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{{short description|American gay rights and AIDS activist (born 1941)}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = | honorific_prefix =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|06|26}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|06|26}}
| birth_place = ] in ], US | birth_place = ] in ], US
|education = {{ubl|] {{small|(BS)}}|] {{small|(MS)}}}} |education = {{ubl|] (BS)|] (MS)}}
| known_for = ] and ] activism | known_for = ] and ] activism
}} }}
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Virginia Apuzzo was born in the ] in ] on June 26, 1941. Her parents were both working-class Italians; her father owned a gas station and her mother worked at various times as a waitress, factory worker, and salesperson.<ref name=":0" /> Virginia Apuzzo was born in the ] in ] on June 26, 1941. Her parents were both working-class Italians; her father owned a gas station and her mother worked at various times as a waitress, factory worker, and salesperson.<ref name=":0" />


Apuzzo attended Catholic high school. She enrolled at the ], and graduated in 1963 with a ] in History and Education. In the 1960s, she became a teacher and ] of the Social Studies Department at the Marlboro Central School District in ], New York.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gay & Lesbian Biography|last=|first=|publisher=St. James Press|year=1997|isbn=978-1558622371|editor-last=Tyrkus|editor-first=Michael J.|location=|pages=|editor-last2=Bronski|editor-first2=Michael}}</ref> Apuzzo attended Catholic high school. She enrolled at the ], and graduated in 1963 with a ] in History and Education. In the 1960s, she became a teacher and ] of the Social Studies Department at the Marlboro Central School District in ], New York.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gay & Lesbian Biography|publisher=St. James Press|year=1997|isbn=978-1558622371|editor-last=Tyrkus|editor-first=Michael J.|editor-last2=Bronski|editor-first2=Michael|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/gaylesbianbiogra0000unse}}</ref>


When Apuzzo was 26, she became a ] at the Sisters of Charity, a ] in the Bronx.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://sdgln.com/causes/2016/10/03/meet-lgbt-history-month-icons-virginia-apuzzo-josephine-baker-and-xavier-bettel|title=Meet LGBT History Month icons Virginia Apuzzo, Josephine Baker, and Xavier Bettel|last=|first=|date=October 3, 2016|work=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News|access-date=June 9, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref> By this time, she knew she was a lesbian. She later recounted her experience, saying "I tried to play by the rules. I thought I'd have to live my life with this deep dark secret."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/stonewall-participants/|title=Stonewall Uprising: Meet the Participants|last=|first=|date=|website=PBS|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> She also said, "I stayed three years searching for answers to fundamental questions... I thought of my religious life as temporary. I didn't know whether it would take one year or twenty years to explore the morality of my homosexual identity."<ref name=":0" /> She continued to teach during her time at the convent, both at ] in New York City and at the ] in ], New York. Apuzzo left the convent in 1969, days after the ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> She began teaching education at ] of the ]. She was later awarded ], and continued teaching there until 1986.<ref name=":0" /> When Apuzzo was 26, she became a ] at the Sisters of Charity, a ] in the Bronx.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=October 3, 2016 |title=Meet LGBT History Month icons Virginia Apuzzo, Josephine Baker, and Xavier Bettel |work=San Diego Gay and Lesbian News |url=http://sdgln.com/causes/2016/10/03/meet-lgbt-history-month-icons-virginia-apuzzo-josephine-baker-and-xavier-bettel |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004153906/https://sdgln.com/causes/2016/10/03/meet-lgbt-history-month-icons-virginia-apuzzo-josephine-baker-and-xavier-bettel |archive-date=October 4, 2016}}</ref> By this time, she knew she was a lesbian. She later recounted her experience, saying "I tried to play by the rules. I thought I'd have to live my life with this deep dark secret."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/stonewall-participants/|title=Stonewall Uprising: Meet the Participants|website=PBS|language=en|access-date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> She also said, "I stayed three years searching for answers to fundamental questions... I thought of my religious life as temporary. I didn't know whether it would take one year or twenty years to explore the morality of my homosexual identity."<ref name=":0" /> She continued to teach during her time at the convent, both at ] in Manhattan and at the ] in the ] neighborhood of the Bronx. Apuzzo left the convent in 1969, days after the ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> She began teaching education at ] of the ]. She was later awarded ], and continued teaching there until 1986.<ref name=":0" />


== Political career and activism == == Political career and activism ==
During the 1970s, Apuzzo became a member of the Coordinating Committee of the Manhattan Women's Political Caucus. In 1973 she earned a ] in Urban Education from ], and began studying towards her ] in the same subject the next year.<ref name=":0" /> In 1978 she cofounded the Lambda Independent Democrats.<ref name=":1" /> That same year she tried to get elected to the ], but was unsuccessful.<ref name=":0" /> By 1979, Apuzzo took a leave of absence from Brooklyn College to serve as the assistant commissioner for operations in the ]. During her time at the Department of Health, she became a strong advocate for people with AIDS. She created a ] to educate and provide resources about AIDS, and she testified at the first ] on AIDS where she criticized the government, saying the response to the virus was insufficient.<ref name=":1" /> During the 1970s, Apuzzo became a member of the Coordinating Committee of the Manhattan Women's Political Caucus. In 1973 she earned a ] in Urban Education from ], and began studying towards her ] in the same subject the next year.<ref name=":0" /> In 1978 she co-founded the Lambda Independent Democrats.<ref name=":1" /> That same year she tried to get elected to the ] but was unsuccessful.<ref name=":0" /> By 1979, Apuzzo took a leave of absence from Brooklyn College to serve as the assistant commissioner for operations in the ]. During her time at the Department of Health, she became a strong advocate for people with AIDS. She created a ] to educate and provide resources about AIDS, and she testified at the first ] on AIDS where she criticized the government, saying the response to the virus was insufficient.<ref name=":1" />


During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Apuzzo became a frequent lecturer on civil rights at schools including ], ], ], and ]. She also was a guest on television shows including ], ], ], ], and the ].<ref name=":0" /> During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Apuzzo became a frequent lecturer on civil rights at schools including ], ], ], and ]. She also was a guest on television shows including '']'', ], '']'', ], and the ].<ref name=":0" />


Apuzzo joined the National LGBTQ Task Force (then called the National Gay Task Force), and went on to serve as executive director from 1983–1985.<ref name=":0" /> In 1980 she became a delegate to the ] when she co-authored the first gay and lesbian civil rights&nbsp;portion of the ] ]. She was one of few openly gay delegates at that time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She and her partner joined the Women’s Caucus, a branch of the National LGBTQ Task Force. They began to work towards lesbian rights, challenging popular feminists who they felt were not accepting of lesbians within the feminist movement.<ref name=":1" /> Apuzzo joined the National LGBTQ Task Force (then called the National Gay Task Force), and went on to serve as executive director from 1983 to 1985.<ref name=":0" /> In 1980 she became a delegate to the ] when she co-authored the first gay and lesbian civil rights&nbsp;portion of the ] ]. She was one of few openly gay delegates at that time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She and her partner joined the Women's Caucus, a branch of the National LGBTQ Task Force. They began to work towards lesbian rights, challenging popular feminists who they felt were not accepting of lesbians within the feminist movement.<ref name=":1" />


In 1984, New York Governor ] appointed Apuzzo to a panel investigating potential discrimination against gay people with regards to state employment, services, and benefits.<ref name=":0" /> In 1985 he made Apuzzo executive deputy of the New York State Consumer Protection Board (where she served until 1989)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> and the vice chair&nbsp;of the New York State AIDS Advisory Council (where she served until 1996).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> During this time she confronted pharmaceutical companies over the increasing costs of AIDS medication, began investigations into products that were fraudulently marketed as AIDS cures, and worked to draft new insurance policies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In 1984, New York Governor ] appointed Apuzzo to a panel investigating potential discrimination against gay people with regards to state employment, services, and benefits.<ref name=":0" /> In 1985 he made Apuzzo executive deputy of the New York State Consumer Protection Board (where she served until 1989)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> and the vice chair&nbsp;of the New York State AIDS Advisory Council (where she served until 1996).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> During this time she confronted pharmaceutical companies over the increasing costs of AIDS medication, began investigations into products that were fraudulently marketed as AIDS cures, and worked to draft new insurance policies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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Apuzzo served as the President of the New York State Civil Service Commission and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Civil Service before becoming the Associate Deputy Secretary of Labor at the United States Department of Labor in 1996.<ref name=":3">{{Cite press release|title=President Clinton Names Virginia M. Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration|date=October 1, 1997|publisher=The White House|url=https://clinton6.nara.gov/1997/10/1997-10-01-apuzzo-named-asst-to-president-for-mgmt-and-admin.html}}</ref> In 1997, President ] appointed Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration.<ref name=":1" /> This made her the most senior openly gay person in the Clinton administration.<ref name=":2" /> Apuzzo served as the President of the New York State Civil Service Commission and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Civil Service before becoming the Associate Deputy Secretary of Labor at the United States Department of Labor in 1996.<ref name=":3">{{Cite press release|title=President Clinton Names Virginia M. Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration|date=October 1, 1997|publisher=The White House|url=https://clinton6.nara.gov/1997/10/1997-10-01-apuzzo-named-asst-to-president-for-mgmt-and-admin.html}}</ref> In 1997, President ] appointed Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration.<ref name=":1" /> This made her the most senior openly gay person in the Clinton administration.<ref name=":2" />

In 2005, she was one of the founders of the ] which opened in 2007 in ].<ref name=Smith>{{Cite web| title = Collection: Virginia Apuzzo papers {{!}} Smith College Finding Aids| access-date = 2020-05-20| url = https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/938}} {{Cc-notice|cc=by3}}</ref>


In 2007, the Governor of New York ] appointed Apuzzo to the&nbsp;Commission on Public Integrity. She worked in this role until her retirement.<ref name=":1" /> In 2007, the Governor of New York ] appointed Apuzzo to the&nbsp;Commission on Public Integrity. She worked in this role until her retirement.<ref name=":1" />


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
*
* , , Smith College.
* at the ], Smith College


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Latest revision as of 21:24, 24 September 2024

American gay rights and AIDS activist (born 1941)
Virginia Apuzzo
Born (1941-06-26) June 26, 1941 (age 83)
The Bronx in New York City, US
Education
Known forGay rights and AIDS activism

Virginia "Ginny" Apuzzo (born June 26, 1941) is an American gay rights and AIDS activist. She is a former executive director of the National LGBTQ Task Force. She served as executive deputy of the New York State Consumer Protection Board and as the vice chair of the New York State AIDS Advisory Council. She was also President of the New York State Civil Service Commission and Commissioner of the New York State Department of Civil Service. In 1996, she became the Associate Deputy Secretary of Labor at the United States Department of Labor, and in 1997 she became the Assistant to the President for Management and Administration under the Clinton administration. In 2007, she began serving on the Commission on Public Integrity, where she worked until her retirement.

Early life and education

Virginia Apuzzo was born in the Bronx in New York City on June 26, 1941. Her parents were both working-class Italians; her father owned a gas station and her mother worked at various times as a waitress, factory worker, and salesperson.

Apuzzo attended Catholic high school. She enrolled at the State University of New York at New Paltz, and graduated in 1963 with a Bachelor of Science in History and Education. In the 1960s, she became a teacher and chair of the Social Studies Department at the Marlboro Central School District in Marlboro, New York.

When Apuzzo was 26, she became a nun at the Sisters of Charity, a convent in the Bronx. By this time, she knew she was a lesbian. She later recounted her experience, saying "I tried to play by the rules. I thought I'd have to live my life with this deep dark secret." She also said, "I stayed three years searching for answers to fundamental questions... I thought of my religious life as temporary. I didn't know whether it would take one year or twenty years to explore the morality of my homosexual identity." She continued to teach during her time at the convent, both at Cathedral High School in Manhattan and at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx. Apuzzo left the convent in 1969, days after the Stonewall riots. She began teaching education at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. She was later awarded tenure, and continued teaching there until 1986.

Political career and activism

During the 1970s, Apuzzo became a member of the Coordinating Committee of the Manhattan Women's Political Caucus. In 1973 she earned a Master of Science in Urban Education from Fordham University, and began studying towards her Doctor of Education in the same subject the next year. In 1978 she co-founded the Lambda Independent Democrats. That same year she tried to get elected to the New York State Assembly but was unsuccessful. By 1979, Apuzzo took a leave of absence from Brooklyn College to serve as the assistant commissioner for operations in the New York City Department of Health. During her time at the Department of Health, she became a strong advocate for people with AIDS. She created a telephone hotline to educate and provide resources about AIDS, and she testified at the first congressional hearing on AIDS where she criticized the government, saying the response to the virus was insufficient.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Apuzzo became a frequent lecturer on civil rights at schools including Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and Columbia. She also was a guest on television shows including Nightline, The MacNeil-Lehrer Report, CBS Morning News, 20/20, and the Phil Donahue Show.

Apuzzo joined the National LGBTQ Task Force (then called the National Gay Task Force), and went on to serve as executive director from 1983 to 1985. In 1980 she became a delegate to the Democratic National Convention when she co-authored the first gay and lesbian civil rights portion of the Democratic party platform. She was one of few openly gay delegates at that time. She and her partner joined the Women's Caucus, a branch of the National LGBTQ Task Force. They began to work towards lesbian rights, challenging popular feminists who they felt were not accepting of lesbians within the feminist movement.

In 1984, New York Governor Mario Cuomo appointed Apuzzo to a panel investigating potential discrimination against gay people with regards to state employment, services, and benefits. In 1985 he made Apuzzo executive deputy of the New York State Consumer Protection Board (where she served until 1989) and the vice chair of the New York State AIDS Advisory Council (where she served until 1996). During this time she confronted pharmaceutical companies over the increasing costs of AIDS medication, began investigations into products that were fraudulently marketed as AIDS cures, and worked to draft new insurance policies.

In 1988, Apuzzo was awarded an honorary Doctor of Law by Queens College, City University of New York.

Apuzzo served as the President of the New York State Civil Service Commission and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Civil Service before becoming the Associate Deputy Secretary of Labor at the United States Department of Labor in 1996. In 1997, President Bill Clinton appointed Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration. This made her the most senior openly gay person in the Clinton administration.

In 2005, she was one of the founders of the Hudson Valley LGBTQ Community Center which opened in 2007 in Kingston, New York.

In 2007, the Governor of New York Eliot Spitzer appointed Apuzzo to the Commission on Public Integrity. She worked in this role until her retirement.

References

  1. ^ Tyrkus, Michael J.; Bronski, Michael, eds. (1997). Gay & Lesbian Biography. St. James Press. ISBN 978-1558622371.
  2. ^ "Meet LGBT History Month icons Virginia Apuzzo, Josephine Baker, and Xavier Bettel". San Diego Gay and Lesbian News. October 3, 2016. Archived from the original on October 4, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  3. ^ "Stonewall Uprising: Meet the Participants". PBS. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  4. ^ "President Clinton Names Virginia M. Apuzzo as Assistant to the President for Management and Administration" (Press release). The White House. October 1, 1997.
  5. "Collection: Virginia Apuzzo papers | Smith College Finding Aids". Retrieved 2020-05-20.  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

External links

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