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{{short description|French feudatory (1191-1219)}}
{{ infobox nobility
{{Infobox noble
| name = Walter III of Châtillon
| name = Walter III of Châtillon
| image = Blason_de_la_maison_de_Châtillon.svg
| title = Lord of ]
| caption =
| noble family = ] | image = Arms of the house of Châtillon.svg
| image_size = 150px
| father = Guy II of Châtillon
| caption =
| mother = ]
| alt =
| spouse = ]
| CoA =
| birth_date = 1166
| more = no
| birth_place =
| succession =
| death_date = 1219
| reign = 1191–1219
| death_place =
| reign-type =
| predecessor = Guy III of Châtillon
| successor = ]<br />]
| suc-type =
| spouse = ]
| spouse-type =
| issue = ]<br />]<br />Béatrix de Châtillon-Saint-Pol<br />Eustachia de Châtillon-Saint-Pol
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name =
| native_name =
| other_titles = ] of ]<br />] of ]
| noble family = ]
| house-type =
| father = Guy II of Châtillon
| mother = ]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{c.}} 1166
| birth_place =
| christening_date =
| christening_place =
| death_date = {{death date|1219|10||df=y}}
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| religion =
| occupation =
| memorials =
| module =
}} }}
'''Walter III of Châtillon''' (1166 - 1219), also known as '''Gaucher III of Châtillon''', was a French nobleman. He was a son of Guy II of Châtillon and ].


'''Walter III of Châtillon''' ({{langx|fr|Gaucher III de Châtillon}} ; {{langx|la|Gualcherius de Castellione}}) was a ] knight and Lord of ], ], ], ] et ] until his death in 1219. With his marriage, he became ]. He was also the ] of ] and the ] of ].
In 1196 he married ],<ref name="Pollock184">M. A. Pollock, ''Scotland, England and France After the Loss of Normandy, 1204-1296'', (The Boydell Press, 2015), 184.</ref> daughter of ] and in 1205, he succeeded his father-in-law as ].


==Biography==
Walter was the father of:
]
*Guy, lord of Chatillon (-1226)<ref name="Pollock184" />
*] (-1248)<ref name="Pollock184" />
*Elisabeth, married ] (-1250)
*Eustachia, in 1215 married Daniel of Bethune,<ref name="Pollock184" /> and later married to Robrecht II of Wavrin, marshal of the ]
*Beatrix, married ], lord of ]


Walter was the second son of Guy II of Châtillon and ].{{sfn|Pollock|2015|p=184}} After his father's death in 1170, his eldest brother became Lord of ] and Walter assist him in his functions while his youngest brother, Robert of Châtillon, do an ecclesiastical career and became bishop of ] in 1210 until his death in 1215.
==References==

{{Reflist}}
In 1189, Walter and his eldest brother Guy participated in the ] and arrived at the ] with the King ] the 30 March 1191,{{sfn|Despréaux|1824|p=21}} but Guy III of Châtillon died during the fight and Walter became the new Lord of Châtillon.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} After the fall of the city and the departure of the french King, he stayed in Holy Land and fought in the ] and the ]. He probably left the Crusade for Châtillon in late 1192.{{sfn|Despréaux|1824|p=22}}

After being noticed for his war abilities during this Crusade, he was named ] of ]{{sfn|d'Arbois de Jubainville|1865|p=499}} then ] of ] in 1196.{{sfn|Petit|1889|p=109}}

In 1196, he married ], daughter and heiress of ], ], and his wife Yolande of Hainaut, and in 1205 he succeeded his father-in-law as ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nieus|first1=Jean-François|title=Élisabeth Candavène, comtesse de Saint-Pol (1205-1240/47) : une héritière face à la Couronne|url=https://www.academia.edu/1945610|journal=Femmes de pouvoir, femmes politiques durant les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge et au cours de la première Renaissance|pages=185–211}}</ref> With his wife, he founded a new town named ] in the forest of ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Viré|first1=L.|title=Rapport sur la charte constitutive de la Villeneuve-le-Comte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0V1AHmgxodUC|journal=Revue des sociétés savantes|year=1868|volume=7|pages=63}}</ref>

In 1203, he joined the french army with the duke ] and the constable of Champagne ] in the conquest of ] against the english King ]. He fought in the ] and the catch of ], ], ] and ].{{sfn|Du Chesne|1621|p=57}}

In 1209, he participated in the initial campaign of the ] and fought at the ] then ]. His abilities attracted the king's attention who gave him an army to fight against the English King in ].{{sfn|Du Chesne|1621|p=59}}{{sfn|Despréaux|1824|p=23}}

In 1213, he fought again for the King in ] and ] and took for him the city of ] and ].{{sfn|Du Chesne|1621|p=60}}{{sfn|Despréaux|1824|p=23}} Before the ] the 27 July 1214, several French Lord doubted his loyalty and he answered ''that on that day the king would find in him a good traitor''. During the battle, he charged and crossed enemy ranks several times, causing many trouble.{{sfn|Petit|1889|p=202}} In the chronicle of ] he is said to have struck down all in his path and cut a hole through the enemy line.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=DRM_peter |title=The Battle of Bouvines (1214) » De Re Militari |url=https://deremilitari.org/2014/03/the-battle-of-bouvines-1214/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> Considering he was a veteran at this point it is not surprising that he fought with distinction. According to ] he withdrew to rest after fighting a long time but saw one of his knights being attacked and rode in to save him suffering from being struck by 12 lances but probably protected by his armor he fought on.<ref name=":0" /> He would go on to achieve legend status through poems about his works being written 40 years after his death by the Minstrel of Reims.<ref name=":0" />

During the ], he supported the Countess-Regent ] and her son ] against the pretender ] and his wife ].{{sfn|d'Arbois de Jubainville|1865|p=127}}

In 1219, he took the cross for the third time of his life and was back at ].{{sfn|Evans|1969|p=287}} He fought at sieges of ] then ]. He died November 1219, probably during a battle.{{sfn|Rémy|1881|p=79}}

], a contemporary chronicler of Walter, described him as ''the bravest in arms of his time''.{{sfn|Du Chesne|1621|p=66}}

Walter appears in ]'s ] of ].

{{gallery
|align=center
|height=250 |width=350
|File:Bataille de bouvines chatillon 04541 du chesne.JPG|Walter III of Châtillon at the ].
|File:Gaucher III de Châtillon.jpg|Seal of Walter III of Châtillon.
|File:Église Notre-Dame Nativité Villeneuve Comte 1.jpg|.Church of ], built from 1203 to 1214.
}}

==Family==
In the year 1196 Walter married Elisabeth of Saint-Pol,{{sfn|Pollock|2015|p=184}} daughter of ], ], and Yolande of Hainaut, and had:
* ],{{sfn|Pollock|2015|p=184}} Count of Saint-Pol after his father's death.
* ],{{sfn|Pollock|2015|p=184}} Lord of Châtillon after his father's death, the Count of Saint-Pol after his brother's death.
* Béatrix de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married to Aubert of Hangest, lord of ].
* Eustachia de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married in 1215 to Daniel of Bethune,{{sfn|Pollock|2015|p=184}} and later married to Robrecht II of Wavrin, marshal of the ]
* Robert, bishop of Laon(1210-1215){{sfn|Painter|2019|loc=Genealogical chart 1}}

After Walter's death, Elisabeth of Saint-Pol married secondly Jean of Béthune, Lord of ].

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=The Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany |first=Sidney |last=Painter |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2019 }}
*{{cite book |last=Pollock |first=M. A. |year=2015 |title=Scotland, England and France After the Loss of Normandy, 1204-1296 |publisher=The Boydell Press }}
*{{cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |editor-first1=Robert Lee |editor-last1=Wolff |editor-first2=Harry W. |editor-last2=Hazard |chapter=The Albigensian Crusade |first=Austin P. |last=Evans |pages=277–324 |publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press |year=1969 }}
*{{cite book |title=Histoire de la maison de Chastillon sur Marne|last=Du Chesne|first=André|year=1621|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnpXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA}}
*{{cite book |first=Simien|last=Despréaux|title=Histoire de la maison Chastillon-Chastillon|location=Paris|publisher=Goujon et Larnault|year=1824|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5505192b/f6}}
*{{cite book |title=Histoire des ducs et comtes de Champagne, tomes 4a et 4b|last=d'Arbois de Jubainville|first=Henri|location=Paris|publisher=Librairie Auguste Durand|year=1865|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KvhCAAAAcAAJ}}
*{{cite book |first=Ange|last=Rémy|title=Histoire de Châtillon-sur-Marne|location=Reims|publisher=Imprimerie E. Bugg, successeur de A. Lagarde|year=1881|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtQnAAAAYAAJ}}
*{{cite book |title=Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race capétienne, tome 3|last=Petit|first=Ernest|year=1889|location=Dijon|publisher=Imprimerie Darantière|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k886568v?rk=214593;2}}
*{{cite book |first=Theodore |last=Evergates |title=The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2007 }}

{{S-start}}
{{succession box | before=] | title=Count of ] |with = his wife Elisabeth of Saint-Pol | years=1205&ndash;1219 | after=]}}
{{succession box | before=Guy III of Châtillon| title=Lord of ] | years=1191&ndash;1219 | after=]}}
{{S-end}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Walter 03 of Chatillon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walter 03 of Chatillon}}
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Latest revision as of 03:00, 18 November 2024

French feudatory (1191-1219)
Walter III of Châtillon
Lord of Châtillon
Reign1191–1219
PredecessorGuy III of Châtillon
SuccessorGuy IV of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Hugh of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Other titlesButler of Champagne
Seneschal of Burgundy
Bornc. 1166
Died(1219-10-00)October 1219
Noble familyHouse of Châtillon
Spouse(s)Elisabeth of Saint-Pol
IssueGuy IV of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Hugh of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Béatrix de Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Eustachia de Châtillon-Saint-Pol
FatherGuy II of Châtillon
MotherAdèle of Dreux

Walter III of Châtillon (French: Gaucher III de Châtillon ; Latin: Gualcherius de Castellione) was a French knight and Lord of Châtillon, Montjay, Troissy, Crécy et Pierrefonds until his death in 1219. With his marriage, he became Count of Saint-Pol. He was also the Butler of Champagne and the Seneschal of Burgundy.

Biography

Old view of Châtillon, with castle's ruins, remparts and priory of Binson.

Walter was the second son of Guy II of Châtillon and Adèle of Dreux. After his father's death in 1170, his eldest brother became Lord of Châtillon and Walter assist him in his functions while his youngest brother, Robert of Châtillon, do an ecclesiastical career and became bishop of Laon in 1210 until his death in 1215.

In 1189, Walter and his eldest brother Guy participated in the Third Crusade and arrived at the siege of Acre with the King Philip Augustus the 30 March 1191, but Guy III of Châtillon died during the fight and Walter became the new Lord of Châtillon. After the fall of the city and the departure of the french King, he stayed in Holy Land and fought in the battle of Arsuf and the battle of Jaffa. He probably left the Crusade for Châtillon in late 1192.

After being noticed for his war abilities during this Crusade, he was named Butler of Champagne then Seneschal of Burgundy in 1196.

In 1196, he married Elisabeth of Saint-Pol, daughter and heiress of Hugh IV of Campdavaine, Count of Saint-Pol, and his wife Yolande of Hainaut, and in 1205 he succeeded his father-in-law as count of Saint-Pol. With his wife, he founded a new town named Villeneuve-le-Comte in the forest of Crécy-la-Chapelle.

In 1203, he joined the french army with the duke Odo III of Burgundy and the constable of Champagne Guy II of Dampierre in the conquest of Normandy against the english King John Lackland. He fought in the Siege of Château Gaillard and the catch of Falaise, Caen, Bayeux and Rouen.

In 1209, he participated in the initial campaign of the Albigensian Crusade and fought at the siege of Béziers then Carcassonne. His abilities attracted the king's attention who gave him an army to fight against the English King in Brittany.

In 1213, he fought again for the King in Flanders and Hainaut and took for him the city of Tournai and Mortagne. Before the battle of Bouvines the 27 July 1214, several French Lord doubted his loyalty and he answered that on that day the king would find in him a good traitor. During the battle, he charged and crossed enemy ranks several times, causing many trouble. In the chronicle of William the Breton he is said to have struck down all in his path and cut a hole through the enemy line. Considering he was a veteran at this point it is not surprising that he fought with distinction. According to William the Breton he withdrew to rest after fighting a long time but saw one of his knights being attacked and rode in to save him suffering from being struck by 12 lances but probably protected by his armor he fought on. He would go on to achieve legend status through poems about his works being written 40 years after his death by the Minstrel of Reims.

During the war of the Succession of Champagne, he supported the Countess-Regent Blanche of Navarre and her son Theobald against the pretender Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt and his wife Philippa of Champagne.

In 1219, he took the cross for the third time of his life and was back at Albigensian Crusade. He fought at sieges of Marmande then Toulouse. He died November 1219, probably during a battle.

William the Breton, a contemporary chronicler of Walter, described him as the bravest in arms of his time.

Walter appears in William Shakespeare's history of King John.

Family

In the year 1196 Walter married Elisabeth of Saint-Pol, daughter of Hugh IV of Campdavaine, Count of Saint-Pol, and Yolande of Hainaut, and had:

  • Guy IV of Châtillon-Saint-Pol, Count of Saint-Pol after his father's death.
  • Hugh of Châtillon-Saint-Pol, Lord of Châtillon after his father's death, the Count of Saint-Pol after his brother's death.
  • Béatrix de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married to Aubert of Hangest, lord of Senlis.
  • Eustachia de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married in 1215 to Daniel of Bethune, and later married to Robrecht II of Wavrin, marshal of the County of Flanders
  • Robert, bishop of Laon(1210-1215)

After Walter's death, Elisabeth of Saint-Pol married secondly Jean of Béthune, Lord of Béthune.

Notes

  1. ^ Pollock 2015, p. 184.
  2. Despréaux 1824, p. 21.
  3. Despréaux 1824, p. 22.
  4. d'Arbois de Jubainville 1865, p. 499.
  5. Petit 1889, p. 109.
  6. Nieus, Jean-François. "Élisabeth Candavène, comtesse de Saint-Pol (1205-1240/47) : une héritière face à la Couronne". Femmes de pouvoir, femmes politiques durant les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge et au cours de la première Renaissance: 185–211.
  7. Viré, L. (1868). "Rapport sur la charte constitutive de la Villeneuve-le-Comte". Revue des sociétés savantes. 7: 63.
  8. Du Chesne 1621, p. 57.
  9. Du Chesne 1621, p. 59.
  10. ^ Despréaux 1824, p. 23.
  11. Du Chesne 1621, p. 60.
  12. Petit 1889, p. 202.
  13. ^ DRM_peter. "The Battle of Bouvines (1214) » De Re Militari". Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  14. d'Arbois de Jubainville 1865, p. 127.
  15. Evans 1969, p. 287.
  16. Rémy 1881, p. 79.
  17. Du Chesne 1621, p. 66.
  18. Painter 2019, Genealogical chart 1.

Sources

Preceded byHugh IV of Saint-Pol Count of Saint-Pol
1205–1219
With: his wife Elisabeth of Saint-Pol 		Succeeded byGuy IV of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
Preceded byGuy III of Châtillon Lord of Châtillon
1191–1219 		Succeeded byHugh of Châtillon-Saint-Pol
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