Misplaced Pages

Arabic names of Gregorian months: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 07:50, 11 August 2016 editKamran the Great (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,472 edits Undid revision 733965603 by 77.42.243.198 (talk) undid vandalism of geographic name.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 02:20, 19 December 2024 edit undo78.82.178.37 (talk)No edit summaryTag: Visual edit 
(255 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|none}}
⚫ {{more citations needed|date=September 2012}}
<!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
⚫ {{refimprove|date=September 2012}}
⚫ The '''Arabic names of calendar months''' of the ] are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Aramaic calendar used in ] and the ], which names most of its Gregorian months after Aramaic names for months of the ] that occur at roughly the same time of year.<ref></ref>


⚫ ] of the months of the ] are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the ] used in ] and the ], whose month names are inherited via ] from the ] and ] ]s and correspond to roughly the same time of year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geonames.de/months.html#ara |title=The months of the Gregorian (Christian) calendar in various languages: Arabic |access-date=20 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022156/http://www.geonames.de/months.html#ara |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫ The Gregorian calendar is and has been used in nearly all the countries of the ], in many places long before European occupation of some of them {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}. Currently, all Arab states except ] (which uses the ] for all purposes) use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}. The names of the Gregorian months as used in ], ], and ] are widely regarded as standard across the Arab world {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}, although the Syro-Mesopotamian names are often used alongside them {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}. In other Arab countries some modification or actual changes in naming or pronunciation of months were observed. The names of the Gregorian calendar months in the different countries of the Arab world were as follows:


⚫ Though the ] and ] are prominent in the ], the Gregorian calendar is and has been used in nearly all the countries of the ], in many places long before European occupation.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} All Arab states use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes. The names of the Gregorian months as used in ], ], and ] are widely regarded as standard across the Arab world, {{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} although their Classical Arabic names are often used alongside them.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} In other Arab countries, some modification or actual changes in naming or pronunciation of months are observed.
== Levant and Mesopotamia==
These names are used primarily in ], ], ], ] and ]. These months are likely derived from the ] names of the ], and eight of the twelve names are ] with the names of the approximately equivalent months of the ].


==Iraq and the Levant==
Nine of these names were used in the Ottoman ], of which five remain in use in modern Turkish.
These names are used primarily in ], ], ], ] and ], as well as by ]. ] inherited the names from the ] and ]s, which are ]. Although the Arabic names are ], they do not refer to the ], as when the names are used in their original Babylonian. Nine of these names were used in the ], of which five remain in use in the ].


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! No. !! Month !! Arabic name !! Transliteration !! ] ! No. !! Month !! Arabic name !! Transliteration !! ] cognate !!Transliteration
|- |-
| 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|كانون الثاني}} || {{transl|ar|Kānūn ath-Thānī}} || | 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|كانُون الثانِي}} || {{transl|ar|Kānūn aṯ-Ṯānī}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܟܢܘܢ ܒ}} || {{transl|sem|Kānōn Ḥrāy}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| شباط}} || {{transl|ar|Shubāṭ}} || ] | 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|شُباط}} || {{transl|ar|Šubāṭ}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܫܒܛ}} || {{transl|sem|Šḇāṭ}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| آذار}} || {{transl|ar|Ādhār}} || ] | 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|آذار}} || {{transl|ar|ʾĀḏār}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܐܕܪ}} || {{transl|sem|ʾĀḏar}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| نيسان}} || {{transl|ar|Nīsān}} || ] | 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نَيْسان}} || {{transl|ar|Naysān}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܢܝܣܢ}} || {{transl|sem|Nīsān}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أيار}} || {{transl|ar|Ayyār}} || ] | 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أَيّار}} || {{transl|ar|ʾAyyār}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܐܝܪ}} || {{transl|sem|ʾĪyār}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
⚫ |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|حَزِيران}} || {{transl|ar|Ḥazīrān}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܚܙܝܪܢ}} ||{{transl|sem|Ḥzīrān}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| حزيران}} || {{transl|ar|Ḥazīrān / Ḥuzayrān}} || | 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|تَمُّوز}} || {{transl|ar|Tammūz}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܬܡܘܙ}} ||{{transl|sem|Tammūz}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| تموز}} || {{transl|ar|Tammūz}} || ] | 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|آب}} || {{transl|ar|ʾĀb}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܐܒ}} || {{transl|sem|ʾĀb/Ṭabbāḥ}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| آب}} || {{transl|ar|Āb}} || ] | 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أَيْلُول}} || {{transl|ar|ʾAylūl}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܐܝܠܘܠ}} || {{transl|sem|ʾĪlūl}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل}} || {{transl|ar|Tišrīn al-ʾAwwal}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܬܫܪܝܢ ܐ}} || {{transl|sem|Tešrīn Qḏīm}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
| 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أيلول}} || {{transl|ar|Aylūl}} || ]
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| تشرين الأول}} || {{transl|ar|Tishrīn al-Awwal}} || ] | 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|تِشْرِين الثانِي}} || {{transl|ar|Tišrīn aṯ-Ṯānī}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ}} || {{transl|sem|Tešrīn Ḥrāy}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
|- |-
| 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| تشرين الثاني}} || {{transl|ar|Tishrīn ath-Thānī}} || ], however, ] would be next. | 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|كانُون الْأَوَّل}} || {{transl|ar|Kānūn al-ʾAwwal}} || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|syc|ܟܢܘܢ ܐ}} ||{{transl|sem|Kānōn Qḏīm}}<!--- This is a transliteration (which reflects the letters and vowel points), not a transcription (which reflects pronounciation). --->
⚫ |-
| 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| كانون الأول}} || {{transl|ar|Kānūn al-Awwal}} ||
|} |}


== Egypt, Sudan, Arabia (All Persian Gulf countries) == == Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Eastern Arabia ==
The names of the Gregorian months in Egypt, Sudan and ] are based on the old ] names.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! No. !! Month !! Arabic name !! Transliteration !! ] pronunciation ! No. !! Month !! Arabic name !! Transliteration !! Latin name !! ] pronunciation
|- |-
| 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| يناير}} || {{transl|ar|Yanāyir}} || {{IPA-arz|jæ'næːjer|}} | 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يَنايِر}} || {{transl|ar|Yanāyir}} || ''{{lang|la|Ianuarius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|jæ'næːjeɾ|}}
|- |-
| 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| فبراير}} || {{transl|ar|Fibrāyir}} || {{IPA-arz|febˈɾˤɑːjeɾ|}} | 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|فِبْرايِر}} || {{transl|ar|Fibrāyir}} || ''{{lang|la|Februarius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|febˈɾɑːjeɾ|}}
|- |-
| 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| مارس}} || {{transl|ar|Māris}} || {{IPA-arz|ˈmæːɾes|}} | 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|مارِس}} || {{transl|ar|Mārs/Māris}} || ''{{lang|la|Martius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ˈmæːɾes|}}
|- |-
| 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أبريل / إبريل}} || {{transl|ar|Abrīl / Ibrīl}} || {{IPA-arz|ʔebˈɾiːl, ʔæb-|}} | 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أَبْرِيل / إبْرِيل}} || {{transl|ar|ʾAbrīl / ʾIbrīl}} || ''{{lang|la|Aprilis}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ʔɪbˈɾiːl, ʔæb-|}}
|- |-
| 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| مايو}} || {{transl|ar|Māyū}} || {{IPA-arz|ˈmæːjo|}} | 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|مايُو}} || {{transl|ar|Māyū}} || ''{{lang|la|Maius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ˈmæːju|}}
|- |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| يونيو / يونية}} || {{transl|ar|Yūniyū / Yūniyya}} || {{IPA-arz|ˈjonjæ, -jo|}} | 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يُونِيُو / يُونِية}} || {{transl|ar|Yūniyū / Yūnyah}} || ''{{lang|la|Iunius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ˈjonjæ, -jo|}}
|- |-
| 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| يوليو / يولية}} || {{transl|ar|Yūliyū / Yūliyya}} || {{IPA-arz|ˈjoljæ, -jo|}} | 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يُولِيُو / يُولِية}} || {{transl|ar|Yūliyū / Yūliyah}} || ''{{lang|la|Iulius}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ˈjoljæ, -ju|}}
|- |-
| 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أغسطس}} || {{transl|ar|Aghusṭus}} || {{IPA-arz|ɑˈɣostˤos, oˈ-|}} | 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أَغُسْطُس}} || {{transl|ar|ʾAğusṭus}} || ''{{lang|la|Augustus}}'' || {{IPA|arz|ʔɑˈɣostˤos, ʔoˈ-|}}
|- |-
| 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| سبتمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Sibtambir}} || {{IPA-arz|sebˈtæmbeɾ, -ˈtem-, -ˈtɑm-|}} | 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|سِبْتَمْبَر}} || {{transl|ar|Sibtambar}} || ''{{lang|la|September}}'' || {{IPA|arz|sebˈtæmbeɾ, -ˈtem-, -ˈtɑm-|}}
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أكتوبر}} || {{transl|ar|Uktūbar}} || {{IPA-arz|okˈtoːbɑɾˤ, ek-, ɑk-|}} | 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أُكْتُوبَر}} || {{transl|ar|ʾUktūbar}} || ''{{lang|la|October}}'' || {{IPA|arz|okˈtoːbɑɾ, ek-, ɑk-|}}
|- |-
| 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| نوفمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Nūfambir}} || {{IPA-arz|noˈvæmbeɾ, -ˈvem-, -ˈfæm-,<br/>-ˈfem-, -ˈvɑm-, -ˈfɑm-|}} | 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نُوفَمْبَر / نُوَنْبِر}} || {{transl|ar|Nūfambar / Nuwanbar}} || ''{{lang|la|November}}'' || {{IPA|arz|noˈvæmbeɾ, -ˈvem-, -ˈfæm-,<br/>-ˈfem-, -ˈvɑm-, -ˈfɑm-, -ˈwem-, -ˈwæm-, -ˈwɑm-|}}
|- |-
| 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| ديسمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Dīsambir}} || {{IPA-arz|deˈsæmbeɾ, -ˈsem-, -ˈsɑm-|}} | 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|دِيسَمْبَر}} || {{transl|ar|Dīsambar}} || ''{{lang|la|December}}'' || {{IPA|arz|deˈsæmbeɾ, -ˈsem-, -ˈsɑm-|}}
|} |}
'''


== Libya (1969–2011)== == Libya (1969–2011)==
The names of months used in ] were derived from various sources, and were assembled after ]'s seizure of power in 1969 and abolished after the 17 February 2011 revolution. The decision of changing calendar names was adopted in June 1986.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-06-23/news/8602060902_1_arab-libya–-news-agency-calendar |title=Libya Changes Names Of Months On Calendar - Sun Sentinel |publisher=Articles.sun-sentinel.com |date=1986-06-23 |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> Although the Libyan calendar follows the same sequence of the (renamed) Gregorian months, it counts the years from the death of the prophet ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html#libyan |title=ACM: Months |publisher=Library.princeton.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100620145817/http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html |archivedate=20 June 2010 }}</ref> This reckoning is therefore ten years behind the solar hegira used in Afghanistan and Persia. The names of months used in the ] were derived from various sources, and were assembled after ]'s seizure of power in 1969 and abolished in 2011 after the ]. The decision of changing calendar names was adopted in June 1986.<ref>{{cite web |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-06-23/news/8602060902_1_arab-libya–-news-agency-calendar |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140209182517/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-06-23/news/8602060902_1_arab-libya%E2%80%93-news-agency-calendar |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2014 |title=Libya Changes Names Of Months On Calendar - Sun Sentinel |publisher=Articles.sun-sentinel.com |date=1986-06-23 |accessdate=2013-03-25 }}</ref> The Libyan calendar, which followed the same sequence of renamed Gregorian months, counted the years from the death of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html#libyan |title=ACM: Months |publisher=Library.princeton.edu |accessdate=2013-03-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620145817/http://library.princeton.edu/departments/tsd/acm/appendix/months.html |archivedate=20 June 2010 }}</ref> This reckoning was therefore ten years behind the ] used in ] and ].


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration || Meaning<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/lyalexcons/home-english/libyan-arab-jamahiriya |title=Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - الموقع غير الرسمى للقنصلية الليبية بالاسكندرية |publisher=Sites.google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> ! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration || Meaning<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/lyalexcons/home-english/libyan-arab-jamahiriya |title=Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - الموقع غير الرسمى للقنصلية الليبية بالاسكندرية |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref>
|- |-
| 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أي النار}} || {{transl|ar|Ayy an-Nār}} || which of the fires | 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أَيّ النار}} || {{transl|ar|Ayy an-Nār}} || that of the fires
|- |-
| 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|النوار}} || {{transl|ar|an-Nuwwār}} || the mornings | 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|النُوّار}} || {{transl|ar|an-Nuwwār}} || the blooming
|- |-
|rowspan="2"| 3 ||rowspan="2"| March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| الربيع}} || {{transl|ar|ar-Rabī‘}} || the spring/fall |rowspan="2"| 3 ||rowspan="2"| March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| الرَبِيع}} || {{transl|ar|ar-Rabīʿ}} || the spring
|- |-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |''{{transl|ar|al-Mirrij}}'' was also used<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conf-dts1.unog.ch/1%20SPA/Tradutek/Varios/00-Tratamiento_arabe_Anexo_ManualTraductor.htm |title=Tratamiento del árabe |publisher=Conf-dts1.unog.ch |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> || |colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |''{{transl|ar|al-Mirrij}}'' was also used<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conf-dts1.unog.ch/1%20SPA/Tradutek/Varios/00-Tratamiento_arabe_Anexo_ManualTraductor.htm |title=Tratamiento del árabe |publisher=Conf-dts1.unog.ch |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> ||
|- |-
| 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الطير}} || {{transl|ar|aṭ-Ṭayr}} || the bird | 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الطَيْر}} || {{transl|ar|aṭ-Ṭayr}} || the bird
|- |-
| 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الماء}} || {{transl|ar|al-Mā’}} || the water | 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الماء}} || {{transl|ar|al-Māʾ}} || the water
|- |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الصيف}} || {{transl|ar|aṣ-Ṣayf}} || the summer | 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الصَيْف}} || {{transl|ar|aṣ-Ṣayf}} || the summer
|- |-
| 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| ناصر}} || {{transl|ar|Nāṣir}} || from ] | 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|ناصِر}} || {{transl|ar|Nāṣir}} || from ]
|- |-
| 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|هانيبال}} || {{transl|ar|Hānībāl}} || from ] | 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|هانِيبال}} || {{transl|ar|Hānībāl}} || from ]
|- |-
| 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الفاتح}} || {{transl|ar|al-Fātiḥ}} || the lightened | 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الفاتِح}} || {{transl|ar|al-Fātiḥ}} || referring to ]
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| التمور / الثمور}} || {{transl|ar|at-Tumūr / ath-Thumūr}} || the dates | 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|التُمُور / الثُمُور}} || {{transl|ar|at-Tumūr / aṯ-Ṯumūr}} || the dates
|- |-
| 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الحرث}} || {{transl|ar|al-Ḥarth}} || the tillage | 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الحَرْث}} || {{transl|ar|al-Ḥarṯ}} || the tillage
|- |-
| 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الكانون}} || {{transl|ar|al-Kānūn}} || the canon | 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|الكانُون}} || {{transl|ar|al-Kānūn}} || the canon
|} |}


== Algeria and Tunisia== == Algeria and Tunisia==
The names of the Gregorian months in ] and ] are based on the ] names of the months, reflecting ]'s long colonisation of these countries (1830-1962, ] and 1881-1956 ]). The original French names are therefore listed below. The names of the Gregorian months in ] and ] are based on the ] names of the months, reflecting ]'s long colonisation of these countries (1830–1962 ]; 1881–1956 ]).


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
Line 110: Line 112:
! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration || French name ! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration || French name
|- |-
| 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جانفي}} || {{transl|ar|Jānfī}} || ''{{lang|fr|Janvier}}'' | 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جانْفِي}} || {{transl|ar|Jānvi}}|| ''{{lang|fr|janvier}}''
|- |-
| 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|فيفري}} || {{transl|ar|Fīfrī}} || ''{{lang|fr|Février}}'' | 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|فِيفْرِي}} || {{transl|ar|Fīvri}}|| ''{{lang|fr|février}}''
|- |-
| 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|مارس}} || {{transl|ar|Mārs / Māris}} || ''{{lang|fr|Mars}}'' | 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|مارْس}} || {{transl|ar|Mārs / Māris}} || ''{{lang|fr|mars}}''
|- |-
| 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أفريل}} || {{transl|ar|Afrīl}} || ''{{lang|fr|Avril}}'' | 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أفْرِيل}} || {{transl|ar|ʾAvrīl}}|| ''{{lang|fr|avril}}''
|- |-
| 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|ماي}} || {{transl|ar|Māy}} || ''{{lang|fr|Mai}}'' | 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|ماي}} || {{transl|ar|Mēy}}|| ''{{lang|fr|mai}}''
|- |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جوان}} || {{transl|ar|Juwān}} || ''{{lang|fr|Juin}}'' | 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جْوان}}|| {{transl|ar|Jwān}}|| ''{{lang|fr|juin}}''
|- |-
| 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جويلية}} || {{transl|ar|Juwīliyya}} || ''{{lang|fr|Juillet}}'' | 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|جْوِيلِْية}}|| {{transl|ar|Jwīlya}}|| ''{{lang|fr|juillet}}''
|- |-
| 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أوت}} || {{transl|ar|Ūt}} || ''{{lang|fr|Août}}'' | 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أُوت}} || {{transl|ar|ʾŪt}} || ''{{lang|fr|août}}''
|- |-
| 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|سبتمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Sibtambir}} || ''{{lang|fr|Septembre}}'' | 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|سِبْتُمْبر}}|| {{transl|ar|Septōmbr}}|| ''{{lang|fr|septembre}}''
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أكتوبر}} || {{transl|ar|Uktūbir}} || ''{{lang|fr|Octobre}}'' | 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أُكْتُوبر}}|| {{transl|ar|ʾOktōbr}}|| ''{{lang|fr|octobre}}''
|- |-
| 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نوفمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Nūfambir}} || ''{{lang|fr|Novembre}}'' | 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نُوفُمْبر}}|| {{transl|ar|Novōmbr}}|| ''{{lang|fr|novembre}}''
|- |-
| 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|ديسمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Dīsambir}} || ''{{lang|fr|Décembre}}'' | 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|دِيسُمْبر}}|| {{transl|ar|Desōmbr}}|| ''{{lang|fr|décembre}}''
|}
|}


== Morocco== == Morocco==
Line 142: Line 144:
! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration ! No. || Month || Arabic name || Transliteration
|- |-
| 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| يناير}} || {{transl|ar|Yannāyir}} | 1 || January || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يَنّايِر}} || {{transl|ar|Yannāyir}}
|- |-
| 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| فبراير}} || {{transl|ar|Fibrāyir}} | 2 || February || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|فِبْرايِر}} || {{transl|ar|Fibrāyir}}
|- |-
| 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| مارس}} || {{transl|ar|Mārs}} | 3 || March || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|مارْس}} || {{transl|ar|Mārs}}
|- |-
| 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| أبريل}} || {{transl|ar|Ibrīl}} | 4 || April || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|إبْرِيل}} || {{transl|ar|ʾIbrīl}}
|- |-
| 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| مايو}} || {{transl|ar|Māyū}} | 5 || May || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|ماي}} || {{transl|ar|Māy}}
|- |-
| 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يونيو}} || {{transl|ar|Yūniyū}} | 6 || June || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يُونِيُّو}} || {{transl|ar|Yūniyyū}}
|- |-
| 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يوليوز}} || {{transl|ar|Yūliyū}} | 7 || July || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|يُولِيُّوز}} || {{transl|ar|Yūliyyūz}}
|- |-
| 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|غشت}} || {{transl|ar|Ghusht}} | 8 || August || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|غُشْت}} || {{transl|ar|Ğušt}}
|- |-
| 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar| شتمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Shutambir}} | 9 || September || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|شُتَنْبِر}} || {{transl|ar|Šutanbir}}
|- |-
| 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أكتوبر}} || {{transl|ar|Uktūbir}} | 10 || October || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|أُكْتُوبِر}} || {{transl|ar|ʾUktūbir}}
|- |-
| 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نونبر}} || {{transl|ar|Nuwanbir}} | 11 || November || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|نُوَنْبِر}} || {{transl|ar|Nuwanbir}}
|- |-
| 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|دجمبر}} || {{transl|ar|Dujambir}} | 12 || December || style="direction:rtl;" | {{lang|ar|دُجَنْبِر}} || {{transl|ar|Dujanbir}}
|} |}

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
Line 171: Line 184:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Arabic Names Of Calendar Months}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arabic Names Of Calendar Months}}
]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 02:20, 19 December 2024

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Arabic names of Gregorian months" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year.

Though the lunar Hijri calendar and solar Hijri calendar are prominent in the Middle East, the Gregorian calendar is and has been used in nearly all the countries of the Arab world, in many places long before European occupation. All Arab states use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes. The names of the Gregorian months as used in Egypt, Sudan, and Yemen are widely regarded as standard across the Arab world, although their Classical Arabic names are often used alongside them. In other Arab countries, some modification or actual changes in naming or pronunciation of months are observed.

Iraq and the Levant

These names are used primarily in Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine, as well as by Arab citizens of Israel. Classical Arabic inherited the names from the Babylonian and Assyrian calendars, which are lunisolar. Although the Arabic names are cognate, they do not refer to the lunar months, as when the names are used in their original Babylonian. Nine of these names were used in the Ottoman Turkish calendar, of which five remain in use in the modern Turkish calendar.

No. Month Arabic name Transliteration Syriac cognate Transliteration
1 January كانُون الثانِي Kānūn aṯ-Ṯānī ܟܢܘܢ ܒ Kānōn Ḥrāy
2 February شُباط Šubāṭ ܫܒܛ Šḇāṭ
3 March آذار ʾĀḏār ܐܕܪ ʾĀḏar
4 April نَيْسان Naysān ܢܝܣܢ Nīsān
5 May أَيّار ʾAyyār ܐܝܪ ʾĪyār
6 June حَزِيران Ḥazīrān ܚܙܝܪܢ Ḥzīrān
7 July تَمُّوز Tammūz ܬܡܘܙ Tammūz
8 August آب ʾĀb ܐܒ ʾĀb/Ṭabbāḥ
9 September أَيْلُول ʾAylūl ܐܝܠܘܠ ʾĪlūl
10 October تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل Tišrīn al-ʾAwwal ܬܫܪܝܢ ܐ Tešrīn Qḏīm
11 November تِشْرِين الثانِي Tišrīn aṯ-Ṯānī ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ Tešrīn Ḥrāy
12 December كانُون الْأَوَّل Kānūn al-ʾAwwal ܟܢܘܢ ܐ Kānōn Qḏīm

Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Eastern Arabia

The names of the Gregorian months in Egypt, Sudan and Eastern Arabia are based on the old Latin names.

No. Month Arabic name Transliteration Latin name Egyptian pronunciation
1 January يَنايِر Yanāyir Ianuarius [jæ'næːjeɾ]
2 February فِبْرايِر Fibrāyir Februarius [febˈɾɑːjeɾ]
3 March مارِس Mārs/Māris Martius [ˈmæːɾes]
4 April أَبْرِيل / إبْرِيل ʾAbrīl / ʾIbrīl Aprilis [ʔɪbˈɾiːl, ʔæb-]
5 May مايُو Māyū Maius [ˈmæːju]
6 June يُونِيُو / يُونِية Yūniyū / Yūnyah Iunius [ˈjonjæ, -jo]
7 July يُولِيُو / يُولِية Yūliyū / Yūliyah Iulius [ˈjoljæ, -ju]
8 August أَغُسْطُس ʾAğusṭus Augustus [ʔɑˈɣostˤos, ʔoˈ-]
9 September سِبْتَمْبَر Sibtambar September [sebˈtæmbeɾ, -ˈtem-, -ˈtɑm-]
10 October أُكْتُوبَر ʾUktūbar October [okˈtoːbɑɾ, ek-, ɑk-]
11 November نُوفَمْبَر / نُوَنْبِر Nūfambar / Nuwanbar November [noˈvæmbeɾ, -ˈvem-, -ˈfæm-,
-ˈfem-, -ˈvɑm-, -ˈfɑm-, -ˈwem-, -ˈwæm-, -ˈwɑm-]
12 December دِيسَمْبَر Dīsambar December [deˈsæmbeɾ, -ˈsem-, -ˈsɑm-]

Libya (1969–2011)

The names of months used in the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011) were derived from various sources, and were assembled after Muammar Gaddafi's seizure of power in 1969 and abolished in 2011 after the 17 February Revolution. The decision of changing calendar names was adopted in June 1986. The Libyan calendar, which followed the same sequence of renamed Gregorian months, counted the years from the death of Muhammad. This reckoning was therefore ten years behind the Solar Hijri calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan.

No. Month Arabic name Transliteration Meaning
1 January أَيّ النار Ayy an-Nār that of the fires
2 February النُوّار an-Nuwwār the blooming
3 March الرَبِيع ar-Rabīʿ the spring
al-Mirrij was also used
4 April الطَيْر aṭ-Ṭayr the bird
5 May الماء al-Māʾ the water
6 June الصَيْف aṣ-Ṣayf the summer
7 July ناصِر Nāṣir from Gamal Abd el-Nasser
8 August هانِيبال Hānībāl from Hannibal Barca
9 September الفاتِح al-Fātiḥ referring to al-Fateh Revolution
10 October التُمُور / الثُمُور at-Tumūr / aṯ-Ṯumūr the dates
11 November الحَرْث al-Ḥarṯ the tillage
12 December الكانُون al-Kānūn the canon

Algeria and Tunisia

The names of the Gregorian months in Algeria and Tunisia are based on the French names of the months, reflecting France's long colonisation of these countries (1830–1962 in Algeria; 1881–1956 in Tunisia).

No. Month Arabic name Transliteration French name
1 January جانْفِي Jānvi janvier
2 February فِيفْرِي Fīvri février
3 March مارْس Mārs / Māris mars
4 April أفْرِيل ʾAvrīl avril
5 May ماي Mēy mai
6 June جْوان Jwān juin
7 July جْوِيلِْية Jwīlya juillet
8 August أُوت ʾŪt août
9 September سِبْتُمْبر Septōmbr septembre
10 October أُكْتُوبر ʾOktōbr octobre
11 November نُوفُمْبر Novōmbr novembre
12 December دِيسُمْبر Desōmbr décembre

Morocco

As Morocco was long part of the Roman Empire, the long-standing agricultural Berber calendar of the country preserves the Julian calendar and (in modified form) the names of its months. There are regional variations of the Berber calendar, since some communities did not recognise the Julian 29 February in century years where the Gregorian calendar had no equivalent date. When Morocco adopted the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes, the names of the months were taken from this local tradition.

No. Month Arabic name Transliteration
1 January يَنّايِر Yannāyir
2 February فِبْرايِر Fibrāyir
3 March مارْس Mārs
4 April إبْرِيل ʾIbrīl
5 May ماي Māy
6 June يُونِيُّو Yūniyyū
7 July يُولِيُّوز Yūliyyūz
8 August غُشْت Ğušt
9 September شُتَنْبِر Šutanbir
10 October أُكْتُوبِر ʾUktūbir
11 November نُوَنْبِر Nuwanbir
12 December دُجَنْبِر Dujanbir

See also

References

  1. "The months of the Gregorian (Christian) calendar in various languages: Arabic". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  2. "Libya Changes Names Of Months On Calendar - Sun Sentinel". Articles.sun-sentinel.com. Agence France-Presse. 23 June 1986. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  3. "ACM: Months". Library.princeton.edu. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  4. "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - الموقع غير الرسمى للقنصلية الليبية بالاسكندرية". Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  5. "Tratamiento del árabe". Conf-dts1.unog.ch. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
Categories: