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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox bridge {{Infobox bridge
| bridge_name = Hackensack Drawbridge | bridge_name = Hackensack Drawbridge
Line 6: Line 7:
| caption = | caption =
| other_name = HD Draw | other_name = HD Draw
| carries = ] | carries = ]
| crosses = ] | crosses = ]
| locale = ] and ] | locale = ] and ]
Line 35: Line 36:
| inaugurated = | inaugurated =
| collapsed = 1946 | collapsed = 1946
| map_cue =
| map_image =
| map_alt =
| map_text =
| map_width =
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|43|7.35|N|74|6|14.35|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=it}} | coordinates = {{Coord|40|43|7.35|N|74|6|14.35|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=it}}
| map_type = USA New York City
|map_caption = At the mouth of the Hackensack River at ] in the ]
}} }}


The '''Hackensack Drawbridge''' (also known as the '''HD Draw''')<ref name=nrhs/> was a double-track railroad ] across the mouth of the ] between ] and The '''Hackensack Drawbridge''' (also known as the '''HD Draw''')<ref name=nrhs/> was a double-track railroad ] across the mouth of the ] between ] and
], New Jersey.<ref name=nrhs>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcrhs.org/cnjtowers2.html|title=Towers of the CNJ|last=Colleti|first=Richard|work=Jersey Central|publisher=]|accessdate=9 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="menace">(23 June 1940). , '']'' (reporting that the Port of New York Authority was recommending that the bridge be either rebuilt or abandoned because it offered limited clearance)</ref> It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.<ref name=fre/> ], New Jersey.<ref name=nrhs>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcrhs.org/cnjtowers2.html|title=Towers of the CNJ|last=Colleti|first=Richard|work=Jersey Central|publisher=]|access-date=October 9, 2012}}</ref><ref name="menace">(June 23, 1940). , '']'' (reporting that the Port of New York Authority was recommending that the bridge be either rebuilt or abandoned because it offered limited clearance)</ref> It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.<ref name=fre/>


Built and maintained by the ] (CNJ),<ref>''Federal supplement'', pg. 341.</ref> the bridge was part of the ], a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for '']''.<ref name=tra>Schmidt, W.H. (May 1946), "Costliest Railroad Now Half Abandoned", '']'', pg. 52.</ref> Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at ] and ], where passengers could transfer to ].<ref name = opening>{{Cite news | title = Opening of the Newark and New-York Railroad | newspaper = New York Times | date = July 24, 1869 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F20713FD385E1A7493C6AB178CD85F4D8684F9 | accessdate = 2011-02-21}}</ref> It also crossed the ] and the ] peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in ].<ref name=rail/> Built and maintained by the ] (CNJ),<ref>''Federal supplement'', pg. 341.</ref> the bridge was part of the ], a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for '']''.<ref name=tra>Schmidt, W.H. (May 1946), "Costliest Railroad Now Half Abandoned", '']'', pg. 52.</ref> Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at ] and ], where passengers could transfer to ].<ref name = opening>{{Cite news | title = Opening of the Newark and New-York Railroad | newspaper = New York Times | date = July 24, 1869 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/07/24/79353581.pdf | access-date = February 21, 2011}}</ref> It also crossed the ] and the ] peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in ].<ref name=rail/>


==Description== ==Description==
From the west side of the rail via tunnel, four tracks converged into three, and then into two tracks to pass over the Hackensack Drawbridge.<ref name=rail>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 465.</ref> By 1913 the rail line, including the bridges across the rivers, was raised about {{convert|30|ft|m}} to avoid conflicts with maritime traffic in the newly developing ] <ref name = newarkmeadows>{{Cite news | last = | first = | coauthors = | title = Dredge Hackensack River Improving Newark Meadows Section for Development | newspaper = New York Times | date = February 9, 1913 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F40D10FD385F13738DDDA00894DA405B838DF1D3 | accessdate = 2011-02-16}}</ref> The draw span of the ] over the Passaic had been relocated {{convert|185|ft|m}} upstream to create another bridge on a new alignment in 1912.<ref name = spanmoved>{{citation | title = An Unusual Bridge-Moving Operation | newspaper = Popular Mechanics Magazine | page = 26 | date = July 1912 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=_90DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Popular+Mechanics+July+1912+An+Unusual+Bridge-Moving+Operation#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Mechanics%20July%201912%20An%20Unusual%20Bridge-Moving%20Operation&f=false | accessdate = 2012-08-08 | quote = | author1 = Magazines | first1 = Hearst }}</ref> From the west side of the rail via tunnel, four tracks converged into three, and then into two tracks to pass over the Hackensack Drawbridge.<ref name=rail>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 465.</ref> By 1913 the rail line, including the bridges across the rivers, was raised about {{convert|30|ft|m}} to avoid conflicts with maritime traffic in the newly developing ]<ref name = newarkmeadows>{{Cite news | title = Dredge Hackensack River Improving Newark Meadows Section for Development | newspaper = New York Times | date = February 9, 1913 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/02/09/100253627.pdf | access-date = February 16, 2011}}</ref> The draw span of the ] over the Passaic had been relocated {{convert|185|ft|m}} upstream to create another bridge on a new alignment in 1912.<ref name = spanmoved>{{citation | title = An Unusual Bridge-Moving Operation | newspaper = Popular Mechanics Magazine | page = 26 | date = July 1912 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_90DAAAAMBAJ&q=Popular+Mechanics+July+1912+An+Unusual+Bridge-Moving+Operation&pg=PA5 | access-date = August 8, 2012 | last1 = Magazines | first1 = Hearst }}</ref>
By 1922, plans were made to improve the drawbridge's railway signal layout, increasing the number of interlocking levers, ground signals and bridge signals.<ref>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 476.</ref> The drawbridge tower employed three levermen.<ref>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 478.</ref> By 1922, plans were made to improve the drawbridge's railway signal layout, increasing the number of interlocking levers, ground signals and bridge signals.<ref>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 476.</ref> The drawbridge tower employed three levermen.<ref>''Railway signaling and communications'', pg. 478.</ref>


]. The ] was to the north (upper right)]]. ]. The ] was to the north (upper left)]]
In 1897, a train carrying nearly 200 people derailed while crossing the bridge; there were no injuries.<ref>{{citation | last = | first = | title = Accident of Jersey Central; Train with 200 Passengers Off the Track on a Bridge Near Newark. | newspaper = The New York Times | date = May 17, 1897 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50610FD345D11738DDDAE0994DD405B8785F0D3 | accessdate = 2012-10-10}}</ref> In 1940, the Port of New York Authority (now ]) cited the bridge as a navigational menace and called for its replacement.<ref name="menace"/> With war impending, the ] in 1941 asked CNJ to replace the ] with a ] to afford better access to the ] on Kearny Point. Plans were made, but the shortage of steel prevented the project from being constructed.<ref>{{cite report | title = Plans and Specifications submitted by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey for Alterations of the Hackensack River Bridge | work = | publisher = Howard, Needles, Tamman, and Bergendoff | date = May 19, 1941 | url = http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/cnj-jersey-central-plans-hackensack-river-bridge | accessdate =2012-10-10 }}</ref> In 1897, a train carrying nearly 200 people derailed while crossing the bridge; there were no injuries.<ref>{{citation | title = Accident of Jersey Central; Train with 200 Passengers Off the Track on a Bridge Near Newark. | newspaper = The New York Times | date = May 17, 1897 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50610FD345D11738DDDAE0994DD405B8785F0D3 | access-date = October 10, 2012}}</ref> In 1940, the Port of New York Authority (now ]) cited the bridge as a navigational menace and called for its replacement.<ref name="menace"/> With war impending, the ] in 1941 asked CNJ to replace the ] with a ] to afford better access to the ] on Kearny Point. Plans were made, but the shortage of steel prevented the project from being constructed.<ref>{{cite report | title = Plans and Specifications submitted by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey for Alterations of the Hackensack River Bridge | publisher = Howard, Needles, Tamman, and Bergendoff | date = May 19, 1941 | url = http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/cnj-jersey-central-plans-hackensack-river-bridge | access-date =October 10, 2012 }}</ref>


==Steamship collision== ==Steamship collision==
] ]
On 3 February 1946, ], a ], crashed into the drawbridge, shearing off two of the bridge's ]. The collision was the result of a mix-up in signals between the ] and a tug. It was later determined that mishandling on the part of the ''Jagger Seam'' was the cause of the accident.<ref>{{cite web | title = Petition of Texas Co. 99 F.Supp. 340 (1951) United States District Court S. D. New York. | publisher = Leagle | date = July 11, 1951 | url = http://www.leagle.com/decision/195143999FSupp340_1371 | accessdate = 2014-11-10}}</ref> Initial estimates indicated that rail service over the Hackensack would be delayed for three months,<ref>{{cite news|title=Steamer Wrecks Bridge in Jersey |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60B16FD3E5D107A93C6A91789D85F428485F9|work=]|date=4 February 1946 |accessdate=8 October 2012|page=24}}</ref> with the CNJ projecting that it would take that long to procure enough steel to reconstruct the bridge.<ref name=age/> After the accident, trains continued to run from Kearny to ].<ref name=fre>French, pg. 32.</ref> Similarly, service east of the drawbridge continued to run between the ] and ].<ref name=age>''Railway age'', pg. 329.</ref> On February 3, 1946, ], a ], crashed into the drawbridge, shearing off two of the bridge's ]. The collision was the result of a mix-up in signals between the ] and a tug. It was later determined that mishandling on the part of the ''Jagger Seam'' was the cause of the accident.<ref>{{cite web | title = Petition of Texas Co. 99 F.Supp. 340 (1951) United States District Court S. D. New York. | publisher = Leagle | date = July 11, 1951 | url = http://www.leagle.com/decision/195143999FSupp340_1371 | access-date = November 10, 2014}}</ref> Initial estimates indicated that rail service over the Hackensack would be delayed for three months,<ref>{{cite news|title=Steamer Wrecks Bridge in Jersey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/02/04/archives/steamer-wrecks-bridge-in-jersey-6000ton-coal-ship-shears-off-two.html|work=]|date=February 4, 1946 |access-date=October 8, 2012|page=24}}</ref> with the CNJ projecting that it would take that long to procure enough steel to reconstruct the bridge.<ref name=age/> After the accident, trains continued to run from Kearny to ].<ref name=fre>French, pg. 32.</ref> Similarly, service east of the drawbridge continued to run between the ] and ].<ref name=age>''Railway age'', pg. 329.</ref>


In October 1946, the CNJ asked the ] (ICC) for permission to abandon the line.<ref>{{citation | title = Asks to Abandon Line Central Railroad of New Jersey Files Plea With the ICC | newspaper = The New York Times | date = October 23, 1946 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00B13FF3B5C107A93C1AB178BD95F428485F9 | accessdate = 2012-10-10}}</ref> In October 1946, the CNJ asked the ] (ICC) for permission to abandon the line.<ref>{{citation | title = Asks to Abandon Line Central Railroad of New Jersey Files Plea With the ICC | newspaper = The New York Times | date = October 23, 1946 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00B13FF3B5C107A93C1AB178BD95F428485F9 | access-date = October 10, 2012}}</ref>
Without any further funding for repair of the Hackensack Drawbridge and with the route severed in two, the railroad was deemed "half-abandoned". The ICC sympathized with the CNJ, saying "'twas a pity".<ref name=tra/> While the Newark Branch operated until 1967, service in Jersey City was discontinued. Ultimately, the bridge was dismantled, but remains of its ] are still visible in the Hackensack River. Without any further funding for repair of the Hackensack Drawbridge and with the route severed in two, the railroad was deemed "half-abandoned". The ICC sympathized with the CNJ, saying "'twas a pity".<ref name=tra/> While the Newark Branch operated until 1967, service in Jersey City was discontinued. Ultimately, the bridge was dismantled, but remains of its ] are still visible in the Hackensack River.


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==Sources== ==Sources==
*{{cite book|title=Federal supplement|last=|first=|authorlink=|year=1952|publisher=West Pub. Co|location=|oclc=|page=|pages=|accessdate=9 October 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qcyAAAAIAAJ|volume=99}} *{{cite book|title=Federal supplement|year=1952|publisher=West Pub. Co|access-date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qcyAAAAIAAJ|volume=99}}
*{{cite book|title=Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City|last=French|first=Kenneth|authorlink=|year=2002|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|location=|isbn=9780738509662|page=128|accessdate=9 October 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R2ugCDdKZEYC|volume=}} *{{cite book|title=Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City|last=French|first=Kenneth|year=2002|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738509662|page=128|access-date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R2ugCDdKZEYC}}
*{{cite book|title=Railway age|last=|first=|authorlink=|year=1946|publisher=Simmons-Boardman|location=|oclc=|page=|pages=|accessdate=9 October 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bMlAAAAMAAJ|volume=120}} *{{cite book|title=Railway age|year=1946|publisher=Simmons-Boardman|access-date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bMlAAAAMAAJ|volume=120}}
*{{cite book|title=Railway signaling and communications|last=|first=|authorlink=|year=1922|publisher=Simmons-Boardman Pub. Corp|location=|oclc=1604369|page=|pages=|accessdate=9 October 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2JnmAAAAMAAJ|volume=15}} *{{cite book|title=Railway signaling and communications|year=1922|publisher=Simmons-Boardman Pub. Corp|oclc=1604369|access-date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2JnmAAAAMAAJ|volume=15}}
*{{cite book|title=Trains|chapter="Costliest Railroad," now half abandoned|last=Schmidt Jr.|first=W. H.|authorlink=|year=1949|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Company|location=|oclc=|page=|pages=|accessdate=9 October 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RoTAAAAIAAJ|volume=9}} *{{cite book|title=Trains|chapter="Costliest Railroad," now half abandoned|last=Schmidt Jr.|first=W. H.|year=1949|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Company|access-date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RoTAAAAIAAJ|volume=9}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|title=Costliest Railroad, Half Abandoned|journal=]|date=August 1946|last=Schmidt, Jr.|first=W. H.}} * {{cite journal|title=Costliest Railroad, Half Abandoned|journal=]|date=August 1946|last=Schmidt Jr.|first=W. H.}}


==External links== ==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Hackensack Drawbridge}} *{{Commons category-inline|Hackensack Drawbridge}}


{{Crossings navbox
<!-- Moving in a northward direction, this bridge was the first structure along the Hackensack River. Trains Magazine referred to the Newark and New York branch as the "costliest" railroad line of it's type as much of the line was sunken through Jersey City. This permitted faster run times since there were no grade crossings to slow rail traffic. The line also gave the CNJ a second, or detour route, since trains running along it's mainline to and from it's Jersey City terminal could also use it's Newark and Elizabeth branch, and then the ] and HD Draw, to reach the Jersey City terminal bypassing the CNJ mainline through Bayonne, including the massive Newark Bay Drawbridges. In the ensuing investigation, the CNJ was willing to reconstruct the bridge, but the Department of The Army, required that a lift style bridge be built instead, which would have increased the cost manifold. The railroad was giving the option of either building a lift style bridge, or removing what remained of HD Draw. The CNJ opted to dismantle what remained of the bridge, and this severed the Newark and New York branch as a through route.
|structure = ]
-->
|place = ]
|bridge = Hackensack Drawbridge
|bridge signs =
|upstream = ]
|upstream signs = ]
|downstream = ] (])
|downstream signs =
}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 23:42, 23 December 2024

Bridge in Jersey City and Kearny
Hackensack Drawbridge
Coordinates40°43′7.35″N 74°6′14.35″W / 40.7187083°N 74.1039861°W / 40.7187083; -74.1039861
CarriedNewark and New York Branch
CrossedHackensack River
LocaleJersey City and Kearny
Other name(s)HD Draw
OwnerCentral Railroad of New Jersey
Characteristics
Designswing bridge
MaterialSteel
Height75 feet (23 m)
History
Opened1869
Collapsed1946
Location

The Hackensack Drawbridge (also known as the HD Draw) was a double-track railroad movable bridge across the mouth of the Hackensack River between Jersey City and Kearny, New Jersey. It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.

Built and maintained by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), the bridge was part of the Newark and New York Branch, a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for Trains. Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at Newark and Jersey City, where passengers could transfer to ferries to New York. It also crossed the Passaic River and the Kearny Point peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in Harrison.

Description

From the west side of the rail via tunnel, four tracks converged into three, and then into two tracks to pass over the Hackensack Drawbridge. By 1913 the rail line, including the bridges across the rivers, was raised about 30 feet (9.1 m) to avoid conflicts with maritime traffic in the newly developing port The draw span of the PD Draw over the Passaic had been relocated 185 feet (56 m) upstream to create another bridge on a new alignment in 1912. By 1922, plans were made to improve the drawbridge's railway signal layout, increasing the number of interlocking levers, ground signals and bridge signals. The drawbridge tower employed three levermen.

The bridge was south (upper right) of Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. The Lincoln Highway Bridge was to the north (upper left)

In 1897, a train carrying nearly 200 people derailed while crossing the bridge; there were no injuries. In 1940, the Port of New York Authority (now Port Authority of New York and New Jersey) cited the bridge as a navigational menace and called for its replacement. With war impending, the War Department in 1941 asked CNJ to replace the swing bridge with a vertical lift to afford better access to the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on Kearny Point. Plans were made, but the shortage of steel prevented the project from being constructed.

Steamship collision

Piers (foreground) remain in the Hackensack as seen in shot looking north

On February 3, 1946, SS Jagger Seam, a collier, crashed into the drawbridge, shearing off two of the bridge's spans. The collision was the result of a mix-up in signals between the collier and a tug. It was later determined that mishandling on the part of the Jagger Seam was the cause of the accident. Initial estimates indicated that rail service over the Hackensack would be delayed for three months, with the CNJ projecting that it would take that long to procure enough steel to reconstruct the bridge. After the accident, trains continued to run from Kearny to Newark. Similarly, service east of the drawbridge continued to run between the West Side Avenue station and Communipaw Terminal.

In October 1946, the CNJ asked the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for permission to abandon the line. Without any further funding for repair of the Hackensack Drawbridge and with the route severed in two, the railroad was deemed "half-abandoned". The ICC sympathized with the CNJ, saying "'twas a pity". While the Newark Branch operated until 1967, service in Jersey City was discontinued. Ultimately, the bridge was dismantled, but remains of its piers are still visible in the Hackensack River.

See also

References

  1. ^ Colleti, Richard. "Towers of the CNJ". Jersey Central. National Railroad Historical Society. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  2. ^ (June 23, 1940). Authority Calls Hackensack Span Menace; Wants Drawbridge Rebuilt or Abandoned, The New York Times (reporting that the Port of New York Authority was recommending that the bridge be either rebuilt or abandoned because it offered limited clearance)
  3. ^ French, pg. 32.
  4. Federal supplement, pg. 341.
  5. ^ Schmidt, W.H. (May 1946), "Costliest Railroad Now Half Abandoned", Trains, pg. 52.
  6. "Opening of the Newark and New-York Railroad" (PDF). New York Times. July 24, 1869. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  7. ^ Railway signaling and communications, pg. 465.
  8. "Dredge Hackensack River Improving Newark Meadows Section for Development" (PDF). New York Times. February 9, 1913. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
  9. Magazines, Hearst (July 1912), "An Unusual Bridge-Moving Operation", Popular Mechanics Magazine, p. 26, retrieved August 8, 2012
  10. Railway signaling and communications, pg. 476.
  11. Railway signaling and communications, pg. 478.
  12. "Accident of Jersey Central; Train with 200 Passengers Off the Track on a Bridge Near Newark.", The New York Times, May 17, 1897, retrieved October 10, 2012
  13. Plans and Specifications submitted by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey for Alterations of the Hackensack River Bridge (Report). Howard, Needles, Tamman, and Bergendoff. May 19, 1941. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  14. "Petition of Texas Co. 99 F.Supp. 340 (1951) United States District Court S. D. New York". Leagle. July 11, 1951. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  15. "Steamer Wrecks Bridge in Jersey". The New York Times. February 4, 1946. p. 24. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  16. ^ Railway age, pg. 329.
  17. "Asks to Abandon Line Central Railroad of New Jersey Files Plea With the ICC", The New York Times, October 23, 1946, retrieved October 10, 2012

Sources

Further reading

  • Schmidt Jr., W. H. (August 1946). "Costliest Railroad, Half Abandoned". Trains.

External links

Crossings of the Hackensack River
Upstream
Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge
 Hackensack Drawbridge
 Downstream
Upper Bay Bridge (Newark Bay)
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