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{{Infobox Israel municipality {{Infobox settlement
| name = Yarka | name = Yarka
| native_name = {{Hlist
| emblem = Yirka COA.png
| {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְכָּא}}|rtl=yes}}
| image_skyline = PikiWiki Israel 8723 yarka local council building.jpg
| {{Lang|ar|{{lang|ar|يركا}}|rtl=yes}}
| image_caption = Yarka municipality
}}
| hebname = {{Hebrew|יִרְכָּא}}
| settlement_type = ]
| arname = {{Hebrew|يركا}}
| translit_lang1 = Hebrew
| meaning =
| translit_lang1_type3 = Also spelled
| pushpin_map = Israel northwest
| translit_lang1_info3 = Yirka (official)
| coordinates = {{coord|32|57|14.39|N|35|12|44.16|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_skyline = PikiWiki Israel 8723 yarka local council building.jpg
| palgrid = 170/261
| image_caption = Yarka local council building
| founded =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| type = lc
| pushpin_map = Israel northwest#Israel
| altUnoSp = Yirka
| pushpin_mapsize =
| district = north
| pushpin_label_position =
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| pushpin_map_caption =
| population = {{Israel populations|Yirka}}
| coordinates = {{coord|32|57|14|N|35|12|44|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| grid_name = Grid position
| area_dunam = 15564
| grid_position = 170/261 ]
| subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = {{ISR}}
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 =
]
| unit_pref = dunam
| area_total_dunam = {{formatnum:15564|R}}
| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| population_total = {{Israel populations|Yirka}}
| population_as_of = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
}} }}


'''Yarka''' ({{lang-he-n|יִרְכָּא}}, {{lang-ar|يركا}})<ref>Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. </ref> is a ] village and ] in the ] of ]. Located northeast of ], in {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Yirka}}. '''Yarka''', officially '''Yirka''' ({{langx|he|יִרְכָּא}}, {{langx|ar|يركا}}),<ref>Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. </ref> is a Druze village<ref></ref> and ] in the ] of ]. In 2019 it had a population of 17,171, 98.8% of them members of the ] community, with a small ] (1.0%) and ] (0.1%) minorities.<ref> {{in lang|he}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
===Ancient era===
Yarka is an ancient village site, where old ] and ]s have been found. ] found a Greek inscription here dating from the Christian era.<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, pp. -38.</ref> In the ], Yarka was known under the name of ''Arket''. In 1220 ]´s daughter ] and her husband ], ], sold their land, including ''Arket'', to the ].<ref>Strehlke, 1869, pp. - 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. , No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263</ref>
Yarka is an ancient village site, where old ] and ]s have been found. A Greek inscription here dating from the early Christian era was found by ] in 1881.<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, pp. -38.</ref>

===Crusader period===
During the ], Yarka was known under the name of ''Arket''. In 1220, ]'s daughter ] and her husband ], ], sold their land, including Arket, to the ].<ref>Strehlke, 1869, pp. - 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. , No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263</ref>


===Ottoman era=== ===Ottoman era===
In 1517, Yarka was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the ] after it was captured from the ]s, and by 1596, it appeared in the Ottoman ] as part of the '']'' of Akka of the '']'' of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors and paid taxes on an olive press.<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref> In 1517, Yarka was incorporated into the ] after Palestine was captured from the ]s. By 1596, Yarka appeared in the Ottoman ] as part of the '']'' of Akka of the '']'' of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors.<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref>


A map by ] from ] showed the place, named as ''Hierka.''<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. .</ref> A map by ] from ] showed the town under the name ''Hierka''.<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. .</ref>


] ]
]
The French explorer ] visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance."<ref>Guérin, 1880, pp. , as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. </ref> In 1881, the ]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Yarka as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. </ref>


A population list from about 1887 showed that ''Yerka'' had about 1,285 inhabitants; virtually all Druze.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. </ref>
The French explorer ] visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance."<ref>Guérin, 1880, pp. , as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. </ref> In 1881, the ]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'', Yarka is described as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. </ref>


===British Mandate era=== ===British Mandate era===
In the ] conducted by the ], Yarka had a population of 978 residents; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims and 15 Christians,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. </ref> where the Christians were 11 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics and 1 Maronite.<ref name=Census1922b>Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. </ref> The population increased in the ] to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 occupied houses.<ref>Mills, 1932, p. </ref> In the ] conducted by the ], Yarka had a population of 978 residents; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims, and 15 Christians,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. </ref> where the Christians were 11 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, and 1 Maronite.<ref name=Census1922b>Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. </ref> The population increased in the ] to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims, and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 houses.<ref>Mills, 1932, p. </ref>


In 1945 ''Yirka'' had a population of 1,500; 70 Muslims, 10 Christians and 1420 "other" (=Druze),<ref>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. </ref> with 42,452 ]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> while 140 dunams were built-up land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> According to an official land and population survey, Yarka had a population of 1,500 in ]; 70 Muslims, 10 Christians, and 1420 Druze,<ref>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. </ref> encapsulating with 42,452 ]s of land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereal,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> while 140 dunams were built-up land<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> in ].


==Religious sites== ==Religious sites==
]
Yarka contains the ''maqam'' ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya,<ref name="Swayd8"/><ref name="Dana36">Dana, 2003, p. 36.</ref> a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in the ] during the 11th century.<ref name="Swayd8">Swayd, 2009, p. </ref><ref name="Izzedin131">Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. </ref><ref>Dana, 2003, p. 106.</ref> He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area.<ref name="Izzedin131"/> Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.<ref name="Dana36"/>
Yarka contains the '']'' ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya,<ref name="Swayd8"/><ref name="Dana36">Dana, 2003, p. 36.</ref> a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in ] during the 11th century.<ref name="Swayd8">Swayd, 2009, p. </ref><ref name="Izzedin131">Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. </ref><ref>Dana, 2003, p. 106.</ref> He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area.<ref name="Izzedin131"/> Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.<ref name="Dana36"/>


The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq ''maqam''. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with ], an adviser to the ancient ] king ]. According to this tradition, the name ''Yarka'' derives from "ha-Arki." The Druze prayer house Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.<ref>Dana, 2003, p. 32.</ref> The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq ''maqam''. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with the biblical figure ]. According to this tradition, the name "Yarka" derives from "ha-Arki". The Druze prayer house "Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad" is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.<ref>Dana, 2003, p. 32.</ref>


==Economy== ==Economy==
One of the largest factories in the ] {{fact|date=October 2011}}, a steel mill built and owned by the Kadmani family, is located in Yarka. My Baby, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies. The store has an annual turnover of NIS 100 million.<ref></ref> Yarka houses Kadmani Metal Works, Inc., now defunct.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Westheimer |first1=Ruth |last2=Sedan |first2=Gil |title=The Olive and the Tree: The Secret Strength of the Druze |date=2006 |publisher=Lantern |pages=35 }}</ref> ''My Baby'', Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is also stationed in Yarka. The store has an annual turnover of ] 100 million ($27.1 million USD).<ref></ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|25em}} {{Reflist|25em}}


==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Commonscat|Yirka}}
*{{cite book|last1=Abu Izzedin|first1=Nejla M.|title=The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society|date=1993|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-09705-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BprjrZzee5EC }}
{{ref begin}}
*{{cite journal |author = Barag, Dan | title = A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 29 | year = 1979 | pages = 197–217}}
*{{cite book|last1=Abu Izzedin|first1=Nejla M.|title=The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society|date=1993|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=90-04-09705-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BprjrZzee5EC }}
*{{cite book
*{{cite journal |author = Barag, Dan | title = A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 29 | year = 1979 | pages = 197–217}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}} | editor =Barron, J. B.
| title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal | author =Clermont-Ganneau, Charles Simon | authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau| title = Note IV by Clermont-Ganneau |journal = Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 13 | pages = 37–38 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme13pale | year = 1881}}
| author =Clermont-Ganneau, C. S. | authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Claude Reignier|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=Herbert H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=]|volume=1}} (p. )
| title = Note IV by Clermont-Ganneau |journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 13
*{{cite book|first=Nissim|last=Dana|title=The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2nCWIsyZJxUC&dq=Yanuh&source=gbs_navlinks_s|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=2003|isbn=1903900360}}
| pages = –38
*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
| url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme13pale | year = 1881}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
*{{cite book
*{{cite journal | first1=Rafael | last1=Frankel | title=Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period|url=http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/27926125 | journal= Israel Exploration Journal| volume=38 | number= 4 | year=1988 | pages= 249–272}}
|last1=Conder|first1=C. R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=Victor|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
|year=1881
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal | last2=Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=]
|volume=1}} (p. )
*{{cite book|first=Nissim|last=Dana|title=The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nCWIsyZJxUC&q=Yanuh|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=2003|isbn=978-1903900369}}
*{{cite book
|last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin
| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726
| year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French
|isbn= 978-0-860549-05-5}}
*{{cite book
|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
*{{cite journal | first1=Rafael | last1=Frankel | title=Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period| journal= Israel Exploration Journal| volume=38 | number= 4 | year=1988 | pages= 249–272| jstor=27926125 }}
*{{cite book
|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin
|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog
|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
*{{cite book
|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine
|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
|first1=S.|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi
|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book
| last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth
|last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah
| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 978-3-920405-41-4}}
*{{cite journal |author =Karmon, Y. |title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url=http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |journal =Israel Exploration Journal| volume = 10 |issue = 3,4 |year = 1960 |pages = 155–173; 244–253}} *{{cite journal |author =Karmon, Y. |title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url=http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |journal =Israel Exploration Journal| volume = 10 |issue = 3,4 |year = 1960 |pages = 155–173; 244–253}}
*{{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://ia800304.us.archive.org/18/items/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas/PalestineCensus1931.pdf | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}} *{{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=]}} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=]}}
*{{cite book|last=Rhode|first=Harold|authorlink=Harold Rhode|date=1979|url=http://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=]}} *{{cite book|last=Rhode|first=H.|authorlink=Harold Rhode|date=1979|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=]}}
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=Reinhold |authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title=(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/registaregnihier00rhuoft|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}} *{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R. |authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title=(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/registaregnihier00rhuoft|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}}
*{{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first =G.| authorlink = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = –191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}}
*{{cite book|editor=Strehlke, Ernst |title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum|url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher= Weidmanns|location=Berlin}}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book|first=Sami|last=Swayd|title=The A to Z of the Druzes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Nq9lD5wnBMC |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|isbn=0810868369}}
|editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke
*{{cite book|last=Thomson|first=William McClure|authorlink=William McClure Thomson||title=The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land|url=https://archive.org/details/landandbookorbi05thomgoog |edition=1|volume=1|publisher=Harper & brothers |location=New York|year= 1859}} (p. )
|title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum
{{refend}}
|url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher= Weidmanns|location=Berlin}}
*{{cite book|first=Sami|last=Swayd|title=The A to Z of the Druzes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Nq9lD5wnBMC |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|isbn=978-0810868366}}
*{{cite book|last=Thomson|first=W. M.|authorlink=William McClure Thomson|title=The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land|url=https://archive.org/details/landandbookorbi05thomgoog |edition=1|volume=1|publisher=Harper & brothers |location=New York|year= 1859}} (p. )
{{Refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *
* *
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: , *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: ,



{{Arab localities in Israel footer|uncollapsed}}
{{North District (Israel)}} {{North District (Israel)}}
{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 22:36, 24 November 2024

Local council in Northern, Israel
Yarka
  • יִרְכָּא‎
  • يركا
Local council
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • Also spelledYirka (official)
Yarka local council buildingYarka local council building
Yarka is located in Northwest IsraelYarkaYarkaShow map of Northwest IsraelYarka is located in IsraelYarkaYarkaShow map of Israel
Coordinates: 32°57′14″N 35°12′44″E / 32.95389°N 35.21222°E / 32.95389; 35.21222
Grid position170/261 PAL
Country Israel
DistrictNorthern
Area
 • Total15,564 dunams (15.564 km or 6.009 sq mi)
Population
 • Total17,759
 • Density1,100/km (3,000/sq mi)

Yarka, officially Yirka (Hebrew: יִרְכָּא, Arabic: يركا), is a Druze village and local council in the Northern District of Israel. In 2019 it had a population of 17,171, 98.8% of them members of the Druze community, with a small Muslim (1.0%) and Christian (0.1%) minorities.

History

Ancient era

Yarka is an ancient village site, where old columns and cisterns have been found. A Greek inscription here dating from the early Christian era was found by Clermont-Ganneau in 1881.

Crusader period

During the Crusader era, Yarka was known under the name of Arket. In 1220, Joscelin III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Arket, to the Teutonic Knights.

Ottoman era

In 1517, Yarka was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after Palestine was captured from the Mamluks. By 1596, Yarka appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors.

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the town under the name Hierka.

Entrance to Yarka
Yarka in 1968

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance." In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Yarka as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.

A population list from about 1887 showed that Yerka had about 1,285 inhabitants; virtually all Druze.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yarka had a population of 978 residents; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims, and 15 Christians, where the Christians were 11 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, and 1 Maronite. The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims, and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 houses.

According to an official land and population survey, Yarka had a population of 1,500 in 1945; 70 Muslims, 10 Christians, and 1420 Druze, encapsulating with 42,452 dunams of land. Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereal, while 140 dunams were built-up land in 1945.

Religious sites

Hilwah, (praying house), in Yarka

Yarka contains the maqam ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya, a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in Galilee during the 11th century. He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area. Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.

The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq maqam. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with the biblical figure Hushai. According to this tradition, the name "Yarka" derives from "ha-Arki". The Druze prayer house "Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad" is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.

Economy

Yarka houses Kadmani Metal Works, Inc., now defunct. My Baby, Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is also stationed in Yarka. The store has an annual turnover of NIS 100 million ($27.1 million USD).

See also

References

  1. "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. Personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 60
  3. ירכא 2016
  4. Yarka 2019 (in Hebrew)
  5. Dauphin, 1998, p. 639, citing Clermont-Ganneau, 1881, pp. 37-38.
  6. Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 248, No. 934 (34); cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 263
  7. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191
  8. Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the Safad register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  9. Karmon, 1960, p. 162.
  10. Guérin, 1880, pp. 16-17, as translated and cited by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 193
  11. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 148
  12. Schumacher, 1888, p. 172
  13. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  14. Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  15. Mills, 1932, p. 103
  16. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 5
  17. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 41
  18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 82
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 132
  20. ^ Swayd, 2009, p. 8
  21. ^ Dana, 2003, p. 36.
  22. ^ Abu-Izzedin, 1993, p. 131
  23. Dana, 2003, p. 106.
  24. Dana, 2003, p. 32.
  25. Westheimer, Ruth; Sedan, Gil (2006). The Olive and the Tree: The Secret Strength of the Druze. Lantern. p. 35.
  26. Israel's only American-style baby store, in the heart of a Druze village

Bibliography

External links

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