Misplaced Pages

HMS Queen Emma: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 19:40, 13 November 2004 editDuncharris (talk | contribs)30,510 editsm named after← Previous edit Latest revision as of 21:19, 22 October 2024 edit undoNeveselbert (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers80,860 editsm link Royal Navy during the Second World War (via WP:JWB) 
(72 intermediate revisions by 46 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''HMS ''Queen Emma''''' was a commando troop ship of the ] during the ]. {{Short description|Royal Navy commando troop ship of WWII}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Koningen Emma FL14445.jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Queen Emma''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=Netherlands
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Netherlands|civil}}
|Ship name=''Koningin Emma''
|Ship namesake=]
|Ship owner=]
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=December 1937
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=De Schelde, ]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=209
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=7 May 1938
|Ship launched=14 January 1939
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed= 19 May 1939
|Ship acquired=
|Ship in service=4 June 1939
|Ship out of service=1 September 1939
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate= Requisitioned by the ], 15 May 1940
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Queen Emma''
|Ship acquired=15 May 1940
|Ship commissioned=22 January 1941
|Ship decommissioned=29 April 1946
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=*'']s : ''
*Norway
*Dieppe
*North Africa
*Sicily
*Atlantic
*Mediterranean
*Normandy
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate= Returned to the Netherlands, 29 April 1946
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Netherlands
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Netherlands|civil}}
|Ship name=''Koningin Emma''
|Ship acquired=29 April 1946
|Ship in service=5 March 1948
|Ship out of service=1968
|Ship refit=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate= Scrapped in Antwerp, 1968
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>
|Ship class=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|4,135}}
*{{NRT|2,100}}
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length=*{{convert|380|ft|m|abbr=on}} ]
*{{convert|351|ft|m|abbr=on}} ]
|Ship beam= {{convert|47|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught= {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=5
|Ship propulsion= 2 × ] ]s, {{convert|12500|shp|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed= {{convert|24.5|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=1,800 passengers
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=
|Ship crew= 58
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*''As HMS "Queen Emma"'' :
*2 × ]
*2 × ]
*4 × 20 mm Hotchkiss ]s
*4 × ] machine guns
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Queen Emma''''' was a commando ] of the ]. Built as a civilian passenger liner in 1939 by De Schelde at ], she was named the MS ''Koningin Emma'', after ], and operated by ] (The Zealand Steamship Company) between ] and ], along with her sister ship, ]. After fleeing to Britain after the German invasion in 1940, she was requisitioned by the British ], renamed HMS ''Queen Emma'' and converted to a troopship at ]'s yard in ]. During the war her main role was transporting ], and she participated in the ] and the ]. She had the advantage of a high speed that allowed hit and run operations. Later designated as a ] she took part in the landings in ], ] and ]. She operated in the ], and in the ] after the end of the war. In 1946 ''Queen Emma'' was returned to her owners and continued to operate as ferry from the ] until 1969, when she was scrapped in ], ].


==Construction==
Emma was built as the ''Koningen Emma'', in ] as a civilian passenger liner. She was named after ]. She ferried across the ] between the ] and ], along with her sister ship, ''Prinses Beatrix''.
The MS ''Koningin Emma'' was ordered by the ] (SMZ) in December 1937 to operate between ] (Flushing) and ]. The keel was laid on 7 May 1938 at the De Schelde shipyard at Vlissingen, and the ship was launched on 14 January 1939 by ].<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma">{{Cite web
|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b20YPJtGTUAXtcD2OVSu6NvHDHcp_KSHZAeQzweNnGg/edit| title =Service history of HMS ''Queen Emma'' | author = Peter Lee | work = History of LSI(S) HMS Princess Beatrix and HMS Queen Emma in World War II | accessdate = 10 December 2023
}}</ref> However the ''Emma'' stuck on the slipway and it took more than four hours to free her.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= https://www.britishpathe.com/video/she-defies-a-queen/query/Queen+Emma
|title=British Pathe News : "She Defies a Queen"
|work=britishpathe.com
|accessdate=30 July 2010
}}</ref>


During sea trials ''Koningin Emma'' made more than {{convert|24.5|kn}} which was {{convert|1.5|kn}} more than was contractually agreed. On 19 May 1939 the ship was handed over to the SMZ. It had a gross tonnage of 4,135 tons and was capable of carrying 1,800 passengers. Propulsion was provided by two 2-stroke Sulzer diesel engines with a total output of 12,500 shp.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>
In ], ''Koningen Emma'' was ] by the ] and renamed HMS ''Queen Emma''. ''Prinses Beatrix'' was also requisitioned, becoming ]. ''Queen Emma'' was converted to a new role as a troopship at ]'s in ]. During the war her main role was transporting ]s, and participated in the ] and the ], amongst others. She had the advantage of a high speed that allowed hit and run operations.


==Service history==
In ], ''Queen Emma'', ''Princess Beatrix'' and ] were ], ], returning to the ] having taken troops to ]. They were ordered to help the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy with the search for a surface raider (later identified as the ''Atlantis''), <!-- German or Italian? -->.
''Koningin Emma'' entered service on 4 June 1939, but after the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, was withdrawn, and remained in port. On 10 May 1940 the Germans launched their ], dropping mines in the Schelde estuary, and bombing and strafing shipping. ''Koningin Emma'' promptly fled, arriving at ] on 15 May.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>


===Troop transport===
In ] ''Queen Emma'' was released back to her owners and continued to ferry until ], when she was scrapped in ], ].
Two days later the British ] chartered her as a ]. She was fitted with "]" coils as protection against German ]s and sailed with her original civilian crew on board in addition to a ] detachment.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

The ship was ordered to take French troops evacuated to England from ] back to ] to continue the fight. She left ] on 2 June and sailed with 1,712 aboard, accompanied by the French ] ''Commandant Rivière''. They returned the next day, then sailed once more with approximately 1,500 men on board, returning with British troops. On 16 June ''Koningin Emma'', made her last voyage to Brest. By now the Germans had occupied most of northern France, so she was ordered to ] on 20 June where 1,482 evacuees were boarded.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

''Koningin Emma'' then took part in the ], landing troops and equipment. In September 1940 ''Koningin Emma'' was formally taken over by the ] to be converted into an "assault ship" at the ] shipyard in ]. The upper deck was largely cleared and gravity ]s installed enabling six ] and two ] to be carried, along with 450 troops. ''Koningin Emma'' was armed with two 12-pounder guns, two 2-pounders, four Hotchkiss 20&nbsp;mm machine guns, and four .303 cal. machine guns. The ship was commissioned as '''HMS ''Queen Emma''''' on 22 January 1941 as a special service ship.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Lofoten Raid===
Her first major action in her new role was ], a raid on the ] in northern ]. On 22 February 1941 ''Queen Emma'' arrived at ], where men of ] boarded, as well as ] demolition experts and a contingent of Norwegian troops. The British ships – five destroyers and two troop ships – entered the ] on the morning of 4 March, and launched their attack. Surprise was complete and there was little resistance. All targets selected were located and destroyed. The troops were embarked by 13.00 hours and within half an hour the British had left. After returning to England ''Queen Emma'' was used for the training and exercise of Special Forces in Scotland.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===South Atlantic===
In late 1941 she was selected to join the forces gathered at ], ], for ], the planned occupation of the ], if either the Spanish or the Germans captured ]. After maintenance at Glasgow ''Queen Emma'' sailed to Freetown, arriving on 5 October 1941. However, it soon became clear that ] did not plan to join the ], nor was he prepared to allow the German troops free passage through Spain to attack Gibraltar, and the operation was cancelled.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

On 4 November 1941 the British navy tanker {{Ship|RFA|Olwen|1917|6}} reported that she had been attacked by a German raider, between ] and Freetown. ''Queen Emma'' was one of the ships sent to search. No German raider was found and the Admiralty assumed that a German U-boat had shot at the tanker. However, on 22 November the {{Ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Atlantis||2|up=yes}} was sunk by the British cruiser {{HMS|Devonshire|39|2}} in the southern Atlantic close to ], and on 1 December the cruiser {{HMS|Dorsetshire|40|2}} sank the German supply ship ''Python'' in the same area. Almost all the crews from both ships were taken aboard German and Italian submarines. The British feared that the Germans would try to land on Ascension and overwhelm the tiny garrison. ''Queen Emma'' was hurriedly loaded with troops and set sail. However, while en route it was learned that the German crewmen were on their way to ] and the ship was recalled.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

On 14 February 1942 ''Queen Emma'' left Freetown, and returned to England for refitting, after which she was reclassified as a ].<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Dieppe Raid===
In April 1942 ''Queen Emma'' was selected to take part in a raid on the French coast at ]. On the evening of 18 August 1942 a fleet of more than 200 ships sailed across the Channel. ''Queen Emma'' and the former Belgian ship ''Princess Astrid'' landed men of the ] on "Blue Beach" to the east of Dieppe at Puys. However, the raid was not a success, and the losses were high.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Invasion of North Africa===
''Queen Emma'' was then assigned to Training Squadron D based on the Clyde, carrying out exercises with Special Forces and practising the landing of ground troops on enemy beaches. All these exercises were in preparation for the landings in North Africa, ]. On 26 October 1942 ''Queen Emma'' received troops from the 1st Battalion of the ], then joined Convoy KMF-1 for North Africa, landing her troops west of ].<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===The Moonlight Squadron===
''Queen Emma'' remained in the western ], supplying and transporting reinforcements for the ]. On the evening of Friday, 13 November 1942, ''Queen Emma'' left Algiers with units of the British ] for ], close to the front line. On the return trip to Algiers she was repeatedly attacked by German aircraft, but made port without damage.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

''Queen Emma'', her sister ship ''Princess Beatrix'', and the former Burn & Laird Lines ships {{HMS|Royal Scotsman||2}} and {{HMS|Royal Ulsterman||2}} became known as the "Moonlight Squadron" for their preference for operating at night. After the ] in May 1943 the ships received a special commendation from the Allied Army Commanders and a letter from the British Admiral ], the commander in chief of the western Mediterranean.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Invasion of Sicily===
''Queen Emma'' was then attached to the ships of Operation Husky, the ]. The British sector was greatly hampered by severe German air attacks, and on 17 July 1943 the ''Queen Emma'' was hit, with 18 killed and 70 wounded. The ship sailed to ] for repairs. Her speed had been reduced to {{convert|15|kn}}, so she was downgraded to troop transport vessel. After the Italian capitulation on 8 September 1943 she escorted units of the Italian fleet to Malta, and soon afterwards sailed back to England for a complete overhaul.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Invasion of France===
''Queen Emma'' then began landing exercises in preparation for ], the invasion of France. On 6 June 1944 ''Queen Emma'' sailed with Canadian troops to Normandy. The ship was part of the transport group of the Eastern Naval Task Force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Chandler. In the weeks after D-Day ''Queen Emma'' completed numerous voyages between England and the French coast, carrying men of the U.S. ], and a number of British ], as well as units of the English ] and ], despite the danger of German coastal batteries, ]s and ].<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

At the end of 1944, during the ] ''Queen Emma'' helped transport the British ] from England to France as reinforcements. It would be her last European mission. She had crossed the North Sea 43 times, sailing approximately 20,000 miles and had transported 30,000 Allied troops.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Indian Ocean===
''Queen Emma'' was decommissioned to be adapted for service in tropical waters at Harland & Wolff at Belfast. The works were completed on 29 March 1945, and on 5 May ''Queen Emma'' sailed with Convoy KMF-44 for India, arriving at ] on the 26th. ''Queen Emma'' remained in India until the ] in August. She then took part in Operation Jurist – the reoccupation of ] by British Marines.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

She then embarked French troops, and escorted by the {{Ship|French battleship|Richelieu||2|up=yes}}, sailed to ]. On the return trip, ''Queen Emma'' was damaged by an acoustic mine. Her main engines were knocked out and the ship had to be towed. However, emergency repairs were made and she reached ] under her own power.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

After this ''Queen Emma'' transported Dutch women and children from Japanese concentration camps, and took British troops to ], ] and ].<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

===Return to the Netherlands===
In January 1946 the ship was ordered to return to England, arriving at Portsmouth on 6 March 1946. The landing craft, weapons, and other military equipment was removed and on 29 April 1946 the ''Queen Emma'' arrived back in her home port of Vlissingen after an absence of six years to be handed back to the Dutch Government. The ship was officially returned to SMZ in early March 1946 and resumed her original name MS ''Koningin Emma''.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

Post-war shortages of materials and labour meant that it was 5 March 1948 before ''Koningin Emma'' could return to service, sailing for the first time to ] from the ]. She remained in service on the same route until 1968, when she was replaced by a new generation of ] ships. The thirty-year-old ''Koningin Emma'' was taken out of service and sold for scrap just before the year's end in Antwerp.<ref name="peterlee.servicehistory.emma"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
* http://www.nih.ww2site.com/nih/addenda/queenemma.html *

*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Queen Emma, Hms}}
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 21:19, 22 October 2024

Royal Navy commando troop ship of WWII

HMS Queen Emma
History
Netherlands
NameKoningin Emma
NamesakeEmma of the Netherlands
OwnerStoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland
OrderedDecember 1937
BuilderDe Schelde, Vlissingen
Yard number209
Laid down7 May 1938
Launched14 January 1939
Completed19 May 1939
In service4 June 1939
Out of service1 September 1939
FateRequisitioned by the Ministry of War Transport, 15 May 1940
United Kingdom
NameHMS Queen Emma
Acquired15 May 1940
Commissioned22 January 1941
Decommissioned29 April 1946
Honours and
awards
  • Battle honours :
  • Norway
  • Dieppe
  • North Africa
  • Sicily
  • Atlantic
  • Mediterranean
  • Normandy
FateReturned to the Netherlands, 29 April 1946
Netherlands
NameKoningin Emma
Acquired29 April 1946
In service5 March 1948
Out of service1968
FateScrapped in Antwerp, 1968
General characteristics (as built)
Tonnage
Length
  • 380 ft (120 m) o/a
  • 351 ft (107 m) p/p
Beam47 ft (14 m)
Draught13 ft 6 in (4.11 m)
Decks5
Propulsion2 × Sulzer diesel engines, 12,500 shp (9,321 kW)
Speed24.5 knots (45.4 km/h; 28.2 mph)
Capacity1,800 passengers
Crew58
Armament

HMS Queen Emma was a commando troop ship of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Built as a civilian passenger liner in 1939 by De Schelde at Vlissingen, she was named the MS Koningin Emma, after Queen Emma of the Netherlands, and operated by Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland (SMZ) (The Zealand Steamship Company) between Flushing and Harwich, along with her sister ship, MS Prinses Beatrix. After fleeing to Britain after the German invasion in 1940, she was requisitioned by the British Ministry of War Transport, renamed HMS Queen Emma and converted to a troopship at Harland and Wolff's yard in Belfast. During the war her main role was transporting British Commandos, and she participated in the Lofoten Islands Raid and the Dieppe Raid. She had the advantage of a high speed that allowed hit and run operations. Later designated as a Landing Ship, Infantry (Medium) she took part in the landings in North Africa, Sicily and Normandy. She operated in the Indian Ocean, and in the Dutch East Indies after the end of the war. In 1946 Queen Emma was returned to her owners and continued to operate as ferry from the Hook of Holland until 1969, when she was scrapped in Antwerp, Belgium.

Construction

The MS Koningin Emma was ordered by the Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland (SMZ) in December 1937 to operate between Vlissingen (Flushing) and Harwich. The keel was laid on 7 May 1938 at the De Schelde shipyard at Vlissingen, and the ship was launched on 14 January 1939 by Queen Wilhelmina. However the Emma stuck on the slipway and it took more than four hours to free her.

During sea trials Koningin Emma made more than 24.5 knots (45.4 km/h; 28.2 mph) which was 1.5 knots (2.8 km/h; 1.7 mph) more than was contractually agreed. On 19 May 1939 the ship was handed over to the SMZ. It had a gross tonnage of 4,135 tons and was capable of carrying 1,800 passengers. Propulsion was provided by two 2-stroke Sulzer diesel engines with a total output of 12,500 shp.

Service history

Koningin Emma entered service on 4 June 1939, but after the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, was withdrawn, and remained in port. On 10 May 1940 the Germans launched their invasion of the Netherlands, dropping mines in the Schelde estuary, and bombing and strafing shipping. Koningin Emma promptly fled, arriving at London on 15 May.

Troop transport

Two days later the British Ministry of War Transport chartered her as a troop transport. She was fitted with "degaussing" coils as protection against German magnetic mines and sailed with her original civilian crew on board in addition to a Dutch Marine detachment.

The ship was ordered to take French troops evacuated to England from Dunkirk back to Brest to continue the fight. She left Plymouth on 2 June and sailed with 1,712 aboard, accompanied by the French corvette Commandant Rivière. They returned the next day, then sailed once more with approximately 1,500 men on board, returning with British troops. On 16 June Koningin Emma, made her last voyage to Brest. By now the Germans had occupied most of northern France, so she was ordered to Bayonne on 20 June where 1,482 evacuees were boarded.

Koningin Emma then took part in the British occupation of Iceland, landing troops and equipment. In September 1940 Koningin Emma was formally taken over by the Admiralty to be converted into an "assault ship" at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. The upper deck was largely cleared and gravity davits installed enabling six LCAs and two LCM(1)s to be carried, along with 450 troops. Koningin Emma was armed with two 12-pounder guns, two 2-pounders, four Hotchkiss 20 mm machine guns, and four .303 cal. machine guns. The ship was commissioned as HMS Queen Emma on 22 January 1941 as a special service ship.

Lofoten Raid

Her first major action in her new role was Operation Claymore, a raid on the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway. On 22 February 1941 Queen Emma arrived at Scapa Flow, where men of 4 Commando boarded, as well as Royal Engineer demolition experts and a contingent of Norwegian troops. The British ships – five destroyers and two troop ships – entered the Vestfjord on the morning of 4 March, and launched their attack. Surprise was complete and there was little resistance. All targets selected were located and destroyed. The troops were embarked by 13.00 hours and within half an hour the British had left. After returning to England Queen Emma was used for the training and exercise of Special Forces in Scotland.

South Atlantic

In late 1941 she was selected to join the forces gathered at Freetown, Sierra Leone, for Operation Pilgrim, the planned occupation of the Canary Islands, if either the Spanish or the Germans captured Gibraltar. After maintenance at Glasgow Queen Emma sailed to Freetown, arriving on 5 October 1941. However, it soon became clear that Franco did not plan to join the Axis, nor was he prepared to allow the German troops free passage through Spain to attack Gibraltar, and the operation was cancelled.

On 4 November 1941 the British navy tanker RFA Olwen reported that she had been attacked by a German raider, between Natal, Brazil and Freetown. Queen Emma was one of the ships sent to search. No German raider was found and the Admiralty assumed that a German U-boat had shot at the tanker. However, on 22 November the Atlantis was sunk by the British cruiser Devonshire in the southern Atlantic close to Ascension Island, and on 1 December the cruiser Dorsetshire sank the German supply ship Python in the same area. Almost all the crews from both ships were taken aboard German and Italian submarines. The British feared that the Germans would try to land on Ascension and overwhelm the tiny garrison. Queen Emma was hurriedly loaded with troops and set sail. However, while en route it was learned that the German crewmen were on their way to Bordeaux and the ship was recalled.

On 14 February 1942 Queen Emma left Freetown, and returned to England for refitting, after which she was reclassified as a Landing Ship, Infantry (Medium).

Dieppe Raid

In April 1942 Queen Emma was selected to take part in a raid on the French coast at Dieppe. On the evening of 18 August 1942 a fleet of more than 200 ships sailed across the Channel. Queen Emma and the former Belgian ship Princess Astrid landed men of the Royal Regiment of Canada on "Blue Beach" to the east of Dieppe at Puys. However, the raid was not a success, and the losses were high.

Invasion of North Africa

Queen Emma was then assigned to Training Squadron D based on the Clyde, carrying out exercises with Special Forces and practising the landing of ground troops on enemy beaches. All these exercises were in preparation for the landings in North Africa, Operation Torch. On 26 October 1942 Queen Emma received troops from the 1st Battalion of the U.S. 6th Armored Infantry Regiment, then joined Convoy KMF-1 for North Africa, landing her troops west of Oran.

The Moonlight Squadron

Queen Emma remained in the western Mediterranean, supplying and transporting reinforcements for the First Army. On the evening of Friday, 13 November 1942, Queen Emma left Algiers with units of the British 78th Infantry Division for Bône, close to the front line. On the return trip to Algiers she was repeatedly attacked by German aircraft, but made port without damage.

Queen Emma, her sister ship Princess Beatrix, and the former Burn & Laird Lines ships Royal Scotsman and Royal Ulsterman became known as the "Moonlight Squadron" for their preference for operating at night. After the fall of Tunis in May 1943 the ships received a special commendation from the Allied Army Commanders and a letter from the British Admiral Andrew Cunningham, the commander in chief of the western Mediterranean.

Invasion of Sicily

Queen Emma was then attached to the ships of Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily. The British sector was greatly hampered by severe German air attacks, and on 17 July 1943 the Queen Emma was hit, with 18 killed and 70 wounded. The ship sailed to Malta for repairs. Her speed had been reduced to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), so she was downgraded to troop transport vessel. After the Italian capitulation on 8 September 1943 she escorted units of the Italian fleet to Malta, and soon afterwards sailed back to England for a complete overhaul.

Invasion of France

Queen Emma then began landing exercises in preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of France. On 6 June 1944 Queen Emma sailed with Canadian troops to Normandy. The ship was part of the transport group of the Eastern Naval Task Force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Chandler. In the weeks after D-Day Queen Emma completed numerous voyages between England and the French coast, carrying men of the U.S. 8th Air Force, and a number of British Guards Divisions, as well as units of the English ATS and Wrens, despite the danger of German coastal batteries, E-boats and midget submarines.

At the end of 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge Queen Emma helped transport the British 6th Airborne Division from England to France as reinforcements. It would be her last European mission. She had crossed the North Sea 43 times, sailing approximately 20,000 miles and had transported 30,000 Allied troops.

Indian Ocean

Queen Emma was decommissioned to be adapted for service in tropical waters at Harland & Wolff at Belfast. The works were completed on 29 March 1945, and on 5 May Queen Emma sailed with Convoy KMF-44 for India, arriving at Bombay on the 26th. Queen Emma remained in India until the Japanese surrender in August. She then took part in Operation Jurist – the reoccupation of Penang by British Marines.

She then embarked French troops, and escorted by the Richelieu, sailed to Saigon. On the return trip, Queen Emma was damaged by an acoustic mine. Her main engines were knocked out and the ship had to be towed. However, emergency repairs were made and she reached Singapore under her own power.

After this Queen Emma transported Dutch women and children from Japanese concentration camps, and took British troops to Batavia, Semarang and Soerabaja.

Return to the Netherlands

In January 1946 the ship was ordered to return to England, arriving at Portsmouth on 6 March 1946. The landing craft, weapons, and other military equipment was removed and on 29 April 1946 the Queen Emma arrived back in her home port of Vlissingen after an absence of six years to be handed back to the Dutch Government. The ship was officially returned to SMZ in early March 1946 and resumed her original name MS Koningin Emma.

Post-war shortages of materials and labour meant that it was 5 March 1948 before Koningin Emma could return to service, sailing for the first time to Harwich from the Hook of Holland. She remained in service on the same route until 1968, when she was replaced by a new generation of roll-on/roll-off ships. The thirty-year-old Koningin Emma was taken out of service and sold for scrap just before the year's end in Antwerp.

References

  1. ^ Peter Lee. "Service history of HMS Queen Emma". History of LSI(S) HMS Princess Beatrix and HMS Queen Emma in World War II. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  2. "British Pathe News : "She Defies a Queen"". britishpathe.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.

External links

Categories: