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| {{Short description|Administrative land division of a military order}}{{Other uses|Commandery (disambiguation)}} | |||
| {{uncat|September 2006}} | |||
| In the ], a '''commandery''' (rarely '''commandry''') was the smallest administrative division of the ]an ] of a ]. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.<ref>Anthony Luttrell and Greg O'Malley (eds.), ''The Countryside Of Hospitaller Rhodes 1306–1423: Original Texts And English Summaries'' (Routledge, 2019), p. 27.</ref> The word is also applied to the ]s granted to a commander. They were the equivalent for those orders to a ]. The knight in charge of a commandery was a ]. | |||
| ==Etymology== | |||
| The word came from French ''commanderie'', from medieval ] ''commendaria'', meaning "a trust or charge". Also called "commendæ" in Latin. | |||
| The word derives from French ''commanderie'' or ''commenderie'', from mediaeval ] ''commendaria'' or ''commenda'', meaning "a trust or charge", originally one held '']''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=765}} <ref name="auto">"commandery | commandry, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, December 2018, https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/36962. Accessed 9 December 2018.</ref> | |||
| Originally, commandries were benefices, particularly in the Church, held ''in commendam''. Mediaeval ] adopted monastic organizational structures and commandries were divisions of the ], and later the ] and other knightly orders were organized along similar lines.<ref name="auto"/> The property of the order was divided into "priorates" (or ]), subdivided into "bailiwicks," which in turn were divided into "commanderies" or "''commendæ''"; these were placed in charge of a "''commendator''" or ]. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander of a military order of knights.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=765}} | |||
| Originally commandries only existed for the ], but later also for the ] and other orders. Its equivalents for ] were ] and preceptory. In ], the Knights of St. John's possessions in ] were seized as ]. | |||
| A commandry of the Teutonic Knights, each headed by a ''Komtur'', was known as a ''Komturei'' or ''Kommende''. The equivalents among the ] were "]" and "preceptory".{{Dubious|date=May 2011}} In 1540, the possessions in ] of the ] - the commanderies to which the English term first referred - were seized as crown property.<ref name="auto"/> | |||
| ---- | |||
| ==Usage== | |||
| '''Commandery''' (郡 in ]: jùn) was a ] of ]. During the ], it was one level below a district (縣 / 县). ] inverted the hierarchy and made commanderies higher than districts. During the ] and ] Dynasties, commanderies were abolished and replaced by ''zhou''-]s (州). | |||
| ===Modern=== | |||
| Notable commandries: | |||
| * A territory of the ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * A division of the ], found within the ] of ]. | |||
| * ] | |||
| * A chapter of the ]. | |||
| ===Medieval=== | |||
| ] | |||
| In the Near East and throughout Europe: | |||
| ] | |||
| *A territory of ], the ] | |||
| ] | |||
| *A territory of the ] and other orders | |||
| ] | |||
| *], an historic building in the city of ], England probably built by Knights Hospitallers | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| == References == | |||
| === Citations === | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| === Sources === | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| * {{EB1911|wstitle=Commandery|volume=6|page=765}} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| {{Orders}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:56, 30 November 2022
Administrative land division of a military orderFor other uses, see Commandery (disambiguation).In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander. They were the equivalent for those orders to a monastic grange. The knight in charge of a commandery was a commander.
Etymology
The word derives from French commanderie or commenderie, from mediaeval Latin commendaria or commenda, meaning "a trust or charge", originally one held in commendam.
Originally, commandries were benefices, particularly in the Church, held in commendam. Mediaeval military orders adopted monastic organizational structures and commandries were divisions of the Order of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and later the Order of Teutonic Knights and other knightly orders were organized along similar lines. The property of the order was divided into "priorates" (or priories), subdivided into "bailiwicks," which in turn were divided into "commanderies" or "commendæ"; these were placed in charge of a "commendator" or commander. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander of a military order of knights.
A commandry of the Teutonic Knights, each headed by a Komtur, was known as a Komturei or Kommende. The equivalents among the Knights Templar were "preceptor" and "preceptory". In 1540, the possessions in England of the Knights Hospitaller - the commanderies to which the English term first referred - were seized as crown property.
Usage
Modern
- A territory of the Venerable Order of Saint John
- A division of the Knights Templar, found within the York Rite of Freemasonry.
- A chapter of the Military Order of Foreign Wars.
Medieval
In the Near East and throughout Europe:
- A territory of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, the Knights Hospitallers
- A territory of the Order of Teutonic Knights and other orders
- The Commandery, an historic building in the city of Worcester, England probably built by Knights Hospitallers
See also
References
Citations
- Anthony Luttrell and Greg O'Malley (eds.), The Countryside Of Hospitaller Rhodes 1306–1423: Original Texts And English Summaries (Routledge, 2019), p. 27.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 765.
- ^ "commandery | commandry, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, December 2018, https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/36962. Accessed 9 December 2018.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Commandery". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
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