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{{Infobox Palestinian Authority municipality {{Infobox settlement
|name=Rantis | name = Rantis
| translit_lang1 = Arabic
|image=File:Rantis9935.JPG
| translit_lang1_type = ]
|caption=Rantis
|arname=رنتيس | translit_lang1_info = رنتيس
| translit_lang1_type1 = ]
|meaning=Rentis, personal name<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. </ref>
| translit_lang1_info1 = Rantes (official)
|founded=
| type = ]
|type=mund
| image_skyline = File:Rantis9935.JPG
|typefrom=
| image_caption = Rantis
|altOffSp=Rantes
| pushpin_map = Palestine
|altUnoSp=
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Rantis within ]
|governorate=rb
| image_map =
|coordinates = {{coord|32|01|41|N|35|01|10|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption =
|palgrid=151/159
| coordinates = {{coord|32|01|41|N|35|01|10|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
|population=2,900
| grid_name = ]
|popyear=2006
| grid_position = 151/159
|area=11,046
| subdivision_type = State
|areakm=11.0
| subdivision_name = ]
|mayor=
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type = ]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = dunam
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 11.0
| area_total_dunam = 11046
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=] (PCBS) |publisher=] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total = 3179
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1 = Rentis, personal name<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. </ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}} }}

'''Rantis''' ({{lang-ar|<big>رنتيس</big>}}) is a ] town in the ], located in the northwestern ], 33 kilometers northwest of ]. According to the ], it had a population of 2,900 in mid-year 2006.<ref> ]</ref> Its population consists primarily of six clans: Danoun, Wahdan, Khallaf, Ballot, Dar Abo Salim, al-Ryahee and Hawashe.<ref name="ARIJ">
Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem. 2004-06-26.</ref> '''Rantis''' ({{langx|ar|رنتيس}}) is a ] town in the ], located in the northwestern ], 33 kilometers northwest of ]. According to the ], it had a population of 3,179 in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /> Its population consists primarily of six clans: Danoun, Wahdan, Khallaf, Ballot, Dar Abo Salim, al-Ryahee and Hawashe.<ref name="ARIJ"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414050308/http://www.poica.org/details.php?Article=331 |date=2016-04-14 }} Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem. 2004-06-26.</ref>


Rantis has a land area 11,046 ]s of which 589 dunams are built-up area.<ref name="ARIJ"/> The town's main economic sector is agriculture and 20% of its land area is planted with crops. There are two primary schools and two kindergartens. Other facilities include three clinics, a bus station, a club and two Rantis has a land area 11,046 ]s of which 589 dunams are built-up area.<ref name="ARIJ"/> The town's main economic sector is agriculture and 20% of its land area is planted with crops. There are two primary schools and two kindergartens. Other facilities include three clinics, a bus station, a club and two
]s.<ref name="ARIJ"/> ]s.<ref name="ARIJ"/>

==Location==
Rantis is located 22.2&nbsp;km northwest of ]. It is bordered by ] and ] land to the east, Al Lubban al Gharbi village land to the north, ] to the west and ] to the south.<ref>, ], p. 4</ref>

==Connection to Arimathea of the Gospels==
{{main|Arimathea}}
All the four ] mention ], the man who placed Christ's body in his own tomb.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew| 27:57}}; {{bibleverse|Mark| 15:43}}; {{bibleverse|Luke| 23:50-51}}; {{bibleverse|John| 19:38}}.</ref> Conflicting traditions urge{{clarify|date=December 2023}} Arimathea's location at modern Rantis, 15 miles east of ].<ref name=MDB>. ] - Jerusalem. {{Dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref>{{clarify |reason= One sourse, dead link, editor who introduced ref knew little about the topic (see "Studium Biblicum Francum" sic), and the dedicated article (not a great one, true) doesn't mention Rantis as an option. |date= December 2023}} A monastery dedicated to Joseph of Arimathea was erected there.{{when|date=December 2023}}<ref name=MDB/> Other suggestions for Arimathea include ] and ]-], 5 and 8 miles north of ], respectively.<ref name=MDB/>

Both ] and ] identify Arimathea with the birthplace of biblical prophet ].<ref name=MDB/> Strong ] traditions supporting this claim celebrated this place as the prophet's original home.<ref name=MDB/> In the 4th century, ] reported that his friend, ], visited the location.<ref name=MDB/>


==History== ==History==
===Prehistory===
In a nearby cave, flint artefacts have been found, possibly produced during the ] period, occasionally by the ].<ref>Lupu et al, 2009, </ref>
In a nearby cave, flint artefacts have been found, possibly produced during the ] period, occasionally by the ].<ref>Lupu et al, 2009, </ref>


===Iron Age to Byzantine period===
Each of the ] mention this town as ''Arimathea'' once, and always in association with ] — who placed Christ's body in his own tomb.<ref>Matt 27:57; Mark 15:43; Luke 23:50; John 19:38</ref> Both ] and ] identify Arimathea with the birthplace of ]. In the 4th century, ] reported that the ] visited this location. Strong traditions from the ] buttress this claim, celebrating this town as the prophet's original home. A monastery of Joseph of Arimathea was erected there. Conflicting traditions urge Arimathea's location at modern Rantis, 15 miles east of ]. Other suggestions for Arimathea include ] and ]-], 5 and 8 miles north of ], respectively.<ref> Studium Biblicum Francum - Jerusalem.</ref>
The SWP assumed the village was "ancient", as rock-cut tombs were found south-west of the village.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. </ref> The ] assumed the village was "ancient", as ] were found south-west of the village.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. </ref>


Archaeological excavation have uncovered ]s from the ] and ] era, in addition to remains of a road and a building from the ] era.<ref>Elisha, 2011, </ref> A building, probably dating to the ] era has also been excavated.<ref>Elisha, 2013, </ref> Archaeological excavation have uncovered ]s from the ] and ] period.<ref name=ESI11>Elisha, 2011, </ref>
===Crusader era===
During the ] era, it was known as ''Arimathia'', ''Arimatie'', ''Abarimatie'', and ''Rantis''.<ref name=Pringle199>Pringle, 1998, pp. -200</ref> By 1150, the ] were represented in Rentis with a house.<ref name=Pringle199/> In 1159-60 a church in the village was mentioned in Crusader sources.<ref name=Pringle199/><ref>de Roziére, 1849, pp. -133; pp. -135. Cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. -95, Nos 358, 360</ref>


In 145 BCE, Rentis, then known as ''Rathamin'', was cut off from ] and incorporated into ]. It served as a ]'s headquarters before ] took its position.<ref name="AY1976">{{Cite journal |last=Avi-Yonah |first=Michael |date=1976 |title=Gazetteer of Roman Palestine |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43587090 |journal=Qedem |volume=5 |pages=31 |jstor=43587090 |issn=0333-5844}}</ref>
In 1187 Rantis was conquered by ], and the Crusaders were never able to return.<ref name=Pringle199/>


Other archaeological finds include remains of a road and a building from the ] period.<ref name=ESI11/> A building, probably dating to the ] period, has also been excavated.<ref>Elisha, 2013, </ref>
===Ottoman era===
Rantis was incorporated into the ] in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the ] as being in the '']'' of Jabal Qubal of the '']'' of ]. It had a population of 20 households and 2 batchelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives, and a press for olives or grapes.<ref name=Hutteroth132>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 136</ref>


===Crusader period===
The French explorer ] visited the village in 1870, and found that it had 400 inhabitants, and that it was surrounded by olives and tobacco-plantations.<ref>Guérin, 1875, p. </ref>
During the ] period, it was known as ''Arimathia'', ''Arimatie'', ''Abarimatie'', and ''Rantis''.<ref name=Pringle199>Pringle, 1998, pp. -200</ref> By 1150, the ] were represented in Rentis with a house.<ref name=Pringle199/> In 1159–60, Crusader sources mention a church in the village.<ref name=Pringle199/><ref>de Roziére, 1849, pp. -133; pp. -135. Cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. -95, Nos 358, 360</ref>


] Rantis was conquered by ], and the Crusaders were never able to return despite the very fact that ] used to rule the area before being succeeded to ] at around 1153.<ref name=Pringle199/>
In 1882 the ]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described Rantis as a village, principally made of ], on a slope, surrounded by open ground and a few olives. Water was supplied by ]s. The SWP assumed the village was "ancient", as rock-cut tombs were found there.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. -287</ref>


===British Mandate era=== ===Ottoman period===
====16th century====
In a ] conducted in 1922 by the ], Rantis had a population of 824 inhabitants, all ]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. </ref> increasing in the ] to 954, still all Muslims, in a total of 213 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. .</ref>
Rantis was incorporated into the ] in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the ] as being in the '']'' of Jabal Qubal of the '']'' of ]. It had a population of 20 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives, and a ] or ]; a total of 2,500 ].<ref name=Hutteroth132>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 136</ref>


====19th century====
In ], the population was 1,280, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p30>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. </ref> while the total land area was 30,933 ]s, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> Of this, 1,299 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,341 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> while 30 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref>
In 1838, ] noted it as a village, ''Rentis'', in the ''Jurat Merda'' district, south of Nablus.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. </ref>


The French explorer ] visited the village in 1870, and found that it had 400 inhabitants, and that it was surrounded by olives and tobacco-plantations.<ref>Guérin, 1875, p. </ref>
===1948-1967===
In the wake of the ], and after the ], Rantis came under ]ian rule.


In 1870/71 (1288 ]), an Ottoman census listed the village in the '']'' (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=252}}</ref>
====Israeli raid====

On 28–29 January 1953 The ], estimated at 120 to 150 men, using 2-inch mortars, 3-inch mortars, P.I.A.T. (projectors, infantry, anti-tank) weapons, ] (long metal tubes containing an explosive charge), machine-guns, grenades and small arms, crossed the demarcation line and attacked the Jordanian villages of Falameh and Rantis. At Falameh the ] was killed, seven other villagers were wounded, and three houses were demolished. The attack lasted four and a half hours. Israel was condemned for this act by the ].<ref> Report of Major General ] Chief of Staff of the ]</ref>
In 1882, the ]'s '']'' (SWP) described Rantis as a village, principally made of ], on a slope, surrounded by open ground and a few olive trees. Water was supplied by ]s. The SWP assumed the village was "ancient", as rock-cut tombs were found there.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. -287</ref>

===British Mandate===
In the ] conducted by the ], Rantis had a population of 824 inhabitants, all ]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. </ref> increasing in the ] to 954, still all Muslims, in a total of 213 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. .</ref>

In the ], the population was of 1,280, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p30>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. </ref> while the total land area was 30,933 ]s, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> Of this, 1,299 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,341 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref> while 30 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref>

<gallery>
File:Rantis 1944.jpg|Rantis 1944 1:20,000
File:Deir Abu Mash'al 1945.jpg|Rantis 1945 1:250,000
</gallery>

===Jordanian period (1948-1967)===
In the wake of the ], and after the ], Rantis came under ].

====1953 Israeli raid====
A report by Major General ], Chief of Staff of the ], to the ] read:
<blockquote>On 28–29 January 1953 Israeli military forces estimated at 120 to 150 men, using 2-inch mortars, 3-inch mortars, ] (projectors, infantry, anti-tank) weapons, ]es (long metal tubes containing an explosive charge), machine-guns, grenades and small arms, crossed the demarcation line and attacked the Arab villages of ] and Rantis. At Falameh the ] was killed, seven other villagers were wounded, and three houses were demolished. The attack lasted four and a half hours. Israel was condemned for this act by the ].<ref>UNSC official records, Report of Major General Vagn Bennike to 630th Meeting held on 27 October 1953 </ref><ref></ref></blockquote>

====1961 population numbers====
In 1961, the population of Rantis was 1,539.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. </ref>


===Post-1967=== ===Post-1967===
After the ] in 1967, Rantis has been under ]. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 897, 27 of whom originated from Israeli territory.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=] |access-date=24 June 2016 }}</ref>
After the ] in 1967, Rantis has been under ]i occupation.

After the ], about 12% of the village land was classified as ], while the remainder 88% was classified as ]. According to ], Israel has confiscated village land to be used for bypass roads for ]s. The ] will extend for 4&nbsp;km on Rantis village land, and leave 1,815 dunams (16.6%) of the village land behind the barrier.<ref>, ], pp. 16-17</ref>


==References== ==References==
Line 63: Line 120:
==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}} *{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B.|title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Claude Reignier|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=]|volume=2}} *{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}} *{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
*{{cite journal|last= Elisha|first=Yossi|date= 2011-09-26 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1826&mag_id=118 |title=Rantis (Northwest)|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=123}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
*{{cite journal|last1= Elisha|first1=Yossi|date= 2011-09-26 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1826&mag_id=118 |title=Rantis (Northwest)|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=123}} *{{cite journal|last= Elisha|first=Yossi|date= 2013-12-08 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=5396&mag_id=120 |title=Rantis, Spot Height 211|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=125}}
*{{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I. | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}} (pp.&nbsp;179–181)
*{{cite journal|last1= Elisha|first1=Yossi|date= 2013-12-08 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=5396&mag_id=120 |title=Rantis, Spot Height 211|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=125}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, Israel | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}} (pp.&nbsp;179–181)
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=Victor|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=S.|last1=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal | last2=Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite journal|last1= Lupu|first1=Ronit, et.al.|date= 2009-07-29 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1165&mag_id=115 |title=Rantis Cave|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=121}}
*{{cite journal|last1= Lupu|first1=Ronit |display-authors=etal |date= 2009-07-29 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1165&mag_id=115 |title=Rantis Cave|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=121}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}} *{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=]}} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=]}}
*{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)|volume =II |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC|first=Denys|last=Pringle|year=1998|publisher=]|ISBN=0 521 39037 0}} *{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)|volume =II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC| last= Pringle |first= D.|author-link=Denys Pringle|year=1998|publisher=]|isbn=0-521-39037-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Rey|first=Emmanuel Guillaume |title=Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles|url=https://archive.org/details/lescoloniesfran00reygoog|year=1883|publisher=A. Picard|location=Paris|language=French}} (p. ) *{{cite book|last=Rey|first=E.G.|author-link=:fr:Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey |title=Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles|url=https://archive.org/details/lescoloniesfran00reygoog|year=1883|publisher=A. Picard|location=Paris|language=fr}} (p. )
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book|editor=de Rozière|title=Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican|url=https://archive.org/details/cartulairedelgl00jergoog|year=1849|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|location=Paris|language=Latin, French}}
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=Reinhold |authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}} *{{cite book|editor=de Rozière|title=Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican|url=https://archive.org/details/cartulairedelgl00jergoog|year=1849|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|location=Paris|language=la, fr}}
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 04:10, 28 October 2024

Municipality type D in Ramallah and al-Bireh, State of Palestine
Rantis
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicرنتيس
 • LatinRantes (official)
RantisRantis
Rantis is located in State of PalestineRantisRantisLocation of Rantis within Palestine
Coordinates: 32°01′41″N 35°01′10″E / 32.02806°N 35.01944°E / 32.02806; 35.01944
Palestine grid151/159
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateRamallah and al-Bireh
Government
 • TypeVillage council
Area
 • Total11,046 dunams (11.0 km or 4.2 sq mi)
Population
 • Total3,179
 • Density290/km (750/sq mi)
Name meaningRentis, personal name

Rantis (Arabic: رنتيس) is a Palestinian town in the West Bank, located in the northwestern Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, 33 kilometers northwest of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,179 in 2017. Its population consists primarily of six clans: Danoun, Wahdan, Khallaf, Ballot, Dar Abo Salim, al-Ryahee and Hawashe.

Rantis has a land area 11,046 dunams of which 589 dunams are built-up area. The town's main economic sector is agriculture and 20% of its land area is planted with crops. There are two primary schools and two kindergartens. Other facilities include three clinics, a bus station, a club and two mosques.

Location

Rantis is located 22.2 km northwest of Ramallah. It is bordered by Al Lubban al Gharbi and Abud land to the east, Al Lubban al Gharbi village land to the north, Israel to the west and Shuqba to the south.

Connection to Arimathea of the Gospels

Main article: Arimathea

All the four Gospels mention Joseph of Arimathea, the man who placed Christ's body in his own tomb. Conflicting traditions urge Arimathea's location at modern Rantis, 15 miles east of Jaffa. A monastery dedicated to Joseph of Arimathea was erected there. Other suggestions for Arimathea include ar-Ram and al-Bireh-Ramallah, 5 and 8 miles north of Jerusalem, respectively.

Both Eusebius and Jerome identify Arimathea with the birthplace of biblical prophet Samuel. Strong mediaeval traditions supporting this claim celebrated this place as the prophet's original home. In the 4th century, Jerome reported that his friend, Saint Paula, visited the location.

History

Prehistory

In a nearby cave, flint artefacts have been found, possibly produced during the Middle Paleolithic period, occasionally by the Levallois technique.

Iron Age to Byzantine period

The Survey of Western Palestine assumed the village was "ancient", as rock-cut tombs were found south-west of the village.

Archaeological excavation have uncovered sherds from the Iron Age and Persian period.

In 145 BCE, Rentis, then known as Rathamin, was cut off from Samaria and incorporated into Judaea. It served as a toparchy's headquarters before Thamna took its position.

Other archaeological finds include remains of a road and a building from the Roman period. A building, probably dating to the Byzantine period, has also been excavated.

Crusader period

During the Crusader period, it was known as Arimathia, Arimatie, Abarimatie, and Rantis. By 1150, the Premonstratensians were represented in Rentis with a house. In 1159–60, Crusader sources mention a church in the village.

In 1187 Rantis was conquered by Saladin, and the Crusaders were never able to return despite the very fact that Amalric of Jerusalem used to rule the area before being succeeded to Sidon at around 1153.

Ottoman period

16th century

Rantis was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 20 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives, and a wine- or olive press; a total of 2,500 Akçe.

19th century

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted it as a village, Rentis, in the Jurat Merda district, south of Nablus.

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870, and found that it had 400 inhabitants, and that it was surrounded by olives and tobacco-plantations.

In 1870/71 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Rantis as a village, principally made of adobe, on a slope, surrounded by open ground and a few olive trees. Water was supplied by cisterns. The SWP assumed the village was "ancient", as rock-cut tombs were found there.

British Mandate

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Rantis had a population of 824 inhabitants, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 954, still all Muslims, in a total of 213 houses.

In the 1945 statistics, the population was of 1,280, all Muslims, while the total land area was 30,933 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,299 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,341 for cereals, while 30 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.

  • Rantis 1944 1:20,000 Rantis 1944 1:20,000
  • Rantis 1945 1:250,000 Rantis 1945 1:250,000

Jordanian period (1948-1967)

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Rantis came under Jordanian rule.

1953 Israeli raid

A report by Major General Vagn Bennike, Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, to the United Nations Security Council read:

On 28–29 January 1953 Israeli military forces estimated at 120 to 150 men, using 2-inch mortars, 3-inch mortars, P.I.A.T. (projectors, infantry, anti-tank) weapons, bangalore torpedoes (long metal tubes containing an explosive charge), machine-guns, grenades and small arms, crossed the demarcation line and attacked the Arab villages of Falameh and Rantis. At Falameh the mukhtar was killed, seven other villagers were wounded, and three houses were demolished. The attack lasted four and a half hours. Israel was condemned for this act by the Mixed Armistice Commission.

1961 population numbers

In 1961, the population of Rantis was 1,539.

Post-1967

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Rantis has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 897, 27 of whom originated from Israeli territory.

After the 1995 accords, about 12% of the village land was classified as Area B, while the remainder 88% was classified as Area C. According to ARIJ, Israel has confiscated village land to be used for bypass roads for Israeli settlements. The Israeli West Bank barrier will extend for 4 km on Rantis village land, and leave 1,815 dunams (16.6%) of the village land behind the barrier.

References

  1. ^ Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 241
  3. ^ The Segregation Wall threatens the practice of territorial expansion in Rantis village Archived 2016-04-14 at the Wayback Machine Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem. 2004-06-26.
  4. Rantis Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 4
  5. Matthew 27:57; Mark 15:43; Luke 23:50–51; John 19:38.
  6. ^ Armathaim, also Arimathea - (Ranthis). Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem.
  7. Lupu et al, 2009, Rantis Cave
  8. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 367
  9. ^ Elisha, 2011, Rantis (Northwest)
  10. Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine". Qedem. 5: 31. ISSN 0333-5844. JSTOR 43587090.
  11. Elisha, 2013, Rantis, Spot Height 211
  12. ^ Pringle, 1998, pp. 199-200
  13. de Roziére, 1849, pp. 131-133; pp. 133-135. Cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. 94-95, Nos 358, 360
  14. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 136
  15. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 126
  16. Guérin, 1875, p. 113
  17. Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 252.
  18. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. 286-287
  19. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 22
  20. Mills, 1932, p. 22.
  21. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 30
  22. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 68
  23. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 117
  24. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 167
  25. UNSC official records, Report of Major General Vagn Bennike to 630th Meeting held on 27 October 1953 S/PV.630
  26. Attacks on West Bank village Qibya, Gaza Bureij camp – UNTSO report (Bennike), SecCo debate, SecGen statement – Verbatim record
  27. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
  28. Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  29. Rantis Village Profile, ARIJ, pp. 16-17

Bibliography

External links

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