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{{Short description|Community of Israeli Jews}}
{{Infobox ethnic group {{Infobox ethnic group
|image= | image =
|group=Pakistani Jews in Israel | group = Pakistani Jews in Israel
| native_name_lang = he
|poptime= 1,000 - 2,000
| population = 1,000–2,000
|popplace=]
|rels= ] | popplace = ]
| rels = ]
|langs= ] (Main language for all generations); <br> Older generation: ], ], ], ]
| related_groups = Others of the ] (e.g., ])
| langs = '''Modern:'''<br />]<br />'''Historical:'''<br />], ], ], other ] and ]
}} }}


In ], there is a community of between 1,000 and 2,000 people consisting of ] and their direct descendants. Upon the ] in 1947, many Jews emigrated from the ] and resettled in the ], joining the local ]. Following the ] in 1948, most of the remainder of Pakistan's Jews fled from the country as part of the wider ], immigrating primarily to Israel and the ];<ref>{{cite news|last1=Salman|first1=Peerzada|title=Role of Jews in Karachi's uplift highlighted|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1053650/role-of-jews-in-karachis-uplift-highlighted|access-date=17 January 2017|work=]|date=Nov 3, 2013|quote=When in 1948 Israel came into being a lot of Jews migrated to Israel, and after the Arab-Israel war a majority of them left the city.}}</ref> Israel's Pakistani Jewish community is largely concentrated in the city of ]. Sharing their heritage with the ], the country's Pakistani Jews are mainly identified as having belonged to the ], a community of the ] that coalesced in northern India.
'''Pakistani Jews in Israel''' are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Pakistani Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. They number between 1000 and 2000. The majority of these refugee Jews are those who migrated from ], ], ] to India and then many to Israel as part of the ], and formed a small community in the city of ].<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref>


==History== ==History==
Records cite that major Pakistani Jewish migration to Israel occurred in the 1960s and 1970s from India, where many Jewish refugees from Pakistan eventually settled during the ] period. ], built by Solomon David Umerdekar and his son Gershone Solomon, Karachi's last ], was demolished in 1988 to make way for a shopping plaza. Most of the Karachi Jews now live in ] and ], Israel, ], Canada, ], India and in several states in the United States and built a synagogue they named Magen Shalome.<ref></ref>
Pakistan hosted a small thriving multicultural Jewish community from the 19th century until the end of the 1970s. The majority of Jews in Pakistan were ], ] and ].


Jewish immigrants from Pakistan have served with distinction in the ] and helped revive the game of ] in Israel.<ref></ref>
===Colonial era (1842-1947)===
Jewish migration to the territories that now constitute Pakistan began during the ] in 1857. In the first half of the 20th century, there were nearly 1000 Jewish residents in Pakistan living in various cities. ] was the center of Pakistan's Jewish community and home to ], the largest Synagogue in the country at the time. It was inaugurated by Solomon David Umerdekar in 1892 on the corner of Jamila Street and Nishtar Road and officially opened in 1912. Jews also lived in ] and ] (home to ]), and ] (home to ]).<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref> Peshawar also had two small synagogues. Karachi Jews were of various origins, but most were from the Bene Israel community. Yifah, a student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, relates that her great-great-grandfather Samuel Reuben Bhonkar, who was a Bene Israel, came to Karachi to work as a jailer, and died there in 1928. The Bene Israel originated in the Konkan villages. In Pakistan, they spoke ] and ] mainly while Bene Israel also spoke ] and Bukharan Jews ]. Prayers were conducted in ]. In 1903, the community set up the Young Man’s Jewish Association, and the Karachi Bene Israel Relief Fund was established to support poor Jews. In 1918, the Karachi Jewish Syndicate was formed to provide housing at reasonable rents, and the All India Israelite League, which represented 650 Bene Israel in Sindh province (including ], ], ] and ]), was first convened – founded by two prominent Bene Israel, Jacob Bapuji Israel and David S. Erulkar. Karachi became a fulcrum for the Bene Israel in India, the place where they congregated for High Holiday prayers. There was also a prayer hall, which served the Afghan Jews residing in the city. A 1941 government census recorded 1199 Pakistani Jews: 513 men and 538 women. So accepted were the Jews of Karachi in these years that Abraham Reuben, a leader in the Jewish community, became the first Jewish councilor on the Karachi Municipal Corporation.<ref>http://www.jewishtimesasia.org/community-spotlight-topmenu-43/pakistan/544-pakistan-communities/2806-a-jewish-presence-in-pakistan-karachi-in-another-time</ref>


The Israeli authors, Yoel Reuben (Satamkar) and Eliaz Reuben-Dandeker are of Bene-Israel of ] descent.
===Post-independence===
Following Pakistan's independence in August 1947, many Jews became concerned of their future in the new Muslim majority country. Many Jews from Peshawar, Lahore and Quetta decided to move to Karachi during this period. The situation was exacerbated by the declaration of independence for the state of Israel in May 1948. Pakistan was never traditionally anti-Semitic, however an anti-Israel sentiment began growing in the 1950s. Following the ] in 1967, Pakistani Jews began moving to Israel in greater numbers, while some chose to go abroad and settle in Canada and the United Kingdom. By 1968, the Pakistani Jewish community numbered only 350, mainly centered in Karachi, with one synagogue, a welfare organization and a recreational organization. After 1968, there is no record of any Pakistani Jews outside Karachi. Following the ], Pakistan hosted many ] as refugees as part of the United Nations Political Refugee program. Many of them sought to settle in Israel while others opted for Canada and the United Kingdom like there fellow Pakistani Jews had done in the years prior.<ref>http://jewishjournal.com/opinion/216326/advice-jewish-refugee-canada/</ref> ] was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a shopping plaza. By the 1990s, most Pakistani Jews had left the country. The majority today live in ], Israel, with minorities in ], ].<ref></ref> Jewish immigrants from Pakistan have served with distinction in the ], helped revive the game of ] in Israel and have added a fair amount of colour to Israeli society.<ref></ref> According to unofficial sources, there are rumors that some Jews remain in Pakistan, including doctors and members of the free professions, who converted or pass themselves off as members of other religions. In 2015, Fishel Benkhald publicly announced his Jewish faith and claimed to the "the last Jew in Pakistan".<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref> His aim to the restore the Karachi's Jewish Cemetery and for the Magen Shalom synagogue to be rebuilt, which was previously being fought by Rachel Joseph who died in 2006.<ref>www.jewishtimesasia.org/community-spotlight-topmenu-43/pakistan/544-pakistan-communities/2806-a-jewish-presence-in-pakistan-karachi-in-another-time</ref>


==See also== ==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |title=The Jews of Pakistan-A forgotten heritage |first=Yoel |last=Reuben (Satamkar) |publisher=Bene Israel heritage museum and genealogical research centre |year=2010}}
* ]
* {{Cite book |title=So, what's your Kar-A journey into unknown India & Pakistan |first=Eliaz |last=Reuben-Dandeker |publisher=Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House |location=] |year=2018}}
⚫ * ]
* {{Cite book |title=The guide for the Bene Israel of India-culture, history and customs |first=Eliaz |last=Reuben-Dandeker |publisher=Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House |location=] |year=2019}}
⚫ * ]
* {{Cite book |title=The Jammaat-Inspiring people of the Bene Israel of India community |first=Eliaz |last=Reuben-Dandeker |publisher=Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House |location=] |year=2020}}
* ]

==See also==
{{Portal|Israel|Pakistan|Judaism}}
* ]
* ]
** ]
* ]
⚫ * ]
⚫ ** ]


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
* *
* {{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/249364/i-met-a-pakistani-jew-in-israel-this-is-what-he-taught-me/|title=I met a Pakistani-Jew in Israel. This is what he taught me.|work=Daily Times|first=Ibrahim|last=Rashid|date=5 June 2018|access-date=27 May 2019}}


{{Israeli Jews by ethnic or national origin in Israel}} {{Israeli Jews by ethnic or national origin in Israel}}
{{Ethnic groups in Israel}} {{Jews and Judaism in Pakistan}}
{{Pakistani diaspora}}


⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
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{{Israel-stub}}
{{Pakistan-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:35, 26 October 2024

Community of Israeli Jews Ethnic group
Pakistani Jews in Israel
Total population
1,000–2,000
Regions with significant populations
Ramla
Languages
Modern:
Hebrew
Historical:
Judeo-Urdu, Sindhi, Judeo-Marathi, other South Asian languages and Jewish languages
Religion
Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Others of the Jewish diaspora (e.g., Indian Jews)

In Israel, there is a community of between 1,000 and 2,000 people consisting of Pakistani Jews and their direct descendants. Upon the partition of British India in 1947, many Jews emigrated from the Dominion of Pakistan and resettled in the Dominion of India, joining the local Indian Jews. Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, most of the remainder of Pakistan's Jews fled from the country as part of the wider Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, immigrating primarily to Israel and the Western world; Israel's Pakistani Jewish community is largely concentrated in the city of Ramla. Sharing their heritage with the Indian Jews in Israel, the country's Pakistani Jews are mainly identified as having belonged to the Bene Israel, a community of the Jewish diaspora that coalesced in northern India.

History

Records cite that major Pakistani Jewish migration to Israel occurred in the 1960s and 1970s from India, where many Jewish refugees from Pakistan eventually settled during the independence period. Magain Shalome, built by Solomon David Umerdekar and his son Gershone Solomon, Karachi's last synagogue, was demolished in 1988 to make way for a shopping plaza. Most of the Karachi Jews now live in Ramla and Lod, Israel, Toronto, Canada, Mumbai, India and in several states in the United States and built a synagogue they named Magen Shalome.

Jewish immigrants from Pakistan have served with distinction in the Israel Defense Forces and helped revive the game of cricket in Israel.

The Israeli authors, Yoel Reuben (Satamkar) and Eliaz Reuben-Dandeker are of Bene-Israel of Karachi descent.

Further reading

  • Reuben (Satamkar), Yoel (2010). The Jews of Pakistan-A forgotten heritage. Bene Israel heritage museum and genealogical research centre.
  • Reuben-Dandeker, Eliaz (2018). So, what's your Kar-A journey into unknown India & Pakistan. Or Akiva: Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House.
  • Reuben-Dandeker, Eliaz (2019). The guide for the Bene Israel of India-culture, history and customs. Or Akiva: Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House.
  • Reuben-Dandeker, Eliaz (2020). The Jammaat-Inspiring people of the Bene Israel of India community. Or Akiva: Kammodan Mocadem Publishing House.

See also

References

  1. Salman, Peerzada (Nov 3, 2013). "Role of Jews in Karachi's uplift highlighted". Dawn. Retrieved 17 January 2017. When in 1948 Israel came into being a lot of Jews migrated to Israel, and after the Arab-Israel war a majority of them left the city.
  2. Jewish Virtual Library - Pakistan
  3. Cricket in Israel

External links

Israeli Jews by geographic origin in the Jewish diaspora
Ashkenazi Jews
Mizrahi Jews
Sephardi Jews
Other Jewish groups
Non-Jewish groups (with Jewish minorities)
Related topics
  Jews and Judaism in Pakistan  
History
Groups
People
Politics
Former synagogues
Other
Categories: