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| {{short description|15th-century book}} | |||
| {{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| | name = Steganographia (book) | | name = Steganographia (book) | ||
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| | translator = | | translator = | ||
| | image = Trithemius-Johannes-Steganographia-Johannes-Saurius,-1608.-Digitized-photographic-reproduction-provided-by-the-Herzog-August-Bibliothek.jpg | | | image = Trithemius-Johannes-Steganographia-Johannes-Saurius,-1608.-Digitized-photographic-reproduction-provided-by-the-Herzog-August-Bibliothek.jpg | | ||
| | caption = |
| caption = ''Steganographia'' (1606). | ||
| | author = ] | | author = ] | ||
| | illustrator = | | illustrator = | ||
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| | followed_by = | | followed_by = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Steganographia''' is a book on ], written in c. 1499 by the |
'''''Steganographia''''' is a book on ], written in c. 1499 by the German ] abbot and polymath ]. | ||
| ==General== | ==General== | ||
| Trithemius' most famous work, ''Steganographia'' (written c. |
Trithemius' most famous work, ''Steganographia'' (written c.1499; published ], 1606), was placed on the '']'' in 1609<ref>{{cite book |title = Indice de Libros Prohibidos (1877) |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yq8XAAAAMAAJ&dq=index+librorum+prohibitorum+trithemius&pg=PA309 |language = Spanish |trans-title=Index of Prohibited Books of Pope Pius IX (1877) |accessdate = 2 August 2009 |publisher = Vatican|year = 1880 }}</ref> and removed in 1900.<ref>{{cite book |title = Index Librorum Prohibitorum (1900) |url = https://archive.org/details/indexlibrorumpr02unkngoog |quote = index librorum prohibitorum tricassinus. |page = |language = Latin |trans-title=Index of Prohibited Books of Pope Leo XIII (1900) |accessdate = 2 August 2009 |publisher = Vatican|year = 1900 }}</ref> This book is in three volumes, and appears to be about ]—specifically, about using spirits to communicate over long distances. However, since the publication of a decryption ] to the first two volumes in 1606, they were discovered to be actually concerned with ] and steganography. Until recently, the third volume was widely believed to be solely about magic, but the "magical" formulas have now been shown to be ]s for yet more material on cryptography.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reeds|first1=Jim|title=Solved: The ciphers in book III of Trithemius's Steganographia|journal=Cryptologia|date=1998|volume=22|issue=4|pages=191–317|doi=10.1080/0161-119891886948}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ernst|first1=Thomas|title=Schwarzweiße Magie: Der Schlüssel zum dritten Buch der Stenographia des Trithemius|journal=Daphnis: Zeitschrift für Mittlere Deutsche Literatur|date=1996|volume=25|issue=1|pages=1–205}}</ref> | ||
| ==Reception== | ==Reception== | ||
| References within the third book to magical works by such figures as ] and ] still lend credence to the idea of a mystic-magical foundation of the third volume.<ref>Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, ''The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction'' (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 50-55</ref><ref>Walker, D. P. ''Spiritual & Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella'' (Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003), pp. 86-90</ref> Additionally, while Trithemius's steganographic methods can be established to be free of the need for angelic–astrological mediation, an underlying theological motive for their contrivance remains. The preface to '']'' equally establishes the everyday practicability of cryptography, and was conceived by Trithemius as a "secular consequent of the ability of a soul specially empowered by God to reach, by magical means, from earth to Heaven".<ref>Brann, Noel L., "Trithemius, Johannes", in ''Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism'', ed. Wouter J. Hanegraff (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006), pp. 1135-1139.</ref> ] suggested, in the chapter o''f Dr. Dee's Book of Spirits'', that John Dee used Trithemian steganography to conceal his communication with ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xVTAAAAcAAJ|title=The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke|page=203|author=Robert Hooke|year=1705|publisher=Richard Waller, London}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:41, 4 December 2024
15th-century book Steganographia (1606). | |
| Author | Johannes Trithemius |
|---|---|
| Original title | Steganographia |
| Language | Latin |
| Genre | Cryptographic, steganography |
| Publication date | c. 1499 |
| Publication place | Germany |
| Published in English | N/A |
| Media type | Printed book |
| Preceded by | Steganography |
Steganographia is a book on steganography, written in c. 1499 by the German Benedictine abbot and polymath Johannes Trithemius.
General
Trithemius' most famous work, Steganographia (written c.1499; published Frankfurt, 1606), was placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum in 1609 and removed in 1900. This book is in three volumes, and appears to be about magic—specifically, about using spirits to communicate over long distances. However, since the publication of a decryption key to the first two volumes in 1606, they were discovered to be actually concerned with cryptography and steganography. Until recently, the third volume was widely believed to be solely about magic, but the "magical" formulas have now been shown to be covertexts for yet more material on cryptography.
Reception
References within the third book to magical works by such figures as Agrippa and John Dee still lend credence to the idea of a mystic-magical foundation of the third volume. Additionally, while Trithemius's steganographic methods can be established to be free of the need for angelic–astrological mediation, an underlying theological motive for their contrivance remains. The preface to Polygraphia equally establishes the everyday practicability of cryptography, and was conceived by Trithemius as a "secular consequent of the ability of a soul specially empowered by God to reach, by magical means, from earth to Heaven". Robert Hooke suggested, in the chapter of Dr. Dee's Book of Spirits, that John Dee used Trithemian steganography to conceal his communication with Queen Elizabeth I.
See also
References
- Indice de Libros Prohibidos (1877) [Index of Prohibited Books of Pope Pius IX (1877)] (in Spanish). Vatican. 1880. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- Index Librorum Prohibitorum (1900) [Index of Prohibited Books of Pope Leo XIII (1900)] (in Latin). Vatican. 1900. p. 298. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
index librorum prohibitorum tricassinus.
- Reeds, Jim (1998). "Solved: The ciphers in book III of Trithemius's Steganographia". Cryptologia. 22 (4): 191–317. doi:10.1080/0161-119891886948.
- Ernst, Thomas (1996). "Schwarzweiße Magie: Der Schlüssel zum dritten Buch der Stenographia des Trithemius". Daphnis: Zeitschrift für Mittlere Deutsche Literatur. 25 (1): 1–205.
- Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 50-55
- Walker, D. P. Spiritual & Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella (Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003), pp. 86-90
- Brann, Noel L., "Trithemius, Johannes", in Dictionary of Gnosis & Western Esotericism, ed. Wouter J. Hanegraff (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006), pp. 1135-1139.
- Robert Hooke (1705). The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke. Richard Waller, London. p. 203.
External links
- Steganographia in english (Trithemius.com)