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{{Short description|Former American soldier who was captured by the Taliban after leaving his post}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
| name = Bowe Bergdahl | name = Bowe Bergdahl
| image = USA PFC BoweBergdahl ACU Cropped.png | image = USA PFC BoweBergdahl ACU Cropped.png
| image_size = | image_size =
| caption = Bergdahl, c. 2009 | caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1986|03|28}}
| birth_name = Robert Bowdrie Bergdahl
| birth_place = ], U.S.
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1986|03|28}}
| birth_name = Beaudry Robert Bergdahl<ref>{{cite web|title=Full Transcript of Bowe Bergdahl Statement|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/305010451/Full-Transcript-of-Bowe-Bergdahl-Statement|access-date=October 30, 2017|page=145|quote="On the birth certificate it's Beaudry Robert Bergdahl."}}</ref>
| birth_place = ], ], U.S.
| branch = {{Army|United States|name=U.S. Army|size=23px}} (2008–2021)<ref name="RollingStone">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/americas-last-prisoner-of-war-20120607|last=Hastings|first=Michael|title=America's Last Prisoner of War|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 7, 2012|access-date=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Dickstein2023">{{cite news |last1=Dickstein |first1=Corey |title=Justice Department seeks reinstatement of Bowe Bergdahl's court-martial conviction |url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-09-26/bergdahl-army-court-martial-taliban-afghanistan-11502671.html |access-date=16 January 2024 |work=Stars and Stripes |date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927023402/https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2023-09-26/bergdahl-army-court-martial-taliban-afghanistan-11502671.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |language=en |quote=All this, . . . , and the passage of over two years since the plaintiff became a civilian, . . . Bergdahl’s attorneys wrote.|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Coast Guard.svg|size=23px}} ] (2006, 26 days)<ref name="wpostjune2014"/>}}
| allegiance = {{Flag|United States|name=United States of America|size=23px}}
| rank = Sergeant
| branch = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army.svg|size=23px}} ] {{Small|(2008–present)}}<ref name="RollingStone">{{cite news |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/americas-last-prisoner-of-war-20120607|last=Hastings|first=Michael|title=America's Last Prisoner of War|work=Rolling Stone |date=7 June 2012|accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref><br />{{Nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Coast Guard.svg|size=23px}} ] {{Small|(2006, 26 days)}}<ref name="wpostjune2014"/>}}
| unit = Blackfoot Company, 1st ], ], ]<br />] (Fifth Army)
| rank = ] ]
| commands =
| unit = Blackfoot Company, 1st ], ], ]
| battles = ]{{surrendered}}
| commands =
| battles = ]
| relations= Robert "Bob" Bergdahl (father)<br />Jani Larson (mother)<br />Sky Albrecht (sister)
}} }}


'''Robert Bowdrie''' "'''Bowe'''" '''Bergdahl''' (born March 28, 1986) is a United States Army soldier who was held captive by the ]-aligned ] in ] and ] from June 2009 until his release in May 2014.<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19">{{Cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/19/bowe-bergdahl-soldier-cap_n_239930.html|title=Bowe Bergdahl: Soldier Captured In Afghanistan Identified As 23-Year-Old Idahoan|date=19 July 2009|author1=Pamela Hess |author2=Lolita Baldur |publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19">{{Cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/19/afghanistan-captured-american-soldier-video|title=Taliban release video of captured US soldier| date=19 July 2009|author=Declan Walsh|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=19 July 2009|location=London, UK}}</ref><ref name="Cnn2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/19/afghanistan.soldier.hostage|title=U.S. soldier captured by Taliban: 'I'm afraid'|date=19 July 2009| publisher=CNN|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-statement-on-sgt-bowe-bergdahl/2014/05/31/1cf3ebc2-e8e1-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html|title=Obama statement on Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 May 2014|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> The circumstances under which Bergdahl went missing and how he was captured by the Taliban have since become subjects of intense media scrutiny. '''Beaudry Robert''' "'''Bowe'''" '''Bergdahl''' (born March 28, 1986) is a former ] soldier who was held captive from 2009 to 2014 by the ]-aligned ] in ] and ].<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/19/bowe-bergdahl-soldier-cap_n_239930.html|title=Bowe Bergdahl: Soldier Captured In Afghanistan Identified As 23-Year-Old Idahoan|date=July 19, 2009|author1=Pamela Hess|author2=Lolita Baldur|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=July 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722111201/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/19/bowe-bergdahl-soldier-cap_n_239930.html|archive-date=July 22, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/19/afghanistan-captured-american-soldier-video|title=Taliban release video of captured US soldier|date=July 19, 2009|author=Declan Walsh|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=July 19, 2009|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Cnn2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/19/afghanistan.soldier.hostage|title=U.S. soldier captured by Taliban: 'I'm afraid'|date=July 19, 2009|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-statement-on-sgt-bowe-bergdahl/2014/05/31/1cf3ebc2-e8e1-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html|title=Obama statement on Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>


Bergdahl was released on May 31, 2014, as part of a prisoner exchange for ] who were being held at the ]. This exchange and the ceremony announcing it, held in the ], generated controversy in the United States. On December 14, 2015, the U.S. Army announced that Bergdahl would be tried by general ] on charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy.<ref name="referred-court-martial-abc" /> In 2016, Bergdahl's case was the focus of Season 2 of ].<ref name="Serial: Season Two">{{Cite web|url=https://serialpodcast.org|title=Serial: Season Two|website=Serial|access-date=2016-05-27}}</ref> Bergdahl was captured after leaving his post on June 30, 2009. The circumstances under which Bergdahl went missing and how he was captured by the Taliban have since become subjects of intense media scrutiny. He was released on May 31, 2014, as part of a prisoner exchange for ] who were being held at the ].

During his ], ] denounced Sgt. Bergdahl as a “dirty rotten traitor,” or something similar, dozens of times.<ref name="traitor">nytimes.com 20 January 2017: </ref>
Bergdahl was tried by general ] on charges of ] and misbehavior before the enemy,<ref name="referred-court-martial-abc"/> and on October 16, 2017, he entered a ] before a military judge at ], ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41642168|title=Bowe Bergdahl pleads guilty to desertion|date=October 16, 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref> On November 3, 2017, he was sentenced to be ], reduced in rank to private and fined $1,000 per month from his pay for ten months, with no prison time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/03/politics/bowe-bergdahl-sentenced/index.html|title=Bowe Bergdahl receives dishonorable discharge, avoids jail time|last=Andone|first=Dakin|date=November 3, 2017|work=CNN}}</ref> The fine and reduction in rank took effect immediately, while the discharge was stayed pending appeals to the ] and later to the ], which affirmed the sentence on August 27, 2020.<ref name=CAAFupholds>{{cite news |last1=Hodge Seck |first1=Hope |title=Court Upholds Bowe Bergdahl's Sentence Despite Trump 'Dirty Traitor' Comments |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/08/28/court-upholds-bowe-bergdahls-sentence-despite-trump-dirty-traitor-comments.html |access-date= July 9, 2021 |work=Military.com |publisher=Military Advantage |quote=The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces handed down a decision Thursday on the sentence, which was delivered in 2017 and has already been upheld at the lower appellate level.}}</ref> Bergdahl then filed in the ] to have a U.S. federal judge review his sentence.<ref name=MC20210219 /><ref name=MC20210819 /> On July 25, 2023, the judge issued a ruling that voided his 2017 court-martial conviction.<ref name="Reuters20230725"/>


==Early life and education== ==Early life and education==
Bergdahl was born in 1986, in ], to Robert Bergdahl, a commercial truck driver, and his wife Jani (Larson) Bergdahl. He is of ] and ] ancestry.<ref name="RollingStone"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/usa/norskamerikansk-soldat-frigitt-i-afghanistan/a/10131557/|title=Norskamerikansk soldat frigitt i Afghanistan|author=Cathrine Ekehaug|work=VG|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norwaynews.com/en/~view.php?73Xb354jM64833t285boh844XQ2885Ti76CGg353P8V8|title=Full story - Norwaynews.com|work=norwaynews.com|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="kboi1">{{cite news |url=http://www.kboi2.com/news/local/51336717.html|title=Who is Pfc. Bowe Bergdahl?|publisher=] 2|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1394&dat=20070213&id=JAUlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gBIGAAAAIBAJ&pg=559,2585100|title=Dr. Craig Larson, 73|newspaper=The Warren Tribune|date=13 February 2007|p=10A}}</ref> He has an older sister, Sky Albrecht.<ref name="RollingStone"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mtexpress.com/2000/01-12-00/naval.htm|title=Idaho Mountain Express: Naval Academy is first class for Michael Albrecht|publisher=Mtexpress.com|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://syvnews.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/recent-obituaries/article_10a7d865-3d58-5c17-bf72-82f297d4ced4.html|title=Recent Obituaries|publisher=Syvnews.com|date=25 February 2007|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> Both Bergdahl and his sister were ]ed by their mother in ]. The family attended Sovereign Redeemer Presbyterian Church, an ]. He received a ] certificate through the ].<ref name="kboi1"/><ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/us/bowe-bergdahls-unlikely-journey-to-life-as-a-taliban-prisoner.html|title=Idahoan's Unlikely Journey to Life as a Taliban Prisoner|first=Elisabeth|last=Bumiller|date=13 May 2012|newspaper=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=AP Photo |author=The Bergdahl Family|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2012/01/taliban_may_use_bowe_bergdahl.html|title=Taliban may use Bowe Bergdahl, captured Idaho soldier, to push for talks with U.S.|publisher=OregonLive.com|date=5 January 2012|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="oregonlive1">{{cite news |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/07/family_of_captured_soldier_mov.html|title=Family of captured soldier moved by outpouring of support|publisher=OregonLive.com|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> As an adult, Bergdahl studied and practiced fencing and martial arts before changing to ] classes at the Sun Valley Ballet School in ].<ref name="kboi1"/><ref name="nytimes1"/> He has never owned a car, and rode his bicycle everywhere.<ref name="oregonlive1"/> He spent time in a ] between 2007 and 2008.<ref name="worldmag1">{{Cite news |last=Dean |first=Jamie |url=https://www.worldmag.com/mobile/go-full/2014/06/the_curious_case_of_bowe_bergdahl |title=The curious case of Bowe Bergdahl |newspaper=] |date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Bergdahl was born in 1986 in ]. He is of ] and ] ancestry.<ref name="RollingStone"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/usa/norskamerikansk-soldat-frigitt-i-afghanistan/a/10131557|title=Norskamerikansk soldat frigitt i Afghanistan|author=Cathrine Ekehaug|work=VG|date=May 31, 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="kboi1">{{cite news|url=http://www.kboi2.com/news/local/51336717.html|title=Who is Pfc. Bowe Bergdahl?|publisher=] 2|access-date=May 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116105038/http://www.kboi2.com/news/local/51336717.html|archive-date=January 16, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1394&dat=20070213&id=JAUlAAAAIBAJ&pg=559,2585100|title=Dr. Craig Larson, 73|newspaper=The Warren Tribune|date=February 13, 2007|page=10A}}</ref> He has an older sister.<ref name="RollingStone"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtexpress.com/2000/01-12-00/naval.htm|title=Idaho Mountain Express: Naval Academy is first class for Michael Albrecht|publisher=Mtexpress.com|access-date=May 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216052556/http://mtexpress.com/2000/01-12-00/naval.htm|archive-date=February 16, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://syvnews.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/recent-obituaries/article_10a7d865-3d58-5c17-bf72-82f297d4ced4.html|title=Recent Obituaries|publisher=Syvnews.com|date=February 25, 2007|access-date=May 31, 2014}}</ref> Both Bergdahl and his sister were ] by their mother in ]. The family attended Sovereign Redeemer Presbyterian Church, an ].

Bergdahl received a ] certificate through the ].<ref>{{cite news|agency=AP Photo |author=The Bergdahl Family|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2012/01/taliban_may_use_bowe_bergdahl.html|title=Taliban may use Bowe Bergdahl, captured Idaho soldier, to push for talks with U.S.|publisher=OregonLive.com|date=January 5, 2012|access-date=May 31, 2014}}</ref> As an adult, Bergdahl studied and practiced ] and ] before changing to ] classes at the Sun Valley Ballet School in ].<ref name="kboi1"/><ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/us/bowe-bergdahls-unlikely-journey-to-life-as-a-taliban-prisoner.html|title=Idahoan's Unlikely Journey to Life as a Taliban Prisoner|first=Elisabeth|last=Bumiller|date=May 13, 2012|newspaper=]}}</ref> He spent time in a ] between 2007 and 2008.<ref name="worldmag1">{{Cite news|last=Dean|first=Jamie|url=https://world.wng.org/2014/06/the_curious_case_of_bowe_bergdahl|title=The curious case of Bowe Bergdahl|newspaper=]|date=June 3, 2014|access-date=July 19, 2019|archive-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719142727/https://world.wng.org/2014/06/the_curious_case_of_bowe_bergdahl|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Military career== ==Military career==
In 2006, Bergdahl entered ] in the ] but was discharged after 26 days for psychological reasons and received an "]".<ref name="wpostjune2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bergdahls-writings-reveal-a-fragile-young-man/2014/06/11/fb9349fe-f165-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html|title=Bergdahl's writings reveal a fragile young man|date=June 11, 2014|first=Stephanie|last=McCrummen|work=The Washington Post|location=Washington, D.C.|accessdate=June 19, 2014}}</ref> In 2006, Bergdahl entered ] in the ] but was discharged after twenty-six days for psychological reasons, receiving an "]" as an entry-level separation.<ref name="wpostjune2014">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bergdahls-writings-reveal-a-fragile-young-man/2014/06/11/fb9349fe-f165-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html|title=Bergdahl's writings reveal a fragile young man|date=June 11, 2014|first=Stephanie|last=McCrummen|newspaper=The Washington Post|location=Washington, DC|access-date=June 19, 2014}}</ref>


In 2008, Bergdahl enlisted in the ] and graduated from the infantry school at ], Georgia.<ref name="RollingStone"/> He was then assigned to the 1st Battalion, ], ], ], based at ], Alaska.<ref name="Ap2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/ci_12871687|title=Soldier held in Afghanistan is 23-year-old Idahoan|date=19 July 2009|author=John Miller|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=19 July 2009}}</ref> In 2008, Bergdahl enlisted in the ] and graduated from the ] at ], Georgia.<ref name="RollingStone"/> He was then assigned to the 1st Battalion, ], ], ], based at ], Alaska.<ref name="Ap2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/ci_12871687|title=Soldier held in Afghanistan is 23-year-old Idahoan|date=July 19, 2009|author=John Miller|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007001728/http://www.sltrib.com/ci_12871687|archive-date=October 7, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


According to a fellow soldier, Specialist Jason Fry, Bergdahl was a loner. "He wasn't one of the troublemakers – he was focused and well-behaved." Bergdahl was isolated by choice from his fellow soldiers; for instance, instead of socializing with his comrades during Thanksgiving, he studied maps of Afghanistan. Bergdahl told Fry before their deployment to ], "If this deployment is lame, I'm just going to walk off into the mountains of Pakistan."<ref name="RollingStone"/> According to a fellow soldier, ] Jason Fry, Bergdahl, whom Fry described as a loner but "focused and well-behaved", told him before deploying to ]: "If this deployment is lame, I'm just going to walk off into the mountains of ]."<ref name="RollingStone"/> Instead of socializing with his comrades during ], he studied maps of Afghanistan.<ref name="RollingStone"/>


Bergdahl's unit was deployed to Afghanistan in May 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/19/us/bowe-bergdahl-fast-facts/|title=Bowe Bergdahl Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=31 May 2014|accessdate=13 June 2014}}</ref> His unit was sent to an outpost named Mest-Malak in Afghanistan to conduct ] operations. Bergdahl began learning to speak ], and according to Fry, Bergdahl "began to gravitate away from his unit", spending "more time with the Afghans than he did with his platoon". Bergdahl's father described his son to military investigators as "psychologically isolated".<ref name="RollingStone"/> Bergdahl's unit deployed to outpost Mest-Malak in May 2009,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/19/us/bowe-bergdahl-fast-facts/|title=Bowe Bergdahl Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=May 31, 2014|access-date=June 13, 2014}}</ref> where they conducted ] operations. Bergdahl began learning to speak ] and, according to Fry, "to gravitate away from his unit more time with the ]s than he did with his platoon". Bergdahl's father described his son to military investigators as "]".<ref name="RollingStone"/>


===Before capture=== ===Before capture===
On June 25, 2009, Bergdahl's battalion suffered its first casualty: First Lieutenant Brian Bradshaw was killed in a blast from a roadside bomb near the village of ], not far from Bergdahl's outpost. Bergdahl's father believes Bradshaw and Bergdahl had grown close at the ], and Bradshaw's death darkened Bergdahl's mood.<ref name="RollingStone"/> On June 25, 2009, Bergdahl's battalion suffered its first casualty: ] Brian Bradshaw was killed by a ] near the village of ], not far from Bergdahl's outpost. Bergdahl's father believes that Bradshaw and Bergdahl had grown close at the ] and that Bradshaw's death darkened Bergdahl's mood.<ref name="RollingStone"/>


==== Last e-mail to parents ==== ====Last e-mail to parents====
On June 27, 2009, Bergdahl sent an e-mail to his parents before he was captured:<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}} On June 27, 2009, Bergdahl sent an e-mail to his parents before he was captured:<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}}


{{quotation|mom, dad {{quotation|mom, dad
The future is too good to waste on lies. And life is way too short to care for the damnation of others, as well as to spend it helping fools with their ideas that are wrong. I have seen their ideas and I am ashamed to even be american. The horror of the self-righteous arrogance that they thrive in. It is all revolting. and one of the biggest shit bags is being put in charge of the team. a conceited old fool. In the US army you are cut down for being honest... but if you are a conceited brown nosing shit bag you will be allowed to do what ever you want, and you will be handed your higher rank... The system is wrong. I am ashamed to be an american. And the title of US soldier is just the lie of fools. ... The US army is the biggest joke the world has to laugh at. It is the army of liars, backstabbers, fools, and bullies. The few good SGTs are getting out as soon as they can, I am sorry for everything here. These people need help, yet what they get is the most conceited country in the world telling them that they are nothing and that they are stupid, that they have no idea how to live... We don't even care when we hear each other talk about running their children down in the dirt streets with our armored trucks... We make fun of them in front of their faces, and laugh at them for not understanding we are insulting them I am sorry for everything. The horror that is america is disgusting. There are a few more boxes coming to you guys. Feel free to open them, and use them.<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}}}} The future is too good to waste on lies. And life is way too short to care for the damnation of others, as well as to spend it helping fools with their ideas that are wrong. I have seen their ideas and I am ashamed to even be american. The horror of the self-righteous arrogance that they thrive in is all revolting. and one of the biggest shit bags is being put in charge of the team. a conceited old fool. In the US army you are cut down for being honest{{nbsp}}... but if you are a conceited brown nosing shit bag you will be allowed to do you want, and you will be handed your higher rank{{nbsp}}... The system is wrong. I am ashamed to be an american. And the title of US soldier is just the lie of fools.{{nbsp}}... The US army is the biggest joke the world has to laugh at. It is the army of liars, backstabbers, fools, and bullies. The few good SGTs are getting out as soon as they can, I am sorry for everything here. These people need help, yet what they get is the most conceited country in the world telling them that they are nothing and that they are stupid, that they have no idea how to live{{nbsp}}... We don't even care when we hear each other talk about running their children down in the dirt streets with our armored trucks{{nbsp}}... We make fun of them in front of their faces, and laugh at them for not understanding we are insulting them I am sorry for everything. The horror that is america is disgusting. There are a few more boxes coming to you guys. Feel free to open them, and use them.<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}}}}


Bob Bergdahl responded to his son's final message not long after he received it: Bob Bergdahl responded to his son's final message not long after he received it:
Line 46: Line 49:
{{quotation|OBEY YOUR CONSCIENCE! {{quotation|OBEY YOUR CONSCIENCE!
Dear Bowe, In matters of life and death, and especially at war, it is never safe to ignore ones' conscience. Ethics demands obedience to our conscience. It is best to also have a systematic oral defense of what our conscience demands. Stand with like minded men when possible. Dear Bowe, In matters of life and death, and especially at war, it is never safe to ignore ones' conscience. Ethics demands obedience to our conscience. It is best to also have a systematic oral defense of what our conscience demands. Stand with like minded men when possible.
dad.<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}}}} Dad.<ref name="RollingStone"/>{{rp|4}}}}


==== Last communication with platoon ==== ====Last communication with platoon====
A former senior military officer briefed on the investigation into Bergdahl's disappearance stated that on the night he went missing, Bergdahl left a note.<ref name=foxnews63009/> The existence of such a note was disputed by the ] during a meeting with Congress on the release of Bergdahl, according to Senator ].<ref name=SaxbyWH>, '']''</ref>


In his sworn statement, Bergdahl denied leaving a note. Investigating officer ] Kenneth Dahl acknowledged that there was no evidence of his leaving a note.<ref name="Full-Transcript">{{cite web|title=Full Transcript of Bowe Bergdahl Statement|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/305010451/Full-Transcript-of-Bowe-Bergdahl-Statement|access-date=October 30, 2017|page=178|publisher=PBS NewsHour}}</ref>
A former senior military officer briefed on the investigation into Bergdahl's disappearance said that on the night he went missing, Bergdahl left a note in his tent that said he was leaving to start a new life.<ref name="sc&s">Eric Schmitt; Helene Cooper; Charlie Savage (2 June 2014) , ''The New York Times''</ref> It was reported that the letter said that Bergdahl wanted to renounce his citizenship.<ref name=foxnews63009/> According to Senator ], the White House said there was no note during a meeting with Congress on the release of Bergdahl.<ref name=SaxbyWH>, '']''</ref> Bergdahl himself stated in an interview broadcast on ''Serial'' that he left no note.<ref name="Serial: Season Two"/>


== Captivity == ==Captivity==


===Circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance===
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Afghanistan {{Location map|Afghanistan
|width = 220
| native_name =
|float = right
| native_name_lang =
|caption = Observation Post Mest in ], where Bergdahl was captured
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = |alt = Map of Afghanistan with mark
|label = Observation Post Mest
| image_alt =
|lat_deg = 32.96778335
| image_caption =
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Bergdahl walked away from his battalion on the night of June 30, 2009, at ] (OP) Mest near the town of ] in ].<ref name="NBC"/> Accounts of his capture differ. In a video, Bergdahl said he was captured when he fell behind on a ].<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Taliban sources allege he was ambushed after becoming drunk off base; U.S. military sources deny that claim, stating, "The Taliban are known for lying and what they are claiming not true."<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/> A Department of Defense spokesperson said, "I'm glad to see he appears unharmed, but again, this is a Taliban propaganda video. They are exploiting the soldier in violation of ]."<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/><ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19"/>
===Circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance===


Bergdahl went missing on the night of June 30, 2009, near the town of ] in ].<ref name="NBC"/> Accounts of his capture differ. In a video, Bergdahl stated that he was captured when he fell behind on a ].<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Taliban sources allege he was ambushed after becoming drunk off base; U.S. military sources deny that claim, stating, "The Taliban are known for lying and what they are claiming not true".<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/> A Department of Defense spokesperson said, "I'm glad to see he appears unharmed, but again, this is a Taliban propaganda video. They are exploiting the soldier in violation of ]."<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/><ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19"/> Other sources said Bergdahl walked off base after his shift<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32007586/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/t/parents-captured-gi-plead-privacy|title=Parents of captured GI plead for privacy|publisher=MSNBC|date=20 July 2009|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> or that he was grabbed from a ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/31/world/meast/afghanistan-bergdahl-aboard-helicopter/ |title=Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl: Flight to freedom |publisher=CNN |date=31 May 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>, WikiLeaks</ref> In 2009, the ] attributed his disappearance to "walking off his base in eastern Afghanistan with three Afghan counterparts and was believed to have been taken prisoner".<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date= 19 July 2009 |url=http://archive.news10.net/news/national/story.aspx?storyid=63538 |title=Soldier Held in Afghanistan From Idaho |publisher=News 10 ABC |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Other sources said Bergdahl walked off base after his shift<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna32007586|title=Parents of captured GI plead for privacy|work=NBC News|date=July 20, 2009|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref> or that he was grabbed from a ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/31/world/meast/afghanistan-bergdahl-aboard-helicopter/ |title=Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl: Flight to freedom |publisher=CNN |date=May 31, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> In 2009, the ] attributed his disappearance to "walking off his base in eastern Afghanistan with three Afghan counterparts and was believed to have been taken prisoner".<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=July 19, 2009 |url=http://archive.news10.net/news/national/story.aspx?storyid=63538 |title=Soldier Held in Afghanistan From Idaho |publisher=News 10 ABC |access-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606225725/http://archive.news10.net/news/national/story.aspx?storyid=63538 |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>


General Nabi Mullakheil of the ] said the capture occurred in ].<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Other sources say that he was captured by a Taliban group led by Mullah ], who moved him to ].<ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19"/> He was held by the ], an insurgent group affiliated with the Taliban, probably somewhere in Pakistan.<ref name="NBC">{{cite news |url=http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/10/11633115-frustrated-dad-of-taliban-prisoner-bowe-bergdahl-takes-matters-into-own-hands?lite|title='Frustrated': Dad of Taliban prisoner Bowe Bergdahl takes matters into own hands|publisher=Worldnews.msnbc.msn.com|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> General Nabi Mullakheil of the ] said the capture occurred in ].<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Other sources say that he was captured by a Taliban group led by Mullah ], who moved him to ].<ref name="TheGuardian2009-07-19"/> He was held by the ], an insurgent group affiliated with the Taliban, probably somewhere in Pakistan.<ref name="NBC">{{cite news|url=http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/10/11633115-frustrated-dad-of-taliban-prisoner-bowe-bergdahl-takes-matters-into-own-hands?lite|title='Frustrated': Dad of Taliban prisoner Bowe Bergdahl takes matters into own hands|publisher=]|access-date=November 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513083317/http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/10/11633115-frustrated-dad-of-taliban-prisoner-bowe-bergdahl-takes-matters-into-own-hands?lite|archive-date=May 13, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


Bergdahl was a ] when captured; he was promoted ''in absentia'' to ] on June 19, 2010, and to ] on June 17, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14580|title=Press release 14580|work=U.S. Department of Defense}}</ref> According to soldiers in Bergdahl's platoon, the morning when Bergdahl was discovered to be missing, his equipment was found neatly stacked, with his compass missing.<ref name="Bethea2014"/> Bergdahl was a ] when captured; he was promoted ''in absentia'' to ] on June 19, 2010, and to ] on June 17, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14580|title=Press release 14580|work=U.S. Department of Defense}}</ref> According to soldiers in Bergdahl's platoon, the morning when Bergdahl was discovered to be missing, his equipment was found neatly stacked, with his compass missing.<ref name="Bethea2014"/>


A Pentagon investigation in 2010 concluded that Bergdahl walked away from his unit.<ref>{{cite news|author=Steven Nelson|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/06/03/bowe-bergdahl-desertion-charges|title=Sgt. Bergdahl to the Firing Squad? – US News|publisher=Usnews.com|date=|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Ken Dilanian |author2=Deb Riechmann |lastauthoramp=yes |url=https://news.yahoo.com/us-concluded-2010-bergdahl-walked-away-185047684--politics.html|title=U.S. concluded in 2010 that Bergdahl walked away Yahoo News|publisher=News.yahoo.com|date=20 April 2011|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dilanian|first=Ken|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/06/01/4150977/us-soldier-released-after-5-years.html|title=WASHINGTON: Questions loom over Bergdahl-Taliban swap|work=Miami Herald|date=30 June 2009|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Bergdahl wrote e-mails to his parents in which he reported having become disillusioned with the war effort and bothered by the treatment of Afghans by American soldiers. He said in his e-mail he was ashamed to be American.<ref name=foxnews63009>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/06/03/wartime-messages-to-parents-fellow-soldiers-reveal-troubled-bergdahl/|title=Bergdahl wrote of 'have seen their ideas' and 'ashamed to even be' an American in emails|publisher=Fox News|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Some sources say ] before leaving, though this was denied. A Pentagon investigation in 2010 concluded that Bergdahl walked away from his unit.<ref>{{cite news|author=Steven Nelson|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/06/03/bowe-bergdahl-desertion-charges|title=Sgt. Bergdahl to the Firing Squad? – US News|publisher=Usnews.com|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Riechmann |first2=Deb |url=https://gazette.com/military/us-concluded-in-2010-that-army-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-walked-away/article_864e1d15-6e93-5f2b-bf52-c2e532457792.html|title=U.S. concluded in 2010 that Bergdahl walked away|work=]|agency=]|date=April 20, 2011|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dilanian|first=Ken|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/06/01/4150977/us-soldier-released-after-5-years.html|title= Questions loom over Bergdahl-Taliban swap|work=Miami Herald|date=June 30, 2009|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Bergdahl had written (prior to his departure) e-mails to his parents in which he reported having become disillusioned with the war effort and bothered by the treatment of Afghans by American soldiers. He said in his e-mail he was ashamed to be American.<ref name=foxnews63009>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/06/03/wartime-messages-to-parents-fellow-soldiers-reveal-troubled-bergdahl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603161621/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/06/03/wartime-messages-to-parents-fellow-soldiers-reveal-troubled-bergdahl/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 3, 2014|title=Bergdahl wrote of 'have seen their ideas' and 'ashamed to even be' an American in emails|publisher=Fox News|date=June 3, 2014|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref>


] ] said: "The questions about this particular soldier's conduct are separate from our effort to recover ANY U.S. service member in enemy captivity" and that the military will investigate how Bergdahl was captured. "Like any American, he is innocent until proven guilty. Our Army’s leaders will not look away from misconduct if it occurred. In the meantime, we will continue to care for him and his family."<ref>{{cite news |author=Reuters |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/u-army-not-look-away-bergdahl-misconduct-dempsey-182938619.html |title=U.S. Army will not look away from any Bergdahl misconduct – Dempsey – Yahoo News India |publisher=In.news.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/dempsey-army-will-not-look-away-from-bergdahl-allegations-20140603| title= Dempsey: Army 'Will Not Look Away' From Bergdahl Allegations |work= ]}}<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> ] ] said: "The questions about this particular soldier's conduct are separate from our effort to recover ''any'' U.S. service member in enemy captivity" and that the military will investigate how Bergdahl was captured. "Like any American, he is innocent until proven guilty. Our Army's leaders will not look away from misconduct if it occurred. In the meantime, we will continue to care for him and his family."<ref>{{cite news|publisher=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghanistan-bergdahl-dempsey-idUSKBN0EE14720140603|title=U.S. Army will not look away from any Bergdahl misconduct – Dempsey|date=June 3, 2014|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/dempsey-army-will-not-look-away-from-bergdahl-allegations-20140603|title=Dempsey: Army 'Will Not Look Away' From Bergdahl Allegations|work= ]}}</ref>


Some soldiers who served with Bergdahl have called him a ].<ref name=desher>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/01/us/bergdahl-deserter-or-hero/|title=Fellow soldiers call Bowe Bergdahl a deserter, not a hero|publisher=Cnn.com|date=|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Joe Gould |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/05/31/military-online-reaction-mixed-to-bergdahl-release-/9819451/|title=Reaction to Bergdahl release mixed on online forum|work=USA Today|date=31 May 2014|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.navytimes.com/article/20140531/NEWS/305310046/Military-community-reaction-mixed-Bergdahl-release|title=Military community reaction mixed to Bergdahl release &#124; Navy Times|publisher=navytimes.com|date=|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Nathan Bradley Bethea, a member of Bergdahl's battalion wrote a '']'' article stating that there was no patrol the night that Bergdahl went missing, and that Bergdahl had talked about his desire to walk to India. Bethea wrote that the brigade received an order not to discuss Bergdahl due to safety reasons, but now that he has been found there is not a need for further silence.<ref>{{cite news|author= |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/02/we-lost-soldiers-in-the-hunt-for-bergdahl-a-guy-who-walked-off-in-the-dead-of-night.html|title=We Lost Soldiers in the Hunt for Bergdahl, a Guy Who Walked Off in the Dead of Night – The Daily Beast|publisher=Thedailybeast.com|date=|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Cody Full, a member of Bergdahl's platoon, said "He knowingly deserted and put thousands of people in danger because he did. We swore to an oath and we upheld ours. He did not." Full said that Bergdahl had mailed his computer and other possessions home prior to his disappearance.<ref name="sc&s"/> Some soldiers who had served with Bergdahl have called him a ].<ref name=desher>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/01/us/bergdahl-deserter-or-hero|title=Fellow soldiers call Bowe Bergdahl a deserter, not a hero|publisher=Cnn.com|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Joe Gould|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/05/31/military-online-reaction-mixed-to-bergdahl-release-/9819451|title=Reaction to Bergdahl release mixed on online forum|work=USA Today|date=May 31, 2014|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.navytimes.com/article/20140531/NEWS/305310046/Military-community-reaction-mixed-Bergdahl-release|title=Military community reaction mixed to Bergdahl release|publisher=navytimes.com|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref>


Nathan Bradley Bethea, a member of Bergdahl's battalion, wrote a '']'' article stating that there was no patrol the night that Bergdahl went missing and that Bergdahl had talked about his desire to walk to India. Bethea wrote that the brigade received an order not to discuss Bergdahl due to safety reasons, but since he had been found there was no need for further silence.<ref>{{cite news|author= Nathan Bradley Bethea|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/02/we-lost-soldiers-in-the-hunt-for-bergdahl-a-guy-who-walked-off-in-the-dead-of-night.html|title=We Lost Soldiers in the Hunt for Bergdahl, a Guy Who Walked Off in the Dead of Night|publisher=The Daily Beast|date=June 2, 2014|access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Cody Full, a member of Bergdahl's platoon, said, "He knowingly deserted and put thousands of people in danger because he did. We swore to an oath and we upheld ours. He did not." Full said that Bergdahl had mailed his computer and other possessions home prior to his disappearance.<ref name="sc&s">Eric Schmitt; Helene Cooper; Charlie Savage (June 2, 2014) , ''The New York Times''</ref>
===Contacts by Taliban===


===Contacts by Taliban===
{{wikinews|Taliban publicize video of captured U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl}} {{wikinews|Taliban publicize video of captured U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl}}
On July 18, 2009, the ] released a video showing the captured Bergdahl.<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> In it, Bergdahl appeared downcast and frightened. A ] statement issued the following day confirmed that Bergdahl had been declared "missing/whereabouts unknown" on July 1, and that his status had been changed to "missing/captured" on July 3.<ref name="Usdod2009-07-19">{{Cite news| url=http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=12827|title=DoD Announces Soldier Status as Missing-Captured| date=19 July 2009|author=]|publisher=]| accessdate=25 December 2009}}</ref> In the 28-minute video, his captors held up his ] to establish that the captured man was Bergdahl.<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Bergdahl gave the date as July 14 and mentioned an attack that occurred that day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/07/19/world/main5173084.shtml|title=Pentagon IDs Soldier Held by Taliban|first=John|last=Miller|date=19 July 2009| accessdate = 29 December 2009|agency=Associated Press|work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite video|title=Video: U.S. Soldier, Bowie Bergdahl, Captured By Taliban|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NJV1XIRfWs|publisher=CNN|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/19/afghanistan.soldier.hostage/index.html|title=U.S. soldier captured by Taliban: 'I'm afraid'|publisher=CNN|date=19 July 2009|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref>


On July 18, 2009, the ] released a video showing Bergdahl,<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> who appeared downcast and frightened. A ] statement issued the following day confirmed that Bergdahl had been declared "]/whereabouts unknown" on July{{nbsp}}1 and that his status had been changed to "missing/]" on July 3.<ref name="Usdod2009-07-19">{{Cite news|url=http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=12827|title=DoD Announces Soldier Status as Missing-Captured|date=July 19, 2009|author=United States Department of Defense|publisher=]|access-date=December 25, 2009|author-link=United States Department of Defense}}</ref>
On December 25, 2009, five months after Bergdahl's disappearance, the media arm of the Taliban released a video of "a U.S. soldier captured in Afghanistan" titled "One of Their People Testified".<ref name=King1>{{cite news|last1=King|first1=Laura|title=Bergdahl denounces U.S. effort in Afghanistan in Taliban video|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/afghanistan-pakistan/la-fg-archive-taliban-video-shows-us-soldier-20140531-story.html|accessdate=21 December 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=26 December 2009}}</ref> The Taliban did not name the American, but the only U.S. soldier known to be in captivity was Bergdahl. U.S. military officials had been searching for Bergdahl, but it was not publicly known whether he was being held in Afghanistan or in Pakistan.<ref name="King1"/> On December 25, another video was released showing Bergdahl wearing sunglasses and a ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/svijet/video-talibani-objavili-snimku-zarobljenog-vojnika.html|title=Video: Talibani objavili snimku zarobljenog vojnika (Video: Talibans publish a recording of captured soldier)|publisher=Dnevnik.hr|date=25 December 2009|accessdate= 29 December 2009|language=Croatian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8430431.stm|title=Taliban video shows captive US soldier Bowe Bergdahl|publisher=BBC News|date=25 December 2009|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Jim|last=Heintz|author2=Amir Shah|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2009-12-25-928925036_x.htm|title=Family pleas for captive US soldier's release|date=25 December 2009|accessdate = 24 October 2011|agency=Associated Press|work=USA Today}}</ref> He described his place of birth, deployment to Afghanistan and subsequent capture, and made several statements regarding his humane treatment by his captors, contrasting this to the abuses suffered by insurgents in prisons. He finished by saying that the United States should not be involved in Afghanistan and that its presence there is akin to the Vietnam War.


In the twenty-eight–minute video, his captors held up his ] to establish that the captured man was Bergdahl.<ref name="HuffingtonPost2009-07-19"/> Bergdahl gave the date as July 14 and mentioned an attack that occurred that day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-ids-soldier-held-by-taliban/|title=Pentagon IDs Soldier Held by Taliban|first=John|last=Miller|date=July 19, 2009|access-date=December 29, 2009|agency=Associated Press|work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite video|title=Video: U.S. Soldier, Bowie Bergdahl, Captured By Taliban|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NJV1XIRfWs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/3NJV1XIRfWs |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 29, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/19/afghanistan.soldier.hostage/index.html|title=U.S. soldier captured by Taliban: 'I'm afraid'|publisher=CNN|date=July 19, 2009|access-date=December 29, 2009}}</ref>
The Taliban originally demanded $1 million<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.magicvalley.com/news/local/wood-river/article_5143da36-6583-5f6a-bb39-5b9ba8cf9232.html|title=Woodside Elementary students plead for Taliban to release Bergdahl|publisher=Magicvalley.com|date=12 October 2010|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> and the release of 21 Afghan prisoners and ], a Pakistani scientist convicted in a U.S. court on charges of attempted killing of U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan. Most of the Afghan prisoners sought were being held at ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?224245|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208153710/http://paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?224245|archivedate=8 February 2010|title=Pakistan News Service|publisher=PakTribune|accessdate=13 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="TheNews2010-02-05">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=27072|title=Taliban to execute US soldier if Aafia not released|publisher=]|date=5 February 2010|author=Mushtaq Yusufzai|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Ftop_story_detail.asp%3FId%3D27072&date=2010-02-06|archivedate=6 February 2010|quote=The Afghan Taliban on Thursday demanded the release of Aafia Siddiqui, a Pakistani scientist who has been "convicted by the U.S. court on charges of her alleged attempt to murder U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan, and threatened to execute an American soldier they were holding currently. They claimed Siddiqui's family had approached the Taliban network through a ] of notables, seeking their assistance to put pressure on the U.S. to provide her justice.}}</ref> The Taliban later reduced its demand to six Taliban prisoners in exchange for Bergdahl's release. After Taliban commander ] died of a heart attack at Guantanamo Bay on February 2, 2011, the demand was reduced to five Taliban prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/13/exclusive-meet-the-sixth-man-the-taliban-wanted-in-the-bergdahl-swap/|title=Exclusive: Meet the Sixth Man the Taliban Wanted in the Bergdahl Swap|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/national/article_d8d8c366-d9b6-11e2-9db6-001a4bcf887a.html|title=AP Exclusive: Taliban offer to free US soldier Bowe Bergdahl| work=Idaho State Journal |date=20 June 2013|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref>


On December 25, 2009, five months after Bergdahl's disappearance, the media arm of the Taliban released a video of "a U.S. soldier captured in Afghanistan" entitled "One of Their People Testified".<ref name=King1>{{cite news|last1=King|first1=Laura|title=Bergdahl denounces U.S. effort in Afghanistan in Taliban video|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/afghanistan-pakistan/la-fg-archive-taliban-video-shows-us-soldier-20140531-story.html|access-date=December 21, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 26, 2009}}</ref>
On April 7, 2010, the Taliban released a third video of Bergdahl, with a full head of hair and a beard, pleading for the release of Afghan prisoners held at Guantanamo and ]. In November 2010, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fourth video<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/12/ap-afghanistan-taliban-video-bowe-bergdahl-120810|title=Taliban video thought to show captured spc.|publisher=Armytimes.com|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> and in May 2011, in a fifth video.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/07/dad-captive-soldier-makes-public-appeal-pakistan|work=Fox News|title=Dad of Captive U.S. Soldier Makes Public Appeal to Pakistan|date=7 May 2011}}</ref>


The Taliban did not name the American, but the only U.S. soldier known to be in captivity was Bergdahl. U.S. military officials had been searching for Bergdahl, but it was not publicly known whether he was being held in Afghanistan or in Pakistan.<ref name="King1"/> On December 25, another video was released showing Bergdahl wearing sunglasses, a ], and ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/svijet/video-talibani-objavili-snimku-zarobljenog-vojnika.html|title=Video: Talibani objavili snimku zarobljenog vojnika (Video: Talibans publish a recording of captured soldier)|publisher=Dnevnik.hr|date=December 25, 2009|access-date=December 29, 2009|language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8430431.stm|title=Taliban video shows captive US soldier Bowe Bergdahl|work=BBC News|date=December 25, 2009|access-date=December 29, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Jim|last=Heintz|author2=Amir Shah|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2009-12-25-928925036_x.htm|title=Family pleas for captive US soldier's release|date=December 25, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2011|agency=Associated Press|work=USA Today}}</ref>
In June 2010, Bergdahl managed to escape his captors but was recaptured after five days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/06/exclusive-bergdahl-declared-jihad-secret-documents-show/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Bergdahl declared jihad in captivity, secret documents show|author=James Rosen|work=Fox News|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> In August 2010, it was reported that a Taliban commander named Haji Nadeem said Bergdahl was helping to train the Taliban in bomb-making and infantry tactics. The Pentagon dismissed the reports as ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Zatkulak|first=Karen|url=http://www.ktvb.com/news/Reports-about-captured-Idaho-soldier-not-true-101339234.html|title=NBC: Reports about captured Idaho soldier not true|publisher=Ktvb.com|date=23 August 2010|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.myfoxny.com/dpps/news/taliban%3A-captured-soldier-joined-cause-dpgonc-km-20100822_9290058|title=Taliban: Captured Soldier Joined Cause|publisher=Fox News|date=22 August 2010|accessdate=5 March 2012}}</ref>


He described his place of birth, deployment to Afghanistan, and subsequent capture and made several statements regarding his humane treatment by his captors, contrasting this to the abuses suffered by insurgents in prisons. He finished by stating that the ] should not be involved in Afghanistan and that its presence there was akin to the ].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
In December 2011, it was reported that Bergdahl had managed to escape again the previous August or September but was recaptured after three days.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/12/06/u-s-prisoner-bowe-bergdahl-s-failed-attempt-to-escape-from-taliban.html|title=U.S. Prisoner Bowe Bergdahl’s Failed Attempt to Escape From Taliban|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=7 December 2011|author=Sami Yousafzai|author2=Ron Moreau|deadurl=no|accessdate=2 September 2013}}</ref> In June 2013, Bergdahl's parents received a letter from him through the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57588087/pow-bowe-bergdahls-parents-receive-letter-from-captive-son|title=POW Bowe Bergdahl's parents receive letter from captive son|publisher=CBS News|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> In January 2014, the United States received another proof of life video dated December 14, 2013. In it, Bergdahl mentioned the death of South African president ], showing that the video had been filmed after December 5.


The Taliban originally demanded the release of six Taliban prisoners. After Taliban commander ] died of a heart attack at Guantanamo Bay on February 2, 2011, the demand was reduced to five Taliban prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/13/exclusive-meet-the-sixth-man-the-taliban-wanted-in-the-bergdahl-swap|title= Meet the Sixth Man the Taliban Wanted in the Bergdahl Swap|work=Foreign Policy|date= June 13, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/national/article_d8d8c366-d9b6-11e2-9db6-001a4bcf887a.html|title= Taliban offer to free US soldier Bowe Bergdahl|work=Idaho State Journal|agency=AP|date=June 20, 2013|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref>
In early 2014, it was suggested that the United States had attempted to secure the release of Bergdahl by paying a ], and that the intermediary absconded with the money. The Pentagon states that a ransom was not paid, but there was a payment made for intelligence, that did lead to the release of Bergdahl.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kristina Wong |title=GOP lawmaker: US military tried to pay ransom for Bergdahl |url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/223159-gop-lawmaker-us-military-tried-to-pay-intermediary-for-bergdahl |newspaper=The Hill |date=6 November 2014 |accessdate=24 January 2015 }}<br/>{{cite news |author=Bill Gertz |title=Pentagon got duped, made ransom payment for Bowe Bergdahl to con man |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/19/inside-the-ring-ransom-paid-for-bergdahl/?page=all#pagebreak |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=19 November 2014 |accessdate=24 January 2015 }}</ref>


On April 7, 2010, the Taliban released a third video depicting Bergdahl, pleading for the release of Afghan prisoners held at Guantanamo and ]. In November 2010, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fourth video. In May 2011, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fifth video.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/12/ap-afghanistan-taliban-video-bowe-bergdahl-120810|title=Taliban video thought to show captured spc.|publisher=Armytimes.com|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/07/dad-captive-soldier-makes-public-appeal-pakistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509084722/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/07/dad-captive-soldier-makes-public-appeal-pakistan/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 9, 2011|work=Fox News|title=Dad of Captive U.S. Soldier Makes Public Appeal to Pakistan|date=May 7, 2011}}</ref>
=== Search efforts ===


In June 2010, Bergdahl managed to escape his captors but was recaptured after less than nine days.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://serialpodcast.org/season-two/3/escaping/transcript |title = Episode 03: Escaping – Transcript}}</ref> In August 2010, it was reported that a Taliban commander named ] had claimed that Bergdahl was helping to train the Taliban in ] and infantry tactics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/dpps/news/taliban%3A-captured-soldier-joined-cause-dpgonc-km-20100822_9290058|title=Taliban: Captured Soldier Joined Cause|publisher=Fox News|date=August 22, 2010|access-date=March 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/06/exclusive-bergdahl-declared-jihad-secret-documents-show|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606212749/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/06/exclusive-bergdahl-declared-jihad-secret-documents-show/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 6, 2014|title= Bergdahl declared jihad in captivity, secret documents show|author=James Rosen|work=Fox News|access-date=March 25, 2015|date=2015-03-24}}</ref> The Pentagon dismissed the reports as ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Zatkulak|first=Karen|url=http://www.ktvb.com/news/Reports-about-captured-Idaho-soldier-not-true-101339234.html|title=NBC: Reports about captured Idaho soldier not true|publisher=Ktvb.com|date=August 23, 2010|access-date=November 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114012811/http://www.ktvb.com/news/Reports-about-captured-Idaho-soldier-not-true-101339234.html|archive-date=November 14, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
After Bergdahl was confirmed to be missing, the Army initiated a ] search to find him. According to soldiers from Bergdahl's platoon, fellow soldiers described an increase in attacks against the United States in Paktika Province in the days and weeks following Bergdahl's disappearance.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/01/us/bergdahl-deserter-or-hero/|title=Fellow soldiers call Bowe Bergdahl a deserter, not a hero|work=CNN|date=1 June 2014}}</ref> Significant resources were deployed in an effort to find Bergdahl.<ref name="Bethea2014">{{cite news |last=Bethea |first=Nathan Bradley |date=2 June 2014 |title=We Lost Soldiers in the Hunt for Bergdahl, a Guy Who Walked Off in the Dead of Night |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/02/we-lost-soldiers-in-the-hunt-for-bergdahl-a-guy-who-walked-off-in-the-dead-of-night.html |newspaper=Daily Beast |access-date=25 March 2015 }}</ref> Two ] leaflets were distributed by the U.S. military in seeking Bergdahl.<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/> One showed a smiling GI shaking hands with Afghan children, with a caption that called him a guest in Afghanistan. The other showed a door being broken down and threatened that those holding Bergdahl would be hunted down.<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/>


In June 2013, Bergdahl's parents received a letter from him through the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57588087/pow-bowe-bergdahls-parents-receive-letter-from-captive-son|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140531181623/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57588087/pow-bowe-bergdahls-parents-receive-letter-from-captive-son|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 31, 2014|title=POW Bowe Bergdahl's parents receive letter from captive son|work=CBS News|date=June 6, 2013|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref>
According to soldiers involved in the operations to find Bergdahl, at least six soldiers were killed in the search;<ref name=autogenerated2 /> this includes six soldiers in the same battalion as Bergdahl.<ref name="Bethea2014"/> A spokesman for the Pentagon said that it is impossible to confirm whether anyone's death was directly linked to the search for Bergdahl,<ref name="sc&s"/><ref name="fox six"/> but said the Pentagon will look further into the circumstances of the deaths being associated with the search.<ref name="fox six">{{cite news |author=FoxNews.com|title=Pentagon to review claims US soldiers killed during search for Bergdahl|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/02/pentagon-to-look-into-allegations-soldiers-killed-effort-to-recover-bergdahl/|publisher=FoxNews|date=2 June 2014|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref>


In January 2014, the United States received another proof-of-life video dated December 14, 2013, in which Bergdahl mentioned the death of ]n former president ], indicating the video had been recorded after December 5.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2014/01/15/22315644-us-has-recent-proof-of-life-video-of-pow-bowe-bergdahl?lite | title=U.S. Has recent 'proof of life' video of POW Bowe Bergdahl}}</ref>
Due to resources being diverted to find Bergdahl, the closing of Combat Outpost Keating was delayed, which may have led to eight American soldiers being killed on October 3, 2009, after ] overran the base.<ref name="sc&s"/><ref name=autogenerated2 /> A former senior military officer disputed that the diversion of resources led to the attack, noting that COP Keating was in "a dangerous region in Afghanistan in the middle of the ‘fighting season’" and that "it is 'difficult to establish a direct cause and effect.'”<ref name="sc&s"/> According to '']'', "A review of the database of casualties in the Afghan war suggests that Sergeant Bergdahl’s critics appear to be blaming him for every American soldier killed in Paktika Province in the four-month period that followed his disappearance."<ref name="sc&s"/>


In early 2014, it was suggested in some media that the United States government had attempted to secure the release of Bergdahl by paying a ] and that the intermediary had absconded with the money. The Pentagon said no ransom was paid but that a payment had been made for intelligence that led to Bergdahl's release.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kristina Wong|title=GOP lawmaker: US military tried to pay ransom for Bergdahl|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/223159-gop-lawmaker-us-military-tried-to-pay-intermediary-for-bergdahl/|newspaper=The Hill|date=November 6, 2014|access-date=January 24, 2015}}</ref>
=== Torture in captivity ===


===Search efforts===
According to a senior U.S. official, Bergdahl told military officials that he had been tortured, beaten, and held in a cage by his Taliban captors in Afghanistan after he tried to escape.<ref>Associated Press. June 8, 2014. . ''The Washington Post.'' Retrieved: 8 June 2014.</ref> He told medical officials that he was locked in a metal cage in total darkness for weeks at a time as punishment for trying to escape.<ref>Eric Schmitt. June 7, 2014. . ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved: 8 June 2014.</ref>
After Bergdahl was confirmed as missing, the Army initiated a ] search to find him. According to soldiers from his platoon, there was an increase in attacks against US forces in Paktika Province following his disappearance.<ref name=Cnn2014-06-01B/> Significant resources were deployed in an effort to find Bergdahl.<ref name="Bethea2014">{{cite news|last=Bethea|first=Nathan Bradley|date=June 2, 2014|title=We Lost Soldiers in the Hunt for Bergdahl, a Guy Who Walked Off in the Dead of Night|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/02/we-lost-soldiers-in-the-hunt-for-bergdahl-a-guy-who-walked-off-in-the-dead-of-night.html|newspaper=Daily Beast|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref> Two ] leaflets were distributed by the U.S. military in seeking Bergdahl.<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/> One showed a smiling GI shaking hands with Afghan children, with a caption that called him a guest in Afghanistan. The other showed a door being broken down and threatened that those holding Bergdahl would be hunted down.<ref name="Cnn2009-07-19"/>

According to soldiers involved in the effort to find Bergdahl, at least six soldiers from his battalion were killed during the search.<ref name=Cnn2014-06-01B/><ref name="Bethea2014"/> Retired general ] also blamed their deaths on the search for him.<ref name=Serial2016-10-16/> National Guard Master Sgt. Mark Allen was on a mission to gather information about Bergdahl from two Afghan villages in July 2009 when his unit was ambushed by insurgents using small arms, machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades. Allen, who was shot in the head, was permanently disabled from the wound, leaving him unable to walk or speak. He died on October 12, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/14/us/mark-allen-dies-soldier-who-searched-for-bowe-bergdahl/index.html|title=Mark Allen, soldier injured in 2009 search for Bowe Bergdahl, dies|author=Jamiel Lynch and Ralph Ellis|website=CNN|date=October 15, 2019|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/master-sgt-mark-allen-dies-10-years-after-being-shot-in-head-while-looking-for-army-deserter |title = Master SGT. Mark Allen dies 10 years after being shot while searching for Army deserter| website=] |date = October 13, 2019}}</ref>

Officers who served in Afghanistan during that time told CNN that diverting resources to find Bergdahl delayed the closing of ],<ref name=Cnn2014-06-01B/> where eight American soldiers were killed on October 3, 2009, when ] overran the base.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/06/world/asia/06afghan.html|title=U.S. Military Faults Leaders in Attack on Base|last=Nordland|first=Rod|date=February 5, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 16, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Torture in captivity===
According to a senior U.S. official, Bergdahl told military officials that he had been tortured, beaten, and held in a cage by his captors after he tried to escape.<ref>]. June 8, 2014. . ''The Washington Post.'' Retrieved: June 8, 2014.</ref> He told medical officials that he was locked in a metal cage in total darkness for weeks at a time as punishment for trying to escape.<ref>Eric Schmitt. June 7, 2014. . ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved: June 8, 2014.</ref>


==Release== ==Release==
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On May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was released by his captors and recovered by ], a ] component of the ] in eastern ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Touch and go on Bergdahl release until very end|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-worried-to-very-end-about-bergdahls-release/2014/06/03/d62bc87c-eaed-11e3-b10e-5090cf3b5958_story.html|website=The Washington Post|accessdate=3 June 2014}}</ref> The release was brokered by the American, ], and Afghan governments with the Taliban, in exchange for five ] detainees transferred to Qatari custody for at least one year. At 10:30&nbsp;a.m. (]) on May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was handed over by 18 Taliban members to a special operations team<ref>{{cite news|title=Hagel, Rice praise Bergdahl recovery mission, soldier's parents speak out|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/06/02/hagel-rice-praise-bergdahl-recover-mission-defend-swiftness-not-telling/|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=Fox News|date=2 June 2014}}</ref> in eastern Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite news |title=US soldier held captive by Taliban in Afghanistan for nearly five years freed|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/05/31/wh-us-solider-held-in-afghanistan-bergdahl-is-released-after-five-years/|publisher=Fox News|accessdate=1 June 2014}}</ref> near ] on the ], in what was described as a "peaceful handover."<ref>{{cite news|last=Starr|first=Barbara|title=Bowe Bergdahl, U.S. soldier held in Afghanistan, freed in apparent swap|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/31/world/asia/afghanistan-bergdahl-release/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|accessdate=31 May 2014|newspaper=CNN|date=31 May 2014}}</ref> A video of the handover was later released by the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/04/politics/bowe-bergdahl-release/index.html |title=Taliban video shows Bowe Bergdahl's release in Afghanistan – |publisher=CNN |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> On May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was released by his captors and recovered by ], a ] component of the ] in eastern ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Touch and go on Bergdahl release until very end|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-worried-to-very-end-about-bergdahls-release/2014/06/03/d62bc87c-eaed-11e3-b10e-5090cf3b5958_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603232650/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-worried-to-very-end-about-bergdahls-release/2014/06/03/d62bc87c-eaed-11e3-b10e-5090cf3b5958_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 3, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 3, 2014}}</ref> The release was brokered with the Taliban by the American, ], and Afghan governments, in exchange for five ] detainees transferred to Qatari custody for at least one year. At 10:30&nbsp;a.m. (]) on May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was handed over by 18 Taliban members to a special operations team<ref>{{cite news|title=Hagel, Rice praise Bergdahl recovery mission, soldier's parents speak out|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/hagel-rice-praise-bergdahl-recovery-mission-soldiers-parents-speak-out/|access-date=June 3, 2014|publisher=Fox News|date=June 2, 2014}}</ref> in eastern Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite news |title=US soldier held captive by Taliban in Afghanistan for nearly five years freed|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-soldier-held-captive-by-taliban-in-afghanistan-for-nearly-five-years-freed/|publisher=Fox News|access-date=June 1, 2014}}</ref> near ] on the ], in what was described as a "peaceful handover".<ref>{{cite news|last=Starr|first=Barbara|title=Bowe Bergdahl, U.S. soldier held in Afghanistan, freed in apparent swap|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/31/world/asia/afghanistan-bergdahl-release/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|access-date=May 31, 2014|newspaper=CNN|date=May 31, 2014}}</ref> A video of the handover was later released by the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/04/politics/bowe-bergdahl-release/index.html |title=Taliban video shows Bowe Bergdahl's release in Afghanistan – |publisher=CNN |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref>


Bergdahl was treated by U.S. military medical staff at an undisclosed base in eastern Afghanistan. He was then transferred to ] before being flown to ] in ], for medical treatment.<ref>{{cite news |title=US soldier Bowe Bergdahl freed by Taliban in Afghanistan|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27651690|work=31 May 2014|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> On June 13, 2014, he was flown by military plane to ], ], where he was taken to the ] to complete his recovery and reintegration.<ref name="BergdahlinUS">{{cite news|title=Pentagon says Bergdahl has arrived in Texas|url=http://www.thesanantonionews.net/index.php/sid/222889431/scat/c08dd24cec417021/ht/Pentagon-says-Bergdahl-has-arrived-in-Texas|accessdate=13 June 2014|publisher=The San Antonio News}}</ref> Bergdahl was treated by U.S. military medical staff at an undisclosed base in eastern Afghanistan. He was then transferred to ] before being flown to ] in Germany, for medical treatment.<ref>{{cite news |title=US soldier Bowe Bergdahl freed by Taliban in Afghanistan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27651690|work=31 May 2014|publisher=BBC News|access-date=May 31, 2014}}</ref> On June 13, 2014, he was flown by military plane to San Antonio, Texas, where he was taken to the ] to complete his recovery and reintegration.<ref name="BergdahlinUS">{{cite news|title=Pentagon says Bergdahl has arrived in Texas|url=http://www.thesanantonionews.net/index.php/sid/222889431/scat/c08dd24cec417021/ht/Pentagon-says-Bergdahl-has-arrived-in-Texas|access-date=June 13, 2014|publisher=The San Antonio News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232056/http://www.thesanantonionews.net/index.php/sid/222889431/scat/c08dd24cec417021/ht/Pentagon-says-Bergdahl-has-arrived-in-Texas|archive-date=July 1, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The Taliban detainees – known as the "]"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/taliban-five-arrive-qatar-after-swap-deal-20146113536748321.html|title=Taliban five arrive in Qatar after swap deal|accessdate=1 June 2014|publisher=AlJazeera|date=1 June 2014}}</ref> – who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, ], to custody in ], Qatar, are ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Howell|first=Kellan|title=Terror suspects freed by Obama admin. were labeled 'high risk' in 2008: report|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/31/terror-suspects-freed-obama-admin-soldier-were-lab/|accessdate=31 May 2014|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=31 May 2014}}</ref> They were the Taliban army chief of staff, a Taliban deputy minister of intelligence, a former Taliban interior minister, and two other senior Taliban figures.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joscelyn|first=Thomas|title=Five of the Most Dangerous Taliban Commanders in U.S. Custody Exchanged for American Captive|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/five-most-dangerous-taliban-commanders-us-custody-released-pow-exchange_794017.html?page=2|accessdate=1 June 2014|publisher=www.WeeklyStandard.com|date=31 May 2014}}</ref> The Taliban detainees – known as the "]"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/taliban-five-arrive-qatar-after-swap-deal-20146113536748321.html|title=Taliban five arrive in Qatar after swap deal|access-date=June 1, 2014|publisher=AlJazeera|date=June 1, 2014}}</ref> – who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to custody in ], Qatar, are ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Howell|first=Kellan|title=Terror suspects freed by Obama admin. were labeled 'high risk' in 2008: report|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/31/terror-suspects-freed-obama-admin-soldier-were-lab/|access-date=May 31, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=May 31, 2014}}</ref> They were the Taliban army chief of staff, a Taliban deputy minister of intelligence, a former Taliban interior minister, and two other senior Taliban figures.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joscelyn|first=Thomas|title=Five of the Most Dangerous Taliban Commanders in U.S. Custody Exchanged for American Captive|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/five-most-dangerous-taliban-commanders-us-custody-released-pow-exchange_794017.html?page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603074332/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/five-most-dangerous-taliban-commanders-us-custody-released-pow-exchange_794017.html?page=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 3, 2014|access-date=June 1, 2014|publisher=www.WeeklyStandard.com|date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>


Some Republican members of Congress have said that the prisoner swap that led to Bergdahl's release may have been illegal.<ref>{{cite news |author=Mark Sappenfield |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2014/0601/Obama-s-Bowe-Bergdahl-prisoner-swap-Was-it-illegal |title=Obama's Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap: Was it illegal? – |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=1 June 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> The ] (NDAA) mandates that all prisoner transfers from Guantanamo Bay require 30 days' notice to ], which was not done in this case.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bergdahl-release-arrangement-could-threaten-the-safety-of-americans-republicans-say/2014/05/31/35e47a2a-e8ff-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_print.html |title=Bergdahl release arrangement could threaten the safety of Americans, Republicans say |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=31 May 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> When ] ] signed the bill, he released a ] saying that the restriction interfered with the president's ] as ].<ref>, '']'' (January 1, 2013).</ref> The White House released a statement acknowledging that the release of the Guantanamo prisoners did not comply with the NDAA provision, but cited the president's signing statement and "unique and exigent circumstances" as justification.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/gop-lawmakers-say-administration-broke-law-prisoner-swap/ |title=GOP lawmakers say administration broke law with prisoner swap &#124; The Rundown &#124; PBS NewsHour |publisher=Pbs.org |date=20 February 2013 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.morningjournal.com/general-news/20140602/gop-lawmakers-prisoner-exchange-violated-law |title=GOP lawmakers: Prisoner exchange violated law |publisher=Morningjournal.com |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> One year earlier, ] (then-]) had assured the press that the decision to free Bergdahl would be made only after consulting Congress, in accordance with said law.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://freebeacon.com/national-security/flashback-carney-said-no-decision-about-transferring-detainees-for-bergdahl-would-happen-without-consulting-congress/ |title=FLASHBACK: Carney Said No Decision About Transferring Detainees for Bergdahl Would Happen 'Without Consulting Congress' &#124; Washington Free Beacon |publisher=Freebeacon.com |date=21 June 2013 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Some Republican members of Congress have said that the prisoner swap that led to Bergdahl's release may have been illegal.<ref>{{cite news |author=Mark Sappenfield |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2014/0601/Obama-s-Bowe-Bergdahl-prisoner-swap-Was-it-illegal |title=Obama's Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap: Was it illegal? – |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=June 1, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> The ] (NDAA) mandates that all prisoner transfers from Guantanamo Bay require 30 days' notice to Congress, which was not done in this case.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bergdahl-release-arrangement-could-threaten-the-safety-of-americans-republicans-say/2014/05/31/35e47a2a-e8ff-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_print.html |title=Bergdahl release arrangement could threaten the safety of Americans, Republicans say |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 31, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> When President ] signed the bill, he released a ] saying that the restriction interfered with the president's ] as ].<ref>, '']'' (January 1, 2013).</ref>
The White House released a statement acknowledging that the release of the Guantanamo prisoners did not comply with the NDAA provision, but cited the president's signing statement and "unique and exigent circumstances" as justification.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/gop-lawmakers-say-administration-broke-law-prisoner-swap/ |title=GOP lawmakers say administration broke law with prisoner swap &#124; The Rundown &#124; PBS NewsHour |publisher=Pbs.org |date=February 20, 2013 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.morningjournal.com/general-news/20140602/gop-lawmakers-prisoner-exchange-violated-law |title=GOP lawmakers: Prisoner exchange violated law |publisher=Morningjournal.com |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref>


===Release efforts=== ===Release efforts===
For months, U.S. negotiators sought to arrange the transfer of five Taliban detainees held at ] to the ] state of ]. The transfer was intended as one of a series of confidence-building measures designed to open the door to political talks between the Taliban and ] ]'s ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/10/us-usa-afghanistan-prisoner-idUSBRE8481BI20120510|title=Family pleads for U.S. prisoner at heart of Afghan peace push|work=Reuters|first=Missy|last=Ryan|location=Washington, D.C.|date=9 May 2012}}</ref> That move – at the center of U.S. strategy for ending the long, costly conflict in Afghanistan – was supposed to lead directly to Bergdahl's release. The Taliban has consistently called for the United States to release those held at Guantanamo Bay in exchange for freeing Western prisoners. But the Guantanamo transfer proposal ground to a halt when the Taliban rejected U.S. conditions designed to ensure transferred Taliban would not slip away and re-emerge as military leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/world/asia/us-scales-back-plans-for-afghan-peace.html?pagewanted=all|title=U.S. Abandoning Hopes for Taliban Peace Deal|first1=Matthew|last1=Rosenberg|first2=Rod|last2=Nordland|date=1 October 2012|work=]}}</ref> Ultimately, the ] agreed to the prisoner exchange, allowing Bergdahl to be released on May 31, 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/taliban-held-us-soldier-released-in-exchange-for-afghan-detainees/2014/05/31/8b764dac-e8db-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html?algtrack=cfrec-0&tid=btm_rex_1|title=Taliban-held U.S. soldier released in exchange for Afghan detainees|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 May 2014|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> For months, U.S. negotiators sought to arrange the transfer of five Taliban detainees held at ] to the ] state of ]. The transfer was intended as one of a series of confidence-building measures designed to open the door to political talks between the Taliban and ] ]'s ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghanistan-prisoner-idUSBRE8481BI20120510|title=Family pleads for U.S. prisoner at heart of Afghan peace push|work=Reuters|first=Missy|last=Ryan|location=Washington, DC|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163903/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/10/us-usa-afghanistan-prisoner-idUSBRE8481BI20120510|url-status=live}}</ref> That move – at the center of U.S. strategy for ending the long, costly conflict in Afghanistan – was supposed to lead directly to Bergdahl's release. The Taliban has consistently called for the United States to release those held at Guantanamo Bay in exchange for freeing Western prisoners. But the Guantanamo transfer proposal ground to a halt when the Taliban rejected U.S. conditions designed to ensure transferred Taliban would not slip away and re-emerge as military leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/world/asia/us-scales-back-plans-for-afghan-peace.html?pagewanted=all|title=U.S. Abandoning Hopes for Taliban Peace Deal|first1=Matthew|last1=Rosenberg|first2=Rod|last2=Nordland|date=October 1, 2012|work=]}}</ref> Ultimately, the Obama administration agreed to the prisoner exchange, allowing Bergdahl to be released on May 31, 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/taliban-held-us-soldier-released-in-exchange-for-afghan-detainees/2014/05/31/8b764dac-e8db-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html?algtrack=cfrec-0&tid=btm_rex_1|title=Taliban-held U.S. soldier released in exchange for Afghan detainees|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 31, 2014|access-date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>


=== White House Rose Garden Ceremony === ===White House Rose Garden ceremony===
On May 31, 2014, President Obama appeared with Bob and Jani Bergdahl in the ] where he spoke about the prisoner swap that resulted in the recovery of their son.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/video/2014/05/31/president-obama-speaks-recovery-sgt-bowe-bergdahl|title=President Obama Speaks on the Recovery of Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl|work=The White House|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref>


===Return to duty===
On May 31, 2014, President Obama appeared with Bob and Jani Bergdahl in the White House Rose Garden where he delivered a speech about the prisoner swap that resulted in the recovery of their son.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/video/2014/05/31/president-obama-speaks-recovery-sgt-bowe-bergdahl|title=President Obama Speaks on the Recovery of Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl|work=The White House|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref>
On July 13, 2014, it was reported that Bergdahl would return to duty at ] in ]. This was confirmed by Army officials on July 14, with a spokeswoman saying that "He will now return to regular duty within the command where he can contribute to the mission."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/07/14/latest-destination-in-the-wild-ride-of-bowe-bergdahl-active-duty/ | title=Latest destination in the wild ride of Bowe Bergdahl: active-duty unit | newspaper=Washington Post | date=July 14, 2014 | access-date=July 14, 2014 | author=Lamothe, Dan}}</ref> In 2015, he was serving as a clerk; however, the "military taboo surrounding desertion is such that he had to have a security detail to guard him from possible attacks from his fellow soldiers."<ref>{{cite news|author1=K.S.C.|title=Radio: The return of "Serial"|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2015/12/radio|access-date=December 13, 2015|newspaper=]|date=December 10, 2015}}</ref>


===Debate over negotiations===
=== Return to duty ===
], chairman of the ] said he was "extremely troubled" and that "This fundamental shift in U.S. policy signals to terrorists around the world a greater incentive to take U.S. hostages".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2014/05/31/political-divide-dont-negotiate-with-terrorists-vs-leave-no-man-behind/ |title=Political divide: 'Don't negotiate with terrorists' vs. 'Leave no man behind' |work=CNN.com Blogs |access-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-date=June 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604084015/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2014/05/31/political-divide-dont-negotiate-with-terrorists-vs-leave-no-man-behind/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> This sentiment was repeated by Congressmen ] and ], who released a joint statement saying that terrorists now have a "strong incentive" to capture more soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-on-bowe-bergdahl-release-america-shouldnt-negotiate-with-terrorists/ |title=GOP on Bowe Bergdahl release: U.S. shouldn't negotiate with terrorists |publisher=Cbsnews.com |date=June 1, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> ], chairman of the ], said the Bergdahl exchange appeared to violate the United States policy of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo51385|title=The Bergdahl Exchange: Implications for U.S. National Security and the Fight Against Terrorism: June 18, 2014}}</ref> ] asked White House spokesman ] if it can "still be said that the United States does not negotiate with terrorists" to which Carney replied:
<blockquote>It can be{{nbsp}}... because when you put on the uniform of the United States and you go and fight on behalf of your country in a foreign land at war, and you're taken captive by the enemy, the principle that we don't leave our men and women behind doesn't have an asterisk attached to it depending on who's holding you.</blockquote>


Cooper followed up by asking "Even if it was a group like Al Qaeda, there would be negotiations with them?" to which Carney replied: <blockquote>What I'm saying is he was a prisoner in an armed conflict, and we were engaged in an effort for five years to try to recover him. As an admiral said on TV today, he said when one of your shipmates goes overboard, you go get them. You don't ask whether he jumped or he was pushed or he fell. You go get him first and then you find out.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/bestoftv/2014/06/03/ac-carney-on-bergdahl-1.cnn.html |title=Carney: We don't leave people behind – CNN.com Video |publisher=Cnn.com |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref></blockquote>
On July 13, 2014, it was reported that Bergdahl would return to duty at ] in ]. This was confirmed by Army officials on July 14, with a spokeswoman saying that "He will now return to regular duty within the command where he can contribute to the mission."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/07/14/latest-destination-in-the-wild-ride-of-bowe-bergdahl-active-duty/ | title=Latest destination in the wild ride of Bowe Bergdahl: active-duty unit | work=Washington Post | date=14 July 2014 | accessdate=14 July 2014 | author=Lamothe, Dan}}</ref> He is currently serving as a clerk; however, the "military taboo surrounding desertion is such that he has to have a security detail to guard him from possible attacks from his fellow soldiers."<ref>{{cite news|author1=K.S.C.|title=Radio: The return of "Serial"|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2015/12/radio|accessdate=13 December 2015|work=]|date=10 December 2015}}</ref>


] ] said Bergdahl was a "prisoner of war" and that "We didn't negotiate with terrorists".<ref>{{cite news |author=David Sherfinski |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jun/1/hagel-us-didnt-negotiate-terrorists-securing-bergd/ |title=Hagel: U.S. didn't negotiate with terrorists in securing Bergdahl's release |work=The Washington Times |date=June 1, 2014 |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> '']'' magazine published an article stating that the Taliban are: <blockquote>ot really a 'terrorist' enemy as we commonly understand the word. The group is not on the State Department's official list of terrorist organizations and has long been a battlefield enemy in the ground war for control of Afghanistan. It is not plotting to, say, hijack American airplanes—even if it does have sympathies with people who are. Ditto the Taliban leaders released over the weekend.</blockquote>
===Debate over negotiations===
], chairman of the ] said he was "extremely troubled" and that "This fundamental shift in U.S. policy signals to terrorists around the world a greater incentive to take U.S. hostages".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2014/05/31/political-divide-dont-negotiate-with-terrorists-vs-leave-no-man-behind/ |title=Political divide: ‘Don’t negotiate with terrorists’ vs. ‘Leave no man behind’ |publisher=CNN Political Ticker – CNN.com Blogs |deadurl=no |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> This sentiment was repeated by Congressmen ] and ], who released a joint statement saying that terrorists now have a "strong incentive" to capture more soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-on-bowe-bergdahl-release-america-shouldnt-negotiate-with-terrorists/ |title=GOP on Bowe Bergdahl release: U.S. shouldn't negotiate with terrorists – CBS News |publisher=Cbsnews.com |date=1 June 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> ], chairman of the ], stated that the Bergdahl exchange appeared to violate the United States policy of not negotiating with terrorists.<ref></ref> ] asked White House spokesman ] if it can "still be said that the United States does not negotiate with terrorists" to which Carney replied:
<blockquote>It can be ... because when you put on the uniform of the United States and you go and fight on behalf of your country in a foreign land at war, and you’re taken captive by the enemy, the principle that we don’t leave our men and women behind doesn’t have an asterisk attached to it depending on who’s holding you.</blockquote>


Cooper followed up by asking "Even if it was a group like Al Qaeda, there would be negotiations with them?" to which Carney replied: <blockquote>What I’m saying is he was a prisoner in an armed conflict, and we were engaged in an effort for five years to try to recover him. As an admiral said on TV today, he said when one of your shipmates goes overboard, you go get them. You don’t ask whether he jumped or he was pushed or he fell. You go get him first and then you find out.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/bestoftv/2014/06/03/ac-carney-on-bergdahl-1.cnn.html |title=Carney: We don't leave people behind CNN.com Video |publisher=Cnn.com |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref></blockquote> ''Time'' pointed out that the United States and other countries have "negotiated with terrorists" multiple times in previous years.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Michael Crowley |url=https://time.com/2809612/bowe-bergdahl-obama-taliban/ |title=Bowe Bergdahl: Obama Didn't Negotiate With Taliban Terrorists |magazine=Time |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> In February 2014, ] published an article discussing the possibility of releasing Bergdahl in exchange for the five Taliban, and concluded that "discussions about the release of Bergdahl with the Afghan Taliban are not directly with a terrorist organization per se, but instead with an insurgent group that has a terrorist wing".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/19/opinion/bergen-taliban-bergdahl/index.html |title=Opinion: Will the U.S. negotiate with terrorists? – |publisher=Cnn.com |access-date=June 5, 2014}}</ref>


In August 2014, the ] published a report stating that the Pentagon broke the law when conducting the prisoner exchange because it failed to notify U.S. Congress in advance, as required by the law.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cassata |first=Donna |date=August 22, 2014 |title=GAO: Pentagon Broke The Law In Bergdahl Swap |url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/goa-pentagon-broke-law-bergdahl |newspaper=Talking Points Memo |agency=Associated Press |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pentagon broke law with Bergdahl prisoner swap, government watchdog says |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pentagon-broke-law-with-bergdahl-prisoner-swap-government-watchdog-says/ |newspaper=Fox News |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=John |date=August 21, 2014 |title=Guantanamo prisoner transfer for Bowe Bergdahl violated laws, review finds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/wp/2014/08/21/gao-pentagon-broke-law-with-guantanamo-transfer-for-bowe-bergdahl/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref>
] ] said Bergdahl was a "prisoner of war" and that "We didn't negotiate with terrorists".<ref>{{cite news |author=David Sherfinski |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jun/1/hagel-us-didnt-negotiate-terrorists-securing-bergd/ |title=Hagel: U.S. didn’t negotiate with terrorists in securing Bergdahl’s release |work=The Washington Times |date=1 June 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> '']'' magazine published an article stating that the Taliban are: <blockquote>ot really a 'terrorist' enemy as we commonly understand the word. The group is not on the State Department’s official list of terrorist organizations and has long been a battlefield enemy in the ground war for control of Afghanistan. It is not plotting to, say, hijack American airplanes—even if it does have sympathies with people who are. Ditto the Taliban leaders released over the weekend.</blockquote>


] ] appeared on ABC News' ''This Week'' on June 1, 2014, several days after the exchange, saying Bergdahl "served the United States with honor and distinction."<ref>{{cite news |title='This Week' Transcript: Ambassador Susan Rice and Sen. Ted Cruz |url=https://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/week-transcript-ambassador-susan-rice-sen-ted-cruz/story?id=23942676 |access-date=September 13, 2018 |work=ABC News |date=6 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref> Following the announcement that Bergdahl was formally charged with desertion and misbehavior before the enemy, much debate regarding the administration's handling of the negotiations resumed, centered on Rice's comment and then-State Department spokeswoman ]'s statement in late March 2015 that the swap was "absolutely" worth it.<ref>{{cite web |author=Schindler, John R. |url= http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0329-schindler-bergdahl-20150329-story.html |title= Op-Ed: How the White House bungled the Bowe Bergdahl case |newspaper= Los Angeles Times |date=March 27, 2015| access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Wong, Kristina |url= https://thehill.com/policy/defense/237281-gop-puts-bergdahl-swap-on-trial/ |title= GOP puts Bergdahl swap on trial |newspaper= The Hill |date=March 28, 2015| access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Kamisar, Ben |url= https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/236994-state-department-aide-bergdahl-swap-worth-it/ |title= State: Bergdahl swap was 'worth it'|newspaper= The Hill |date=March 25, 2015| access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref>
''Time'' pointed out that the United States and other countries have "negotiated with terrorists" multiple times in previous years.<ref>{{cite news |author=Michael Crowley |url=http://time.com/2809612/bowe-bergdahl-obama-taliban/ |title=Bowe Bergdahl: Obama Didn’t Negotiate With Taliban Terrorists |work=Time |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> In February 2014, ] published an article discussing the possibility of releasing Bergdahl in exchange for the five Taliban, and concluded that "discussions about the release of Bergdahl with the Afghan Taliban are not directly with a terrorist organization per se, but instead with an insurgent group that has a terrorist wing".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/19/opinion/bergen-taliban-bergdahl/index.html |title=Opinion: Will the U.S. negotiate with terrorists? – |publisher=Cnn.com |date= |accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> In August 2014, the ] published a report stating that the Pentagon broke the law when conducting the prisoner exchange because it failed to notify U.S. Congress in advance, as required by the law.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cassata |first=Donna |date=22 August 2014 |title=GAO: Pentagon Broke The Law In Bergdahl Swap |url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/goa-pentagon-broke-law-bergdahl |newspaper=Talking Points Memo |agency=Associated Press |publisher= |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}<br/>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pentagon broke law with Bergdahl prisoner swap, government watchdog says |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/08/22/pentagon-violated-law-with-bergdahl-prisoner-swap-government-watchdog-says/ |newspaper=Fox News |date=22 August 2014 |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=John |date=21 August 2014 |title=Guantanamo prisoner transfer for Bowe Bergdahl violated laws, review finds |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/wp/2014/08/21/gao-pentagon-broke-law-with-guantanamo-transfer-for-bowe-bergdahl/ |newspaper=Washington Post |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref>


In September 2014, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 249 to 163 (with 22 Democrats joining the Republican majority) to pass a ] condemning President Obama for failing to give Congress thirty days' notice before exchanging Bergdahl.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zengerle|first1=Patricia|title=U.S. House formally condemns Obama for Guantanamo prisoner swap|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-congress-guantanamo-idUSKBN0H42KO20140910|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=September 10, 2014|date=September 10, 2014 |archive-date=September 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910164723/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/10/us-usa-congress-guantanamo-idUSKBN0H42KO20140910|url-status=live}}</ref>
] ] appeared on ABC News' ] on June 1, 2014, several days after the exchange, saying Bergdahl "served the United States with honor and distinction."<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdGe0uP7W-c|title=Susan Rice: Bergdahl Served With 'Honor and Distinction'|date=June 2, 2014|work=YouTube}}</ref> Following the announcement that Bergdahl was formally charged with ] and misbehavior before the enemy, much debate regarding the administration's handling of the negotiations resumed, centered on Rice's comment and then-] ]'s statement in late March 2015 that the swap was "absolutely" worth it.<ref>{{cite web |author=Schindler, John R. |url= http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0329-schindler-bergdahl-20150329-story.html |title= Op-Ed: How the White House bungled the Bowe Bergdahl case |newspaper= Los Angeles Times |date=27 March 2015| accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Wong, Kristina |url= http://thehill.com/policy/defense/237281-gop-puts-bergdahl-swap-on-trial |title= GOP puts Bergdahl swap on trial |newspaper= The Hill |date=28 March 2015| accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Kamisar, Ben |url= http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/236994-state-department-aide-bergdahl-swap-worth-it |title= State: Bergdahl swap was 'worth it'|newspaper= The Hill |date=25 March 2015| accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref>


== Court-martial, conviction, and vacation of conviction ==
In September 2014, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 249 to 163 (with 22 Democrats joining the Republican majority) to pass a ] condemning President Obama for failing to give Congress thirty days' notice before exchanging Bergdahl.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zengerle| first1=Patricia| title=U.S. House formally condemns Obama for Guantanamo prisoner swap|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/10/us-usa-congress-guantanamo-idUSKBN0H42KO20140910|website=Reuters|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref>


=== Investigation, court-martial, and conviction ===
==Military investigation and charges==
On June 16, 2014, the U.S. Army said that it had begun investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding the disappearance and capture of Bergdahl in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/16/bowe-bergdahl-investigation_n_5499984.html|title=Army Begins Probe Of Bowe Bergdahl's 2009 Disappearance|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> On June 25, 2014, the U.S. Army stated that there is "no evidence" that Bergdahl "engaged in any misconduct" during his years in captivity.<ref name="wask140625">{{cite news |first=Dion |last=Nissenbaum |newspaper=] |title=No Evidence of Misconduct by Bergdahl While Captive, Army Says |url=http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/no-evidence-of-misconduct-by-bergdahl-while-captive-army-says-1403719847-lMyQjAxMTA0MDIwNjEyNDYyWj |date=June 25, 2014 |accessdate=July 15, 2014}}<br/>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=Todd |date=25 June 2014 |title=Official: Initial Bergdahl Investigation Was Inconclusive |url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=122551 |newspaper=Army News Service |publisher=United States Department of Defense |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref> The 2010 Pentagon investigation referred to above dealt with events leading up to his capture. In July 2014, Bergdahl was returned to active duty.<ref name="huffpo140714">{{cite news |agency=] |work=] |title=Bowe Bergdahl Set To Return To U.S. Army Active Duty: Reports |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/14/bowe-bergdahl-army_n_5583975.html?utm_hp_ref=bowe-bergdahl |date=July 14, 2014 |accessdate=July 15, 2014}}</ref>


On June 16, 2014, the U.S. Army said that it had begun investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding the disappearance and capture of Bergdahl in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/16/bowe-bergdahl-investigation_n_5499984.html|title=Army Begins Probe Of Bowe Bergdahl's 2009 Disappearance|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref>
In August 2014, it was announced that an investigation headed by ] Kenneth Dahl would be conducted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ybarra |first=Maggie |date=19 August 2014 |title=Army extends investigation into Bergdahl case |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/19/army-extends-probe-bergdahl/ |newspaper=Washington Times |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}<br/>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Investigation into Bergdahl disappearance extended |url=http://www.ksat.com/content/pns/ksat/news/2014/08/16/investigation-into-bergdahl-disappearance-extended.html |newspaper=KSAT |publisher=Graham Holdings |date=16 August 2014 |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Kristina |date=17 August 2014 |title=Army extends Bergdahl probe |url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/215347-army-extends-bergdahl-probe |newspaper=The Hill |publisher=News Communications, Inc. |accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref> During the course of Dahl's inquiry, Bergdahl told investigators that he left his position in June 2009 to report on "misconduct in his unit" and that he had intended to return quickly.<ref name=BV20150327>{{cite web|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Bergdahl's Defense Is He Was Planning to Come Back|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/bergdahl-lawyer-says-he-was-awol-not-a-deserter|website=Bloomberg View|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref> During a 59-day investigation, Dahl interviewed 57 witnesses, including Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel">Robert A. Oppel Jr., (September 18, 2015).</ref><ref name="EllisKarimiLett">Ralph Ellis, Faith Karimi & Chris Lett, , CNN (September 21, 2015).</ref>


On June 25, 2014, the U.S. Army stated that there is "no evidence" that Bergdahl "engaged in any misconduct" during his years in captivity.<ref name="wask140625">{{cite news |first=Dion |last=Nissenbaum |newspaper=] |title=No Evidence of Misconduct by Bergdahl While Captive, Army Says |url=https://www.wsj.com/news/article_email/no-evidence-of-misconduct-by-bergdahl-while-captive-army-says-1403719847-lMyQjAxMTA0MDIwNjEyNDYyWj |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=July 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223004503/http://www.wsj.com/news/article_email/no-evidence-of-misconduct-by-bergdahl-while-captive-army-says-1403719847-lMyQjAxMTA0MDIwNjEyNDYyWj |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |url-status=dead }}<br />{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=Todd |date=June 25, 2014 |title=Official: Initial Bergdahl Investigation Was Inconclusive |url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=122551 |newspaper=Army News Service |publisher=United States Department of Defense |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref> The 2010 Pentagon investigation referred to above dealt with events leading up to his capture. In July 2014, Bergdahl was returned to active duty.<ref name="huffpo140714">{{cite news |agency=] |work=] |title=Bowe Bergdahl Set To Return To U.S. Army Active Duty |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/14/bowe-bergdahl-army_n_5583975.html |date=July 14, 2014 |access-date=July 15, 2014}}</ref>
According to Bergdahl's lawyer, ], Bergdahl told him that he "had concerns about certain conditions in the unit and things that happened in the unit and he figured that the only way to get any attention to them would be to get that information to a general officer."<ref name=BV20150327/> Fidell opined that Bergdahl was actually ] when he was captured, rather than a deserter.<ref name=BV20150327 />


In August 2014, it was announced that an investigation headed by ] Kenneth Dahl would be conducted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ybarra |first=Maggie |date=August 19, 2014 |title=Army extends investigation into Bergdahl case |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/19/army-extends-probe-bergdahl/ |newspaper=Washington Times |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}<br />{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Investigation into Bergdahl disappearance extended |url=http://www.ksat.com/content/pns/ksat/news/2014/08/16/investigation-into-bergdahl-disappearance-extended.html |newspaper=KSAT |publisher=Graham Holdings |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120733/http://www.ksat.com/content/pns/ksat/news/2014/08/16/investigation-into-bergdahl-disappearance-extended.html |archive-date=August 26, 2014 }}<br />{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Kristina |date=August 17, 2014 |title=Army extends Bergdahl probe |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/215347-army-extends-bergdahl-probe/ |newspaper=The Hill |publisher=News Communications, Inc. |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref> During the course of Dahl's inquiry, Bergdahl told investigators that he left his position in June 2009 to report on "misconduct in his unit" and that he had intended to return quickly.<ref name=BV20150327>{{cite news|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Bergdahl's Defense Is He Was Planning to Come Back|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/bergdahl-lawyer-says-he-was-awol-not-a-deserter|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=March 27, 2015|archive-date=March 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327132314/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/bergdahl-lawyer-says-he-was-awol-not-a-deserter|url-status=dead}}</ref> During a 59-day investigation, Dahl interviewed 57 witnesses, including Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel">Robert A. Oppel Jr., (September 18, 2015).</ref><ref name="EllisKarimiLett">Ralph Ellis, Faith Karimi & Chris Lett, "", CNN (September 21, 2015).</ref>
In December 2014, the Army referred Bergdahl's case to a four-star general for a possible ].<ref>Dion Nissenbaum. , ''The Wall Street Journal'', December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</ref> On March 25, 2015, the Army announced that Bergdahl had been charged with two counts under the ]: one count of “desertion with intent to shirk important or hazardous duty" and one count of "misbehavior before the enemy by endangering the safety of a command, unit or place."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/bowe-bergdahl-charged-desertion-lawyer/story?id=29901602|title=Bowe Bergdahl Charged With Desertion, Could Face Life|author=ABC News|work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/25/politics/bowe-bergdahl-charges-decision/index.html | title=Military charges Bergdahl with desertion | work=CNN | date=25 March 2015 | accessdate=25 March 2015 | author=Bradner, Eric}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/03/25/bergdahl-to-be-charged-with-desertion-official-says/|title=Bergdahl charged with desertion|work=Fox News|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref>


According to his lawyer, ], Bergdahl told him that he "had concerns about certain conditions in the unit and things that happened in the unit and he figured that the only way to get any attention to them would be to get that information to a general officer."<ref name=BV20150327/> Fidell opined that Bergdahl was actually ] when he was captured, rather than a deserter.<ref name=BV20150327 />
According to documents released by his defense team, Bergdahl was diagnosed with ] following an Army Sanity Board evaluation. A July 27, 2015 memorandum from the sanity board stated "Though Sgt. Bergdahl did have a severe mental disease or defect at the time of the alleged criminal conduct, he was able to appreciate the nature and quality and wrongfulness of this conduct."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/bowe-bergdahl-documents-released/ | title=Bowe Bergdahl diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder | work=CNN | date=17 March 2016 | accessdate=12 January 2017 | author=Joshua Berlinger and Ralph Ellis}}</ref>


In December 2014, the Army referred Bergdahl's case to a four-star general for a possible court-martial.<ref>Dion Nissenbaum. , ''The Wall Street Journal'', December 22, 2014.</ref> On March 25, 2015, the Army announced that Bergdahl had been charged with two counts under the ]: one count of "desertion with intent to shirk important or hazardous duty" and one count of "misbehavior before the enemy by endangering the safety of a command, unit or place"; the second more serious misbehavior charge can be charged with a life sentence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/bowe-bergdahl-charged-desertion-lawyer/story?id=29901602|title=Bowe Bergdahl Charged With Desertion, Could Face Life|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|date=March 26, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/25/politics/bowe-bergdahl-charges-decision/index.html | title=Military charges Bergdahl with desertion | work=CNN | date=March 25, 2015 | access-date=March 25, 2015 | author=Bradner, Eric}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/03/25/bergdahl-to-be-charged-with-desertion-official-says/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150404130521/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/03/25/bergdahl-to-be-charged-with-desertion-official-says/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 4, 2015|title=Bergdahl charged with desertion|work=Fox News|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref>
In September 2015, following earlier postponements,<ref>Dan Lamothe, , ''Washington Post'' (June 4, 2015).</ref> an ] (similar to a ] in the civilian system<ref>Samantha Wright, , Boise State Public Radio (September 16, 2015).</ref>) was held at ].<ref name="CalamurArticle32">Krishnadev Calamur, , ''The Atlantic'' (September 17, 2015).</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanchez|first1=Stephen M.|title=Hearing Set For July 8 in Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl Desertion Case|url=http://www.satxdailynews.com/local-news/hearing-set-for-july-8-in-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-desertion-case/|website=San Antonio Daily News|accessdate=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Transcript released of Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl Article 32 hearing|url = http://www.ksat.com/news/transcript-released-of-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-article-32-hearing|accessdate = October 2, 2015|first = Myra|last = Arthur|date = October 1, 2015}}</ref> At the hearing, Dahl testified that he found no evidence suggesting that Bergdahl was "sympathetic to the Taliban" or intended to desert.<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/> Dahl also testified that Bergdahl had "idealistic and unrealistic expectations" of people,<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/> identifying with ]'s character of ].<ref name="Oppel"/> Dahl testified that he had found no evidence that any soldiers had been killed while specifically engaged in the effort to retrieve Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel"/> Dahl also testified that imprisonment would be an "inappropriate" penalty for Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/>


According to documents released by his defense team, Bergdahl was diagnosed with ] following an Army Sanity Board evaluation. On July 27, 2015, a memorandum from the sanity board stated "Though Sgt. Bergdahl did have a severe mental disease or defect at the time of the alleged criminal conduct, he was able to appreciate the nature and quality and wrongfulness of this conduct."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/bowe-bergdahl-documents-released/ | title=Bowe Bergdahl diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder | work=CNN | date=March 17, 2016 | access-date=January 12, 2017 | author=Joshua Berlinger and Ralph Ellis}}</ref>
Lieutenant Colonel Mark A. Visger presided over the hearing and made a recommendation on whether Bergdahl should be court-martialed.<ref name="CalamurArticle32"/> On October 2015, Visger "recommended that the charges be referred to a ] and that a punitive discharge and confinement would be inappropriate given all the circumstances." (A special court-martial is a lower-level court-martial handling cases that would be a ] in the civil system (carrying penalties of no more than one year in prison), in contrast to a general court-martial, a higher-level court-martial handling cases that would be ] in the civil system (carrying higher penalties).<ref name="Martinez">Luis Martinez, , ABC News (October 10, 2015).</ref>) Visger's recommendation was reviewed by General ], the commander of ] at ], the "convening authority" in Bergdahl's case.<ref name="Martinez"/><ref>Wade Goodwyn, , ''All Things Considered'', NPR (September 19, 2015).</ref> In December 2015, Abrams rejected the recommendation and ordered that Bergdahl face a ] on the two charges, which could impose up to a life sentence.<ref name="referred-court-martial-abc">{{cite news|last1=Martinez|first1=Luis|title=Bowe Bergdahl to Face General Court Martial|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/bowe-bergdahl-face-general-court-martial/story?id=35761933|accessdate=14 December 2015|publisher=]|date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Bowe Bergdahl to Face Court-Martial on Desertion Charges|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/15/us/bowe-bergdahl-to-face-court-martial-on-desertion-charges.html?_r=0|accessdate = December 14, 2015|first = Richard|last = Oppel, Jr. |publisher = ''The New York Times''|month = |publication-date = December 14, 2015}}</ref> His trial is set for February 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/bowe-bergdahl-s-fate-will-be-decided-under-newly-elected-president-1.11829899|title=Opinion: Who will decide Bowe Bergdahl’s fate|work=newsday.com|accessdate=16 January 2017}}</ref> Regarding these charges, Bergdahl has sought a pardon from President Obama,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tucker|first1=Eric|title=Bergdahl Seeks Pardon From Obama To Avert Desertion Trial|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/bergdahl-seeks-pardon-obama-avert-desertion-trial-43948090|accessdate=5 December 2016|publisher=]|date=3 December 2016}}</ref>which was not granted.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lamothe|first1=Dan|title=Obama opted not to act on presidential pardon request in Bowe Bergdahl’s desertion case|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/01/20/obama-denied-a-presidential-pardon-in-bowe-bergdahls-desertion-case-lawyer-says/|website=The Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref>


In September 2015, following earlier postponements,<ref>Dan Lamothe, , ''The Washington Post'' (June 4, 2015).</ref> an ] (similar to a ] in the civilian system)<ref>Samantha Wright, , Boise State Public Radio (September 16, 2015).</ref> was held at ].<ref name="CalamurArticle32">Krishnadev Calamur, , ''The Atlantic'' (September 17, 2015).</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanchez|first1=Stephen M.|title=Hearing Set For July 8 in Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl Desertion Case|url=http://www.satxdailynews.com/local-news/hearing-set-for-july-8-in-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-desertion-case/|website=San Antonio Daily News|access-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404161112/http://www.satxdailynews.com/local-news/hearing-set-for-july-8-in-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-desertion-case/|archive-date=April 4, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Transcript released of Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl Article 32 hearing|url = http://www.ksat.com/news/transcript-released-of-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-article-32-hearing|access-date = October 2, 2015|first = Myra|last = Arthur|date = October 1, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002213152/http://www.ksat.com/news/transcript-released-of-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-article-32-hearing|archive-date = October 2, 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> At the hearing, Dahl testified that he found no evidence suggesting that Bergdahl was "sympathetic to the Taliban" or intended to desert.<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/> Dahl also testified that Bergdahl had "idealistic and unrealistic expectations" of people,<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/> identifying with ]'s character of ].<ref name="Oppel"/> Dahl testified that he had found no evidence that any soldiers had been killed while specifically engaged in the effort to retrieve Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel"/> Dahl also testified that imprisonment would be an "inappropriate" penalty for Bergdahl.<ref name="Oppel"/><ref name="EllisKarimiLett"/>
On the day when Mr. Trump was sworn in as president, Bergdahl’s lawyer sought to use the president’s words and actions to end the prosecution of his client.


Lieutenant Colonel Mark Visger presided over the hearing and made a recommendation on whether Bergdahl should be court-martialed.<ref name="CalamurArticle32"/> In October 2015, Visger "recommended that the charges be referred to a ] and that a punitive discharge and confinement would be inappropriate given all the circumstances." Visger's recommendation was reviewed by General ], the commander of ] at ], the "]" in Bergdahl's case.<ref name="Martinez">Luis Martinez, , ABC News (October 10, 2015).</ref><ref>], , ''All Things Considered'', NPR (September 19, 2015).</ref>
The lawyer asked a military court to dismiss the desertion and endangerment charges against Sergeant Bergdahl, saying it was now impossible for him to get a fair trial.
The lawyer contends that the effect of Mr. Trump’s statements violates a prohibition on ], a rule that is a bedrock of ].<ref name="traitor" />


In December 2015, Abrams rejected the recommendation and ordered that Bergdahl face a ] on the two charges.<ref name="referred-court-martial-abc">{{cite news|last1=Martinez|first1=Luis|title=Bowe Bergdahl to Face General Court Martial|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/bowe-bergdahl-face-general-court-martial/story?id=35761933|access-date=December 14, 2015|work=]|date=December 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Bowe Bergdahl to Face Court-Martial on Desertion Charges|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/15/us/bowe-bergdahl-to-face-court-martial-on-desertion-charges.html|access-date = December 14, 2015| first=Richard Jr. | last=Oppel |work = The New York Times|date = December 14, 2015}}</ref> His trial was first set for February 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/bowe-bergdahl-s-fate-will-be-decided-under-newly-elected-president-1.11829899|title=Opinion: Who will decide Bowe Bergdahl's fate|work=newsday.com|date=May 23, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> Regarding these charges, Bergdahl had sought a pardon from President Obama,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tucker|first1=Eric|title=Bergdahl Seeks Pardon From Obama To Avert Desertion Trial|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/bergdahl-seeks-pardon-obama-avert-desertion-trial-43948090|access-date=December 5, 2016|work=]|date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204172720/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/bergdahl-seeks-pardon-obama-avert-desertion-trial-43948090|archive-date=December 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> which was not granted.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lamothe|first1=Dan|title=Obama opted not to act on presidential pardon request in Bowe Bergdahl's desertion case|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/01/20/obama-denied-a-presidential-pardon-in-bowe-bergdahls-desertion-case-lawyer-says/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref>
== See also ==

{{Portal|War|Biography|United States Army}}
In 2016, Bergdahl's case was the focus of Season{{nbsp}}2 of the podcast ].<ref name="Serial: Season Two">{{cite web|url=https://serialpodcast.org|title=Serial: Season Two|website=Serial|access-date=May 27, 2016}}</ref>
* ], an Israeli prisoner of war released in a 2011 exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.

{{clear}}
On President ]'s ], Bergdahl's lawyers sought to use the president's words to end the prosecution. Specifically, Trump had denounced Bergdahl during the presidential campaign as a "dirty rotten traitor". The defense attorneys filed a motion to dismiss the desertion and endangerment charges against Bergdahl, saying it was now impossible for him to get a fair trial. They contended that the effect of President Trump's statements violates a prohibition on ], a legal concept in ].<ref name="traitor">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/bergdahl-called-dirty-rotten-traitor-by-trump-seeks-end-to-charges.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=span-abc-region&region=span-abc-region&WT.nav=span-abc-region&_r=0 |title=Bergdahl, Called 'Dirty Rotten Traitor' by Trump, Seeks End to Charges |work=The New York Times |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>

Colonel Jeffery Nance, the ] presiding over the case,<ref name="Reuters20230725">{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Phil |title=Bowe Bergdahl's court-martial conviction voided by U.S. judge |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bowe-bergdahls-court-martial-conviction-voided-by-us-judge-2023-07-26/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20July%2025%20(Reuters),five%20years%20as%20their%20prisoner. |access-date=25 July 2023 |work=Reuters |date=25 July 2023}}</ref> declined to dismiss the case in February 2017; Bergdahl's appeal was denied by the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals in March. His defense team then filed a third motion, again asking to dismiss the case over the comments from Trump.<ref>{{cite news|title = Bergdahl Trial Delayed as His Lawyers Appeal Over Trump Comments|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/03/24/bergdahl-trial-delayed-as-his-lawyers-appeal-over-trump-comments.html|access-date=March 27, 2017|work=Stars and Stripes|date=March 24, 2017|last1=Dickstein|first1=Corey}}</ref> Bergdahl returned to court for a pre-trial hearing on May 5, 2017, where the judge said he intended to start jury selection on October 16, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/05/05/us/ap-us-bergdahl.html|title=Bowe Bergdahl Scheduled for Trial in October|author=Staff Writer |date=May 5, 2017|agency=Associated Press|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

On August 21, it was announced that Bergdahl had rejected a trial by jury and chose instead a trial by military judge Colonel Nance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/08/21/bergdahl-chooses-have-trial-heard-judge-and-not-jury/3OKHgMhdGKW6Et3zo2uXzO/story.html|title=Bergdahl chooses to have trial heard by judge and not jury|publisher=The Boston Globe|access-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201455/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/08/21/bergdahl-chooses-have-trial-heard-judge-and-not-jury/3OKHgMhdGKW6Et3zo2uXzO/story.html|archive-date=October 12, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> On October 16, 2017, Bergdahl, via his attorney, pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy.<ref name="cnnoct16">{{cite news|title=Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl pleads guilty to desertion|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/16/politics/bowe-bergdahl-guilty-plea/index.html|access-date=October 16, 2017|publisher=CNN}}</ref> His sentencing hearing was slated to take place on October 23.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/10/16/army-sgt-bowe-bergdahl-held-captive-for-five-years-pleads-guilty-in-connection-with-disappearance/|title=Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl, held captive for five years, pleads guilty in connection with disappearance|first=Dan|last=Lamothe|date=October 16, 2017|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>

On October 23, Nance heard arguments to renew a motion to dismiss the court-martial, citing recent comments by President Trump on October 16. President Trump said that he couldn't comment on the case, and added, "but I think people have heard my comments in the past." Prosecutors claimed that Trump was merely trying to distance himself from his previous remarks about Bergdahl.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/bowe-bergdahl-s-sentencing-delayed-over-trump-s-comments-n813251|title=Bowe Bergdahl's Sentencing Delayed Over Trump's Comments|work=]|date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> Sentencing testimony began on October 25.

On November 3, 2017, Nance accepted Bergdahl's guilty plea and sentenced him to be ], reduced in rank, and fined $1,000 per month from his pay for ten months, with no prison time. The fine and reduction in rank were to take effect immediately, while the discharge was stayed pending automatic appeal.<ref name="CNN-dishonor">{{cite news|author=Dakin Andone, Holly Yan and Nick Valencia|title=Bowe Bergdahl receives dishonorable discharge, avoids jail time|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/03/politics/bowe-bergdahl-sentenced/index.html|access-date=November 3, 2017|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lacour|first1=Greb|title=U.S. Army's Bergdahl spared prison for deserting in Afghanistan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-defense-bergdahl/u-s-armys-bergdahl-spared-prison-for-deserting-in-afghanistan-idUSKBN1D30VT|work=Reuters|access-date=November 3, 2017}}</ref> The judge did not give his reasons for the sentence, which was later reviewed by General ]. As the final sentence included a punitive (dishonorable) discharge, it was reviewed by the ].<ref name="NYT-sentence">{{cite news |last=Oppel Jr. |first=Richard A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/us/bowe-bergdahl-sentence.html |title=Bowe Bergdahl Gets Dishonorable Discharge; Trump Criticizes Sentence |work=] |date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=November 3, 2017 }}</ref>

After the sentencing, President Trump tweeted "The decision on Sergeant Bergdahl is a complete and total disgrace to our Country and to our Military."<ref name="Diaz20171103">{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Daniella|title=Trump slams Bergdahl decision: 'Complete and total disgrace'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/03/politics/donald-trump-bowe-bergdahl-twitter/index.html|access-date=November 3, 2017|publisher=CNN|date=November 3, 2017}}</ref> In June 2018, General Abrams approved the sentence.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baldor |first=Lolita C. |agency=The Associated Press |date=June 5, 2018 |title=US Army commander approves Bowe Bergdahl sentence, no prison time |url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2018/06/05/us-army-commander-approves-bergdahl-sentence-no-prison-time/ |work= Army Times |access-date=July 26, 2018 }}</ref>

On August 28, 2020, his sentence was approved by the ].<ref name=CAAFupholds />

=== Vacatur of conviction ===

In February 2021, Bergdahl filed a petition in the ] to have the conviction and sentence expunged.<ref name=MC20210219>{{cite news |last1=Kime |first1=Patricia |title=Bowe Bergdahl Petitions Federal Court to Have His Case Expunged |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/02/19/bowe-bergdahl-petitions-federal-court-have-his-case-expunged.html |access-date=July 9, 2021 |work=Military.com |publisher=Military Advantage |date=February 19, 2021}}</ref> On August 2, 2021, the Justice Department filed a motion to dismiss Bergdahl's petition.<ref name=MC20210819>{{cite news |last1=Kime |first1=Patricia |title=Justice Department Moves to Dismiss Bowe Bergdahl's Case to Overturn His Conviction |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/08/19/justice-department-moves-dismiss-bowe-bergdahls-case-overturn-his-conviction.html |access-date=September 1, 2021 |work=Military.com |date= August 19, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Sometime later in 2021, Bergdahl was discharged from the Army.<ref name="Dickstein2023" /><!-- The citation quotes a court filing from 22 September 2023 stating that Bergdahl at that time had been a citizen for 2 years. -->

In March 2023 Bergdahl received a partial win in the U.S. District Court case. Senior Judge ] partially granted the government's motion to dismiss the case, but he rejected claims that comments from President Trump and Senator John McCain had influenced the military court-martial.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perez |first1=Zamone |title=Bowie Bergdahl gets partial victory in civilian court ruling |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2023/04/12/bowe-bergdahl-gets-partial-victory-in-civilian-court-ruling/ |work=MilitaryTimes.com |publisher=Sightline Media |date= April 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kime |first1=Patricia |title=Judge Grants Bergdahl Partial Win in Case Seeking to Conviction, Sentence |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2023/04/11/judge-grants-bowe-bergdahl-partial-win-case-seeking-erase-conviction-sentence.html |work=Military.com |date=April 11, 2023}}</ref>

On July 25, 2023, Judge Walton vacated the conviction. The ruling stated that Nance failing to disclose his application for a position at the Justice Department "could create the appearance of potential bias".<ref name="Reuters20230725"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/25/us/politics/bowe-bergdahl-conviction-overturned.html |title=Judge Vacates Bowe Bergdahl's Conviction and Dishonorable Discharge |work=] |date=July 25, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023}}</ref>

On May 29, 2024, the Justice Department appealed Judge Walton’s decision to vacate the conviction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kime |first=Patricia |date=2024-06-06 |title=US Appeals Court to Reconsider Dismissal of Former Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl's Conviction |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/06/06/federal-government-appeals-lower-courts-decision-dismiss-bowe-bergdahls-conviction.html |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Military.com |language=en}}</ref> The case is currently at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.

==Military awards==
As an infantryman who had engaged in combat with the enemy prior to his capture, Bergdahl was awarded the ] and a total of 10 ]s for the five years he spent in the combat zone in Afghanistan.

His awards and service ribbons include the ], ], ], ], ], and the ].

In January 2016, his military lawyer requested the Army award Bergdahl the ] and the ] on the grounds that withholding the medals might prejudice and "cast a semblance of guilt" on Bergdahl as he awaited trial.<ref name="MT20160112">{{cite news|last1=Dickstein|first1=Cory|title=Lawyer: Bergdahl Should Be Awarded POW Medal, Purple Heart|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/01/12/lawyer-bergdahl-should-be-awarded-pow-medal-purple-heart.html|access-date=November 4, 2017|publisher=Military.com|date=January 12, 2016}}</ref>

After sentencing on November 3, 2017, his civilian attorney indicated that the defense team would still seek to have the Prisoner of War Medal issued to Bergdahl for the five years he spent in captivity.<ref name="MT20171103">{{cite news|last1=Sisk|first1=Richard|title=Bergdahl's Attorney Wants Him to Receive POW Medal|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/11/03/bergdahls-attorney-wants-him-receive-pow-medal.html|access-date=November 3, 2017|publisher=Military.com|date=November 3, 2017}}</ref>

{|
|] ]
|-
|] ] (2 awards)
|-
|] ]
|-
|] ]
|-
|] ]
|-
|] ]
|-
|] ]
|-
|] ]
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|] 10 ]s
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|] 3 ]s
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|}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Serial2016-10-16>
{{cite news
| url = https://serialpodcast.org/posts/2016/10/was-anyone-killed-looking-for-bowe-bergdahl-some-hard-evidence-at-long-last
| title = Was Anyone Killed Looking for Bowe Bergdahl? Some Hard Evidence, at Long Last
| work = ]
| author = Sarah Koenig
| date = October 26, 2016
| access-date = November 4, 2017
| quote = None of these investigations report that any of these men was on a mission to look for Bergdahl. Neither Bergdahl's name, nor the term DUSTWUN (shorthand for a missing soldier), appears in any of the documents.
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Cnn2014-06-01B>
{{Cite news
| url = http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/01/us/bergdahl-deserter-or-hero/
| title = Fellow soldiers call Bowe Bergdahl a deserter, not a hero
| author = Jake Tapper
| work = ]
| date = June 1, 2014
| quote = Moreover, other operations were put on hold while the search for Bergdahl was made a top priority, according to officers who served in Afghanistan during that time. Manpower and assets&nbsp;– such as scarce surveillance drones and helicopters&nbsp;– were redirected to the hunt. The lack of assets is one reason the closure of a dangerous combat outpost, COP Keating, was delayed. Eight soldiers were killed at COP Keating before it was ultimately closed.
| author-link = Jake Tapper
}}
</ref>
}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Bowe Bergdahl}} {{Wikiquote|Bowe Bergdahl}}{{Portal|Biography}}
* A five-part series on the search for Bergdahl in ] by ] * A five-part series on the search for Bergdahl in ] by ]
* *
* An 11 part series released in the winter of 2015/16 investigating the motives and circumstances of this case.


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Latest revision as of 22:13, 28 December 2024

Former American soldier who was captured by the Taliban after leaving his post

Bowe Bergdahl
Birth nameBeaudry Robert Bergdahl
Born (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 38)
Sun Valley, Idaho, U.S.
Service / branch U.S. Army (2008–2021)
U.S. Coast Guard (2006, 26 days)
RankSergeant
UnitBlackfoot Company, 1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division
United States Army North (Fifth Army)
Battles / warsWar in Afghanistan Surrendered

Beaudry Robert "Bowe" Bergdahl (born March 28, 1986) is a former United States Army soldier who was held captive from 2009 to 2014 by the Taliban-aligned Haqqani network in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Bergdahl was captured after leaving his post on June 30, 2009. The circumstances under which Bergdahl went missing and how he was captured by the Taliban have since become subjects of intense media scrutiny. He was released on May 31, 2014, as part of a prisoner exchange for five high ranking Taliban members who were being held at the detention center at Guantanamo Bay.

Bergdahl was tried by general court-martial on charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy, and on October 16, 2017, he entered a guilty plea before a military judge at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. On November 3, 2017, he was sentenced to be dishonorably discharged, reduced in rank to private and fined $1,000 per month from his pay for ten months, with no prison time. The fine and reduction in rank took effect immediately, while the discharge was stayed pending appeals to the Army Court of Criminal Appeals and later to the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, which affirmed the sentence on August 27, 2020. Bergdahl then filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to have a U.S. federal judge review his sentence. On July 25, 2023, the judge issued a ruling that voided his 2017 court-martial conviction.

Early life and education

Bergdahl was born in 1986 in Sun Valley, Idaho. He is of Norwegian and Swedish ancestry. He has an older sister. Both Bergdahl and his sister were home schooled by their mother in Hailey, Idaho. The family attended Sovereign Redeemer Presbyterian Church, an Orthodox Presbyterian Church.

Bergdahl received a GED certificate through the College of Southern Idaho. As an adult, Bergdahl studied and practiced fencing and martial arts before changing to ballet classes at the Sun Valley Ballet School in Ketchum, Idaho. He spent time in a Buddhist monastery between 2007 and 2008.

Military career

In 2006, Bergdahl entered basic training in the United States Coast Guard but was discharged after twenty-six days for psychological reasons, receiving an "uncharacterized discharge" as an entry-level separation.

In 2008, Bergdahl enlisted in the United States Army and graduated from the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was then assigned to the 1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, based at Fort Richardson, Alaska.

According to a fellow soldier, Specialist Jason Fry, Bergdahl, whom Fry described as a loner but "focused and well-behaved", told him before deploying to Afghanistan: "If this deployment is lame, I'm just going to walk off into the mountains of Pakistan." Instead of socializing with his comrades during Thanksgiving, he studied maps of Afghanistan.

Bergdahl's unit deployed to outpost Mest-Malak in May 2009, where they conducted counterinsurgency operations. Bergdahl began learning to speak Pashto and, according to Fry, "to gravitate away from his unit more time with the Afghans than he did with his platoon". Bergdahl's father described his son to military investigators as "psychologically isolated".

Before capture

On June 25, 2009, Bergdahl's battalion suffered its first casualty: First Lieutenant Brian Bradshaw was killed by a roadside bomb near the village of Yaya Kheyl, not far from Bergdahl's outpost. Bergdahl's father believes that Bradshaw and Bergdahl had grown close at the National Training Center and that Bradshaw's death darkened Bergdahl's mood.

Last e-mail to parents

On June 27, 2009, Bergdahl sent an e-mail to his parents before he was captured:

mom, dad The future is too good to waste on lies. And life is way too short to care for the damnation of others, as well as to spend it helping fools with their ideas that are wrong. I have seen their ideas and I am ashamed to even be american. The horror of the self-righteous arrogance that they thrive in is all revolting. and one of the biggest shit bags is being put in charge of the team. a conceited old fool. In the US army you are cut down for being honest ... but if you are a conceited brown nosing shit bag you will be allowed to do you want, and you will be handed your higher rank ... The system is wrong. I am ashamed to be an american. And the title of US soldier is just the lie of fools. ... The US army is the biggest joke the world has to laugh at. It is the army of liars, backstabbers, fools, and bullies. The few good SGTs are getting out as soon as they can, I am sorry for everything here. These people need help, yet what they get is the most conceited country in the world telling them that they are nothing and that they are stupid, that they have no idea how to live ... We don't even care when we hear each other talk about running their children down in the dirt streets with our armored trucks ... We make fun of them in front of their faces, and laugh at them for not understanding we are insulting them I am sorry for everything. The horror that is america is disgusting. There are a few more boxes coming to you guys. Feel free to open them, and use them.

Bob Bergdahl responded to his son's final message not long after he received it:

OBEY YOUR CONSCIENCE!

Dear Bowe, In matters of life and death, and especially at war, it is never safe to ignore ones' conscience. Ethics demands obedience to our conscience. It is best to also have a systematic oral defense of what our conscience demands. Stand with like minded men when possible.

Dad.

Last communication with platoon

A former senior military officer briefed on the investigation into Bergdahl's disappearance stated that on the night he went missing, Bergdahl left a note. The existence of such a note was disputed by the Obama administration during a meeting with Congress on the release of Bergdahl, according to Senator Saxby Chambliss.

In his sworn statement, Bergdahl denied leaving a note. Investigating officer Major General Kenneth Dahl acknowledged that there was no evidence of his leaving a note.

Captivity

Circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance

Map of Afghanistan with markMap of Afghanistan with markObservation Post Mestclass=notpageimage| Observation Post Mest in Paktika Province, where Bergdahl was captured

Bergdahl walked away from his battalion on the night of June 30, 2009, at observation post (OP) Mest near the town of Yahya Kheyl in Paktika Province. Accounts of his capture differ. In a video, Bergdahl said he was captured when he fell behind on a patrol. Taliban sources allege he was ambushed after becoming drunk off base; U.S. military sources deny that claim, stating, "The Taliban are known for lying and what they are claiming not true." A Department of Defense spokesperson said, "I'm glad to see he appears unharmed, but again, this is a Taliban propaganda video. They are exploiting the soldier in violation of international law."

Other sources said Bergdahl walked off base after his shift or that he was grabbed from a latrine. In 2009, the U.S. Department of Defense attributed his disappearance to "walking off his base in eastern Afghanistan with three Afghan counterparts and was believed to have been taken prisoner".

General Nabi Mullakheil of the Afghan National Police said the capture occurred in Paktika Province. Other sources say that he was captured by a Taliban group led by Mullah Sangeen Zadran, who moved him to Ghazni Province. He was held by the Haqqani network, an insurgent group affiliated with the Taliban, probably somewhere in Pakistan.

Bergdahl was a Private First Class when captured; he was promoted in absentia to Specialist on June 19, 2010, and to Sergeant on June 17, 2011. According to soldiers in Bergdahl's platoon, the morning when Bergdahl was discovered to be missing, his equipment was found neatly stacked, with his compass missing.

A Pentagon investigation in 2010 concluded that Bergdahl walked away from his unit. Bergdahl had written (prior to his departure) e-mails to his parents in which he reported having become disillusioned with the war effort and bothered by the treatment of Afghans by American soldiers. He said in his e-mail he was ashamed to be American.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey said: "The questions about this particular soldier's conduct are separate from our effort to recover any U.S. service member in enemy captivity" and that the military will investigate how Bergdahl was captured. "Like any American, he is innocent until proven guilty. Our Army's leaders will not look away from misconduct if it occurred. In the meantime, we will continue to care for him and his family."

Some soldiers who had served with Bergdahl have called him a deserter.

Nathan Bradley Bethea, a member of Bergdahl's battalion, wrote a Daily Beast article stating that there was no patrol the night that Bergdahl went missing and that Bergdahl had talked about his desire to walk to India. Bethea wrote that the brigade received an order not to discuss Bergdahl due to safety reasons, but since he had been found there was no need for further silence. Cody Full, a member of Bergdahl's platoon, said, "He knowingly deserted and put thousands of people in danger because he did. We swore to an oath and we upheld ours. He did not." Full said that Bergdahl had mailed his computer and other possessions home prior to his disappearance.

Contacts by Taliban

On July 18, 2009, the Taliban released a video showing Bergdahl, who appeared downcast and frightened. A Department of Defense statement issued the following day confirmed that Bergdahl had been declared "missing/whereabouts unknown" on July 1 and that his status had been changed to "missing/captured" on July 3.

In the twenty-eight–minute video, his captors held up his dog tags to establish that the captured man was Bergdahl. Bergdahl gave the date as July 14 and mentioned an attack that occurred that day.

On December 25, 2009, five months after Bergdahl's disappearance, the media arm of the Taliban released a video of "a U.S. soldier captured in Afghanistan" entitled "One of Their People Testified".

The Taliban did not name the American, but the only U.S. soldier known to be in captivity was Bergdahl. U.S. military officials had been searching for Bergdahl, but it was not publicly known whether he was being held in Afghanistan or in Pakistan. On December 25, another video was released showing Bergdahl wearing sunglasses, a combat uniform, and helmet.

He described his place of birth, deployment to Afghanistan, and subsequent capture and made several statements regarding his humane treatment by his captors, contrasting this to the abuses suffered by insurgents in prisons. He finished by stating that the United States should not be involved in Afghanistan and that its presence there was akin to the Vietnam War.

The Taliban originally demanded the release of six Taliban prisoners. After Taliban commander Awal Gul died of a heart attack at Guantanamo Bay on February 2, 2011, the demand was reduced to five Taliban prisoners.

On April 7, 2010, the Taliban released a third video depicting Bergdahl, pleading for the release of Afghan prisoners held at Guantanamo and Bagram. In November 2010, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fourth video. In May 2011, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fifth video.

In June 2010, Bergdahl managed to escape his captors but was recaptured after less than nine days. In August 2010, it was reported that a Taliban commander named Haji Nadeem had claimed that Bergdahl was helping to train the Taliban in bomb-making and infantry tactics. The Pentagon dismissed the reports as Taliban propaganda.

In June 2013, Bergdahl's parents received a letter from him through the Red Cross.

In January 2014, the United States received another proof-of-life video dated December 14, 2013, in which Bergdahl mentioned the death of South African former president Nelson Mandela, indicating the video had been recorded after December 5.

In early 2014, it was suggested in some media that the United States government had attempted to secure the release of Bergdahl by paying a ransom and that the intermediary had absconded with the money. The Pentagon said no ransom was paid but that a payment had been made for intelligence that led to Bergdahl's release.

Search efforts

After Bergdahl was confirmed as missing, the Army initiated a DUSTWUN search to find him. According to soldiers from his platoon, there was an increase in attacks against US forces in Paktika Province following his disappearance. Significant resources were deployed in an effort to find Bergdahl. Two Pashto-language leaflets were distributed by the U.S. military in seeking Bergdahl. One showed a smiling GI shaking hands with Afghan children, with a caption that called him a guest in Afghanistan. The other showed a door being broken down and threatened that those holding Bergdahl would be hunted down.

According to soldiers involved in the effort to find Bergdahl, at least six soldiers from his battalion were killed during the search. Retired general Michael Flynn also blamed their deaths on the search for him. National Guard Master Sgt. Mark Allen was on a mission to gather information about Bergdahl from two Afghan villages in July 2009 when his unit was ambushed by insurgents using small arms, machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades. Allen, who was shot in the head, was permanently disabled from the wound, leaving him unable to walk or speak. He died on October 12, 2019.

Officers who served in Afghanistan during that time told CNN that diverting resources to find Bergdahl delayed the closing of Combat Outpost Keating, where eight American soldiers were killed on October 3, 2009, when 300 Taliban insurgents overran the base.

Torture in captivity

According to a senior U.S. official, Bergdahl told military officials that he had been tortured, beaten, and held in a cage by his captors after he tried to escape. He told medical officials that he was locked in a metal cage in total darkness for weeks at a time as punishment for trying to escape.

Release

Place
Afghanistan
Khost Province, where Bergdahl was releasedKhost Province, where Bergdahl was released
Coordinates: 33°18′N 69°54′E / 33.3°N 69.9°E / 33.3; 69.9

On May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was released by his captors and recovered by Delta Force, a Special Mission Unit component of the Joint Special Operations Command in eastern Afghanistan. The release was brokered with the Taliban by the American, Qatari, and Afghan governments, in exchange for five Guantanamo Bay detainees transferred to Qatari custody for at least one year. At 10:30 a.m. (EDT) on May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was handed over by 18 Taliban members to a special operations team in eastern Afghanistan, near Khost on the Pakistani border, in what was described as a "peaceful handover". A video of the handover was later released by the Taliban.

Bergdahl was treated by U.S. military medical staff at an undisclosed base in eastern Afghanistan. He was then transferred to Bagram Airfield before being flown to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany, for medical treatment. On June 13, 2014, he was flown by military plane to San Antonio, Texas, where he was taken to the Brooke Army Medical Center to complete his recovery and reintegration.

The Taliban detainees – known as the "Taliban Five" – who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to custody in Doha, Qatar, are Mohammad Fazl, Khairullah Khairkhwa, Abdul Haq Wasiq, Norullah Noori, and Mohammad Nabi Omari. They were the Taliban army chief of staff, a Taliban deputy minister of intelligence, a former Taliban interior minister, and two other senior Taliban figures.

Some Republican members of Congress have said that the prisoner swap that led to Bergdahl's release may have been illegal. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (NDAA) mandates that all prisoner transfers from Guantanamo Bay require 30 days' notice to Congress, which was not done in this case. When President Barack Obama signed the bill, he released a signing statement saying that the restriction interfered with the president's executive power as commander-in-chief.

The White House released a statement acknowledging that the release of the Guantanamo prisoners did not comply with the NDAA provision, but cited the president's signing statement and "unique and exigent circumstances" as justification.

Release efforts

For months, U.S. negotiators sought to arrange the transfer of five Taliban detainees held at Guantanamo Bay detention camp to the Persian Gulf state of Qatar. The transfer was intended as one of a series of confidence-building measures designed to open the door to political talks between the Taliban and Afghan President Hamid Karzai's government. That move – at the center of U.S. strategy for ending the long, costly conflict in Afghanistan – was supposed to lead directly to Bergdahl's release. The Taliban has consistently called for the United States to release those held at Guantanamo Bay in exchange for freeing Western prisoners. But the Guantanamo transfer proposal ground to a halt when the Taliban rejected U.S. conditions designed to ensure transferred Taliban would not slip away and re-emerge as military leaders. Ultimately, the Obama administration agreed to the prisoner exchange, allowing Bergdahl to be released on May 31, 2014.

White House Rose Garden ceremony

On May 31, 2014, President Obama appeared with Bob and Jani Bergdahl in the White House Rose Garden where he spoke about the prisoner swap that resulted in the recovery of their son.

Return to duty

On July 13, 2014, it was reported that Bergdahl would return to duty at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. This was confirmed by Army officials on July 14, with a spokeswoman saying that "He will now return to regular duty within the command where he can contribute to the mission." In 2015, he was serving as a clerk; however, the "military taboo surrounding desertion is such that he had to have a security detail to guard him from possible attacks from his fellow soldiers."

Debate over negotiations

Mike Rogers, chairman of the House Intelligence Committee said he was "extremely troubled" and that "This fundamental shift in U.S. policy signals to terrorists around the world a greater incentive to take U.S. hostages". This sentiment was repeated by Congressmen Buck McKeon and James Inhofe, who released a joint statement saying that terrorists now have a "strong incentive" to capture more soldiers. Ted Poe, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade, said the Bergdahl exchange appeared to violate the United States policy of not negotiating with terrorists. Anderson Cooper asked White House spokesman Jay Carney if it can "still be said that the United States does not negotiate with terrorists" to which Carney replied:

It can be ... because when you put on the uniform of the United States and you go and fight on behalf of your country in a foreign land at war, and you're taken captive by the enemy, the principle that we don't leave our men and women behind doesn't have an asterisk attached to it depending on who's holding you.

Cooper followed up by asking "Even if it was a group like Al Qaeda, there would be negotiations with them?" to which Carney replied:

What I'm saying is he was a prisoner in an armed conflict, and we were engaged in an effort for five years to try to recover him. As an admiral said on TV today, he said when one of your shipmates goes overboard, you go get them. You don't ask whether he jumped or he was pushed or he fell. You go get him first and then you find out.

Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said Bergdahl was a "prisoner of war" and that "We didn't negotiate with terrorists". Time magazine published an article stating that the Taliban are:

ot really a 'terrorist' enemy as we commonly understand the word. The group is not on the State Department's official list of terrorist organizations and has long been a battlefield enemy in the ground war for control of Afghanistan. It is not plotting to, say, hijack American airplanes—even if it does have sympathies with people who are. Ditto the Taliban leaders released over the weekend.

Time pointed out that the United States and other countries have "negotiated with terrorists" multiple times in previous years. In February 2014, CNN published an article discussing the possibility of releasing Bergdahl in exchange for the five Taliban, and concluded that "discussions about the release of Bergdahl with the Afghan Taliban are not directly with a terrorist organization per se, but instead with an insurgent group that has a terrorist wing".

In August 2014, the Government Accountability Office published a report stating that the Pentagon broke the law when conducting the prisoner exchange because it failed to notify U.S. Congress in advance, as required by the law.

National Security Advisor Susan Rice appeared on ABC News' This Week on June 1, 2014, several days after the exchange, saying Bergdahl "served the United States with honor and distinction." Following the announcement that Bergdahl was formally charged with desertion and misbehavior before the enemy, much debate regarding the administration's handling of the negotiations resumed, centered on Rice's comment and then-State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki's statement in late March 2015 that the swap was "absolutely" worth it.

In September 2014, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 249 to 163 (with 22 Democrats joining the Republican majority) to pass a nonbinding resolution condemning President Obama for failing to give Congress thirty days' notice before exchanging Bergdahl.

Court-martial, conviction, and vacation of conviction

Investigation, court-martial, and conviction

On June 16, 2014, the U.S. Army said that it had begun investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding the disappearance and capture of Bergdahl in Afghanistan.

On June 25, 2014, the U.S. Army stated that there is "no evidence" that Bergdahl "engaged in any misconduct" during his years in captivity. The 2010 Pentagon investigation referred to above dealt with events leading up to his capture. In July 2014, Bergdahl was returned to active duty.

In August 2014, it was announced that an investigation headed by Major General Kenneth Dahl would be conducted. During the course of Dahl's inquiry, Bergdahl told investigators that he left his position in June 2009 to report on "misconduct in his unit" and that he had intended to return quickly. During a 59-day investigation, Dahl interviewed 57 witnesses, including Bergdahl.

According to his lawyer, Eugene Fidell, Bergdahl told him that he "had concerns about certain conditions in the unit and things that happened in the unit and he figured that the only way to get any attention to them would be to get that information to a general officer." Fidell opined that Bergdahl was actually AWOL when he was captured, rather than a deserter.

In December 2014, the Army referred Bergdahl's case to a four-star general for a possible court-martial. On March 25, 2015, the Army announced that Bergdahl had been charged with two counts under the Uniform Code of Military Justice: one count of "desertion with intent to shirk important or hazardous duty" and one count of "misbehavior before the enemy by endangering the safety of a command, unit or place"; the second more serious misbehavior charge can be charged with a life sentence.

According to documents released by his defense team, Bergdahl was diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder following an Army Sanity Board evaluation. On July 27, 2015, a memorandum from the sanity board stated "Though Sgt. Bergdahl did have a severe mental disease or defect at the time of the alleged criminal conduct, he was able to appreciate the nature and quality and wrongfulness of this conduct."

In September 2015, following earlier postponements, an Article 32 hearing (similar to a preliminary hearing in the civilian system) was held at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. At the hearing, Dahl testified that he found no evidence suggesting that Bergdahl was "sympathetic to the Taliban" or intended to desert. Dahl also testified that Bergdahl had "idealistic and unrealistic expectations" of people, identifying with Ayn Rand's character of John Galt. Dahl testified that he had found no evidence that any soldiers had been killed while specifically engaged in the effort to retrieve Bergdahl. Dahl also testified that imprisonment would be an "inappropriate" penalty for Bergdahl.

Lieutenant Colonel Mark Visger presided over the hearing and made a recommendation on whether Bergdahl should be court-martialed. In October 2015, Visger "recommended that the charges be referred to a special court-martial and that a punitive discharge and confinement would be inappropriate given all the circumstances." Visger's recommendation was reviewed by General Robert B. Abrams, the commander of United States Army Forces Command at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, the "convening authority" in Bergdahl's case.

In December 2015, Abrams rejected the recommendation and ordered that Bergdahl face a general court-martial on the two charges. His trial was first set for February 2017. Regarding these charges, Bergdahl had sought a pardon from President Obama, which was not granted.

In 2016, Bergdahl's case was the focus of Season 2 of the podcast Serial.

On President Donald Trump's inauguration day, Bergdahl's lawyers sought to use the president's words to end the prosecution. Specifically, Trump had denounced Bergdahl during the presidential campaign as a "dirty rotten traitor". The defense attorneys filed a motion to dismiss the desertion and endangerment charges against Bergdahl, saying it was now impossible for him to get a fair trial. They contended that the effect of President Trump's statements violates a prohibition on unlawful command influence, a legal concept in military justice.

Colonel Jeffery Nance, the military judge presiding over the case, declined to dismiss the case in February 2017; Bergdahl's appeal was denied by the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals in March. His defense team then filed a third motion, again asking to dismiss the case over the comments from Trump. Bergdahl returned to court for a pre-trial hearing on May 5, 2017, where the judge said he intended to start jury selection on October 16, 2017.

On August 21, it was announced that Bergdahl had rejected a trial by jury and chose instead a trial by military judge Colonel Nance. On October 16, 2017, Bergdahl, via his attorney, pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy. His sentencing hearing was slated to take place on October 23.

On October 23, Nance heard arguments to renew a motion to dismiss the court-martial, citing recent comments by President Trump on October 16. President Trump said that he couldn't comment on the case, and added, "but I think people have heard my comments in the past." Prosecutors claimed that Trump was merely trying to distance himself from his previous remarks about Bergdahl. Sentencing testimony began on October 25.

On November 3, 2017, Nance accepted Bergdahl's guilty plea and sentenced him to be dishonorably discharged, reduced in rank, and fined $1,000 per month from his pay for ten months, with no prison time. The fine and reduction in rank were to take effect immediately, while the discharge was stayed pending automatic appeal. The judge did not give his reasons for the sentence, which was later reviewed by General Robert B. Abrams. As the final sentence included a punitive (dishonorable) discharge, it was reviewed by the United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals.

After the sentencing, President Trump tweeted "The decision on Sergeant Bergdahl is a complete and total disgrace to our Country and to our Military." In June 2018, General Abrams approved the sentence.

On August 28, 2020, his sentence was approved by the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

Vacatur of conviction

In February 2021, Bergdahl filed a petition in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to have the conviction and sentence expunged. On August 2, 2021, the Justice Department filed a motion to dismiss Bergdahl's petition.

Sometime later in 2021, Bergdahl was discharged from the Army.

In March 2023 Bergdahl received a partial win in the U.S. District Court case. Senior Judge Reggie Walton partially granted the government's motion to dismiss the case, but he rejected claims that comments from President Trump and Senator John McCain had influenced the military court-martial.

On July 25, 2023, Judge Walton vacated the conviction. The ruling stated that Nance failing to disclose his application for a position at the Justice Department "could create the appearance of potential bias".

On May 29, 2024, the Justice Department appealed Judge Walton’s decision to vacate the conviction. The case is currently at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.

Military awards

As an infantryman who had engaged in combat with the enemy prior to his capture, Bergdahl was awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge and a total of 10 overseas service bars for the five years he spent in the combat zone in Afghanistan.

His awards and service ribbons include the Army Good Conduct Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Afghanistan Campaign Medal, Global War on Terror Service Medal, Army Service Ribbon, and the Overseas Service Ribbon.

In January 2016, his military lawyer requested the Army award Bergdahl the Purple Heart and the Prisoner of War Medal on the grounds that withholding the medals might prejudice and "cast a semblance of guilt" on Bergdahl as he awaited trial.

After sentencing on November 3, 2017, his civilian attorney indicated that the defense team would still seek to have the Prisoner of War Medal issued to Bergdahl for the five years he spent in captivity.

Combat Infantryman Badge
Army Good Conduct Medal (2 awards)
National Defense Service Medal
Afghanistan Campaign Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Army Service Ribbon
Overseas Service Ribbon
Army Superior Unit Award
10 Overseas Service Bars
3 service stripes
United States Army North Distinctive unit insignia
4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division Combat service identification badge

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