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| {{short description|Patriotic Urdu poem}} | |||
| {{references}} | |||
| {{about|the Urdu poem|other use(s)}} | |||
| {{EngvarB|date= August 2014}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}} | |||
| {{Infobox poem | |||
| | name = ''Sare Jahan se Accha'' | |||
| | author = ] | |||
| | language = ] | |||
| | original_title = ''Taranah-e-Hindi'' | |||
| | original_title_lang = ur | |||
| | country = ] | |||
| | form = ] | |||
| | first = ''Ittehad'' | |||
| | publication_date = 16 August 1904 | |||
| | image = | |||
| | caption = | |||
| }} | |||
| ], then president of the ] in 1930 and address deliverer]] | |||
| The poem '''''Saare Jahan Se Achcha''''' was composed by the poet ] in ]/] while ] was under ]. Also known as '''''Tarana-e-Hindi''''', it was composed in the ] language book ]. It was written in the ] style, a form of ]. Iqbal was a lecturer at the ], ] at that time. He was invited by his favorite student ] to preside over a function. Instead of making a speech, Iqbal sang ''Saare Jahan Se Achcha'' with gusto. The poem is in praise of ] and preaches harmony between people of separate religious beliefs. Ironically,later in his life Iqbal changed his views completely and is generally credited with being one of the earliest proponents for a separate ] in the Muslim majority areas of the ]. One of the first formal articulations of this demand was made in his presidential address to the annual conference of the ] in ] in ]. | |||
| ] | |||
| Set to tune by the sitar maestro, ], the poem is sung on occasions of national importance. ''Sare Jahan Se Achcha'' enjoys the reputation as a popular ] in India. Unlike ] and ], both written in Sanskritized ], ''Sare Jahan Se Achcha'' was written in ]. | |||
| "'''Sare Jahan se Accha'''" (]: {{nastaliq|سارے جہاں سے اچھا}}; ''Sāre Jahāṉ se Acchā''), formally known as "'''Tarānah-e-Hindi'''" (Urdu: {{Nastaliq|ترانۂ ہندی}}, "Anthem of the People of ]"), is an ] language patriotic song for children written by poet ] in the ] style of ].{{efn|"'Taranah-e Hindi' (1904) was explicitly written as a patriotic song for children; Iqbal also composed a number of others meant for children, but this one has always been the most popular. This little ghazal ..."<ref name=pritchett/>}} The poem was published in the weekly journal ''Ittehad'' on 16 August 1904.<ref name=pritchett>Pritchett, Frances. 2000. Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> Publicly recited by Iqbal the following year at ], ] (now in ]) it quickly became an anthem of opposition to the ]. The song, an ] to ]—the land comprising present-day ], ] and ], was later published in 1924 in the Urdu book ].<ref name="Indiatoday">{{cite news|title=Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/saare-jahan-se-accha-facts/1/647730.html|access-date=17 October 2016|publisher=India Today|date=21 April 2016|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123084302/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/saare-jahan-se-accha-facts/1/647730.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| The poem epitomizes the people's love for the nation. ] sang it over a hundred times when he was imprisoned in ] in ] in the ]. Astronaut ] spoke the first line of the song to describe India from space when ] asked him how India looked from the Space. ] quoted it at his first press conference as ] to underline India's greatness. | |||
| By 1910, Iqbal's worldview had changed to become global and Islamic. In a new song for children, "]," written in the same metre, he changed the homeland from "Hindustan" to the "whole world." In 1930, in his presidential address to the Muslim League annual conference in Allahabad, he supported a separate nation-state in the Muslim-majority areas of the subcontinent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan. | |||
| === ] Lyrics === | |||
| سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہمارا <br> | |||
| ہم بلبليں ہيں اس کي، يہ گلستاں ہمارا | |||
| Saare Jahan se Accha has remained very popular, but only in India.{{efn|This little ghazal, composed by the man widely considered to be the philosophical father of Pakistan, is now extremely popular—but only in India."<ref name=pritchett/>}} An abridged version is sung and played frequently as a patriotic song and as a marching song of the ].<ref name="wire">{{cite news|last1=Imam|first1=Sharjeel|title=Sare Jahan Se Acha: The Idea of India in Early 20th Century Urdu Poetry|url=http://thewire.in/49087/sare-jahan-se-acha-the-idea-of-india-in-early-20th-century-urdu-poetry/|access-date=17 October 2016|publisher=The Wire|date=6 July 2016}}</ref> The most popular ] is that of ] maestro ]. | |||
| غربت ميں ہوں اگر ہم، رہتا ہے دل وطن ميں <br> | |||
| سمجھو وہيں ہميں بھي، دل ہو جہاں ہمارا | |||
| ==Text of poem== | |||
| پربت وہ سب سے اونچا، ہمسايہ آسماں کا<br> | |||
| وہ سنتري ہمارا، وہ پاسباں ہمارا | |||
| {| | |||
| گودي ميں کھيلتي ہيں اس کي ہزاروں ندياں <br> | |||
| |- | |||
| گلشن ہے جن کے دم سے رشک جناں ہمارا | |||
| |style="text-align:center;"|'''Urdu''' | |||
| |style="text-align:center;"|'''Romanisation (])''' | |||
| |- | |||
| | <!-- Urdu --> | |||
| <blockquote><div align=right> | |||
| {{Nastaliq|سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہمارا<br/> | |||
| ہم بلبلیں ہیں اس کی، یہ گلستاں ہمارا}} | |||
| {{Nastaliq|غربت میں ہوں اگر ہم، رہتا ہے دل وطن میں<br/> | |||
| اے آب رود گنگا، وہ دن ہيں ياد تجھ کو؟ <br> | |||
| سمجھو وہیں ہمیں بھی دل ہو جہاں ہمارا}} | |||
| {{Nastaliq|پربت وہ سب سے اونچا، ہمسایہ آسماں کا<br/> | |||
| مذہب نہيں سکھاتا آپس ميں بير رکھنا <br> | |||
| وہ سنتری ہمارا، وہ پاسباں ہمارا}} | |||
| {{Nastaliq|گودی میں کھیلتی ہیں اس کی ہزاروں ندیاں<br/> | |||
| يونان و مصر و روما سب مٹ گئے جہاں سے <br> | |||
| گلشن ہے جن کے دم سے رشکِ جناں ہمارا}} | |||
| {{Nastaliq|اے آبِ رودِ گنگا! وہ دن ہیں یاد تجھ کو؟<br/> | |||
| کچھ بات ہے کہ ہستي مٹتي نہيں ہماري <br> | |||
| اترا ترے کنارے جب کارواں ہمارا}} | |||
| اقبال! کوئي محرم اپنا نہيں جہاں ميں <br> | |||
| معلوم کيا کسي کو درد نہاں ہمارا | |||
| {{Nastaliq|مذہب نہیں سکھاتا آپس میں بیر رکھنا<br/> | |||
| === ] Lyrics === | |||
| ہندی ہیں ہم، وطن ہے ہندوستاں ہمارا}} | |||
| <font size="3"> | |||
| सारे जहाँ से अच्छा, हिन्दोस्तां हमारा</br> | |||
| हम बुलबुले हैं इसकी, यह गुलसितां हमारा</br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| ग़ुरबत में हों अगर हम, रहता है दिल वतन में</br> | |||
| समझो वहीं हमें भी, दिल हो जहाँ हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| पर्वत हो सबसे ऊँचा, हमसाया आसमाँ का</br> | |||
| वो संतरी हमारा, वो पासवां हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| गोदी में खेलती हैं, जिसकी हज़ारों नदियां</br> | |||
| गुलशन है जिसके दम से, रश्क\-ए\-जिनां हमारा</br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| ऐ आब\-ए\-रौंद\-ए\-गंगा! वो दिन है याद तुझको</br> | |||
| उतरा तेरे किनारे, जब कारवां हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| मजहब नहीं सिखाता, आपस में बैर रखना</br> | |||
| हिन्दी हैं हम वतन हैं, हिन्दोस्तां हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| यूनान, मिस्र, रोमां, सब मिट गए जहाँ से</br> | |||
| अब तक मगर है बाक़ी, नाम\-ओ\-निशां हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| कुछ बात है की हस्ती, मिटती नहीं हमारी</br> | |||
| सदियों रहा है दुश्मन, दौर\-ए\-जहाँ हमारा </br> | |||
| </br> | |||
| 'इक़बाल' कोई मरहूम, अपना नहीं जहाँ में</br> | |||
| मालूम क्या किसी को, दर्द\-ए\-निहां हमारा </br> </font> | |||
| </br> | |||
| {{Nastaliq|یونان و مصر و روما سب مٹ گئے جہاں سے<br/> | |||
| === ] Transliteration === | |||
| اب تک مگر ہے باقی نام و نشاں ہمارا}} | |||
| {{Nastaliq|کچھ بات ہے کہ ہستی مٹتی نہیں ہماری<br/> | |||
| ''sāre jahān se acchā hindostān hamārā''<br> | |||
| صدیوں رہا ہے دشمن دورِ زماں ہمارا}} | |||
| ''ham bulbulain hai is ki, yeh gulsitān hamārā'' | |||
| {{Nastaliq|اقبال! کوئی محرم اپنا نہيں جہاں میں<br/> | |||
| ''ghurbat men hon agar ham, rahta hai dil vatan men''<br> | |||
| معلوم کیا کسی کو دردِ نہاں ہمارا!}}{{rlm}} | |||
| ''samjho vahīn hamen bhī, dil hain jahān hamārā'' | |||
| </div></blockquote> | |||
| | <!-- Roman Transliteration --> | |||
| {{transl|ur| | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| Sāre jahāṉ se acchā, Hindositāṉ<ref name=poetic-pronunciation/> hamārā<br/> | |||
| Ham bulbuleṉ haiṉ is kī, yih gulsitāṉ<ref name=poetic-pronunciation>"Here they are to be pronounced not {{transl|ur|Hindūstāṉ}} and {{transl|ur|gu-lis-tāṉ}}, respectively, as usual, but {{transl|ur|Hindositāṉ}} and {{transl|ur|gul-si-tāṉ}}, respectively, to suit the meter." From: Pritchett, F. 2004. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> hamārā | |||
| G̱ẖurbat meṉ hoṉ agar ham, rahtā hai dil wat̤an meṉ<br/> | |||
| ''parbat voh sab se oonchā, hamsāya āsmān ka''<br> | |||
| Samjho wuhīṉ hameṉ bhī dil ho jahāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''voh santari hamārā, voh pāsbān hamārā'' | |||
| Parbat wuh sab se ūṉchā, hamsāyah āsmāṉ kā<br/> | |||
| ''godi men kheltī hain is ki hazāron nadiyā''<br> | |||
| Wuh santarī hamārā, wuh pāsbāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''gulshan hai jin ke dam se, rashk-e-janān hamārā'' | |||
| Godī meṉ kheltī haiṉ is kī hazāroṉ nadiyāṉ<br/> | |||
| ''aye āb, raud, ganga, voh din hen yād tujhko''<br> | |||
| Guls̱ẖan hai jin ke dam se ras̱ẖk-i janāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''utarā tere kināre, jab kārvān hamārā'' | |||
| Ai āb-i rūd-i Gangā! wuh din haiṉ yād tujh ko?<br/> | |||
| ''maz'hab nahīn sikhātā āpas men bayr rakhnā''<br> | |||
| Utrā tire<ref>Pronounced "tiray" to suit the meter, in contrast to the usual "tayray." From: From: Pritchett, F. 2004. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> kināre jab kārwāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''hindi hai ham, vatan hai hindostān hamārā'' | |||
| Maẕhab nahīṉ sikhātā āpas meṉ bair rakhnā<br/> | |||
| ''yūnān-o-misr-o-romā, sab miṭ gaye jahān se''<br> | |||
| Hindī haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai Hindositāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''ab tak magar hai bāqi, nām-o-nishān hamārā'' | |||
| Yūnān o-Miṣr o-Rūmā, sab miṭ ga'e jahāṉ se<br/> | |||
| ''kuch bāt hai keh hastī, miṭati nahīn hamārī''<br> | |||
| Ab tak magar hai bāqī, nām o-nis̱ẖaṉ hamārā | |||
| Kuch bāt hai kih hastī, miṭtī nahīṉ hamārī<br/> | |||
| Ṣadiyoṉ rahā hai dus̱ẖman daur-i zamāṉ hamārā | |||
| ''m'alūm kya kisī ko, dard-e-nihān hamārā'' | |||
| Iqbāl! ko'ī maḥram apnā nahīṉ jahāṉ meṉ<br/> | |||
| == Translation == | |||
| Maʿlūm kyā kisī ko dard-i nihāṉ hamārā! | |||
| </blockquote> | |||
| }} | |||
| |} | |||
| == English translation == | |||
| Our India is the finest Country on this planet earth <br> | |||
| Better than the entire world, is our Hindustan,<br/> | |||
| This is our garden abode, we are nightingales of mirth | |||
| We are its nightingales, and it (is) our garden abode | |||
| If we are in an alien place, the heart remains in the homeland,<br/> | |||
| consider us too right there where our heart would be. | |||
| That tallest mountain, that shade-sharer of the sky,<br/> | |||
| It (is) our sentry, it (is) our watchman | |||
| In its lap where frolic thousands of rivers,<br/> | |||
| Whose vitality makes our garden the envy of Paradise. | |||
| O the flowing waters of the ], do you remember that day<br/> | |||
| When our caravan first disembarked on your waterfront? | |||
| Religion does not teach us to bear animosity among ourselves<br/> | |||
| We are of ], our homeland is Hindustan. | |||
| In a world in which ancient ], ], and ] have all vanished<br/> | |||
| Our own attributes (name and sign) live on today. | |||
| There is something about our existence for it doesn't get wiped <br/> | |||
| Even though, for centuries, the time-cycle of the world has been our enemy. | |||
| Iqbal! We have no confidant in this world<br/> | |||
| What does any one know of our hidden pain? | |||
| ==Composition== | |||
| Though in foreign lands we may reside, with our motherland our hearts abide<br> | |||
| Iqbal was a lecturer at the ] at that time, and was invited by a student ] to preside over a function. Instead of delivering a speech, Iqbal sang "Saare Jahan Se Achcha". The song, in addition to embodying yearning and attachment to the land of Hindustan, expressed "cultural memory" and had an ] quality. In 1905, the 27-year-old Iqbal viewed the future society of the ] as both a pluralistic and composite Hindu-Muslim culture. Later that year he left for Europe for a three-year sojourn that was to transform him into an Islamic philosopher and a visionary of a future Islamic society.<ref name="Indiatoday"/> | |||
| Our spirit remains with thee, where our hearts exist | |||
| ==Iqbal's transformation and Tarana-e-Milli== | |||
| That mountain most high; neighbor to the skies<br> | |||
| It is our sentinel; it is our protector | |||
| In 1910, Iqbal wrote another song for children, "]" (Anthem of the Religious Community), which was composed in the same metre and rhyme scheme as "Saare Jahan Se Achcha", but which renounced much of the sentiment of the earlier song.<ref name=milli>. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> The sixth stanza of "Saare Jahan Se Achcha" (1904), which is often quoted as proof of Iqbal's secular outlook: | |||
| A thousand rivers play in its lap,<br> | |||
| {{Verse translation|{{transl|ur|Maẕhab nahīṉ sikhātā āpas meṉ bair rakhnā | |||
| Gardens they sustain, the envy of the heavens is ours | |||
| Hindī haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai Hindūstāṉ hamārā}} | |||
| | | |||
| Religion does not teach us to bear ill-will among ourselves | |||
| We are of ], our homeland is Hindustan.}} | |||
| contrasted significantly with the first stanza of ''Tarana-e-Milli'' (1910) reads:<ref name=milli/> | |||
| O water of the mighty flow of the Ganga, do you remember the day<br> | |||
| {{Verse translation|{{transl|ur|Chīn o-ʿArab hamārā, Hindūstāṉ hamārā | |||
| When on your banks, our caravan had landed | |||
| Muslim haiṉ ham, wat̤an hai sārā jahāṉ hamārā}} | |||
| | | |||
| Central Asia<ref>Although "Chin" refers to China in modern Urdu, in Iqbal's day it referred to Central Asia, coextensive with historical ]. See also, . Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> and ] are ours, Hindustan is ours | |||
| We are Muslims, the whole world is our homeland.<ref name=milli/>}} | |||
| Iqbal's world view had now changed; it had become both global and Islamic. Instead of singing of Hindustan, "our homeland," the new song proclaimed that "our homeland is the whole world."<ref>Pritchett, Frances. 2000. . Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.</ref> Two decades later, in his presidential address to the ] annual conference in ] in 1930, he supported a ] in the Muslim majority areas of the sub-continent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan.<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Popularity in India== | |||
| * ''Saare Jahan Se Achcha'' has remained popular in India for nearly a century. ] is said to have sung it over a hundred times when he was imprisoned at ] in ] in the 1930s.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"></ref> | |||
| * In the 1930s and 1940s, it was sung to a slower tune. In 1945, while working in Mumbai with the ] (IPTA), the sitarist ] was asked to compose the music for the ] film '']'' and the ] movie '']''. During this time, Ravi Shankar was asked to compose music for the song "Saare Jahan se Accha". In an interview in 2009 with ], Ravi Shankar recounts that he felt that the existing tune was too slow and sad. To give it a more inspiring impact, he set it to a stronger tune which is today the popular tune of this song, which they then tried out as a group song.<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|last1=Gupta|first1=Shekhar|title=Walk the talk - Interview with Pandit Ravi Shankar|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/walk-the-talk/walk-the-talk-with-pandit-ravi-shankar-aired-on-december-05-2009/258009|access-date=12 August 2015|publisher=NDTV|date=5 December 2009}}</ref> It was later recorded by the singer ] to a 3rd altogether different tune. Stanzas (1), (3), (4), and (6) of the song became an unofficial national song in India,<ref name=pritchett/> and the Ravi Shankar version was adopted as the official quick march of the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302211705/http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Marches.html |date=2 March 2009 }}.</ref> This arrangement as ] of this song was made by Antsher Lobo.{{citation needed|date= July 2018}} | |||
| * ], the first Indian ], employed the first line of the song in 1984 to describe to then prime minister ] how India appeared from outer space.<ref></ref> | |||
| * In his inaugural speech, the former prime minister of India ] quoted this poem at his first press conference after becoming the ].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> | |||
| * The song is popular in India in schools as a patriotic song, sung during morning assemblies, and as a marching song for the Indian armed forces, played during public events and parades.<ref name="Indiatoday"/> It is played by the Armed forces Massed Bands each year for the ], ] and at the culmination of ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian tunes to set mood at 'Beating Retreat' today |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/indian-tunes-to-set-mood-at-beating-retreat-today/535386.html |access-date=5 June 2018 |work=The Tribune |date=29 January 2018}}</ref> | |||
| ===Text in the Devanagari script=== | |||
| In India, the text of the poem is often rendered in the ] script of ]: | |||
| {| | |||
| |- | |||
| | style="text-align:center;" |''']''' | |||
| |- | |||
| | | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| सारे जहाँ से अच्छा हिन्दोसिताँ हमारा <br/> | |||
| हम बुलबुलें हैं इसकी यह गुलसिताँ हमारा | |||
| ग़ुर्बत में हों अगर हम, रहता है दिल वतन में <br/> | |||
| समझो वहीं हमें भी दिल हो जहाँ हमारा | |||
| परबत वह सबसे ऊँचा, हम्साया आसमाँ का <br/> | |||
| वह संतरी हमारा, वह पासबाँ हमारा | |||
| गोदी में खेलती हैं इसकी हज़ारों नदियाँ <br/> | |||
| गुल्शन है जिनके दम से रश्क-ए-जनाँ हमारा | |||
| ऐ आब-ए-रूद-ए-गंगा! वह दिन हैं याद तुझको? <br/> | |||
| उतरा तिरे किनारे जब कारवाँ हमारा | |||
| मज़्हब नहीं सिखाता आपस में बैर रखना <br/> | |||
| हिंदी हैं हम, वतन है हिन्दोसिताँ हमारा | |||
| यूनान-ओ-मिस्र-ओ-रूमा सब मिट गए जहाँ से <br/> | |||
| अब तक मगर है बाक़ी नाम-ओ-निशाँ हमारा | |||
| कुछ बात है कि हस्ती मिटती नहीं हमारी <br/> | |||
| सदियों रहा है दुश्मन दौर-ए-ज़माँ हमारा | |||
| इक़्बाल! कोई महरम अपना नहीं जहाँ में <br/> | |||
| मालूम क्या किसी को दर्द-ए-निहाँ हमारा ! | |||
| </blockquote> | |||
| |} | |||
| == See also == | |||
| Faith does not teach us to harbour grudges between us<br> | |||
| * ] | |||
| We are all Indians and India is our homeland | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| == Notes and references == | |||
| Greece, Egypt and Rome are lost, now only memories<br> | |||
| ===Notes=== | |||
| But our civilization remains; it has stood the test of time | |||
| {{Notelist|40em}} | |||
| ===Citations=== | |||
| Something is in us, that preserves us, that keeps us ever-smiling<br> | |||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | |||
| Though the fates and chances of the world have ever tried to break us | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| Iqbal! Is there no soul that could<br> | |||
| *{{cite web|title=Tarana-e-Hindi at Rabia Memorial School, Fatehpur Mau (UP) India| website=] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FvKguGfnII|date=23 January 2013}} (Children singing the complete lyrics of the song.) | |||
| Understand the pain in thy heart? | |||
| {{Muhammad Iqbal}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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Latest revision as of 02:53, 25 December 2024
Patriotic Urdu poem This article is about the Urdu poem. For other use(s), see Sare Jahan se Accha (disambiguation).
| Sare Jahan se Accha | |
|---|---|
| by Muhammad Iqbal | |
| Original title | Taranah-e-Hindi |
| First published in | Ittehad |
| Country | British India |
| Language | Urdu |
| Form | Ghazal |
| Publication date | 16 August 1904 |
"Sare Jahan se Accha" (Urdu: سارے جہاں سے اچھا; Sāre Jahāṉ se Acchā), formally known as "Tarānah-e-Hindi" (Urdu: ترانۂ ہندی, "Anthem of the People of Hindustan"), is an Urdu language patriotic song for children written by poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal in the ghazal style of Urdu poetry. The poem was published in the weekly journal Ittehad on 16 August 1904. Publicly recited by Iqbal the following year at Government College, Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan) it quickly became an anthem of opposition to the British Raj. The song, an ode to Hindustan—the land comprising present-day Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, was later published in 1924 in the Urdu book Bang-i-Dara.
By 1910, Iqbal's worldview had changed to become global and Islamic. In a new song for children, "Tarana-e-Milli," written in the same metre, he changed the homeland from "Hindustan" to the "whole world." In 1930, in his presidential address to the Muslim League annual conference in Allahabad, he supported a separate nation-state in the Muslim-majority areas of the subcontinent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan.
Saare Jahan se Accha has remained very popular, but only in India. An abridged version is sung and played frequently as a patriotic song and as a marching song of the Indian Armed Forces. The most popular musical composition is that of sitar maestro Ravi Shankar.
Text of poem
| Urdu | Romanisation (ALA-LC) |
|
|
English translation
Better than the entire world, is our Hindustan,
We are its nightingales, and it (is) our garden abode
If we are in an alien place, the heart remains in the homeland,
consider us too right there where our heart would be.
That tallest mountain, that shade-sharer of the sky,
It (is) our sentry, it (is) our watchman
In its lap where frolic thousands of rivers,
Whose vitality makes our garden the envy of Paradise.
O the flowing waters of the Ganges, do you remember that day
When our caravan first disembarked on your waterfront?
Religion does not teach us to bear animosity among ourselves
We are of Hind, our homeland is Hindustan.
In a world in which ancient Greece, Egypt, and Rome have all vanished
Our own attributes (name and sign) live on today.
There is something about our existence for it doesn't get wiped
Even though, for centuries, the time-cycle of the world has been our enemy.
Iqbal! We have no confidant in this world
What does any one know of our hidden pain?
Composition
Iqbal was a lecturer at the Government College, Lahore at that time, and was invited by a student Lala Har Dayal to preside over a function. Instead of delivering a speech, Iqbal sang "Saare Jahan Se Achcha". The song, in addition to embodying yearning and attachment to the land of Hindustan, expressed "cultural memory" and had an elegiac quality. In 1905, the 27-year-old Iqbal viewed the future society of the subcontinent as both a pluralistic and composite Hindu-Muslim culture. Later that year he left for Europe for a three-year sojourn that was to transform him into an Islamic philosopher and a visionary of a future Islamic society.
Iqbal's transformation and Tarana-e-Milli
In 1910, Iqbal wrote another song for children, "Tarana-e-Milli" (Anthem of the Religious Community), which was composed in the same metre and rhyme scheme as "Saare Jahan Se Achcha", but which renounced much of the sentiment of the earlier song. The sixth stanza of "Saare Jahan Se Achcha" (1904), which is often quoted as proof of Iqbal's secular outlook:
|
Maẕhab nahīṉ sikhātā āpas meṉ bair rakhnā |
Religion does not teach us to bear ill-will among ourselves |
contrasted significantly with the first stanza of Tarana-e-Milli (1910) reads:
|
Chīn o-ʿArab hamārā, Hindūstāṉ hamārā |
Central Asia and Arabia are ours, Hindustan is ours |
Iqbal's world view had now changed; it had become both global and Islamic. Instead of singing of Hindustan, "our homeland," the new song proclaimed that "our homeland is the whole world." Two decades later, in his presidential address to the Muslim League annual conference in Allahabad in 1930, he supported a separate nation-state in the Muslim majority areas of the sub-continent, an idea that inspired the creation of Pakistan.
Popularity in India
- Saare Jahan Se Achcha has remained popular in India for nearly a century. Mahatma Gandhi is said to have sung it over a hundred times when he was imprisoned at Yerawada Jail in Pune in the 1930s.
- In the 1930s and 1940s, it was sung to a slower tune. In 1945, while working in Mumbai with the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), the sitarist Pandit Ravi Shankar was asked to compose the music for the K. A. Abbas film Dharti Ke Lal and the Chetan Anand movie Neecha Nagar. During this time, Ravi Shankar was asked to compose music for the song "Saare Jahan se Accha". In an interview in 2009 with Shekhar Gupta, Ravi Shankar recounts that he felt that the existing tune was too slow and sad. To give it a more inspiring impact, he set it to a stronger tune which is today the popular tune of this song, which they then tried out as a group song. It was later recorded by the singer Lata Mangeshkar to a 3rd altogether different tune. Stanzas (1), (3), (4), and (6) of the song became an unofficial national song in India, and the Ravi Shankar version was adopted as the official quick march of the Indian Armed Forces. This arrangement as marching tune of this song was made by Antsher Lobo.
- Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian astronaut, employed the first line of the song in 1984 to describe to then prime minister Indira Gandhi how India appeared from outer space.
- In his inaugural speech, the former prime minister of India Manmohan Singh quoted this poem at his first press conference after becoming the Prime Minister.
- The song is popular in India in schools as a patriotic song, sung during morning assemblies, and as a marching song for the Indian armed forces, played during public events and parades. It is played by the Armed forces Massed Bands each year for the Indian Independence Day, Republic Day and at the culmination of Beating the Retreat.
Text in the Devanagari script
In India, the text of the poem is often rendered in the Devanagari script of Hindi:
| Devanagari |
|
See also
- Index of Muhammad Iqbal–related articles
- Iqbal bibliography
- Amar Shonar Bangla
- Jana Gana Mana
- Vande Mataram
- National Pledge (India)
Notes and references
Notes
- "'Taranah-e Hindi' (1904) was explicitly written as a patriotic song for children; Iqbal also composed a number of others meant for children, but this one has always been the most popular. This little ghazal ..."
- This little ghazal, composed by the man widely considered to be the philosophical father of Pakistan, is now extremely popular—but only in India."
Citations
- ^ Pritchett, Frances. 2000. "Tarana-e-Hindi and Taranah-e-Milli: A Study in Contrasts." Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.
- ^ "Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator". India Today. 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- Imam, Sharjeel (6 July 2016). "Sare Jahan Se Acha: The Idea of India in Early 20th Century Urdu Poetry". The Wire. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ "Here they are to be pronounced not Hindūstāṉ and gu-lis-tāṉ, respectively, as usual, but Hindositāṉ and gul-si-tāṉ, respectively, to suit the meter." From: Pritchett, F. 2004. "Taraanah-i-Hindii" Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
- Pronounced "tiray" to suit the meter, in contrast to the usual "tayray." From: From: Pritchett, F. 2004. "Taraanah-i-Hindii" Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
- ^ Iqbal: Tarana-e-Milli, 1910. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
- Although "Chin" refers to China in modern Urdu, in Iqbal's day it referred to Central Asia, coextensive with historical Turkestan. See also, Iqbal: Tarana-e-Milli, 1910. Columbia University, Department of South Asian Studies.
- Pritchett, Frances. 2000. Tarana-e-Hindi and Tarana-e-Milli: A Close Comparison. Columbia University Department of South Asian Studies.
- A look at Iqbal; The Sunday Tribune – May 28, 2006
- ^ Times of India: Saare Jahan Se..., it's 100 now
- Gupta, Shekhar (5 December 2009). "Walk the talk - Interview with Pandit Ravi Shankar". NDTV. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- Indian Military Marches Archived 2 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- India Empowered to Me Is: Saare Jahan Se Achcha, the home of world citizens
- "Indian tunes to set mood at 'Beating Retreat' today". The Tribune. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
External links
- "Tarana-e-Hindi at Rabia Memorial School, Fatehpur Mau (UP) India". YouTube. 23 January 2013. (Children singing the complete lyrics of the song.)