread popular anger at high taxes and broad support by both parties. The tax cut bill (the Revenue Act of 1978) passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 362-49 and was signed into law by President Carter.

Analyzing the Revenue Act in his 2008 book The Rise of the Counter-establishment, Democratic activist Sidney Blumenthal was sharply critical of the act, arguing that the bill created no actual growth. Walker argued at the time that the bill had spared the economy from a sharper downturn, and reflected a new bipartisan consensus in favor of capital formation: "'You put the question this way: Do you think that American business is putting enough money into new machinery? And they say no. There it is.'"

Crude oil exports

The council supported ending the ban on export of crude oil from the United States. Margo Thorning of the ACCF said in response to the refusal of President Barack Obama's administration to lift the ban: "The world has changed tremendously since the ban on crude oil exports was put in place over 40 years ago. That is nowhere more evident than in the transformation of our nation's energy landscape from one of scarcity to one of abundance." The Council hosted two policy briefings on Capitol Hill against the crude oil export ban in 2015 - one in May with Senator John Hoeven and the other in November with Senator Cory Gardner.

Climate change

The council's position on climate change is that "because energy use and economic growth go hand in hand, policymakers should develop a flexible, long-term approach to reducing the growth of greenhouse gases. This requires a global effort based on technological innovation and technology transfer to developing countries where greenhouse gas emissions growth is most rapid."

While the ACCF is skeptical of climate policies and regulations that impose significant costs on the U.S. economy, the Council does not reject climate-related science. ACCF economist Margo Thorning supported the Energy Tax Prevention Act in 2011 and 2012. This bill would have reversed a Supreme Court ruling that the Environmental Protection Agency has authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. In Congressional testimony, Thorning stated that the regulation of greenhouse gases "makes little economic or environmental sense." In 2015, the ACCF joined with an alliance of oil lobbyists and environmental groups to oppose the federal ethanol mandate. In 2017, ACCF’s Vice President of Policy and General Counsel, Timothy M. Doyle released a paper criticizing New York City's decision to divest $5 billion of its pension fund from fossil fuels.

The council also disagrees with policies that would restrict the export of fossil energy. In 2015, Banks wrote, "Some people, particularly environmentalists, will claim that the United States should not export fossil energy because of climate mitigation concerns. While climate change is a problem that the world needs to address, cutting off U.S. exports of fossil fuels is not the answer. In fact, pursuing such an action only reduces the amount of affordable and reliable energy available to global markets for economic development and poverty eradication efforts, increasing the scarcity of energy resources and worsening related competition between nation states."

Proxy Advisers

In 2018, Timothy M. Doyle, Vice President of Policy and General Counsel of the ACCF, released a report criticizing the growing role of proxy advisers in finance and supporting bipartisan legislation requiring them to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission and disclose conflicts of interest.

Leadership

Charls Walker was the council's first chairman. He served the administration of President Richard M. Nixon as undersecretary of the treasury from 1969 to 1972 and as deputy secretary of the same department in 1973 under John Connally. Walker started consulting after leaving the Nixon administration.

Mark A. Bloomfield is the president and CEO of the council. After working on Ronald Reagan's first presidential campaign, Bloomfield became involved with ACCF after meeting Charls Walker while working as an aide on the House Ways and Means Committee. Walker and Bloomfield later co-authored the book Intellectual Property Rights and Capital Formation in the Next Decade (University Press of America, 1988). Bloomfield is known for the monthly dinners he holds for members of Congress, business leaders, and journalists. Senator Joseph Lieberman called them "Washington's last salon", and Senator John E. Sununu stated that they gave politicians from opposing parties a chance to meet and have "substantive discussions".

Pinar Çebi Wilber is Executive Vice President and Chief Economist with the American Council for Capital Formation. She is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Economics at Georgetown University. Before joining the organization, Wilber was a visiting Assistant Professor at Washington and Lee University. She has a Ph.D. in economics from Georgetown University and a BA from Bilkent University, Turkey. Wilber has conducted research in the areas of energy policy, tax policy, international trade and finance, and general government policy, especially as it relates to the effect of government policies on retirement saving and the use of annuities in retirement.

Board of Advisors

In 2021, ACCF announced that former Congressman Bill Flores (R-TX) and former Senator Mark Pryor (D-AR) would join its board of directors.

Former Staff

George "David" Banks served as executive vice president at the ACCF. Before his position at ACCF, Banks was a senior adviser to President George W. Bush on international climate change and then a deputy director of the nuclear energy program at the Center for Strategic & International Studies. In 2017, he served as Special Assistant for International Energy and Environment at the National Economic and National Security Councils in the administration of President Donald Trump.

At ACCF, Banks has been a strong advocate for energy free trade and constructive U.S. engagement with China. "China-bashing in the context of U.S. energy policymaking will only cause Beijing to become more stubborn in the South China Sea and more aggressive in locking up energy supplies around the globe,” he wrote in November 2015. He has also been critical of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), writing in The Washington Times in February 2016 that "The RFS has plagued the country for years by jacking up food and fuel costs. What’s more, it’s outdated and offers zero environmental benefits. Congress should nix this standard before it wreaks more havoc on the country."

In 2018, Banks spoke in support of the Paris climate agreement, calling it "a good Republican agreement".

References

  1. "American Council for Capital Formation". Propublica. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  2. "Company Profile". Bloomberg. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  3. "Contact." ACCF website.
  4. Wilber, Pinar Cebi. "Tax changes mean brighter future for retirement savings". The Hill. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  5. Bloomfeld, Mark. "When a tax cut isn't a tax cut." The Hill. September 13, 2011.
  6. Eilperin, Juliet. "U.S. Joins Informal Talks on Warming". The Washington Post. December 20, 2005.
  7. ^ Henry, Devin. "Anti-ethanol group expands national ad buy." The Hill. November 10, 2015.
  8. DeMarban, Alex. "Think tank: State needs to support Alaska LNG, drop stand-alone pipeline". Alaska Dispatch News. August 12, 2015.
  9. Cowan, Edward. "The Quiet Campaign to Cut Capital Gains Taxes--To Zero." The New York Times. April 12, 1981.
  10. Berman, Elizabeth Popp. Creating the Market University. Princeton, 2012. p. 198.
  11. Vogel, David. Fluctuating Fortunes: The Political Power of Business in America. Beard Books, 2003. p. 175.
  12. ^ Kuttner, Robert. The Economic Illusion: False Choices Between Prosperity and Social Justice. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. pp. 52-53.
  13. Francis, Samuel. "Update on the Revenue Act of 1978". The Heritage Foundation. August 22, 1978.
  14. Blumenthal, Sidney (2008). The Rise of the Counter-establishment: The Conservative Ascent to Political Power. Union Square Press. p. 73. ISBN 9781402759116.
  15. Snow, Nick. "White House not inclined to end crude oil export ban, official says" Oil & Gas Journal. September 17, 2015.
  16. "ACCF Hosts Congressional Briefing on Crude Oil Exports and Trade Policy". ACCF. May 20, 2015.
  17. ACCF homepage
  18. Baer, Hans; Singer, Merrill (24 April 2014). The Anthropology of Climate Change: An Integrated Critical Perspective. United States: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317817673.
  19. Muoio, Danielle. "Divesting from Big Oil a tough sell — even in the bluest cities and states." Politico. March 7, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.
  20. Starling, Rosalie."ACCF highlights impact of energy trade policies on national security". Hydrocarbon Engineering. July 16, 2015.
  21. Critchley, Barry. "U.S. proxy report proves timely." Financial Post. May 2, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.
  22. Bart Barnes (29 June 2015). "Charls E. Walker, tax lobbyist for GOP and big business, dies at 91". Washington Post. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  23. "Charls Walker, Treasury Official and Business Lobbyist, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. 3 July 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  24. "Mark A. Bloomfield." ACCF.
  25. ^ Kaplan, Jonathan E. "The ambassador: Mark Bloomfield." The Hill. July 26, 2005.
  26. Intellectual Property Rights and Capital Formation in the Next Decade. 1988. ISBN 978-0819168849.
  27. Wilber, Pinar Cebi. "The world is looking to Biden to restore trust in global trade and investment". Fortune. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  28. "Pinar Cebi Wilber". Georgetown University. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  29. "Dr. Pinar Çebi Wilber". Townhall. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  30. "Avoid Conflating Renewables and Fossil Fuels in the Subsidies Debate". Capitol Corner. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  31. "ACCF Press Release on Bill Flores". American Council for Capital Formation (AACF). April 2021.
  32. "Former Senator Mark Pryor (D-AR) Joins ACCF Board of Advisors". American Council for Capital Formation (AACF). January 15, 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  33. "George 'David' Banks." ACCF.
  34. Burita, Mike. "ACCF welcomes George “David” Banks as Executive Vice President". ACCF. January 29, 2015.
  35. "Former White House Advisor on Environmental Quality George "David" Banks Joins CSIS". Center for Strategic & International Studies. April 15, 2013.
  36. ^ Friedman, Lisa. "Former Trump Aide Calls Paris Climate Accord ‘a Good Republican Agreement’". The New York Times. February 22, 2018. Accessed May 11, 2018.
  37. Dlouhy, Jennifer A. China keeping an eye on surging U.S. oil and gas production. The Houston Chronicle. November 5, 2015.
  38. Banks, George David. "Renewable Fuel Standard deceit". The Washington Times. February 8, 2016.

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