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{{Short description|Misplaced Pages policy}}
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{{dablink|"WP:CON" redirects here; you may be looking for ], ], ] or ].}} {{Redirect-distinguish|WP:CON|Misplaced Pages:Conflict of interest||Misplaced Pages:Reliable sources#Academic consensus|Help:Edit conflict|Misplaced Pages:WikiCon}}
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⚫ {{Nutshell|This policy describes how consensus is understood on Misplaced Pages, how to determine whether it has been achieved (and how to proceed if it has not), and describes exceptions to the principle that all decisions are made by consensus.}}
{{nutshell|Consensus is Misplaced Pages's fundamental model for editorial decision making, and is marked by addressing legitimate concerns held by editors through a process of compromise while following Misplaced Pages policies.}}
{{conduct policy list}} {{Conduct policy list}}


'''Consensus''' refers to the primary way decisions are made on Misplaced Pages, and it is accepted as the best method to achieve ]; i.e., to achieve our five pillars. ''Consensus'' on Misplaced Pages does not mean unanimity (which, although an ideal result, is not always achievable); nor is it the result of a ]. Decision-making involves an effort to incorporate all editors' legitimate concerns, while respecting Misplaced Pages's ]. '''Consensus''' is Misplaced Pages's fundamental method of decision making. It involves an effort to address editors' legitimate concerns through a process of compromise while following Misplaced Pages's ]. It is accepted as the best method to achieve the ]{{emdash}}Misplaced Pages's goals. ] on Misplaced Pages does not require unanimity (which is ideal but rarely achievable), nor is it the result of a ].

⚫ This policy describes how consensus is understood on Misplaced Pages, how to determine whether it has been achieved (and how to proceed if it has not), and describes exceptions to the principle that all decisions are made by consensus.


==Achieving consensus== ==Achieving consensus==
{{policy shortcut|WP:CONACHIEVE}} {{Shortcut|WP:CONACHIEVE}}


Editors usually reach consensus as a natural process. After one changes a page, others who read it can choose whether or not to further edit. When editors do not reach agreement by editing, discussion on the associated ] continues the process toward consensus. Editors usually reach consensus as a natural process. After one changes a page, others who read it can choose whether or not to further edit. When editors do not reach agreement by editing, discussion on the associated ] continues the process toward consensus.


A consensus decision takes into account all of the proper concerns raised. Ideally, it arrives with an absence of objections, but often we must settle for as wide an agreement as can be reached. When there is no wide agreement, consensus-building involves adapting the proposal to bring in dissenters without losing those who accepted the initial proposal. A consensus decision takes into account all of the proper concerns raised. Ideally, it arrives with an absence of objections, but often we must settle for as wide an agreement as can be reached. When there is no wide agreement, consensus-building involves adapting the proposal to bring in dissenters without losing those who accepted the initial proposal.


⚫ {{Anchor|E|Reaching consensus through editing}}
===Through editing=== ===Through editing===
{{policy shortcut|WP:EDITCONSENSUS}} {{Shortcut|WP:EDITCON|WP:EDITCONSENSUS|WP:IMPLICITCONSENSUS}}
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⚫ ] it. ''Seek a compromise'' means "attempt to find a generally acceptable solution", either through continued editing or through discussion.]]
{{further|Misplaced Pages:Editing policy|Misplaced Pages:Be bold}} {{further|Misplaced Pages:Editing policy|Misplaced Pages:Be bold}}


⚫ ] of how consensus is reached. When an edit is made, other editors may either accept it, change it, or ] it. ''Seek a compromise'' means "attempt to find a generally acceptable solution", either through continued editing or through discussion.]]
Consensus is a normal and usually implicit and invisible process across Misplaced Pages. Any edit that is not disputed or reverted by another editor ]. Should that edit later be revised by another editor without dispute, it can be assumed that a new consensus has been reached. In this way, the encyclopedia is gradually added to and improved over time.


Misplaced Pages consensus usually occurs implicitly. An edit has ] until it is disputed or reverted. Should another editor revise that edit, the new edit will have presumed consensus until it meets with disagreement. In this way, the ].
⚫ All edits should be explained (unless the reason for them is obvious) – either by clear ] indicating the reason why the change was made, or by discussion on the article talk page. Substantive, informative edit summaries indicate what issues need to be addressed in subsequent efforts to reach consensus. Edit summaries are especially important when ] another editor's ] work. Repeated reversions are contrary to Misplaced Pages policy under ], except for specific policy-based material (such as ] exceptions) and for reversions of ].


⚫ All edits should be explained (unless the reason for them is obvious)—either by clear ], or by discussion on the associated talk page. Substantive, informative explanations indicate what issues must be addressed in subsequent efforts to reach consensus. Explanations are especially important when ] another editor's ] work.
Except in cases affected by content ], most disputes over content may be resolved through minor changes rather than taking an all-or-nothing position. Often, a simple rewording will satisfy all editors' concerns. Whether changes come through editing or through discussion, the encyclopedia is best improved through collaboration and consensus, not through combat and capitulation.


Be ''']''', but not rash. In most cases, the first thing to try is an edit to the article, and sometimes making such an edit will resolve a dispute. Use clear edit summaries that explain the purpose of the edit. If the edit is reverted, try making a compromise edit that addresses the other editors' concerns. Edit summaries are useful, but do not try to discuss disputes across multiple edit summaries; that is generally viewed as ] and may incur sanctions. If an edit is reverted and further edits seem likely to meet the same fate, create a new section on the article's talk page to discuss the issue. Except in cases affected by content ], most disputes over content may be resolved through minor changes rather than taking an all-or-nothing position. If your first edit is reverted, try to think of a compromise edit that addresses the other editor's concerns. If you can't, or if you do and your second edit is reverted, create a new section on the associated talk page to discuss the dispute.

], but not rash. Whether changes come through editing or through discussion, the encyclopedia is best improved through ] and ], not combat and capitulation. Repeated reversions are contrary to Misplaced Pages policy under ], except for specific policy-based material (such as ] exceptions) and reversions of ]. This is true even if editors are using edit summaries to "discuss" the dispute every time they revert.

{{Anchor|Through discussion-Gradually improving|reason=Unknown; maybe old section name?}}


===Through discussion=== ===Through discussion===
{{Shortcut|WP:DISCUSSCONSENSUS}}
{{further|Misplaced Pages:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle}} {{further|Misplaced Pages:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle}}
When agreement cannot be reached through editing alone, the consensus-forming process becomes more explicit: editors open a section on the ] and try to work out the dispute through discussion. Here editors try to ''persuade others'', using ''reasons'' based in policy, sources, and common sense; they can also suggest alternative solutions or compromises that may satisfy all concerns. The result might be an agreement that does not satisfy anyone completely, but that all recognize as a reasonable solution. {{Anchor|Through_discussion-Gradually_improving}}Consensus is an ongoing process on Misplaced Pages; it is often better to accept a less-than-perfect compromise – with the understanding that the page is gradually improving – than to try to fight to implement a particular preferred version immediately. The quality of articles with combative editors is, as a rule, far lower than that of articles where editors take a longer view. When agreement cannot be reached through editing alone, the consensus-forming process becomes more explicit: editors open a section on the associated ] and try to work out the dispute through discussion, using {{em|reasons}} based in policy, sources, and common sense; they can also suggest alternative solutions or compromises that may satisfy all concerns. The result might be an agreement that may not satisfy everyone completely, but indicates the overall concurrence of the group. Consensus is an ongoing process on Misplaced Pages; it is often better to accept a less-than-perfect compromise—with the understanding that the page is gradually improving—than to try to fight to implement a particular preferred version immediately.


When editors have a particularly difficult time reaching a consensus, several processes are available for consensus-building (], ]), and even more extreme processes that will take authoritative steps to end the dispute (], ], and ]). Keep in mind, however, that administrators are primarily concerned with policy and editor behavior and will not decide content issues authoritatively. They may block editors for behaviors that interfere with the consensus process (such as ], ], or a lack of ]). They may also make decisions about whether edits are or are not allowable under policy, but will not usually go beyond such actions. When editors have a particularly difficult time reaching a consensus, several processes are available for consensus-building (], ], ]), and even more extreme processes that will take authoritative steps to end the dispute (], ]). Keep in mind, however, that administrators are primarily concerned with policy and editor behavior and will not decide content issues authoritatively. They may block editors for behaviors that interfere with the consensus process (such as ], ], or a lack of ]). They may also make decisions about whether edits are or are not allowable under policy, but will not usually go beyond such actions.


===Consensus-building=== ===Consensus-building===
{{see|Misplaced Pages:Dispute resolution}} {{see|Misplaced Pages:Dispute resolution}}


Editors who maintain a neutral, detached, and civil attitude can usually reach consensus on an article through the process described above. They may still occasionally find themselves at an impasse, either because they cannot find rational grounds to settle a dispute or because one or both sides of the discussion become emotionally or ideologically invested in ''winning'' an argument. What follows are suggestions for resolving intractable disputes, along with descriptions of several formal and informal processes that may help. Editors who maintain a neutral, detached, and civil attitude can usually reach consensus on an article through the process described above. They may still occasionally find themselves at an impasse, either because they cannot find rational grounds to settle a dispute or because one or both sides of the discussion become emotionally or ideologically invested in {{em|winning}} an argument. What follows are suggestions for resolving intractable disputes, along with descriptions of several formal and informal processes that may help.


⚫ {{Anchor|talk|Talk|TALK}}
====In talk pages==== ====In talk pages====
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{{See also|Misplaced Pages:Talk page guidelines}} {{See also|Misplaced Pages:Talk page guidelines}}
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⚫ {{anchor|talk|Talk|TALK}}

In determining consensus, consider the quality of the arguments, the history of how they came about, the objections of those who disagree, and existing policies and guidelines. The quality of an argument is more important than whether it represents a minority or a majority view. The arguments "I just don't like it" and "I just like it" usually carry no weight whatsoever. In determining consensus, consider the quality of the arguments, the history of how they came about, the objections of those who disagree, and existing policies and guidelines. The quality of an argument is more important than whether it represents a minority or a majority view. The arguments "I just don't like it" and "I just like it" usually carry no weight whatsoever.


Limit article talk page discussions to discussion of sources, article focus, and policy. If an edit is challenged, or is likely to be challenged, editors should use talk pages to explain why an addition, change, or removal improves the article, and hence the encyclopedia. Consensus can be assumed if no editors object to a change. Editors who ignore talk page discussions yet continue to edit in or revert disputed material, or who stonewall discussions, may be guilty of ] and incur sanctions. Consensus cannot always be assumed simply because editors stop responding to talk page discussions in which they have already participated. Limit article talk page discussions to discussion of sources, article focus, and policy. If an edit is challenged, or is likely to be challenged, editors should use talk pages to explain why an addition, change, or removal improves the article, and hence the encyclopedia. Consensus can be assumed if no editors object to a change. Editors who ignore talk page discussions yet continue to edit in or revert disputed material, or who ] discussions, may be guilty of ] and incur sanctions. Consensus cannot always be assumed simply because editors stop responding to talk page discussions in which they have already participated.


The goal of a consensus-building discussion is to resolve disputes in a way that reflects Misplaced Pages's goals and policies while angering as few contributors as possible. Contributors with ] and ] are more likely to be successful than those who are less than civil to others. The goal of a consensus-building discussion is to resolve disputes in a way that reflects Misplaced Pages's goals and policies while angering as few editors as possible. Editors with ] and ] are more likely to be successful than those who are less than civil to others.


====By soliciting outside opinions==== ====By soliciting outside opinions====
⚫ When talk page discussions fail—generally because two editors (or two groups of editors) simply cannot see eye to eye on an issue—Misplaced Pages has several established processes to attract outside editors to offer opinions. This is often useful to break simple, good-faith deadlocks, because editors uninvolved in the discussion can bring in fresh perspectives, and can help involved editors see middle ground that they cannot see for themselves. The main resources for this are as follows:


;] (3O): A neutral third party will give non-binding advice on the dispute. Reserved for cases where exactly two editors are in dispute.
⚫ When talk page discussions fail – generally because two editors (or two groups of editors) simply cannot see eye to eye on an issue – Misplaced Pages has several established processes to attract outside editors to offer opinions. This is often useful to break simple, good-faith deadlocks, because uninvolved editors can bring in fresh perspectives, and can help involved editors see middle ground that they cannot see for themselves. The main resources for this are as follows:
⚫ ;]: Most policy and guideline pages, and many ], have noticeboards for interested editors. Posting a neutrally worded notice of the dispute on applicable noticeboards (or in some cases only their talk pages) will make the dispute more visible to other editors who may have worthwhile opinions.

⚫ ;] (DRN): For disputes involving more than two parties, moderators help the parties come to consensus by suggesting analysis, critiques, compromises, or mediation, but generally limited to simple disputes which can quickly be resolved.
;]: 3O (Third Opinion) is reserved for cases where exactly two editors are in dispute. A neutral third party will give non-binding advice on the dispute.
⚫ ;] (RfC): Placement of a formal neutrally worded notice on the article talk page inviting others to participate which is ] onto RfC noticeboards.
⚫ ;]: Most policy and guideline pages, and many Misplaced Pages projects, have noticeboards for interested editors. Posting neutrally worded notice of the dispute on applicable noticeboards will make the dispute more visible to other editors who may have worthwhile opinions.
⚫ ;]: Neutrally worded notification of a dispute here also may bring in additional editors who may help.
⚫ ;]: For disputes involving more than two parties, moderators help the parties come to consensus by suggesting analysis, critiques, compromises, or mediation, but generally limited to simple disputes which can quickly be resolved.
⚫ Many of these discussions will involve ] of one sort or another; but as consensus is determined by the quality of arguments (not by a simple counted majority), polls should be regarded as structured discussions rather than ]. Responses indicating individual explanations of positions using Misplaced Pages policies and guidelines are given the highest weight.
;]: For disputes involving many parties or complicated issues or which otherwise need more time for resolution than is allowed at the Dispute Resolution Noticeboard, the Mediation Committee is staffed by members with proven mediation ability.
⚫ ;]: Placement of a formal neutrally worded notice on the article talk page inviting others to participate which is ] onto ] noticeboards.
⚫ ;]: Neutrally worded notification of a dispute here also may bring in additional editors who may help.
⚫ Many of these discussions will involve ] of one sort or another; but as consensus is determined by the quality of arguments (not by a simple counted majority), polls should be regarded as structured discussions rather than ]. Responses indicating individual explanations of positions using Misplaced Pages policies and guidelines are given the highest weight.


====Administrative or community intervention==== ====Administrative or community intervention====
{{policy shortcut|WP:CONADMIN}} {{Shortcut|WP:CONADMIN}}


In some cases, disputes are personal or ideological rather than mere disagreements about content, and these may require the intervention of administrators or the community as a whole. Sysops will not rule on content, but may intervene to enforce policy (such as ]) or to impose sanctions on editors who are disrupting the consensus process. Sometimes merely asking for an administrator's attention on a talk page will suffice; as a rule, sysops have large numbers of pages watchlisted, and there is a likelihood that someone will see it and respond. However, there are established resources for working with intransigent editors, as follows: In some cases, disputes are personal or ideological rather than mere disagreements about content, and these may require the intervention of administrators or the community as a whole. Sysops will not rule on content, but may intervene to enforce policy (such as ]) or to impose sanctions on editors who are disrupting the consensus process. Sometimes merely asking for an administrator's attention on a talk page will suffice; as a rule, sysops have large numbers of pages watchlisted, and there is a likelihood that someone will see it and respond. However, there are established resources for working with intransigent editors, as follows:


; Noticeboards
<!-- ;]: Wikiquette is a voluntary, informal discussion forum that can be used to help an editor recognize that they have misunderstood some aspect of Misplaced Pages standards. Rudeness, inappropriate reasoning, POV-pushing, collusion, and any other mild irregularities that interfere with the smooth operating of the consensus process are appropriate reasons for turning to Wikiquette. The process can be double-edged&nbsp;– expect Wikiquette respondents to be painfully objective about the nature of the problem&nbsp;– but can serve to clear up personal disputes. -->
; Noticeboards: As noted previously, policy pages generally have noticeboards, and many administrators watch them. : As noted previously, policy pages generally have noticeboards, and many administrators watch them.
;] and general ]: These are noticeboards for administrators. They are high-volume noticeboards and should be used sparingly. Use AN for issues that need eyes but may not need immediate action; use ANI for more pressing issues. Do not use either except at need. ; ] and general ]
: These are noticeboards for administrators. They are high-volume noticeboards and should be used sparingly. Use AN for issues that need eyes but may not need immediate action; use ANI for more pressing issues. Do not use either except at need.
;]: The final step for intractable disputes. The Arbitration Committee may rule on almost any aspect of a dispute other than on a content dispute, and has broad powers in its decisions. ; ]
: The final step for intractable disputes. The ] (ArbCom) may rule on almost any behavioral or policy-interpretation aspect of a dispute, and has broad powers in its decisions. ArbCom does not settle ] or change policy.


====Pitfalls and errors==== ====Pitfalls and errors====

The following are common mistakes made by editors when trying to build consensus: The following are common mistakes made by editors when trying to build consensus:
* '''Off-wiki discussions.''' Discussions on other websites, web forums, ], by e-mail, or otherwise off the project are generally discouraged, and are not taken into account when determining consensus "on-wiki". In some cases, such off-wiki communication may generate suspicion and mistrust. Most Misplaced Pages-related discussions should be held on Misplaced Pages where they can be viewed by all participants. * '''Off-wiki discussions.''' Consensus is reached through on-wiki discussion or by editing. Discussions elsewhere are not taken into account. In some cases, such off-wiki communication may generate suspicion and mistrust.
* '''], ], and ].''' Any effort to gather participants to a community discussion that has the effect of biasing that discussion is unacceptable. While it is ]&nbsp;– even encouraged&nbsp;– to invite people into a discussion to obtain new insights and arguments, it is ] to invite only people favorable to a particular point of view, or to invite people in a way that will prejudice their opinions on the matter. Using an alternative persona ("sock puppet", or "sock") to influence consensus is absolutely forbidden. Neutral, informative messages to Misplaced Pages noticeboards, WikiProjects, or editors are permitted; but actions that could reasonably be interpreted as an attempt to "stuff the ballot box" or otherwise compromise the consensus-building process are considered disruptive editing. * '''], ], and ].''' Any effort to gather participants to a community discussion that has the effect of biasing that discussion is unacceptable. While it is ]—even encouraged—to invite people into a discussion to obtain new insights and arguments, it is ] to invite only people favorable to a particular point of view, or to invite people in a way that will prejudice their opinions on the matter. Using an alternative persona ("sock puppet", or "sock") to influence consensus is absolutely forbidden. Neutral, informative messages to Misplaced Pages ], ], or editors are permitted; but actions that could reasonably be interpreted as an attempt to "stuff the ballot box" or otherwise compromise the consensus-building process are considered disruptive.
* '''].''' The continuous, aggressive pursuit of an editorial goal is considered disruptive, and should be avoided. Editors should ], respond, and cooperate to build a better article. Editors who refuse to allow any consensus except the one they insist on, and who ] indefinitely to attain that goal, risk damaging the consensus process. * '''].''' The continuous, aggressive pursuit of an editorial goal is considered disruptive, and should be avoided. Editors should ], respond, and cooperate to build a better article. Editors who refuse to allow any consensus except the one they insist on, and who ] indefinitely to attain that goal, risk damaging the consensus process.
⚫ * {{Shortcut|WP:FORUMSHOP}}{{Anchor|Forum shopping|Forumshopping|Forum-shopping|FORUMSHOP|ADMINSHOP|OTHERPARENT}} '''Forum shopping, admin shopping, and spin-doctoring.''' Raising essentially the same issue on multiple noticeboards and talk pages, or to multiple administrators or reviewers, or any one of these repetitively, is unhelpful to finding and achieving consensus. It does not help develop consensus to try different forums in the hope of finding one where you get the answer you {{em|want}}. (This is also known as "asking the other parent".) Queries placed on noticeboards and talk pages should be phrased as neutrally as possible, in order to get uninvolved and neutral additional opinions. Where multiple issues do exist, then the raising of the individual issues on the correct pages may be reasonable, but in that case it is normally best to give links to show where else you have raised the question.
{{shortcut|WP:FORUMSHOP|WP:ADMINSHOP|WP:OTHERPARENT}}
⚫ * {{anchors|FORUMSHOP|ADMINSHOP|OTHERPARENT}}'''Forum shopping, admin shopping, and spin-doctoring.''' Raising essentially the same issue on multiple noticeboards and talk pages, or to multiple administrators, or any of these repetitively, is unhelpful to finding and achieving consensus. It does not help develop consensus to try different forums in the hope of finding one where you get the answer you ''want''. (This is also known as "asking the other parent".) Queries placed on noticeboards and talk pages should be phrased as neutrally as possible, in order to get uninvolved and neutral additional opinions. Where multiple issues do exist, then the raising of the individual issues on the correct pages may be reasonable, but in that case it is normally best to give links to show where else you have raised the question.


==Determining consensus== ==Determining consensus==
{{Shortcut|WP:DETCON}}
{{redirect-distinguish|WP:DCON|Misplaced Pages:Deletion process#Determining consensus}}
{{see also|Misplaced Pages:Closing discussions}} {{see also|Misplaced Pages:Closing discussions}}
Consensus is ascertained by the quality of the arguments given on the various sides of an issue, as viewed through the lens of Misplaced Pages policy. Consensus is ascertained by the quality of the arguments given on the various sides of an issue, as viewed through the lens of Misplaced Pages policy.


{{Anchor|Level of consensus}}
===Levels of consensus=== ===Levels of consensus===
⚫ {{Shortcut|WP:CONLEVEL|WP:LOCALCONSENSUS}}
⚫ {{Anchor|Level of consensus}}
⚫ {{see also2|The ]{{'s}} ]}}
⚫ {{Policy shortcut|WP:CONLIMITED|WP:LOCALCONSENSUS}}
Consensus among a limited group of editors, at one place and time, cannot override community consensus on a wider scale. For instance, unless they can convince the broader community that such action is right, participants in a ] cannot decide that some generally accepted ] does not apply to articles within its scope. ], ] and ] have not formally been approved by the community through the ], thus have no more status than an ]. Consensus among a limited group of editors, at one place and time, cannot override community consensus on a wider scale. For instance, unless they can convince the broader community that such action is right, participants in a ] cannot decide that some generally accepted ] does not apply to articles within its scope.


], ], ], and ] have not gone through the ] and may or may not represent a broad community consensus.
⚫ Misplaced Pages has a standard of participation and consensus for changes to ]. Their stability and consistency are important to the community. Accordingly, editors often propose substantive changes on the talk page first to permit discussion before implementing the change. ] changes are rarely welcome on policy pages. Improvements to policy are best made slowly and conservatively, with active efforts to seek out input and agreement from others.


⚫ Misplaced Pages has a standard of participation and consensus for changes to ]. Their stability and consistency are important to the community. Accordingly, editors often propose substantive changes on the talk page first to permit discussion before implementing the change. ] changes are permitted but rarely welcome on policy pages. Improvements to policy are best made slowly and conservatively, with active efforts to seek out input and agreement from others.
⚫ {{see also2|].}}


===No consensus=== {{Anchor|No consensus}}
⚫ {{policy shortcut|WP:NOCON|WP:NOCONSENSUS}}
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=== No consensus after discussion ===
⚫ This section summarizes existing policies and guidelines. It does not make any new rules. If this page and the more specific policy or guideline disagree, then this one should be changed to conform with the more specific page.
{{Split section to|Misplaced Pages:Closing discussions|discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#WP:NOCONSENSUS|date=August 2024}}
⚫ {{Shortcut|WP:NOCON|WP:NOCONSENSUS}}
:''For an essay recommending a best practice during discussion of contested material, see ].''
⚫ {{info|This section summarizes existing policies, guidelines, and processes. It does not make any new rules. If this page and the more specific policy or guideline disagree, then this one is wrong and should be changed to conform with the more specific page. Avoid quoting this summary; instead, directly refer to the specific policy, guideline, or process that this section attempts to summarize.}}


What happens when a ] concludes with no agreement to take or not take an action? It depends on the context:
-->
Discussions sometimes result in no consensus to take or not take an action. What happens next depends on the context:


* In ], a lack of consensus normally results in the article, page, image, or other content being kept. * When discussions of '''proposals to ] articles, media, or other pages''' end without consensus, the normal result is the content being kept.
** However, in ], no consensus closes may ].
⚫ * In discussions of proposals to add, modify or remove material in articles, a lack of consensus commonly results in retaining the version of the article as it was prior to the proposal or bold edit. However, for ] matters related to ], a lack of consensus often results in the removal of the contentious matter, regardless of whether the proposal was to add, modify or remove it.
** Similarly, in ], if there is ''significant doubt'' raised about the copyright status of a file, the closing administrator may choose to delete the file under the ].
* When ] are contested and the discussion results in no consensus either for the action or for reverting the action, the action is normally reverted.
* When discussions of '''proposals to add, modify, or remove material in articles''' end without consensus, the common result is to retain the version of the article as it was prior to the proposal or bold edit. However:
⚫ * In disputes over ], disputed links are removed unless and until there is a consensus to include them.
⚫ ** ''Living people.'' In discussions related to ], a lack of consensus often results in the removal of the contentious matter, regardless of whether the proposal was to add, modify, or remove it.
* In ] discussions (]), the policy gives a default action for a no-consensus result:
** ''Copyright violation.'' When the material in question is a suspected ], it must be removed immediately and not restored when a discussion ends without consensus.
⚫ :*"If it has never been stable, or it has been unstable for a long time, and no consensus can be reached on what the title should be, default to the title used by the first major contributor after the article ceased to be a ]."
⚫ ** ''External links.'' In disputes over ], disputed links are removed unless and until there is a consensus to include them.
⚫ * When '''article title''' discussions end without consensus, the ] preserves the most recent stable title. If there is no prior stable title, then the default is the title used by the first major contributor after the article ceased to be a ].


==Consensus can change== ==Consensus can change==
{{policy shortcut|WP:CCC}} {{Shortcut|WP:CCC|WP:CONSENSUSCANCHANGE}}


Editors may propose a change to current consensus, especially to raise previously unconsidered arguments or circumstances. On the other hand, proposing to change a recent consensus can be disruptive. Editors may propose a change to current consensus, especially to raise previously unconsidered arguments or circumstances. On the other hand, proposing to change a recently established consensus can be disruptive.


Editors may propose a consensus change by ] or ]. That said, in most cases, an editor who knows a proposed change will modify a matter resolved by past discussion should propose that change by discussion. Editors who revert a change proposed by an edit should generally avoid terse explanations (such as "against consensus") which provide little guidance to the proposing editor (or, if you do use such terse explanations, it is helpful to ''also'' include a link to the discussion where the consensus was formed). Editors may propose a consensus change by ] or ]. That said, in most cases, an editor who knows a proposed change will modify a matter resolved by past discussion should propose that change by discussion. Editors who revert a change proposed by an edit should generally avoid terse explanations (such as "against consensus") which provide little guidance to the proposing editor (or, if you do use such terse explanations, it is helpful to {{em|also}} include a link to the discussion where the consensus was formed).


==Decisions not subject to consensus of editors== ==Decisions not subject to consensus of editors==
⚫ {{Shortcut|WP:CONEXCEPT}}
⚫ Certain policies and decisions made by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), its officers, and the ] of Misplaced Pages are outside the purview of editor consensus. This does not constitute an exhaustive list as much as a reminder that the decisions taken under this project apply only to the workings of the self-governing community of English Misplaced Pages.


⚫ * The WMF has legal control over, and liability for, Misplaced Pages. Decisions, rulings, and acts of the WMF Board and its duly appointed designees take precedence over, and preempt, consensus. A consensus among editors that any such decision, ruling, or act violates ] may be communicated to the WMF in writing.
⚫ Certain policies and decisions made by the Wikimedia Foundation ("WMF"), its officers, and the ] of Misplaced Pages are outside the purview of editor consensus.
⚫ {{policy shortcut|WP:CONEXCEPT}}
⚫ * The WMF has legal control over, and liability for, Misplaced Pages. Decisions, rulings, and acts of the WMF Board and its duly appointed designees take precedence over, and preempt, consensus. A consensus among editors that any such decision, ruling, or act violates <span class="plainlinks"></span> may be communicated to the WMF in writing.
* ] are not permitted to be reversed by editors except by prior explicit office permission. * ] are not permitted to be reversed by editors except by prior explicit office permission.
* The English Misplaced Pages Arbitration Committee may issue binding decisions, within its ], that override consensus. The committee has a noticeboard, ], for requests that such decisions be amended, and may amend such decisions at any time. * The English Misplaced Pages Arbitration Committee may issue binding decisions, within its ], that override consensus. The committee has a noticeboard, ], for requests that such decisions be amended, and may amend such decisions at any time.
* Some matters that may seem subject to the consensus of the community at the English-language Misplaced Pages (''en.wikipedia.org'') are, in fact, in a separate domain. In particular, the community of MediaWiki software developers, including both paid Wikimedia Foundation staff and volunteers, and the activities of ], are largely separate entities, as are the many non-English Wikipedias. These independent, co-equal communities operate however they deem necessary or appropriate, such as adding, removing, or changing software features (see ]), or accepting or rejecting images, even if their actions are not endorsed by editors here. This does not constitute an exhaustive list as much as a reminder that the decisions taken under this project apply only to the workings of the self-governing community of English Misplaced Pages. * Some matters that may seem subject to the consensus of the community at the English-language Misplaced Pages (<samp>en.wikipedia.org</samp>) are in a separate domain. In particular, the community of ] software developers, including both paid Wikimedia Foundation staff and volunteers, and ], are largely separate entities. These independent, co-equal communities operate however they deem necessary or appropriate, such as adding, removing, or changing software features {{crossref|(see ])}}, or accepting or rejecting some contributions, even if their actions are not endorsed by editors here.


==See also== ==See also==
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For a listing of ongoing discussions and current requests, see the ]. For a listing of ongoing discussions and current requests, see the ].


'''] and ] concerning consensus:''' '''] and ] concerning consensus:'''
* ] * {{slink|Misplaced Pages:Essay directory|Discussions and consensus}}
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'''Articles concerning consensus:''' '''Articles concerning consensus:'''
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{{Misplaced Pages principles}} {{Misplaced Pages principles}}

Latest revision as of 15:52, 26 December 2024

Misplaced Pages policy

"WP:CON" redirects here. Not to be confused with Misplaced Pages:Conflict of interest, Misplaced Pages:Reliable sources § Academic consensus, Help:Edit conflict, or Misplaced Pages:WikiCon.
This page documents an English Misplaced Pages policy.It describes a widely accepted standard that editors should normally follow, though exceptions may apply. Changes made to it should reflect consensus.Shortcut
This page in a nutshell: This policy describes how consensus is understood on Misplaced Pages, how to determine whether it has been achieved (and how to proceed if it has not), and describes exceptions to the principle that all decisions are made by consensus.
Conduct policies

Consensus is Misplaced Pages's fundamental method of decision making. It involves an effort to address editors' legitimate concerns through a process of compromise while following Misplaced Pages's policies and guidelines. It is accepted as the best method to achieve the Five Pillars—Misplaced Pages's goals. Consensus on Misplaced Pages does not require unanimity (which is ideal but rarely achievable), nor is it the result of a vote.

Achieving consensus

Shortcut

Editors usually reach consensus as a natural process. After one changes a page, others who read it can choose whether or not to further edit. When editors do not reach agreement by editing, discussion on the associated talk pages continues the process toward consensus.

A consensus decision takes into account all of the proper concerns raised. Ideally, it arrives with an absence of objections, but often we must settle for as wide an agreement as can be reached. When there is no wide agreement, consensus-building involves adapting the proposal to bring in dissenters without losing those who accepted the initial proposal.

Through editing

Shortcuts "WP:EDITCON" redirects here. Not to be confused with Help:Edit conflict. Further information: Misplaced Pages:Editing policy and Misplaced Pages:Be bold
Image of a process flowchart. The start symbol is labeled "Previous consensus" with an arrow pointing to "Edit", then to a decision symbol labeled "Was the article edited further?". From this first decision, "no" points to an end symbol labeled "New consensus". "Yes" points to another decision symbol labeled "Do you agree?". From this second decision, "yes" points to the "New Consensus" end symbol. "No" points to "Seek a compromise", then back to the previously mentioned "Edit", thus making a loop.
A simplified flowchart of how consensus is reached. When an edit is made, other editors may either accept it, change it, or revert it. Seek a compromise means "attempt to find a generally acceptable solution", either through continued editing or through discussion.

Misplaced Pages consensus usually occurs implicitly. An edit has presumed consensus until it is disputed or reverted. Should another editor revise that edit, the new edit will have presumed consensus until it meets with disagreement. In this way, the encyclopedia gradually improves over time.

All edits should be explained (unless the reason for them is obvious)—either by clear edit summaries, or by discussion on the associated talk page. Substantive, informative explanations indicate what issues must be addressed in subsequent efforts to reach consensus. Explanations are especially important when reverting another editor's good-faith work.

Except in cases affected by content policies or guidelines, most disputes over content may be resolved through minor changes rather than taking an all-or-nothing position. If your first edit is reverted, try to think of a compromise edit that addresses the other editor's concerns. If you can't, or if you do and your second edit is reverted, create a new section on the associated talk page to discuss the dispute.

Be bold, but not rash. Whether changes come through editing or through discussion, the encyclopedia is best improved through collaboration and consensus, not combat and capitulation. Repeated reversions are contrary to Misplaced Pages policy under edit warring, except for specific policy-based material (such as BLP exceptions) and reversions of vandalism. This is true even if editors are using edit summaries to "discuss" the dispute every time they revert.

Through discussion

Shortcut Further information: Misplaced Pages:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle

When agreement cannot be reached through editing alone, the consensus-forming process becomes more explicit: editors open a section on the associated talk page and try to work out the dispute through discussion, using reasons based in policy, sources, and common sense; they can also suggest alternative solutions or compromises that may satisfy all concerns. The result might be an agreement that may not satisfy everyone completely, but indicates the overall concurrence of the group. Consensus is an ongoing process on Misplaced Pages; it is often better to accept a less-than-perfect compromise—with the understanding that the page is gradually improving—than to try to fight to implement a particular preferred version immediately.

When editors have a particularly difficult time reaching a consensus, several processes are available for consensus-building (third opinions, dispute resolution noticeboard, requests for comment), and even more extreme processes that will take authoritative steps to end the dispute (administrator intervention, arbitration). Keep in mind, however, that administrators are primarily concerned with policy and editor behavior and will not decide content issues authoritatively. They may block editors for behaviors that interfere with the consensus process (such as edit-warring, abuse of multiple accounts, or a lack of civility). They may also make decisions about whether edits are or are not allowable under policy, but will not usually go beyond such actions.

Consensus-building

Further information: Misplaced Pages:Dispute resolution

Editors who maintain a neutral, detached, and civil attitude can usually reach consensus on an article through the process described above. They may still occasionally find themselves at an impasse, either because they cannot find rational grounds to settle a dispute or because one or both sides of the discussion become emotionally or ideologically invested in winning an argument. What follows are suggestions for resolving intractable disputes, along with descriptions of several formal and informal processes that may help.

In talk pages

Shortcut See also: Misplaced Pages:Talk page guidelines

In determining consensus, consider the quality of the arguments, the history of how they came about, the objections of those who disagree, and existing policies and guidelines. The quality of an argument is more important than whether it represents a minority or a majority view. The arguments "I just don't like it" and "I just like it" usually carry no weight whatsoever.

Limit article talk page discussions to discussion of sources, article focus, and policy. If an edit is challenged, or is likely to be challenged, editors should use talk pages to explain why an addition, change, or removal improves the article, and hence the encyclopedia. Consensus can be assumed if no editors object to a change. Editors who ignore talk page discussions yet continue to edit in or revert disputed material, or who stonewall discussions, may be guilty of disruptive editing and incur sanctions. Consensus cannot always be assumed simply because editors stop responding to talk page discussions in which they have already participated.

The goal of a consensus-building discussion is to resolve disputes in a way that reflects Misplaced Pages's goals and policies while angering as few editors as possible. Editors with good social skills and good negotiation skills are more likely to be successful than those who are less than civil to others.

By soliciting outside opinions

When talk page discussions fail—generally because two editors (or two groups of editors) simply cannot see eye to eye on an issue—Misplaced Pages has several established processes to attract outside editors to offer opinions. This is often useful to break simple, good-faith deadlocks, because editors uninvolved in the discussion can bring in fresh perspectives, and can help involved editors see middle ground that they cannot see for themselves. The main resources for this are as follows:

Third opinion (3O)
A neutral third party will give non-binding advice on the dispute. Reserved for cases where exactly two editors are in dispute.
Noticeboards
Most policy and guideline pages, and many wikiprojects, have noticeboards for interested editors. Posting a neutrally worded notice of the dispute on applicable noticeboards (or in some cases only their talk pages) will make the dispute more visible to other editors who may have worthwhile opinions.
Dispute resolution noticeboard (DRN)
For disputes involving more than two parties, moderators help the parties come to consensus by suggesting analysis, critiques, compromises, or mediation, but generally limited to simple disputes which can quickly be resolved.
Requests for comment (RfC)
Placement of a formal neutrally worded notice on the article talk page inviting others to participate which is transcluded onto RfC noticeboards.
Village pump
Neutrally worded notification of a dispute here also may bring in additional editors who may help.

Many of these discussions will involve polls of one sort or another; but as consensus is determined by the quality of arguments (not by a simple counted majority), polls should be regarded as structured discussions rather than voting. Responses indicating individual explanations of positions using Misplaced Pages policies and guidelines are given the highest weight.

Administrative or community intervention

Shortcut

In some cases, disputes are personal or ideological rather than mere disagreements about content, and these may require the intervention of administrators or the community as a whole. Sysops will not rule on content, but may intervene to enforce policy (such as WP:Biographies of living persons) or to impose sanctions on editors who are disrupting the consensus process. Sometimes merely asking for an administrator's attention on a talk page will suffice; as a rule, sysops have large numbers of pages watchlisted, and there is a likelihood that someone will see it and respond. However, there are established resources for working with intransigent editors, as follows:

Noticeboards
As noted previously, policy pages generally have noticeboards, and many administrators watch them.
Administrators' noticeboard of incidents and general Administrators' noticeboard
These are noticeboards for administrators. They are high-volume noticeboards and should be used sparingly. Use AN for issues that need eyes but may not need immediate action; use ANI for more pressing issues. Do not use either except at need.
Requests for arbitration
The final step for intractable disputes. The Arbitration Committee (ArbCom) may rule on almost any behavioral or policy-interpretation aspect of a dispute, and has broad powers in its decisions. ArbCom does not settle content disputes or change policy.

Pitfalls and errors

The following are common mistakes made by editors when trying to build consensus:

  • Off-wiki discussions. Consensus is reached through on-wiki discussion or by editing. Discussions elsewhere are not taken into account. In some cases, such off-wiki communication may generate suspicion and mistrust.
  • Canvassing, sock puppetry, and meat puppetry. Any effort to gather participants to a community discussion that has the effect of biasing that discussion is unacceptable. While it is fine—even encouraged—to invite people into a discussion to obtain new insights and arguments, it is not acceptable to invite only people favorable to a particular point of view, or to invite people in a way that will prejudice their opinions on the matter. Using an alternative persona ("sock puppet", or "sock") to influence consensus is absolutely forbidden. Neutral, informative messages to Misplaced Pages noticeboards, wikiprojects, or editors are permitted; but actions that could reasonably be interpreted as an attempt to "stuff the ballot box" or otherwise compromise the consensus-building process are considered disruptive.
  • Tendentious editing. The continuous, aggressive pursuit of an editorial goal is considered disruptive, and should be avoided. Editors should listen, respond, and cooperate to build a better article. Editors who refuse to allow any consensus except the one they insist on, and who filibuster indefinitely to attain that goal, risk damaging the consensus process.
  • Shortcut Forum shopping, admin shopping, and spin-doctoring. Raising essentially the same issue on multiple noticeboards and talk pages, or to multiple administrators or reviewers, or any one of these repetitively, is unhelpful to finding and achieving consensus. It does not help develop consensus to try different forums in the hope of finding one where you get the answer you want. (This is also known as "asking the other parent".) Queries placed on noticeboards and talk pages should be phrased as neutrally as possible, in order to get uninvolved and neutral additional opinions. Where multiple issues do exist, then the raising of the individual issues on the correct pages may be reasonable, but in that case it is normally best to give links to show where else you have raised the question.

Determining consensus

Shortcut "WP:DCON" redirects here. Not to be confused with Misplaced Pages:Deletion process § Determining consensus. See also: Misplaced Pages:Closing discussions

Consensus is ascertained by the quality of the arguments given on the various sides of an issue, as viewed through the lens of Misplaced Pages policy.

Levels of consensus

Shortcuts See also: The Arbitration Committee's statement of principles on levels of consensus

Consensus among a limited group of editors, at one place and time, cannot override community consensus on a wider scale. For instance, unless they can convince the broader community that such action is right, participants in a WikiProject cannot decide that some generally accepted policy or guideline does not apply to articles within its scope.

WikiProject advice pages, how-to and information pages, template documentation pages, and essays have not gone through the policy and guideline proposal process and may or may not represent a broad community consensus.

Misplaced Pages has a standard of participation and consensus for changes to policies and guidelines. Their stability and consistency are important to the community. Accordingly, editors often propose substantive changes on the talk page first to permit discussion before implementing the change. Undiscussed bold changes are permitted but rarely welcome on policy pages. Improvements to policy are best made slowly and conservatively, with active efforts to seek out input and agreement from others.

No consensus after discussion

It has been suggested that this section be split out into another page titled Misplaced Pages:Closing discussions. (Discuss) (August 2024)
Shortcuts
For an essay recommending a best practice during discussion of contested material, see WP:QUO.
This section summarizes existing policies, guidelines, and processes. It does not make any new rules. If this page and the more specific policy or guideline disagree, then this one is wrong and should be changed to conform with the more specific page. Avoid quoting this summary; instead, directly refer to the specific policy, guideline, or process that this section attempts to summarize.

What happens when a good faith discussion concludes with no agreement to take or not take an action? It depends on the context:

  • When discussions of proposals to delete articles, media, or other pages end without consensus, the normal result is the content being kept.
  • When discussions of proposals to add, modify, or remove material in articles end without consensus, the common result is to retain the version of the article as it was prior to the proposal or bold edit. However:
    • Living people. In discussions related to living people, a lack of consensus often results in the removal of the contentious matter, regardless of whether the proposal was to add, modify, or remove it.
    • Copyright violation. When the material in question is a suspected copyright violation, it must be removed immediately and not restored when a discussion ends without consensus.
    • External links. In disputes over external links, disputed links are removed unless and until there is a consensus to include them.
  • When article title discussions end without consensus, the applicable policy preserves the most recent stable title. If there is no prior stable title, then the default is the title used by the first major contributor after the article ceased to be a stub.

Consensus can change

Shortcuts

Editors may propose a change to current consensus, especially to raise previously unconsidered arguments or circumstances. On the other hand, proposing to change a recently established consensus can be disruptive.

Editors may propose a consensus change by discussion or editing. That said, in most cases, an editor who knows a proposed change will modify a matter resolved by past discussion should propose that change by discussion. Editors who revert a change proposed by an edit should generally avoid terse explanations (such as "against consensus") which provide little guidance to the proposing editor (or, if you do use such terse explanations, it is helpful to also include a link to the discussion where the consensus was formed).

Decisions not subject to consensus of editors

Shortcut

Certain policies and decisions made by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), its officers, and the Arbitration Committee of Misplaced Pages are outside the purview of editor consensus. This does not constitute an exhaustive list as much as a reminder that the decisions taken under this project apply only to the workings of the self-governing community of English Misplaced Pages.

  • The WMF has legal control over, and liability for, Misplaced Pages. Decisions, rulings, and acts of the WMF Board and its duly appointed designees take precedence over, and preempt, consensus. A consensus among editors that any such decision, ruling, or act violates Wikimedia Foundation policies may be communicated to the WMF in writing.
  • Office actions are not permitted to be reversed by editors except by prior explicit office permission.
  • The English Misplaced Pages Arbitration Committee may issue binding decisions, within its scope and responsibilities, that override consensus. The committee has a noticeboard, Misplaced Pages:Arbitration/Requests/Clarification and Amendment, for requests that such decisions be amended, and may amend such decisions at any time.
  • Some matters that may seem subject to the consensus of the community at the English-language Misplaced Pages (en.wikipedia.org) are in a separate domain. In particular, the community of MediaWiki software developers, including both paid Wikimedia Foundation staff and volunteers, and the sister wikis, are largely separate entities. These independent, co-equal communities operate however they deem necessary or appropriate, such as adding, removing, or changing software features (see meta:Limits to configuration changes), or accepting or rejecting some contributions, even if their actions are not endorsed by editors here.

See also

This page is referenced in the Misplaced Pages Glossary.

For a listing of ongoing discussions and current requests, see the dashboard.

Information pages and Misplaced Pages essays concerning consensus:

Articles concerning consensus:

Misplaced Pages principles
   

Five pillars
Statement of our principles

Jimbo's statement
Historic principles

Simplified ruleset
Synopsis of our conventions

Wikimedia principles
Common to all projects
(in Meta-Wiki)

Principles
Other essays on Misplaced Pages's principles

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Conduct (?)
P
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Deletion (?)
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Enforcement (?)
P
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G
Style
Classification
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WMF (?)
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