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			{{Short description\|Office building in Manchester, England}}
	]
			{{Use British English\|date=April 2014}}
	The '''CIS Tower''' is the second ] in ], ]. Measuring 120 metres tall, the glass roofed building is home to Co-operative Financial Services. The building was built in 1962.
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2014}}
			{{Infobox building
			\|name = CIS Tower
			\|image = Co-operative Insurance Society Tower, Miller Street, Manchester (2) (geograph 2757249).jpg
			\|image_size = 260px
			\|caption = The CIS Tower with solar panel-clad service tower on the left and glazed office tower on the right.
			\|status = Grade II
			\|location = ], England
			\|mapframe=no
			\|coordinates = {{coord\|53\|29\|11\|N\|2\|14\|18\|W\|display=inline,title}}
			\|start_date = September 1959
			\|completion_date = 1962
			\|opening = 22 October 1962
			\|renovation_date = 2006
			\| highest_prev = ]
			\| highest_next = ]
			\| highest_start = 1962
			\| highest_end = 1963
			\| highest_region = ]
			\|building_type = Office
			\|architectural_style= ]
			\|antenna_spire =
			\|roof = {{convert\|118\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}
			\|top_floor =
			\|floor_count = 25
			\|elevator_count =
			\|cost = £3.98 million
			\|floor_area = {{convert\|388,000\|ft2\|m2\|abbr=on}}
			\|architect = ] <br> G. S. Hay
			\|structural_engineer=
			\|main_contractor =
			\|developer = ]
			\|owner = Castlebrook Investments
			\|management =
			\| designations = {{Designation list
			\| embed = yes
			\| designation1 = Grade II Listed Building
			\| designation1_offname = Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) Building
			\| designation1_date = 24 November 1995
			\| designation1_number = {{NHLE\|num=1270494\|short=y\|postscript=none}}
			}}
			}}

			The '''CIS Tower''' is a ] office building on Miller Street in ], England. Designed for the ] (CIS) by architects ] and G. S. Hay, the building was completed in 1962 and rises to {{convert\|118\|m\|abbr=on}} in height. As of October 2024, the Grade II ] is Greater Manchester's ] and the tallest office building in the United Kingdom outside London. The tower remained as built for over 40 years, until maintenance issues on the service tower required an extensive renovation, which included covering its façade in ].
	Currently the building is undergoing a major facelift as it is to be clad in ] panels which will be able to power over 75 homes. The project is now complete and the tower has since lost its title as the tallest building in Manchester to the ] which is 171m tall. The tower also has an urban wind farm on its roof, made up of 19 1Kw wind turbines.

			==Location==
	As a legacy of the cold war era, it contains a nuclear bunker beneath designed to house the company's directors in the event of a nuclear war.
			The tower is situated on Miller Street, which forms the ], and stands adjacent to ], a high-rise office building also designed by Gordon Tait and G. S. Hay and constructed concurrently for the CIS's parent company, the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS).<ref name=NCH>{{cite web\|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1255052\|title=New Century House\|work=]\|date=26 April 2013\|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> The plot on which the building stands had been heavily bombed during ] and subsequently cleared.<ref name=NHLE>{{NHLE \|num=1270494 \|desc=Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) building, Miller Street, Manchester \|grade=II\|access-date=23 August 2013\|mode=cs2}}</ref> The site chosen for CIS Tower and New Century House was one of two areas of land offered by the local authority; the other site was in ], but this came with the condition that any development scheme had to include shops and a hotel.<ref name=BCU>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bcu.ac.uk/Download/Asset/cd53b53d-be5a-49c8-aea0-ab0d9182b635\|title=Trying to close the loop: post-war ring roads in Manchester\|first1=Richard\|last1=Brook\|first2=Matthew\|last2=Jarvis\|work=]\|date=\|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> Not wishing to compromise their autonomy, the CIS board chose the Miller Street site.<ref name=BCU/>

			Opposite the tower sits ], which opened in 2013 and serves as the headquarters of the ] (the successor to the CWS). The complex of buildings form ] (a portmanteau of 'North Manchester'), a {{convert\|20\|acres\|abbr=off}} area of land previously known as the Co-operative Estate. The area was developed by the Co-operative Group in a joint venture with ]. In 2017, the Co-operative Group sold its stake in NOMA to Hermes Investment Management in order to focus on its core retail business, however, it remains a tenant in several buildings.<ref name=NOMA>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ft.com/content/70f6ff0c-e66c-11e7-8b99-0191e45377ec\|title=Co-op Group sells remaining Manchester property\|first=Andy\|last=Bounds\|work=]\|date=21 December 2017\|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> More than 6,500 people work in the neighbourhood.<ref name=NOMA/>
	== External links ==
	* – CIS's Web page about the solar panel project

			==Design==
	{{UK-struct-stub}}
			]
	]

			===Form===
			The office tower building rises above a five-storey ] block. Each of the podium floors is {{convert\|75 x 55\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}, providing {{convert\|4,125\|m2\|ft2\|abbr=on}} floor space per storey.{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|p=29}} Each office floor in the tower is {{convert\|18 x 44\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}, creating {{convert\|727\|m2\|ft2\|abbr=on}} floor space per storey.{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|p=29}} The tower element consists of the steel-framed main office building and a windowless ] service tower.{{sfnp\|Kindred\|Normandin\|Macdonald\|2007\|p=51}} The service tower rises higher than the main office block and houses lifts and stairwells.<ref name="Air con">{{Citation \|title=Part-3 Air Conditioned Office Buildings\|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-458645-cooperative-insurance-society-manchester\|format = PDF\|page = 12 \|publisher=Heritage Group Website for CIBSE\|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>

			The building has a symmetrical plan, with the main tower rising up from the north-eastern end of the podium block and projecting at the front over the first two floors and the main entrance.<ref name=NHLE/> The service tower is attached to the centre of the main tower's south-west side, forming a squat T-shape.<ref name=NHLE/> In total, the building has {{convert\|388,000\|ft2\|m2\|abbr=on}} of floor area,<ref name=Insider>{{cite web\|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/news/north-west/cis-tower-snapped-up-for-more-than-65m\|title=CIS Tower snapped up for more than £65m\|first=Richard\|last=Frost\|work=Insider Media Limited\|date=11 May 2017\|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> with clear open spaces on the office floors.

			===Façade===
			Both the office tower and podium feature glass ]s with metal window frames. Black ] panels demarcate the floor levels. The building materials, glass, enamelled steel and aluminium, were chosen so that the building could remain clean in the polluted Manchester atmosphere.<ref name = "LaB"/>

			The tower's concrete service shaft, which rises above the office tower, has two bands of vents at the top and was clad in a mosaic made up of 14 million centimetre-square grey ]e.<ref name=NHLE/> designed to shimmer and sparkle.<ref name ="Hist"/>

			===Interiors===
			A green ]-like, abstract ] sculpted by ] made from ] covers the entrance hall's rear wall.<ref name=NHLE/> Interiors were designed by ] of the ]. The executive areas are delineated by the use of ] and cherry ]s.<ref name = "LaB"/>

			==Development==
			===Planning===
			The CIS board of directors decided that a new headquarters was needed to accommodate its 2,500 staff, who were dispersed in 10 different buildings across Manchester.{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|p=29}} In January 1953, CIS General Manager Robert Dinnage told his board to begin planning a new head office and that year entered into initial discussions with Manchester Corporation (now ]).{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|pp=29-30}} The design brief for the building, devised by Dinnage, was threefold: to convey the prestige of the CIS and the ]; to improve the appearance of Manchester in which the Society was one of the largest financial organisations; and to provide first-class accommodation for the staff.<ref name=NHLE/>

			The CIS board formed a chief office premises sub-committee to oversee the project. A deputation of appointed architects, designers and directors travelled to ], the ] and ] to examine contemporary office design.<ref name=MM>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mainstreammodern.co.uk/casestudies.aspx/Detail/1/cis-and-cws-buildings\|title=CIS and CWS Buildings\|work=Mainstream Modern\|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> The tower's design was influenced by ]'s ] in Chicago after a visit by the architects in 1958.<ref name="Hist">{{Citation\|title=History of the solar tower\|url=http://www.goodwithmoney.co.uk/history-of-the-solar-tower\|publisher=The Co-operative Bank\|date=31 October 2011\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425021238/http://www.goodwithmoney.co.uk/history-of-the-solar-tower\|archive-date=25 April 2012\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Having viewed the Inland Steel Building, the project team decided to aim for clear unbroken floors unobstructed by lift shafts and toilets to provide maximum flexibility.{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|pp=29-30}}

			In 1958, the company proposed building an office tower block, designed by G.S. Hay, chief architect of the CWS with Gordon Tait of Sir John Burnet, Tait and Partners.

			===Construction===
			Construction began in September 1959 and was completed in 1962 at a cost of £3.98 million (equivalent to approximately £86.8 million in 2020).{{sfnp\|Cave\|Duffy\|Worthington\|2016\|p=29}}<ref>{{Citation \|title=CIS Tower \|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=118 \|publisher=Skyscraper News \|date=31 October 2011 \|access-date=31 October 2011 \|archive-date=16 April 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416163845/http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=118 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation \|title=Inflation Calculator\|url=https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation/inflation-calculator\|publisher=]\|date=20 January 2021\|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> The main contractors for the CIS Tower were ], with A.E. Beer as the structural engineering consultant, and O. Castick, Chief Engineer of CWS as the engineering services consultant.<ref name=NHLE/>

			The CIS Tower was officially opened by ] on 22 October 1962.<ref name=NHLE/> At {{convert\|118\|m\|abbr=on}}, the tower overtook the ] as the ], a title it retained for a year until it was replaced by the ] in London. It remained the ] until it was surpassed by the ] in 2006.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Green light for high living \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3218247.stm\|publisher=The BBC\|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>

			==Renovation==
			]
			Within six months of construction, some of the mosaic tiles on the service tower became detached owing to cement failure and lack of ]s in the concrete. Although the tower was granted listed building status in 1995, falling tiles were an ongoing problem. ] had to be consulted as alterations could change the building's appearance.<ref name="20CSoc">{{citation \|title=CIS Tower, Manchester April 2003 \|url=http://www.c20society.org.uk/casework/reports/2003/cis-tower-manchester.html \|publisher=The Twentieh Century Society \|date=21 April 2007 \|access-date=31 October 2011 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813062133/http://www.c20society.org.uk/casework/reports/2003/cis-tower-manchester.html \|archive-date=13 August 2011 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

			In 2004, CIS consulted ] with a view to replacing the deteriorating mosaic with 575.5 kW of blue ] (PV) cells which would generate approximately 180,000 kWh (average of 20 kW) of electricity per year. The work was completed by ] and at that time was the largest commercial solar façade in Europe. The PV cells made by ]<ref>{{Citation\|title=CIS Tower, Manchester \|url=http://www.sharpmanufacturing.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/sukm/hs.xsl/-/html/cis-tower-manchester.htm \|publisher=Sharp Manufacturing \|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> began feeding electricity to the ] in November 2005.<ref name = "MEN">{{Citation \|title=Solar power tower hits city \|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/214468_solar_power_tower_hits_city \|publisher = Manchester evening News \|date=22 February 2003 \|access-date= 24 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|title=CIS 'Solar Tower' Case Study\|work=solarcentury \|access-date=11 September 2007 \|url=http://www.solarcentury.com/projects/commercial/cis_solar_tower \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905124144/http://www.solarcentury.com/projects/commercial/cis_solar_tower \|archive-date=5 September 2007 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy}}</ref>

			The project, which cost £5.5 million, was partly funded by the ] which granted £885,000 and the Energy Savings Trust at the ] (DTI) contributed £175,000.<ref name="MEN"/> The solar power project was chosen by the DTI as one of the "10 best green energy projects" of 2005.<ref>{{Citation\|title=The Solar Tower\|url=http://www.co-operative.coop/corporate/aboutus/our-democracy/The-Co-operative-Group-Values-and-Principles/ourvaluesinaction/thesolartower/\|publisher=The Co-operative Group\|date=31 October 2011\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914202936/http://www.co-operative.coop/corporate/aboutus/our-democracy/The-Co-operative-Group-Values-and-Principles/ourvaluesinaction/thesolartower/\|archive-date=14 September 2011\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

			==Critical reception and listed status==
			Upon its completion, the tower was praised by the architectural press and was awarded the bronze medal by the ] in 1962.<ref name=NHLE/> In the 1990s, it was granted Grade II ] status by English Heritage. The tower, described as "the best of the Manchester 1960s office blocks",<ref name = "LaB">{{Citation \|title=The Co-operative Wholesale Society and the Co-operative Insurance Society Buildings \|url=http://www.lookingatbuildings.org.uk/cities/manchester/buildings-in-focus/the-cws-and-cis-buildings.html\|publisher=Looking at Buildings\|date=31 October 2011}}</ref> was listed for its "discipline and consistency".

			==See also==
			{{commons category\|Co-operative Insurance Tower}}
			{{portal\|Greater Manchester}}
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			'''References'''
			{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

			'''Bibliography'''
			{{Refbegin\|30em}}
			*{{cite book\|editor-first=Colin \|editor-last=Cave \|editor-first2=Francis\|editor-last2=Duffy\|editor-first3=John \|editor-last3=Worthington\|year=2016\|title=Planning Office Space\|publisher=Elsevier Science\|isbn=9781483103273}}
			*{{cite book\|editor-first=Bob \|editor-last=Kindred \|editor-first2=Kyle \|editor-last2=Normandin \|editor-first3=Susan \|editor-last3=Macdonald \|year=2007\|title=Conservation of Modern Architecture\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=9781317704904}}
			{{Refend}}

			{{s-start}}
			{{s-ach\|rec}}
			{{succession box
			\| before=]
			\| title=]
			\| years=1962—1963<br/><small>118m</small>
			\| after=]
			}}
			{{succession box
			\| before=]
			\| title=]
			\| years=1962—2006<br/><small>118m</small>
			\| after=]
			}}
			{{s-end}}
			{{Buildings in the United Kingdom timeline}}
			{{Manchester B&S}}

			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 08:05, 18 October 2024

Office building in Manchester, England

CIS Tower
The CIS Tower with solar panel-clad service tower on the left and glazed office tower on the right.
Record height
Tallest in United Kingdom from 1962 to 1963
Preceded by	Shell Centre
Surpassed by	Millbank Tower
General information
Status	Grade II
Type	Office
Architectural style	International Style
Location	Manchester, England
Coordinates	53°29′11″N 2°14′18″W / 53.48639°N 2.23833°W / 53.48639; -2.23833
Construction started	September 1959
Completed	1962
Opening	22 October 1962
Renovated	2006
Cost	£3.98 million
Owner	Castlebrook Investments
Height
Roof	118 m (387 ft)
Technical details
Floor count	25
Floor area	388,000 sq ft (36,000 m)
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Gordon Tait G. S. Hay
Developer	Co-operative Insurance Society
Designations
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) Building
Designated	24 November 1995
Reference no.	1270494

The CIS Tower is a high-rise office building on Miller Street in Manchester, England. Designed for the Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) by architects Gordon Tait and G. S. Hay, the building was completed in 1962 and rises to 118 m (387 ft) in height. As of October 2024, the Grade II listed building is Greater Manchester's 15th-tallest building and the tallest office building in the United Kingdom outside London. The tower remained as built for over 40 years, until maintenance issues on the service tower required an extensive renovation, which included covering its façade in solar panels.

Location

The tower is situated on Miller Street, which forms the Manchester Inner Ring Road, and stands adjacent to New Century House, a high-rise office building also designed by Gordon Tait and G. S. Hay and constructed concurrently for the CIS's parent company, the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS). The plot on which the building stands had been heavily bombed during World War II and subsequently cleared. The site chosen for CIS Tower and New Century House was one of two areas of land offered by the local authority; the other site was in Piccadilly, but this came with the condition that any development scheme had to include shops and a hotel. Not wishing to compromise their autonomy, the CIS board chose the Miller Street site.

Opposite the tower sits One Angel Square, which opened in 2013 and serves as the headquarters of the Co-operative Group (the successor to the CWS). The complex of buildings form NOMA (a portmanteau of 'North Manchester'), a 20 acres (8.1 hectares) area of land previously known as the Co-operative Estate. The area was developed by the Co-operative Group in a joint venture with Hermes Investment Management. In 2017, the Co-operative Group sold its stake in NOMA to Hermes Investment Management in order to focus on its core retail business, however, it remains a tenant in several buildings. More than 6,500 people work in the neighbourhood.

Design

Form

The office tower building rises above a five-storey podium block. Each of the podium floors is 75 m × 55 m (246 ft × 180 ft), providing 4,125 m (44,400 sq ft) floor space per storey. Each office floor in the tower is 18 m × 44 m (59 ft × 144 ft), creating 727 m (7,830 sq ft) floor space per storey. The tower element consists of the steel-framed main office building and a windowless reinforced concrete service tower. The service tower rises higher than the main office block and houses lifts and stairwells.

The building has a symmetrical plan, with the main tower rising up from the north-eastern end of the podium block and projecting at the front over the first two floors and the main entrance. The service tower is attached to the centre of the main tower's south-west side, forming a squat T-shape. In total, the building has 388,000 sq ft (36,000 m) of floor area, with clear open spaces on the office floors.

Façade

Both the office tower and podium feature glass curtain walls with metal window frames. Black vitreous enamel panels demarcate the floor levels. The building materials, glass, enamelled steel and aluminium, were chosen so that the building could remain clean in the polluted Manchester atmosphere.

The tower's concrete service shaft, which rises above the office tower, has two bands of vents at the top and was clad in a mosaic made up of 14 million centimetre-square grey tesserae. designed to shimmer and sparkle.

Interiors

A green bronze-like, abstract mural sculpted by William Mitchell made from fibreglass covers the entrance hall's rear wall. Interiors were designed by Misha Black of the Design Research Unit. The executive areas are delineated by the use of teak and cherry wood veneers.

Development

Planning

The CIS board of directors decided that a new headquarters was needed to accommodate its 2,500 staff, who were dispersed in 10 different buildings across Manchester. In January 1953, CIS General Manager Robert Dinnage told his board to begin planning a new head office and that year entered into initial discussions with Manchester Corporation (now Manchester City Council). The design brief for the building, devised by Dinnage, was threefold: to convey the prestige of the CIS and the co-operative movement; to improve the appearance of Manchester in which the Society was one of the largest financial organisations; and to provide first-class accommodation for the staff.

The CIS board formed a chief office premises sub-committee to oversee the project. A deputation of appointed architects, designers and directors travelled to Italy, the United States and Canada to examine contemporary office design. The tower's design was influenced by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill's Inland Steel Building in Chicago after a visit by the architects in 1958. Having viewed the Inland Steel Building, the project team decided to aim for clear unbroken floors unobstructed by lift shafts and toilets to provide maximum flexibility.

In 1958, the company proposed building an office tower block, designed by G.S. Hay, chief architect of the CWS with Gordon Tait of Sir John Burnet, Tait and Partners.

Construction

Construction began in September 1959 and was completed in 1962 at a cost of £3.98 million (equivalent to approximately £86.8 million in 2020). The main contractors for the CIS Tower were John Laing Construction Ltd, with A.E. Beer as the structural engineering consultant, and O. Castick, Chief Engineer of CWS as the engineering services consultant.

The CIS Tower was officially opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on 22 October 1962. At 118 m (387 ft), the tower overtook the Shell Centre as the tallest building in the United Kingdom, a title it retained for a year until it was replaced by the Millbank Tower in London. It remained the tallest building in Greater Manchester until it was surpassed by the Beetham Tower in 2006.

Renovation

Within six months of construction, some of the mosaic tiles on the service tower became detached owing to cement failure and lack of expansion joints in the concrete. Although the tower was granted listed building status in 1995, falling tiles were an ongoing problem. English Heritage had to be consulted as alterations could change the building's appearance.

In 2004, CIS consulted Solarcentury with a view to replacing the deteriorating mosaic with 575.5 kW of blue building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) cells which would generate approximately 180,000 kWh (average of 20 kW) of electricity per year. The work was completed by Arup and at that time was the largest commercial solar façade in Europe. The PV cells made by Sharp Electronics began feeding electricity to the National Grid in November 2005.

The project, which cost £5.5 million, was partly funded by the Northwest Regional Development Agency which granted £885,000 and the Energy Savings Trust at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) contributed £175,000. The solar power project was chosen by the DTI as one of the "10 best green energy projects" of 2005.

Critical reception and listed status

Upon its completion, the tower was praised by the architectural press and was awarded the bronze medal by the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1962. In the 1990s, it was granted Grade II listed building status by English Heritage. The tower, described as "the best of the Manchester 1960s office blocks", was listed for its "discipline and consistency".

References

References

"New Century House". Historic England. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
^ Historic England, "Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) building, Miller Street, Manchester (Grade II) (1270494)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 23 August 2013
^ Brook, Richard; Jarvis, Matthew. "Trying to close the loop: post-war ring roads in Manchester". Birmingham City University. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
^ Bounds, Andy (21 December 2017). "Co-op Group sells remaining Manchester property". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
^ Cave, Duffy & Worthington (2016), p. 29.
Kindred, Normandin & Macdonald (2007), p. 51.
Part-3 Air Conditioned Office Buildings (PDF), Heritage Group Website for CIBSE, 31 October 2011, p. 12
Frost, Richard (11 May 2017). "CIS Tower snapped up for more than £65m". Insider Media Limited. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
^ The Co-operative Wholesale Society and the Co-operative Insurance Society Buildings, Looking at Buildings, 31 October 2011
^ History of the solar tower, The Co-operative Bank, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 25 April 2012
^ Cave, Duffy & Worthington (2016), pp. 29–30.
"CIS and CWS Buildings". Mainstream Modern. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
CIS Tower, Skyscraper News, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 16 April 2008, retrieved 31 October 2011
Inflation Calculator, Bank of England, 20 January 2021, retrieved 8 November 2021
Green light for high living, The BBC, 31 October 2011
CIS Tower, Manchester April 2003, The Twentieh Century Society, 21 April 2007, archived from the original on 13 August 2011, retrieved 31 October 2011
CIS Tower, Manchester, Sharp Manufacturing, retrieved 31 October 2011
^ Solar power tower hits city, Manchester evening News, 22 February 2003, retrieved 24 October 2011
"CIS 'Solar Tower' Case Study", solarcentury, archived from the original on 5 September 2007, retrieved 11 September 2007
The Solar Tower, The Co-operative Group, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 14 September 2011

Bibliography

Cave, Colin; Duffy, Francis; Worthington, John, eds. (2016). Planning Office Space. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9781483103273.
Kindred, Bob; Normandin, Kyle; Macdonald, Susan, eds. (2007). Conservation of Modern Architecture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317704904.

Records
Preceded byShell Centre	Tallest Building in the United Kingdom 1962—1963 118m	Succeeded byMillbank Tower
Preceded byManchester Town Hall	Tallest Building in Manchester 1962—2006 118m	Succeeded byBeetham Tower

v t e Timeline of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom
Victoria Tower (98.5 m) (1860) Shell Centre (107 m) (1961) CIS Tower (118 m) (1962) Millbank Tower (118 m) (1963) BT Tower (177 m) (1964) Tower 42 (183 m) (1980) One Canada Square (235 m) (1991) The Shard (310 m) (2012)

v t e Buildings and structures in Manchester, England
Skyscrapers (over 100 metres)	Deansgate Square South Tower (201m) Beetham Tower (169m) Deansgate Square East Tower (158m) The Blade (154m) Three60 (154m) Elizabeth Tower (153m) Deansgate Square West Tower (141m) Viadux (136m) Deansgate Square North Tower (122m) CIS Tower (118m) Affinity Living Circle Square (116m) Oxygen Towers (110m) Angel Gardens (108m) City Tower (107m) Bridgewater Heights (106m)
High-rises (over 50 metres)	Artisan Heights (95m) Axis Tower (93m) 1 Spinningfields (92m) River Street Tower (92m) Arndale House (90m) Manchester Town Hall Clock Tower (87m) Cambridge Street Block A (83m) One Regent (82m) Civil Justice Centre (81m) Manchester One (80m) 1 Circle Square (76m) 3 Hardman Street (75m) Great Northern Tower (72m) One Angel Square (72m) 3 St Peter's Square (72m) The Gate, Angel Meadow (68m) The Light House (67m) Victoria Residence (67m) The Principal Manchester (66m) Victoria Mill (65m) Albert Bridge House (64m) 111 Piccadilly (64m) Islington Wharf (64m) The Slate Yard Flint Building (64m) Skyline Central (63m) The Peninsula (63m) Cambridge Street Block B (63m) No. 1 Deansgate (62m) Owens Park Tower (61m) Brooklyn Hotel (61m) One Castle Wharf (61m) Manchester Business School Hotel (60m) St James's Buildings (60m) 2 Leftbank Apartments (60m) 3 Leftbank Apartments (60m) 3 Piccadilly Place (60m) Chancery Place (60m) The Lume (60m) Affinity Living Circle Square Tower 2 (60m) One St Peter's Square (59m) Two St Peter's Square (59m) Landmark, St. Peter's Square (59m) 2 Circle Square (59m) Hotel and MSCP, Circle Square (59m) Lowry House (58m) Minshull Street Courts (57m) UNITE Tower (57m) Cornbrook Works Tower 1 (57m) Ramada Renaissance Hotel (56m) Parkway Gate Block 1 (56m) Royal Exchange Theatre (55m) 1 New York Street (55m) St James's House (55m) Bank Chambers (55m) Vita Circle Square Tower 1 (54m) Kampus Tower 1 (54m) Kampus Tower 2 (54m) Affinity Living Circle Square Tower 3 (54m) No. 1 Marsden Street (53m) The Stile, Angel Meadow (53m) 82 King Street (52m) Oxygen Tower 2 (52m) Vox Tower 1 (51m) Kampus Tower 3 (51m) New Century House (50m) Hexagon Tower (50m) Parkway Gate Block 2 (50m)
Notable low-rises (city centre or Grade II* listed)	1 The Avenue 1–3 York Street 25 St Ann Street 38 and 42 Mosley Street 46–48 Brown Street 50 Newton Street 53 King Street 84 Plymouth Grove 100 King Street Afflecks Alan Turing Building Albert Hall Ancoats Hospital Arkwright House Athenaeum Baguley Hall Bank Chambers Barlow Hall Barton Arcade Central Library Chetham's Library Chips Clayton Hall Corn Exchange County Court Daily Express Dalton-Ellis Hall Didsbury Campus Estate Exchange Former Bank of England Free Trade Hall Gateway House Old Granada Studios The Green Building Grove House The Haçienda Hanover Building Heaton Hall Holyoake House Hough End Hall Hulme Hall Hulme Hippodrome Institute of Biotechnology John Rylands Library John Rylands University Library Kendals Lawrence Buildings Law Library Lincoln House London Road Fire Station Manchester Art Gallery Manchester Museum Mechanics' Institute Memorial Hall Midland Hotel Minshull Street Crown Courts Science and Industry Museum National Graphene Institute Nicholls Building Odeon Cinema Old Wellington Inn One Piccadilly Gardens Pankhurst Centre People's History Museum Police Museum Portico Library Playhouse Theatre Redfern Building Reform Club Rose Hill Royal Eye Hospital Rylands Building Sackville Street Building Sharston Hall Ship Canal House Slade Hall Smithfield Market Hall St Anselm Hall Saint Mary's Hospital St Michael's Strangeways Sunlight House Theatre Royal Toast Rack The Towers Transport Museum Urbis Uttley House Victoria Baths Whitworth Art Gallery Whitworth Building Wythenshawe Bus Garage Wythenshawe Hall
Mills and warehouses	107 Piccadilly 1830 warehouse, Liverpool Road railway station Albion Mill Asia House Beehive Mill Bridgewater House Brownsfield Mill Brunswick Mill Canada House Chorlton New Mills Churchgate House Dale Street Warehouse Havelock Mills India House Jackson's Warehouse Lancaster House McConnel & Kennedy Mills Murrays' Mills Old Mill Piccadilly Mill Royal Mill Shudehill Mill Watts Warehouse
Religious (Grade I or II* listed)	British Muslim Heritage Centre Brookfield Church Castlefield Chapel Christ Church Cross Street Chapel Holy Name of Jesus Edgar Wood Centre Gorton Monastery Holy Trinity Platt Church The Hidden Gem (Church of St Mary) Jewish Museum Manchester Cathedral Manchester Reform Synagogue St Ann's St Chrysostom's Church Church of St Cross St George St James St John St Mary (Hulme) Church of St Michael St Nicholas St Peter Upper Brook Street Chapel St Wilfrid
Transportation	Manchester Airport Airport station Deansgate station Piccadilly station Victoria station Oxford Road station Piccadilly bus station Shudehill Interchange
Entertainment	O₂ Apollo Arndale Centre Bridgewater Hall Castlefield Bowl Central Co-op Live Contact Theatre Cornerhouse The Factory Great Northern Warehouse HOME Palace Theatre Parrs Wood Entertainment Centre Opera House The Printworks Manchester Arena Manchester Academy O₂ Ritz Royal Exchange Theatre Victoria Warehouse
Sports venues	Aquatics Centre Belle Vue Stadium Broadhurst Park National Cycling Centre (BMX Arena, Velodrome) Etihad Campus City of Manchester Stadium Manchester City Academy Stadium Manchester Regional Arena National Speedway Stadium National Squash Centre
Memorials and sculptures	Alan Turing Memorial Albert Memorial B of the Bang The Glade of Light Cenotaph Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue) Peacock Mausoleum Victory Over Blindness
Bridges	Albert Bridge Blackfriars Bridge Corporation Street Bridge Hulme Arch Bridge Irwell Railway bridge Palatine Bridge Store Street Aqueduct Trinity Bridge Victoria Bridge
Architecture Castles Churches Grade I listed Grade II* listed Grade II listed Mills Monuments Tallest Warehouses Italics denote building under construction

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