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			{{Short description\|Financial and commodity derivative exchange}}
⚫	] at the CME (March 6, 2001).]]
			{{Redirect\|The Merc\|the San Jose newspaper\|The Mercury News}}
	The '''Chicago Mercantile Exchange''' (CME or, simply, "'''The Merc'''") (]:) is the largest ] in the ]. The CME was founded in ] as the ]. Originally, the exchange was a not-for-profit organization. The exchange ] in November ], and ] in December ], becoming the first US exchange to do so. The Chief Executive Officer of the Merc is Craig S. Donohue.
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=April 2024}}
			{{Infobox company
		⚫	\|name = Chicago Mercantile Exchange
			\|type = ]
			\|image = Cme building aerial view.jpg
		⚫	\|image_caption = ]
			\|key_people =
			\|industry = ]
			\|products = ] and ]
			\|revenue =
			\|owner = ]
			\|foundation = 1898
			\|location = ], ]
			\|homepage = {{URL\|http://www.cmegroup.com/}}
			}}
			The '''Chicago Mercantile Exchange''' ('''CME''') (often called "'''the Chicago Merc'''", or "'''the Merc'''") is a global ]place based in ] and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive. The CME was founded in 1898 as the ], an agricultural commodities exchange. For most of its history, the exchange was in the then common form of a non-profit organization, owned by members of the exchange. The Merc ] in November 2000, ] in December 2002, and merged with the ] in July 2007 to become a designated contract market of the ] Inc., which operates both markets. The chairman and chief executive officer of CME Group is ], Bryan Durkin is president.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://investor.cmegroup.com/investor-relations/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=998943\|title=CMEgroup.com\|publisher=Investor.cmegroup.com\|access-date=September 22, 2012\|archive-date=January 16, 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116205345/http://investor.cmegroup.com/investor-relations/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=998943\|url-status=dead}}</ref> On August 18, 2008, shareholders approved a merger with the ] (NYMEX) and COMEX. CME, CBOT, ], and ] are now markets owned by CME Group. After the merger, the value of the CME quadrupled in a two-year span, with a market cap of over $25 billion.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Encyclopedia of American Industries\|publisher=Gale\|year=2011\|pages=2432}}</ref>

		⚫	Today, CME is the largest ] and ]s ] (number of contracts outstanding) exchange of any futures exchange in the world. The Merc trades several types of ]s: ]s, ], ], and ].
	CME has four major product areas: short term ], ], ], and ].

			CME also pioneered the ] software that is used around the world as the official ] (margin) mechanism of 50 registered exchanges, clearing organizations, service bureaus, and regulatory agencies throughout the world.
⚫	CME ~~has~~ the largest ]s and ]s open interest (number of contracts outstanding) of any futures exchange in the world, ~~which~~ ~~indicates~~ a ~~very~~ ~~high~~ ]. ~~This~~ is ~~vital~~ ~~to the~~ ~~success of any stock or futures exchange~~.

	== Trading ~~Methods~~ ==		== Trading platforms ==
	Trading is conducted in two methods; an ] format and the CME Globex~~®~~ electronic ~~trading platform~~.		Trading is conducted in two methods; an ] format and the CME Globex electronic system. More than 90 percent of total volume at the exchange occurs electronically on CME Globex.

	===Open ~~Outcry~~===		===Open outcry===
	~~The~~ open outcry method consists of floor traders standing in a trading pit to call out orders, prices, and quantities of a particular commodity. Different colored jackets are worn by the traders to indicate ~~their~~ ~~function~~ on ~~the~~ ~~floor~~ ~~(traders,~~ ~~runners, CME employees, etc~~.). In addition, complex hand signals are used. These hand signals were first used in the 1970s. The pits are areas of the floor that are lowered to facilitate communication, ~~sort of~~ like a miniature ]. The pits can be raised and lowered depending on trading volume. To an onlooker, the open outcry system can look chaotic and confusing, but in reality the system is a tried and true method of accurate and efficient trading.		Operating during regular trading hours (RTH), the ] method consists of floor traders standing in a trading pit to call out orders, prices, and quantities of a particular commodity or its derivatives. Different colored jackets are worn by the traders to indicate what firm they are a part of. In addition, complex hand signals (called ]) are used. These hand signals were first used in the 1970s. Today, however, headsets are also used by the brokers to communicate with the traders. The pits are areas of the floor that are lowered to facilitate communication, somewhat like a miniature ]. The pits can be raised and lowered depending on trading volume. To an onlooker, the open outcry system can look chaotic and confusing, but in reality, the system is a tried and true method of accurate and efficient trading. An illustrated project to record the hand signal language used in CME's trading pits has been compiled.<ref name=TPH>{{cite web\|title=CME Trading Pit Hand Signals History\|url=http://tradingpithistory.com/gallery/2/prices_quantities/cme/\|work=tradingpithistory.com \|access-date=August 16, 2011}}</ref>
		⚫	] at the CME (March 6, 2001)]]

			CME Group announced in 2021 that it will permanently close most of its physical trading pits, including those for grain trading. They had been closed since March 2020 due to the outbreak of the ].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.world-grain.com/articles/15264-cme-permanently-closes-open-outcry-trading#:~:text=Photo:%20Adobe%20stock.&text=CHICAGO,%20ILLINOIS,%20US%20%E2%80%94%20CME,of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic \| title = CME permanently closes open outcry trading \| website=World-Grain.com \| date=May 10, 2021}}</ref>
	===CME Globex®===
⚫	~~Today~~ the ] ~~trading system operates~~ at the heart of CME. It was introduced in ] as the first global electronic trading platform for ]s. This fully electronic trading system allows market participants to trade from booths at the exchange or while sitting in a home or office thousands of miles away. On ~~] ]~~, the one billionth (1,000,000,000) transaction was recorded.

			===Electronic trading===
	When Globex was first launched, it used ] technology and network. 2002 saw the launch of the second generation of Globex using a modified version of the NSC trading system, developed by ] for the ] (now ]).
		⚫	Operating virtually around the clock, today the CME ] is at the heart of CME. Proposed in 1987, it was introduced in 1992 as the first global ] for futures contracts. This fully electronic trading system allows market participants to trade from booths at the exchange or while sitting in a home or office thousands of miles away. On October 19, 2004, the one billionth (1,000,000,000) transaction was recorded.

			When CME Globex was first launched, it used ]' technology and network.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15383850.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924110049/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15383850.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=September 24, 2018\|title=Deflating Globex: electronic exchanges\|date=May 21, 1994\|newspaper=The Economisturl-access=subscription \|access-date=September 24, 2018}}</ref> September 1998 saw the launch of the second generation of CME Globex using a modified version of the NSC{{clarify\|date=March 2019}} trading system, developed by ] for the ] (now ]).<ref>{{cite magazine\|title=Reuters Dumped from Trading Service\|date=February 21, 1997\|magazine=Wired}}</ref>

			Traders connect to CME Globex via ] (MDP) and ] 2.0 for order routing.

			==Merger==
			On October 17, 2006, Chicago Mercantile Exchange announced a merger with the ] in an $8 billion deal.<ref name="NYT2006">{{cite news \|date=October 17, 2006 \|title=Chicago Exchange to Buy Rival for $8 Billion \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2006/10/17/cme-to-acquire-chicago-board-of-trade-for-8-billion/ \|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lucchetti">{{cite news \|last1=Lucchetti \|first1=Aaron \|last2=MacDonald \|first2=Alistair \|last3=Taylor \|first3=Edward \|date=October 18, 2006 \|title=Chicago Merc to Buy Board of Trade \|work=The Wall Street Journal \|publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc. \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116108656852895012 \|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> Shareholders of both companies approved the merger on July 9, 2007,<ref name="Krasny">{{cite news \|last=Krasny \|first=Ros \|date=July 9, 2007 \|title=CME buy of CBOT easily approved by shareholders \|work=Reuters \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cbot-cme-meeting/cme-buy-of-cbot-easily-approved-by-shareholders-idUSN0930635920070709 \|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> and the deal closed on July 12, 2007.<ref name="Krasny2">{{cite news \|last=Krasny \|first=Ros \|date=July 12, 2007 \|title=CBOT shares to be delisted at close of trade \|work=Reuters \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cbot-delisting/cbot-shares-to-be-delisted-at-close-of-trade-idUSWNAS586920070712 \|access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|date=July 12, 2007 \|title=CME and CBOT Complete Merger Creating the Leading Global Financial Exchange \|url=http://investor.cmegroup.com/news-releases/news-release-details/cme-and-cbot-complete-merger-creating-leading-global-financial \|access-date=November 9, 2022 \|publisher=CME Group}}</ref> The overarching holding company then launched as CME Group.<ref name="Krasny" /> On January 13, 2008, electronic trading at the Chicago Board of Trade shifted onto CME Globex.<ref>{{cite news \|author=Saphir, Ann \|date=March 3, 2008 \|title=Trading Places \|work=Crain's Chicago Business \|publisher=Crain Communications Inc.}}</ref>

			== Investigation ==
			In 1984, the CME was investigated by the U.S. Government Accountability Office. During this investigation, it was realized that the open-outcry system could be abused. The GAO noted that the exchange made attempts to cut down on malpractice, but that it is likely that illegal activity still occurs.<ref>{{Citation \|last=Simmons\|first=Craig\|date=1989\|title=Chicago Futures Market: Initial Observations on Trade Practice Abuses\|pages=3–6}}</ref>

			== Products ==
			Chicago Mercantile Exchange was known as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board when it was founded in 1898, and futures available through the exchange were initially limited to agricultural products.<ref name="Wang2">{{cite book \|author=Peijie Wang \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRFer11WaoIC&dq=The+Chicago+Mercantile+Exchange+was+founded+in+1898+as+the+%22Chicago+Butter+and+Egg+Board&pg=PA256 \|title=The Economics of Foreign Exchange and Global Finance \| date=March 5, 2009 \|publisher=] \|isbn=9783662592717 \|page=256 \|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Pederson2">{{cite book \|title=International Directory of Company Histories \|date=2006 \|publisher=] \|editor=Jay P. Pederson \|volume=75 \|location=US}}</ref><ref name="McDowell2">{{cite book \|author=Bennett A. McDowell \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTLJNhokjdwC \|title=The ART of Trading – Combining the Science of Technical Analysis with the Art of Reality-Based Trading \| date=December 28, 2010 \|publisher=] \|isbn=9781118039380 \|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> In 1919 the Board was restructured and the name changed to Chicago Mercantile Exchange, which reflected a new focus on commodities beyond butter and eggs, including potatoes, onions, and cheese.<ref name="Wang2" /><ref name="Pederson2" /><ref>{{cite web \|title=Chicago Mercantile Exchange records, 1900-2000 \|url=https://findingaids.library.uic.edu/sc/MSCME0003.xml-merger-creating-leading-global-financial \|access-date=January 28, 2023 \|publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago}}</ref> In 1972, CME introduced the first ] market, offering contracts on seven foreign currencies.<ref name="Pederson2" /><ref>{{cite news \|title=TIMELINE-Key dates in the history of CME Group \|publisher=Reuters \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cme-group-closure-timeline/timeline-key-dates-in-the-history-of-cme-group-idINL1N0VF04K20150205 \|access-date=January 28, 2023}}</ref> By the 2000s, CME had expanded to offer four core financial instruments: commodities, foreign exchange, interest rates, and stock indexes.<ref name="Wang2" /><ref name="Pederson2" /> As of 2022, CME operates under CME Group, which offers a number of derivatives products, including commodities, equity indices, foreign exchange, interest rates, and weather.<ref name="Kumar2">{{cite book \|last=Kumar \|first=Rajesh \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwN0AwAAQBAJ&dq=the+CME+offers+trading+in+forex+futures,+currencies,+stock+indexes,+interest+rate+futures,+and+agricultural+products.&pg=PA140 \|title=Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions: Theories and Cases \|date=2014 \|publisher=] \|isbn=9780124171671 \|page=140 \|access-date=November 28, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Wang2" /><ref name="dxFeed2">{{cite news \|title=Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) \|work=dxFeed \|publisher=Devexperts Inc. \|url=https://dxfeed.com/market-data/futures/cme/ \|access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>

			For example, as of 2017, agricultural contracts were offered on products such as wheat, corn, soybeans, and ].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Consuegra \|first1=Meliyara \|last2=Garcia-Verdugo \|first2=Javier \|date=December 15, 2016 \|title=Measuring the functional efficiency of agricultural futures markets \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8489.12196 \|journal=Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics \|language=en \|volume=61 \|issue=2 \|pages=232–246 \|doi=10.1111/1467-8489.12196\|s2cid=157882828 }}</ref> In metal futures, the CME trades ]s, ]s, and ferrous metals.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Mensi \|first1=Walid \|last2=Vo \|first2=Xuan Vinh \|last3=Kang \|first3=Sang Hoon \|date=June 1, 2022 \|title=Upward/downward multifractality and efficiency in metals futures markets: The impacts of financial and oil crises \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420722000940 \|journal=Resources Policy \|language=en \|volume=76 \|pages=102645 \|doi=10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102645 \|bibcode=2022RePol..7602645M \|s2cid=247299380 \|issn=0301-4207}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Chicago Mercantile Exchange \|title=Metal futures and options \|url=https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/metals.html#products \|access-date=March 19, 2023 \|website=CME Group}}</ref>{{Better source needed\|reason=The current source is insufficiently independent and insufficiently secondary.\|date=March 2023}} The Chicago Mercantile Exchange is the only market for trading in ]s. It launched its first weather products in 1999. Products include, but are not limited to: futures on rainfall, snowfall, hurricanes, and temperature.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Benth, Espen, Jurate \|title=Modeling And Pricing In Financial Markets For Weather Derivatives \|publisher=World Scientific \|year=2012 \|location=Singapore \|pages=100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Bemš \|first1=Július \|last2=Aydin \|first2=Caner \|date=November 18, 2021 \|title=Introduction to weather derivatives \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wene.426 \|journal=WIREs Energy and Environment \|language=en \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|doi=10.1002/wene.426 \|s2cid=244457751 \|issn=2041-8396}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Portal\|Chicago}}
			*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
			*]
			*]

	==~~External links~~==		==References==
			*Durica, Michael (2006). Product Development for Electronic Derivative Exchanges: The case of the German ifo business climate index as underlying for exchange traded derivatives to hedge business cycle risk. Pro Business. Berlin. {{ISBN\|3-939533-05-X}}.
⚫	*
	*

			==Further reading==
⚫	]
			* {{cite book\|last=Lynn\|first=Cari\|title=Leg the Spread: Adventures Inside the Trillion-Dollar Boys' Club of Commodities Trading\|url=https://archive.org/details/legspreadwoman00lynn\|url-access=registration\|year=2004\|publisher=Random House/Broadway Books\|isbn=9780767908559 }}
⚫	]
			* {{cite book\|last=Olson\|first=Erika\|title=Zero-Sum Game: The Rise of the World's Largest Derivatives Exchange\|year=2010\|publisher=Wiley}}
⚫	]
			* {{cite book\|last=Rodengen\|first=Jeffrey\|title=Past, Present & Futures: Chicago Mercantile Exchange\|year=2008\|publisher=Write Stuff Syndicate}}
⚫	]
			* {{cite book\|last=Tamarkin\|first=Bob\|title=The Merc: The Emergence of a Global Financial Powerhouse\|year=1993\|publisher=Harper Business}}
	]
			* {{cite book\|last=Eisen\|first=Adrienne\|title=Making Scenes\|year=2001\|publisher=Broadvision}}

			== Notes ==
			{{Reflist}}

			==External links==
			{{Commons category\|Chicago Mercantile Exchange}}
			*

			{{Authority control}}

			]
	{{Econ-stub}}
		⚫	]
			]
			]
		⚫	]
		⚫	]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 08:34, 25 December 2024

Financial and commodity derivative exchange "The Merc" redirects here. For the San Jose newspaper, see The Mercury News.

Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Chicago Mercantile Exchange Center
Company type	Subsidiary
Industry	Business services
Founded	1898
Headquarters	Chicago, Illinois
Products	Futures and options
Owner	CME Group
Website	www.cmegroup.com

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) (often called "the Chicago Merc", or "the Merc") is a global derivatives marketplace based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive. The CME was founded in 1898 as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board, an agricultural commodities exchange. For most of its history, the exchange was in the then common form of a non-profit organization, owned by members of the exchange. The Merc demutualized in November 2000, went public in December 2002, and merged with the Chicago Board of Trade in July 2007 to become a designated contract market of the CME Group Inc., which operates both markets. The chairman and chief executive officer of CME Group is Terrence A. Duffy, Bryan Durkin is president. On August 18, 2008, shareholders approved a merger with the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and COMEX. CME, CBOT, NYMEX, and COMEX are now markets owned by CME Group. After the merger, the value of the CME quadrupled in a two-year span, with a market cap of over $25 billion.

Today, CME is the largest options and futures contracts open interest (number of contracts outstanding) exchange of any futures exchange in the world. The Merc trades several types of financial instruments: interest rates, equities, currencies, and commodities.

CME also pioneered the CME SPAN software that is used around the world as the official performance bond (margin) mechanism of 50 registered exchanges, clearing organizations, service bureaus, and regulatory agencies throughout the world.

Trading platforms

Trading is conducted in two methods; an open outcry format and the CME Globex electronic system. More than 90 percent of total volume at the exchange occurs electronically on CME Globex.

Open outcry

Operating during regular trading hours (RTH), the open outcry method consists of floor traders standing in a trading pit to call out orders, prices, and quantities of a particular commodity or its derivatives. Different colored jackets are worn by the traders to indicate what firm they are a part of. In addition, complex hand signals (called Arb) are used. These hand signals were first used in the 1970s. Today, however, headsets are also used by the brokers to communicate with the traders. The pits are areas of the floor that are lowered to facilitate communication, somewhat like a miniature amphitheater. The pits can be raised and lowered depending on trading volume. To an onlooker, the open outcry system can look chaotic and confusing, but in reality, the system is a tried and true method of accurate and efficient trading. An illustrated project to record the hand signal language used in CME's trading pits has been compiled.

CME Group announced in 2021 that it will permanently close most of its physical trading pits, including those for grain trading. They had been closed since March 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Electronic trading

Operating virtually around the clock, today the CME Globex Trading System is at the heart of CME. Proposed in 1987, it was introduced in 1992 as the first global electronic trading platform for futures contracts. This fully electronic trading system allows market participants to trade from booths at the exchange or while sitting in a home or office thousands of miles away. On October 19, 2004, the one billionth (1,000,000,000) transaction was recorded.

When CME Globex was first launched, it used Reuters' technology and network. September 1998 saw the launch of the second generation of CME Globex using a modified version of the NSC trading system, developed by Paris Bourse for the MATIF (now Euronext).

Traders connect to CME Globex via Market Data Protocol (MDP) and iLink 2.0 for order routing.

Merger

On October 17, 2006, Chicago Mercantile Exchange announced a merger with the Chicago Board of Trade in an $8 billion deal. Shareholders of both companies approved the merger on July 9, 2007, and the deal closed on July 12, 2007. The overarching holding company then launched as CME Group. On January 13, 2008, electronic trading at the Chicago Board of Trade shifted onto CME Globex.

Investigation

In 1984, the CME was investigated by the U.S. Government Accountability Office. During this investigation, it was realized that the open-outcry system could be abused. The GAO noted that the exchange made attempts to cut down on malpractice, but that it is likely that illegal activity still occurs.

Products

Chicago Mercantile Exchange was known as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board when it was founded in 1898, and futures available through the exchange were initially limited to agricultural products. In 1919 the Board was restructured and the name changed to Chicago Mercantile Exchange, which reflected a new focus on commodities beyond butter and eggs, including potatoes, onions, and cheese. In 1972, CME introduced the first financial futures market, offering contracts on seven foreign currencies. By the 2000s, CME had expanded to offer four core financial instruments: commodities, foreign exchange, interest rates, and stock indexes. As of 2022, CME operates under CME Group, which offers a number of derivatives products, including commodities, equity indices, foreign exchange, interest rates, and weather.

For example, as of 2017, agricultural contracts were offered on products such as wheat, corn, soybeans, and lean hogs. In metal futures, the CME trades precious metals, base metals, and ferrous metals. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange is the only market for trading in weather derivatives. It launched its first weather products in 1999. Products include, but are not limited to: futures on rainfall, snowfall, hurricanes, and temperature.

References

Durica, Michael (2006). Product Development for Electronic Derivative Exchanges: The case of the German ifo business climate index as underlying for exchange traded derivatives to hedge business cycle risk. Pro Business. Berlin. ISBN 3-939533-05-X.

Notes

"CMEgroup.com". Investor.cmegroup.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
Encyclopedia of American Industries. Gale. 2011. p. 2432.
"CME Trading Pit Hand Signals History". tradingpithistory.com. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
"CME permanently closes open outcry trading". World-Grain.com. May 10, 2021.
"Deflating Globex: electronic exchanges". The Economisturl-access=subscription. May 21, 1994. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
"Reuters Dumped from Trading Service". Wired. February 21, 1997.
"Chicago Exchange to Buy Rival for $8 Billion". The New York Times. October 17, 2006. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
Lucchetti, Aaron; MacDonald, Alistair; Taylor, Edward (October 18, 2006). "Chicago Merc to Buy Board of Trade". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
^ Krasny, Ros (July 9, 2007). "CME buy of CBOT easily approved by shareholders". Reuters. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
Krasny, Ros (July 12, 2007). "CBOT shares to be delisted at close of trade". Reuters. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
"CME and CBOT Complete Merger Creating the Leading Global Financial Exchange". CME Group. July 12, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
Saphir, Ann (March 3, 2008). "Trading Places". Crain's Chicago Business. Crain Communications Inc.
Simmons, Craig (1989), Chicago Futures Market: Initial Observations on Trade Practice Abuses, pp. 3–6
^ Peijie Wang (March 5, 2009). The Economics of Foreign Exchange and Global Finance. Springer. p. 256. ISBN 9783662592717. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
^ Jay P. Pederson, ed. (2006). International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 75. US: St. James Press.
Bennett A. McDowell (December 28, 2010). The ART of Trading – Combining the Science of Technical Analysis with the Art of Reality-Based Trading. Wiley. ISBN 9781118039380. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
"Chicago Mercantile Exchange records, 1900-2000". University of Illinois at Chicago. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
"TIMELINE-Key dates in the history of CME Group". Reuters. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
Kumar, Rajesh (2014). Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions: Theories and Cases. Elsevier. p. 140. ISBN 9780124171671. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
"Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)". dxFeed. Devexperts Inc. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
Consuegra, Meliyara; Garcia-Verdugo, Javier (December 15, 2016). "Measuring the functional efficiency of agricultural futures markets". Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 61 (2): 232–246. doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12196. S2CID 157882828.
Mensi, Walid; Vo, Xuan Vinh; Kang, Sang Hoon (June 1, 2022). "Upward/downward multifractality and efficiency in metals futures markets: The impacts of financial and oil crises". Resources Policy. 76: 102645. Bibcode:2022RePol..7602645M. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102645. ISSN 0301-4207. S2CID 247299380.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange. "Metal futures and options". CME Group. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
Benth, Espen, Jurate (2012). Modeling And Pricing In Financial Markets For Weather Derivatives. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 100.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bemš, Július; Aydin, Caner (November 18, 2021). "Introduction to weather derivatives". WIREs Energy and Environment. 11 (3). doi:10.1002/wene.426. ISSN 2041-8396. S2CID 244457751.

External links

CME Group Inc. website

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