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			{{Short description\|Albanian politician and one of the leaders of the League of Prizren}}
	'''Ali-paša Šabanagić''' (1828 - 1888) was a military leader who ruled over an area in eastern ]. He was more commonly known as ''Ali-paša Gusinjski''.
			{{Other uses\|Ali Pasha (disambiguation)}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}
			{{Infobox military person
			\| honorific_prefix =
			\| name = Ali Pasha of Gusinje
			\| honorific_suffix =
			\| native_name =
			\| native_name_lang =
			\| image = Ali Pasha of Gusinje 2022 stamp of Albania.jpg
			\| image_size =
			\| alt =
			\| caption = Ali Pasha of Gusinje on a 2022 stamp of Albania.jpg
			\| birth_date = 1828
			\| death_date = 5 March 1888 (aged 59–60)
			\| birth_place = ], ] ({{small\|present-day ], ]}})
			\| death_place = ], Ottoman Empire ({{small\|present-day ], ]}})
			\| placeofburial = ], ]
			\| placeofburial_label =
			\| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord\|LAT\|LONG\|display=inline,title}} -->
			\| nickname =
			\| birth_name = Ali Hasan Shabanagaj
			\| allegiance = {{flag\|Ottoman Empire}}<br />] (1878–1881)
			\| branch =
			\| serviceyears = 1845–1888
			\| rank =
			* '']'' of Gusinje (1845–?)
			* '']'' of the ] (1881–?)
			* '']'' (1881–?)
			\| servicenumber = <!-- Do not use data from primary sources such as service records -->
			\| unit =
			\| commands =
			\| battles = ]
			\| battles_label =
			\| awards =
			\| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
			\| relations =
			\| laterwork =
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			\| memorials =
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			'''Ali Pasha Shabanagaj''' (1828 – 5 March 1888) was an ] military commander and one of the leaders of the ].<ref name="Vlora1973">{{cite book\|author=Ekrem Vlora\|title=Lebenserinnerungen: 1912 bis 1925\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnsITEI0l4IC&pg=PA288\|year=1973\|publisher=Oldenbourg Verlag\|isbn=978-3-486-47571-5\|pages=288–}}</ref> He governed, as an ] ''kaymakam'' (sub-governor), an area in what is today eastern ] around ] and ]. He was commonly known as '''Ali Pasha of Gusinje''' ({{langx\|tr\|Gusinyeli Ali Paşa}}, {{langx\|sq\|Ali Pashë Gucia}}).<ref name="Gawrych45"/><ref name="MaletićBerisha1973">{{cite book\|author1=Mihailo Maletić\|author2=Anton Berisha\|title=Kosovo nekad i danas\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VUcKAQAAIAAJ\|year=1973\|publisher=Borba-Radna jedinica ekonomiska politika}}</ref> He was the leader of the Albanian irregular troops of the League of Prizren against the ] at the ]. He was governor of the area of ] and ] located in a valley between steep mountains.

	==Biography==		==Biography==
			Ali Pasha was born in an ] ] family in 1828 in ], to landowner Hasan Pasha Shabanagaj.<ref name="Elsie2012">{{cite book\|author=Robert Elsie\|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&pg=PA183\|date=2012-12-24\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|isbn=978-1-78076-431-3\|page=183\|quote=born into the Shabanagaj family}}</ref> The Shabanagaj were from the ] tribe (''fis'') and were related via marriage with the ] of ]. Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of ], ] of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690.{{sfn\|Dedushaj\|1993\|p=53}} The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in ]. He finished Turkish-language school in ] in ] and military school in ]. In 1845 Ali was appointed as '']'' (sub-governor) of Gusinje, succeeding his father on this position.<ref name="Elsie2012"/><ref name="Чупић1898">{{cite book\|last=Чупић\|first=Никола\|title=Годишњица Николе Чупића\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGc6AQAAIAAJ\|year=1898\|publisher=Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије.\|page=132}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Folklore macédonien\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ignaAAAAMAAJ\|year=1980\|publisher=Institut za folklor\|page=65\|quote=Али-паша Гусињски (Гусиња), понапрежен кајмакам и земјопосед- ник во Гусиње, а во ...}}</ref> In the 1860s he supported the uprising of northern Albanian Muslim tribes against ] which reduced their privileged status.<ref name="Elsie2012"/>
	Ali-beg Šabanagić was born in ] in ], ] to Hasan-beg Šabanagić. He finished military school in ].

			The ] was established with Ottoman support in 1878, after the ] decided to cede the towns of Plav and Gusinje, which were notably Muslim Albanian-inhabited, to the ]. Ali Pasha, whose lands were part of the proposed cessations to Montenegro hosted a gathering of local Albanian leaders and mobilized Albanians of the area into a military force to resist and prevent territorial losses.<ref name="Gawrych45">{{harvnb\|Gawrych\|2006\|p=45.}}</ref> He became one of League's founders and military commanders in the region of Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="Skendi35">{{harvnb\|Skendi\|1967\|p=35.}}</ref><ref name="Gawrych62"/> He was one of the commanders of irregulars mobilized by the League having assembled some 10,000–20,000 Albanian men and defeated Montenegrin troops in the ] with his forces bringing back some sixty heads to Gusinje.<ref name="Gawrych62"/><ref name="Skendi376194">{{cite book\|last=Skendi\|first=Stavro\|title=The Albanian national awakening\|year=1967\|location=Princeton\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Ali+Pasha+Gucija&pg=PR15\|isbn=9781400847761\|pages=37, 61, 94}}</ref> He later used his forces against the ]. In the early phases of the ] he commanded the volunteer troops that blocked the routes from ] to the Ottoman-Montenegrin border.
			He was also the leader of the Albanian troops of the ] against the ] at the ].<ref>{{cite book\|title=Zeitschrift für Balkanologie\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLIWAQAAMAAJ&q=Nokshiq%29+vom+4.+Dezember+1879+endete+mit+einem+Sieg+der+Albanischen+Liga+%3B+die+Montenegriner+mu%C3%9Ften+sich+zur%C3%BCckziehen.\|year=1983\|publisher=R. Trofenik\|page=140}}</ref>

			After the irregulars of the League of Prizren were crushed by the Ottomans in 1881, Ali Pasha of Gusinje was arrested.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year ...\|volume=9\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6gYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA764\|year=1885\|publisher=D. Appleton & Company\|pages=764–}}</ref> He was released after the Sultan gave general amnesty. Ali Pasha was appointed to the position of ] of the Ottoman ] because he did not object the Ottoman rule and maintained a close connection with the Porte throughout the conflict being more concerned to prevent Montenegro to capture Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="Gawrych81"/> The Ottoman state also gave him forestland for his defense of Gusinje against the Montenegrins and later Ali Pasha sent some Albanian youths from the region for training and service in the place guard of sultan Abdulhamid II.<ref name="Gawrych81">{{cite book\|last=Gawrych\|first=George\|title=The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913\|year=2006\|location=London\|publisher=IB Tauris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC&q=Gusinyeli\|isbn=9781845112875\|pages=81}}</ref> In 1881, during his visit to Istanbul, he was promoted to the rank of ].<ref name="Mikić1988">{{cite book\|last=Mikić\|first=Đorđe\|title=Društvene i ekonomske prilike kosovskih srba u XIX i početkom XX veka\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re0JAQAAIAAJ\|year=1988\|publisher=Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti\|page=25\|isbn=9788670250772\|quote= Тако је вођ скадароког крила Лигиних снага Али-паша Гусињски, боравећи V Царнгр^лу 1881. годнне, добио чин беглербега}}</ref>

			== Death ==
			An attempt to assassinate Ali Pasha was undertaken in the ] on 29 November 1887,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last1=Bexheti\|first1=Nuri\|last2=Islamaj\|first2=Selver\|date=2018 \|title=Situata politike dhe përshtypjet e të huajve mbi Vilajetin e Kosovës gjatë viteve 1880-a.\|url=https://www.academia.edu/38559884\|journal=Revista Kosova\|language=sq\|publisher=Instituti i Historisë – Prishtinë\|location=Prishtina\|volume=43\|pages=59–60}}</ref> organized by Albanian nationalist ], which he survived but died on 5 March 1888.<ref name=":0" /> The assassination was carried out by Adem Guska.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Politisches Archiv XXXVIII, Karton 263, Prizren report from 5 December 1887, p 4-5, also HHStA, PA XXXVIII, Karton 270, Prizren report from 5 March 1888, p 7, and report from 16 March 1888, p 5.</ref>

			==Lahuta e Malcis==
	He declared war against Montenegro in 1879. He defeated the Montenegrins at Nokšić on December, 1879 and at Murino on ], 1880.
			The exploits of Ali Pasha of Gusinje presented material for myth making and in the Albanian national epic poem '']'' ({{langx\|en\|Highland Lute}}) he is presented as a ''blazing hero'' and is the central figure of the 8th ] and one of the important figures of the 9th canto.<ref name="els">{{cite book\|last=Fishta\|first=Gjergj\|author2=Robert Elsie \|author3=Janice Mathie-Heck \|others=Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England)\|title=The highland lute: (Lahuta e malcís) : the Albanian national epic\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|year=2005\|pages=65–73\|isbn=1-84511-118-4\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7tLgANw8hAC}}</ref><ref name="Gawrych62">{{harvnb\|Gawrych\|2006\|p=62.}}</ref>

			==Sources==
	The next year, Ali-beg was named the Sandžak-beg of the newly-formed Sandžak of Peć. After this, he gained the title of pasha from the Sultan and was then on called Ali-paša Gusinjski. Bećir Sidki-beg was installed in his place.
			===References===
			{{Reflist}}

			===Bibliography===
	In 1888, Ali-paša was assasinated at the entrance of Rugovska Klisura, close to the ]. The assassin was Mehmed Ramin Rugovac. His assassination was linked to his involvement
			*{{cite book \|last1=Dedushaj \|first1=Rexhep \|title=Krahina e Plavë-Gucisë nëpër shekuj \|date=1993 \|publisher=New York \|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/200402276/Krahina-e-Plave-e-Gucis-Neper-Shekuj }}
	with the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and to his links to Vaso Pelagić.

			{{Authority control}}{{Sandžak Albanians}}
	{{montenegro-stub}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Pasha of Gusinje}}
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Latest revision as of 06:11, 26 October 2024

Albanian politician and one of the leaders of the League of Prizren For other uses, see Ali Pasha (disambiguation).

Ali Pasha of Gusinje
Ali Pasha of Gusinje on a 2022 stamp of Albania.jpg
Birth name	Ali Hasan Shabanagaj
Born	1828 Gusna, Ottoman Empire (present-day Gusinje, Montenegro)
Died	5 March 1888 (aged 59–60) İpek, Ottoman Empire (present-day Peja, Kosovo)
Buried	Peja, Kosovo
Allegiance	Ottoman Empire League of Prizren (1878–1881)
Years of service	1845–1888
Rank	kaymakam of Gusinje (1845–?) mutesarrif of the Sanjak of İpek (1881–?) beylerbey (1881–?)
Battles / wars	Battle of Novšiće

Ali Pasha Shabanagaj (1828 – 5 March 1888) was an Albanian military commander and one of the leaders of the League of Prizren. He governed, as an Ottoman kaymakam (sub-governor), an area in what is today eastern Montenegro around Plav and Gusinje. He was commonly known as Ali Pasha of Gusinje (Turkish: Gusinyeli Ali Paşa, Albanian: Ali Pashë Gucia). He was the leader of the Albanian irregular troops of the League of Prizren against the Principality of Montenegro at the Battle of Novšiće. He was governor of the area of Plav and Gusinje located in a valley between steep mountains.

Biography

Ali Pasha was born in an Albanian Muslim family in 1828 in Gusinje, to landowner Hasan Pasha Shabanagaj. The Shabanagaj were from the Gruemiri tribe (fis) and were related via marriage with the Bushati family of Shkodra. Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of Sulejman Pasha Bushati, sanjakbey of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690. The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in Berane. He finished Turkish-language school in medresa in Peja and military school in Istanbul. In 1845 Ali was appointed as kaymakam (sub-governor) of Gusinje, succeeding his father on this position. In the 1860s he supported the uprising of northern Albanian Muslim tribes against Tanzimat reforms which reduced their privileged status.

The League of Prizren was established with Ottoman support in 1878, after the Congress of Berlin decided to cede the towns of Plav and Gusinje, which were notably Muslim Albanian-inhabited, to the Principality of Montenegro. Ali Pasha, whose lands were part of the proposed cessations to Montenegro hosted a gathering of local Albanian leaders and mobilized Albanians of the area into a military force to resist and prevent territorial losses. He became one of League's founders and military commanders in the region of Plav and Gusinje. He was one of the commanders of irregulars mobilized by the League having assembled some 10,000–20,000 Albanian men and defeated Montenegrin troops in the Battle of Novšiće with his forces bringing back some sixty heads to Gusinje. He later used his forces against the Ottoman Empire. In the early phases of the attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha he commanded the volunteer troops that blocked the routes from Gjakova to the Ottoman-Montenegrin border. He was also the leader of the Albanian troops of the League of Prizren against the Principality of Montenegro at the Battle of Novšiće.

After the irregulars of the League of Prizren were crushed by the Ottomans in 1881, Ali Pasha of Gusinje was arrested. He was released after the Sultan gave general amnesty. Ali Pasha was appointed to the position of mutesarrif of the Ottoman Sanjak of İpek because he did not object the Ottoman rule and maintained a close connection with the Porte throughout the conflict being more concerned to prevent Montenegro to capture Plav and Gusinje. The Ottoman state also gave him forestland for his defense of Gusinje against the Montenegrins and later Ali Pasha sent some Albanian youths from the region for training and service in the place guard of sultan Abdulhamid II. In 1881, during his visit to Istanbul, he was promoted to the rank of beylerbey.

Death

An attempt to assassinate Ali Pasha was undertaken in the Rugova Canyon on 29 November 1887, organized by Albanian nationalist Haxhi Zeka, which he survived but died on 5 March 1888. The assassination was carried out by Adem Guska.

Lahuta e Malcis

The exploits of Ali Pasha of Gusinje presented material for myth making and in the Albanian national epic poem Lahuta e Malcis (English: Highland Lute) he is presented as a blazing hero and is the central figure of the 8th canto and one of the important figures of the 9th canto.

Sources

References

Ekrem Vlora (1973). Lebenserinnerungen: 1912 bis 1925. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 288–. ISBN 978-3-486-47571-5.
^ Gawrych 2006, p. 45.
Mihailo Maletić; Anton Berisha (1973). Kosovo nekad i danas. Borba-Radna jedinica ekonomiska politika.
^ Robert Elsie (24 December 2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B.Tauris. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3. born into the Shabanagaj family
Dedushaj 1993, p. 53.
Чупић, Никола (1898). Годишњица Николе Чупића. Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије. p. 132.
Folklore macédonien. Institut za folklor. 1980. p. 65. Али-паша Гусињски (Гусиња), понапрежен кајмакам и земјопосед- ник во Гусиње, а во ...
Skendi 1967, p. 35.
^ Gawrych 2006, p. 62.
Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 37, 61, 94. ISBN 9781400847761.
Zeitschrift für Balkanologie. R. Trofenik. 1983. p. 140.
Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year ... Vol. 9. D. Appleton & Company. 1885. pp. 764–.
^ Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. London: IB Tauris. p. 81. ISBN 9781845112875.
Mikić, Đorđe (1988). Društvene i ekonomske prilike kosovskih srba u XIX i početkom XX veka. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. p. 25. ISBN 9788670250772. Тако је вођ скадароког крила Лигиних снага Али-паша Гусињски, боравећи V Царнгр^лу 1881. годнне, добио чин беглербега
^ Bexheti, Nuri; Islamaj, Selver (2018). "Situata politike dhe përshtypjet e të huajve mbi Vilajetin e Kosovës gjatë viteve 1880-a". Revista Kosova (in Albanian). 43. Prishtina: Instituti i Historisë – Prishtinë: 59–60.
Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Politisches Archiv XXXVIII, Karton 263, Prizren report from 5 December 1887, p 4-5, also HHStA, PA XXXVIII, Karton 270, Prizren report from 5 March 1888, p 7, and report from 16 March 1888, p 5.
Fishta, Gjergj; Robert Elsie; Janice Mathie-Heck (2005). The highland lute: (Lahuta e malcís) : the Albanian national epic. Centre for Albanian Studies (London, England). I.B.Tauris. pp. 65–73. ISBN 1-84511-118-4.

Bibliography

Dedushaj, Rexhep (1993). Krahina e Plavë-Gucisë nëpër shekuj [The region of Plav-Gusinje throughout the centuries]. New York.

Sandžak Albanians

History

Albanian tribes	Bukumiri Gashi Hoti Kastrati Kelmendi Krasniqi Kuči (Kuçi) Mataruge (Mataruga) Shala Shkreli Trieshi
Historical events	Sanjak of Novi Pazar League of Prizren Battles for Plav and Gusinje Kachaks Plav-Gusinje massacres (1912–13) Džemijet Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) German occupation of Albania Balli Kombetar Battle of Novi Pazar Battle of Suvodol Sandžak Muslim militia Vulnetari SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak

Culture

Music	Çifteli Gusle Kângë Kreshnikësh
Traditional clothing	Opinga Qeleshe Xhubleta

Settlements

Gusinje (Guci)	Gusinje (Guci) Dolja (Doli) Dosuđe (Dosugje) Grnčar (Gerçar) Kruševo (Krushevë) Martinovići (Martinaj) Višnjevo (Vishnjë) Vusanje (Vuthaj)
Plav (Plavë)	Plav (Plavë) Đurička Rijeka (Gjuriqi) Gornja Rženica (Zhanica) Hoti Prnjavor (Përnjavori) Vojno Selo (Vojosellë)
Rožaje (Rozhajë)	Rožaje (Rozhajë) Balotići (Ballotiqi) Bandžov (Boxhovi) Besnik Crnokrpe (Crnakrepë) Dacići (Dacaj) Ibarac (Dedinje) Koljeno (Kolena) Paučina (Pauçina) Plumci (Plluncaj) Vuča
Sjenica (Sjenicë)	Doliće (Doliqi) Pešter (Peshter) Ugao (Ugëll) Tuzinje
Tutin	Boroštica (Boroshticë) Dubovo Gornji Crniš Gradac (Gradaci) Koniče (Konicë) Leskova Melaje (Melajë) Lipica Raduša Paljevo

Notable people

Political and military	Aćif Hadžiahmetović (Aqif Blyta) Agan Koja Ahmet Daca Ahmet Zenel Gjonbalaj Ali Pasha of Gusinje (Ali Pashë Gucia) Bajram Balota Ismail Nikoçi Jakup Ferri Bilall Dreshaj Ajdin Draga Alija Gušanac Jusuf Mehonjić (Jusuf Mehonja) Shemsi Pasha Sulejman Pačariz (Sulejman Paqarizi) Osman Rastoder (Osman Rastoderi) Ćazim Sijarić (Qazim Sijariqi) Hasan Zvizdić (Hasan Zvizdiqi) Liri Berisha Fahrudin Radončić Qerim Sadiku
Sport	Amin Hot (Amin Hoti) Arijanet Muric (Arijanet Muriqi) Emrah Klimenta (Emrah Kelmendi) Ersid Ljuca (Ersid Lucaj) Ervin Kurti Sadri Gjonbalaj Sead Hakšabanović (Sead Hakaj)
Literature and art	Esad Mekuli Isa Qosja Jashar Rexhepagiq Rexhep Qosja Rexho Mulliqi Musë Prelvukaj Sadri Ahmeti Salih Uglla Peshteri Tahir Efendi Jakova Yahya bey Dukagjini (Jahja bej Dukagjini) Ćamil Sijarić (Qamil Sijariqi)
The names in parentheses are in Albanian.

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