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{{short description|Cloth tied around the head or neck; bandana}}
⚫ ]

A '''kerchief''' (from the ] ''couvre-chef'', "cover head"), also known as a '''bandana''' or '''bandanna''', is a triangular or square piece of ] tied around the ], ], or ] for protective or decorative purposes. The popularity of ''head kerchiefs'' may vary by culture or religion, often being used as a ] by men and women of the ], ], and ] denominations,<ref name="Hume2013">{{cite book |last1=Hume |first1=Lynne |title=The Religious Life of Dress: Global Fashion and Faith |date=24 October 2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85785-363-9 |language=English |quote=Following the general Anabaptist worldview, Hutterite dress not only emphasizes modesty but also separation from the world. ... The women wear ankle-length skirts or dresses with a blouse, a kerchief-style head covering with polka dots (tiechle), usually black and white, and solid comfortable shoes.}}</ref> as well as by some ] and ] men and women and is also considered a hat.

The '']'' and '']'' are related items.

==Types==
⚫ ===Bandana===
{{Redirect|Bandana}} {{Redirect|Bandana}}
A '''bandana''' or '''bandanna''' (from Hindi and Urdu, ultimately from Sanskrit बन्धन or ], "a bond")<ref name="merriam-webster1">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bandanna |title=Definition of bandanna |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=2012-08-31 |access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref> is a type of large, usually colourful kerchief, originating from the ], often worn on the head or around the neck of a person. Bandanas are frequently printed in a ] pattern and are most often used to hold hair back, either as a fashionable head accessory or for practical purposes. It is also used to tie around the neck to prevent sunburn, and around the mouth and nose to protect from dust inhalation or to hide the identity of its wearer.
{{refimprove|date=November 2010}}
⚫ ]


The word bandana stems from the Hindi words 'bāndhnū,' or "tie-dyeing," and 'bāndhnā,' "to tie." These stem from ] roots 'badhnāti,' "he ties," and Sanskrit 'bandhana' (बन्धन), "a bond."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bandanna |title=Bandanna from Dictionary.com |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=2017-06-10}}</ref> In the 18th and 19th centuries bandanas were frequently known as bandannoes.<ref>Yule and Burnell (2013), "Bandanna", p.78.</ref>
]
] patterns<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bandanna |title=Bandanna from Dictionary.com |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-15}}</ref>]]
]
A '''kerchief''' (from the ] ''couvre-chef'', "cover the head") also known as a '''bandana''' or '''bandanna''', is a ] or ] piece of ] tied around the ] or around the ] for protective or decorative purposes. The popularity of head kerchiefs may vary by culture or religion, as among ] women, ] women, ] women and ] women. It is also worn as a headdresses by ] men in traditional occasions such as weddings by the grooms as well as the ]. Their headdresses are better known as ].


⚫ Bandanas originated in ] as bright-coloured handkerchiefs of silk and cotton with spots in white on coloured grounds, chiefly red and blue ]. The silk styles were made of the finest-quality yarns and were popular. Bandana prints for clothing were first produced in ] from cotton yarns, and are now made in many qualities. The term, at present, generally means a fabric in printed styles, whether silk, silk and cotton, or all cotton.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Glossary of Textile Terms|last=Curtis|first=H. P.|publisher=Marsden & Co. Ltd.|year=1921}}</ref>
==Handkerchief==
A "]" or "hanky" primarily refers to a ] made of cloth, used to dab away perspiration, clear the ]s, or, in ] times, as a means of flirtation. A woman could intentionally drop a dainty square of lacy or embroidered fabric to give a favored man a chance to pick it up as an excuse to speak to her while returning it. Handkerchiefs were sometimes scented to be used like a ] or tussy-mussy, a way of protecting those who could afford them from the obnoxious scents in the street.


The bandana found popularity in the US during the late 1700s because ] users preferred coloured and patterned silk handkerchiefs over white ones, as the former hid tobacco stains better when the users blew their noses. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, bandanas began to appear with political and military advertisements printed on them.{{cn|date=April 2024}} Such printed bandanas were common in the early and mid-1900s during ] and ]. Decorative bandanas were also common gear, particularly as ], for ]s, and so for ] entertainers such as ] and, later, ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/global-history-bandana-180976040/ |title=The Global History of the Bandana |last=Hilgers |first=Laura |date=November 2020 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=14 March 2024}}</ref> The latter singer began wearing bandanas when he moved from ] back to ], "just in time to catch the hippie wave cresting at counterculture center the Armadillo World Headquarters."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/chicago/music/nine-things-you-didnt-know-about-willie-nelson |title=Nine-Things-You-Didnt-Know-About-Willie-Nelson |date=6 June 2012 |access-date=2021-01-19 }}</ref>
==Society==


Around the same time, bandanas also became popular with motorcyclists, particularly with ] and ].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} In the 1970s paisley bandanas also became popular amongst gangs in California, most notably with two well-known rival gangs, the ], who wore red bandanas, and the ], who wore blue ones.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-01-18|title=Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia2016 010 Edited by Annette Lynch and Mitchell D.Strauss Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield 2015 x + 326 pp. 9780759121485(print) 9780759121508(e-book) £49.95 $75|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=30|issue=1|pages=17|doi=10.1108/rr-09-2015-0225|issn=0950-4125}}</ref>
===Outside the West===
The popularity of the bandana and kerchief was at it highest point in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s depending on one's location. After that its popularity started waning in the west, but some eastern cultures maintained its usage for a while, such as in the ] countries. It is largely seen as gender neutral and can be worn by both men and women. Its usage, when wrapped up, was partially replaced by the headband.


Green bandanas have become a symbol of the abortion-rights movement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-07 |title=How the green bandanna became a symbol of the abortion rights movement |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/life/how-the-green-bandanna-became-a-symbol-of-the-abortion-rights-movement/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=The Seattle Times }}</ref>
⚫ ===Bandana===
A '''bandana''' is a type of large, usually colorful, kerchief, usually worn on the head or around the neck of a person or pet and is not considered to be a hat.<ref name="merriam-webster1"/> Bandanas are frequently printed in a ] pattern and are most often used to hold hair back, either as a fashionable head accessory, or for practical purposes.


{{Gallery
⚫ Originated in India as bright coloured handkerchiefs of silk and cotton with spots in white on coloured grounds, chiefly red and blue. The silk styles were made of the finest quality yarns, and were very popular. Bandanna prints for clothing were first produced in Glasgow from cotton yarns, and are now made in many qualities. The term, at present, generally means a fabric in printed styles, whether silk, silk and cotton, or all cotton.<ref>{{Cite book|title=GLOSSARY OF TEXTILE TERMS|last=CURTIS|first=H. P.|publisher=MARSDEN & COMPANY, LIMITED. .|year=1921|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>
|File:Red and blue bandannas.jpg|Red and blue bandanas in traditional ] patterns
|File:Bandanas.jpg|Bandanas are produced in a variety of colors and designs
|File:Bandhani (8357755412).jpg|]
|File:Neck Kerchief.jpg|A man wearing a bandana around his neck
|Image:Bandana.jpg|A girl wearing a bandana on her head to support Portugal in football in the colors of that country's flag
|title=|Ukrainian army - Cooperative Osprey '98.jpg|] soldiers wearing bandanas during a ]}}


===American gang culture=== ===Oramal===
]
Colors, and sometimes designs, can be worn as a means of communication or identification, as with the prominent ] criminal gangs, the ], the ], the ], and the ].
The Oramal is a traditional kerchief used in ] and the ] (note how it is tied, the neck is usually not covered by it). In some countries like ], it was traditionally used only at home, while in public the ] was more popular. In other countries, like ], it was commonly used in public. In ], the white color is an indication that the woman is married.
In gang subcultures, the bandana could be worn in a pocket or, in some cases, around the head. In the late 1960s/early 1970s, the ] and the ] wore red and blue paisley bandanas respectively as a signifier of gang affiliation through the display of their ].

As well it was widely used by men at horse riding in summertime instead of wearing a cap.

===Austronesian headscarves===
Kerchiefs are also worn as ] by ] in ]. Among ] men it is known as ] and is worn during traditional occasions, such as weddings (worn by the groom) and the ].


== See also == == See also ==
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
;Other neckwear: '''Other neckwear:'''
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
⚫ ;Other headwear
{{col-break|gap=4em}}
⚫ '''Other headwear'''
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]/] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
{{col-end}}


==References== == References ==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


;Additional sources
⚫ == External links ==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bandana}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Bandana}}
{{Commons category|Kerchiefs}} {{Commons category|Kerchiefs}}
* {{cite news | last= Hilger | first = Laura | work = Smithsonian Magazine | title = The Global History of the Bandana |url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/global-history-bandana-180976040/ | date= November 2020 }}
* Yule, Henry, & A.C. Burnell (2013). ''Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India''. (Oxford, England: OUP). {{ISBN|9780191645839}}.

⚫ == External links ==
* *
*
<!--]; category applied to ], which redirects here. --> <!--]; category applied to ], which redirects here. -->
<!--]; category applied to ], which redirects here. --> <!--]; category applied to ], which redirects here. -->
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{{Headgear}} {{Headgear}}
{{Clothing}} {{Clothing}}
{{Rodeo}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
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]

Latest revision as of 09:28, 3 December 2024

Cloth tied around the head or neck; bandana
A woman wearing a black bandana on her head

A kerchief (from the Old French couvre-chef, "cover head"), also known as a bandana or bandanna, is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head, face, or neck for protective or decorative purposes. The popularity of head kerchiefs may vary by culture or religion, often being used as a Christian headcovering by men and women of the Anabaptist, Eastern Orthodox, and Plymouth Brethren denominations, as well as by some Orthodox Jewish and Muslim men and women and is also considered a hat.

The neckerchief and handkerchief are related items.

Types

Bandana

"Bandana" redirects here. For other uses, see Bandana (disambiguation).

A bandana or bandanna (from Hindi and Urdu, ultimately from Sanskrit बन्धन or bandhana, "a bond") is a type of large, usually colourful kerchief, originating from the Indian subcontinent, often worn on the head or around the neck of a person. Bandanas are frequently printed in a paisley pattern and are most often used to hold hair back, either as a fashionable head accessory or for practical purposes. It is also used to tie around the neck to prevent sunburn, and around the mouth and nose to protect from dust inhalation or to hide the identity of its wearer.

The word bandana stems from the Hindi words 'bāndhnū,' or "tie-dyeing," and 'bāndhnā,' "to tie." These stem from Sanskrit roots 'badhnāti,' "he ties," and Sanskrit 'bandhana' (बन्धन), "a bond." In the 18th and 19th centuries bandanas were frequently known as bandannoes.

Bandanas originated in India as bright-coloured handkerchiefs of silk and cotton with spots in white on coloured grounds, chiefly red and blue Bandhani. The silk styles were made of the finest-quality yarns and were popular. Bandana prints for clothing were first produced in Glasgow from cotton yarns, and are now made in many qualities. The term, at present, generally means a fabric in printed styles, whether silk, silk and cotton, or all cotton.

The bandana found popularity in the US during the late 1700s because snuff users preferred coloured and patterned silk handkerchiefs over white ones, as the former hid tobacco stains better when the users blew their noses. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, bandanas began to appear with political and military advertisements printed on them. Such printed bandanas were common in the early and mid-1900s during World War I and World War II. Decorative bandanas were also common gear, particularly as neckwear, for cowboys, and so for country and western entertainers such as Roy Rogers and, later, Willie Nelson. The latter singer began wearing bandanas when he moved from Nashville back to Austin, Texas, "just in time to catch the hippie wave cresting at counterculture center the Armadillo World Headquarters."

Around the same time, bandanas also became popular with motorcyclists, particularly with Harley-Davidson riders and bikers. In the 1970s paisley bandanas also became popular amongst gangs in California, most notably with two well-known rival gangs, the Bloods, who wore red bandanas, and the Crips, who wore blue ones.

Green bandanas have become a symbol of the abortion-rights movement.

  • Red and blue bandanas in traditional paisley patterns Red and blue bandanas in traditional paisley patterns
  • Bandanas are produced in a variety of colors and designs Bandanas are produced in a variety of colors and designs
  • Bandhani Bandhani
  • A man wearing a bandana around his neck A man wearing a bandana around his neck
  • A girl wearing a bandana on her head to support Portugal in football in the colors of that country's flag A girl wearing a bandana on her head to support Portugal in football in the colors of that country's flag
  • Ukrainian army soldiers wearing bandanas during a military exercise Ukrainian army soldiers wearing bandanas during a military exercise

Oramal

Oramal

The Oramal is a traditional kerchief used in Central Asia and the Caucasus (note how it is tied, the neck is usually not covered by it). In some countries like Uzbekistan, it was traditionally used only at home, while in public the paranja was more popular. In other countries, like Kazakhstan, it was commonly used in public. In Kyrgyzstan, the white color is an indication that the woman is married.

As well it was widely used by men at horse riding in summertime instead of wearing a cap.

Austronesian headscarves

Kerchiefs are also worn as headdresses by Austronesian cultures in maritime Southeast Asia. Among Malay men it is known as tengkolok and is worn during traditional occasions, such as weddings (worn by the groom) and the pesilat.

See also

Other neckwear:

Other headwear

References

  1. Hume, Lynne (24 October 2013). The Religious Life of Dress: Global Fashion and Faith. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85785-363-9. Following the general Anabaptist worldview, Hutterite dress not only emphasizes modesty but also separation from the world. ... The women wear ankle-length skirts or dresses with a blouse, a kerchief-style head covering with polka dots (tiechle), usually black and white, and solid comfortable shoes.
  2. "Definition of bandanna". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
  3. "Bandanna from Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  4. Yule and Burnell (2013), "Bandanna", p.78.
  5. Curtis, H. P. (1921). Glossary of Textile Terms. Marsden & Co. Ltd.
  6. Hilgers, Laura (November 2020). "The Global History of the Bandana". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  7. "Nine-Things-You-Didnt-Know-About-Willie-Nelson". 6 June 2012. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  8. "Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia2016 010 Edited by Annette Lynch and Mitchell D.Strauss Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield 2015 x + 326 pp. 9780759121485(print) 9780759121508(e-book) £49.95 $75". Reference Reviews. 30 (1): 17. 2016-01-18. doi:10.1108/rr-09-2015-0225. ISSN 0950-4125.
  9. "How the green bandanna became a symbol of the abortion rights movement". The Seattle Times. 2022-07-07. Retrieved 2023-06-19.
Additional sources

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