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{{Short description|Centaur comet with 34 year orbit}}
{{Infobox planet {{Infobox planet
| minorplanet=yes | minorplanet=yes
| background=#C7FF8F | background=#C7FF8F
| name=60558 Echeclus<br />174P/Echeclus | name=60558 Echeclus<br />174P/Echeclus
| symbol = ] (astrological)
| discoverer=] | discoverer=]
| discovered=3 March 2000 | discovered=3 March 2000
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| mpc_name=(60558) Echeclus | mpc_name=(60558) Echeclus
| alt_names={{mp|2000 EC|98}}, {{mp|2002 GJ|27}} | alt_names={{mp|2000 EC|98}}, {{mp|2002 GJ|27}}
| pronounced={{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˈ|k|ɛ|k|l|ə|s}} {{respell|i|KEK|ləs}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|ɪ|k|l|ə|s}} {{respell|EK|i|kləs}} | pronounced={{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|ᵻ|k|l|ə|s}}
| named_after=] ''Ekheklos''
| mp_category=] | mp_category=]
| orbit_ref=<ref name=jpldata /> | orbit_ref=<ref name=jpldata />
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| jupiter_moid={{Convert|0.838867|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} | jupiter_moid={{Convert|0.838867|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand=3.031 | tisserand=3.031
| dimensions=84 km<ref name=johnston>{{cite web | mean_diameter={{val|60|u=km}}<ref name=johnston>{{cite web
|date=22 August 2008 |date=22 August 2008
|title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects |title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects
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|author=Wm. Robert Johnston |author=Wm. Robert Johnston
|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html |url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|accessdate=2006-12-26| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061216155220/http://johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html| archivedate= 16 December 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name=spitzer> |access-date=2006-12-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061216155220/http://johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html| archive-date= 16 December 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=spitzer>
{{cite arXiv {{cite arXiv
|title=Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope |title=Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope
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|eprint=astro-ph/0702538 |eprint=astro-ph/0702538
|date=2007 |date=2007
|class=astro-ph
}}</ref> }}</ref>
| mass= | mass=
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|accessdate=12 April 2016 |accessdate=12 April 2016
}}</ref> }}</ref>
| spectral_type= ] = {{val|0.841|0.072}}<ref name="Hainaut-2012" /><br />] = {{val|0.502|0.065}}<ref name="Hainaut-2012" />
| spectral_type=
| magnitude=~18.8<ref name=AstDys>{{cite web | magnitude=~18.8<ref name=AstDys>{{cite web
|title=AstDys (60558) Echeclus Ephemerides |title=AstDys (60558) Echeclus Ephemerides
|publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy |publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
|url=http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=60558 |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=60558
|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> |access-date=2010-06-28}}</ref>
| abs_magnitude=9.6<ref name=jpldata/> | abs_magnitude=9.6<ref name=jpldata/>
| albedo=0.04<ref name=spitzer/> | albedo=0.04<ref name=spitzer/>
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}} }}


'''60558 Echeclus''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|ᵻ|k|l|ə|s}} is a ], approximately {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us|sigfig=2}} in diameter<ref>
⚫ '''60558 Echeclus''' is a ] in the outer ]. It was discovered by ] in 2000 and initially classified as a ] with ] {{mp|2000 EC|98}} (also written 2000 EC98). Research in 2001 by Rousselot and Petit at the Besançon observatory in France indicated that it was not a comet, but in late December 2005 a cometary ] was detected. In early 2006<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fg-kometen.de/fgk_hpe.htm| title=Homepage of the VdS-Fachgruppe Kometen| accessdate=2006-04-18| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060424060815/http://www.fg-kometen.de/fgk_hpe.htm| archivedate= 24 April 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> the Committee on Small Bodies Nomenclature (CSBN) gave it the ]ary designation '''174P/Echeclus'''. It last came to ] in April 2015,<ref name=jpldata/> and was expected to reach about ] 16.7 near ] in September 2015.<ref name="MPC-eph"/>
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/527/2/3624/7332922</ref>
⚫ , located in the ]. It was discovered by ] in 2000 and initially classified as a ] with ] {{mp|2000 EC|98}} (also written 2000 EC98). Research in 2001 by Rousselot and Petit at the Besançon observatory in France indicated that it was not a comet, but in December 2005 a cometary ] was detected. In early 2006<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fg-kometen.de/fgk_hpe.htm| title=Homepage of the VdS-Fachgruppe Kometen| access-date=2006-04-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424060815/http://www.fg-kometen.de/fgk_hpe.htm| archive-date=24 April 2006| url-status=dead}}</ref> the Committee on Small Bodies Nomenclature (CSBN) gave it the ]ary designation '''174P/Echeclus'''. It last came to ] in April 2015,<ref name=jpldata/> and was expected to reach about ] 16.7 near ] in September 2015.<ref name="MPC-eph"/>


== Name == == Name ==
⚫ Echeclus <!--({{Lang-el|''Έχεκλος''}})--> is a ] in Greek mythology.

⚫ ''Echeclus'' <!--({{Lang-el|''Έχεκλος''}})--> is a ] in Greek mythology.


60558 Echeclus is only the second comet (after ]) that was named as a minor planet, rather than after the name of its discoverer. Chiron is also a centaur; other centaurs are being observed for signs of a cometary coma. 60558 Echeclus is only the second comet (after ]) that was named as a minor planet, rather than after the name of its discoverer. Chiron is also a centaur; other centaurs are being observed for signs of a cometary coma.


Besides Chiron, eight other objects are cross-listed as both comets and minor planets, including ] (133P/Elst–Pizarro), ] (107P/Wilson–Harrington), and ] (176P/LINEAR).<ref name="dualstatus"></ref> Besides Echeclus, eight other objects are cross-listed as both comets and numbered minor planets: ] (95P/Chiron), ] (107P/Wilson–Harrington), ] (133P/Elst–Pizarro), ] (176P/LINEAR), {{mpl|323137|2003 BM|80}} (282P/2003 BM<sub>80</sub>), {{mpl|300163|2006 VW|139}} (288P/2006 VW<sub>139</sub>), {{mpl|457175|2008 GO|98}} (362P/2008 GO<sub>98</sub>),<ref name="dualstatus"></ref> and {{mpl|248370|2005 QN|173}} (433P/2005 QN<sub>173</sub>).<ref></ref>


== Chunk == == Activity ==


=== Fragmentation ===
On 30 December 2005, when 13.1 ] from the Sun, a large chunk of Echeclus was observed to break off, causing a great cloud of dust. Astronomers have speculated this could have been caused by an impact or by an explosive release of ].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8976-hybrid-cometasteroid-in-mysterious-breakup.html| title=Hybrid comet-asteroid in mysterious break-up| first=Jeff| last=Hecht| date=11 April 2006| publisher=NewScientist.com news service| accessdate=2006-04-18}}</ref> On 30 December 2005, when 13.1 ] from the Sun, a large chunk of Echeclus was observed to break off, causing a great cloud of dust. Astronomers have speculated this could have been caused by an impact or by an explosive release of ].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8976-hybrid-cometasteroid-in-mysterious-breakup.html| title=Hybrid comet-asteroid in mysterious break-up| first=Jeff| last=Hecht| date=11 April 2006| publisher=NewScientist.com news service| access-date=2006-04-18}}</ref>


== Outbursts == === Outbursts ===
Echeclus appears to have outburst again around June 2011 when it was 8.5&nbsp;AU from the Sun.<ref name="Outburst2011"/><ref name="Outburst2011B"/> On 24 June 2011, follow up imaging with the 2 meter ] showed the coma of Echeclus to be very close to the sky background limit.<ref name="Outburst2011C"/> Echeclus appears to have outburst again around June 2011 when it was 8.5&nbsp;AU from the Sun.<ref name="Outburst2011"/><ref name="Outburst2011B"/> On 24 June 2011, follow up imaging with the 2 meter ] showed the coma of Echeclus to be very close to the sky background limit.<ref name="Outburst2011C"/>


Echeclus outburst again around 7 December 2017 when it was 7.3&nbsp;AU from the Sun, and was 4 magnitudes brighter than expected.<ref></ref> Echeclus outburst again around 7 December 2017 when it was 7.3&nbsp;AU from the Sun, and was 4 magnitudes brighter than expected.<ref>{{dead link|date=December 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>


== Presence of gas == === Presence of gas ===


In 2016, ] was detected in Echeclus in very small amounts, and the derived CO production rate was calculated to be sufficient to account for the observed coma. The calculated CO production rate from Echeclus is substantially lower than what is typically observed for ], another distantly active comet often classified as a centaur.<ref name=Wierzchos2017>{{cite journal In 2016, ] was detected in Echeclus in very small amounts, and the derived CO production rate was calculated to be sufficient to account for the observed coma. The calculated CO production rate from Echeclus is substantially lower than what is typically observed for ], another distantly active comet often classified as a centaur.<ref name=Wierzchos2017>{{cite journal
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|issue=5 |issue=5
|pages=8 |pages=8
⚫ |bibcode = 2017AJ....153..230W |arxiv = 1703.07660 |s2cid= 119093318
|url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.07660
|doi-access= free
⚫ |bibcode = 2017AJ....153..230W |arxiv = 1703.07660 }}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Orbit == == Orbit ==
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|issue=3 |issue=3
|pages=798 |pages=798
|doi-access= free
|arxiv=astro-ph/0407400 |arxiv=astro-ph/0407400
|bibcode = 2004MNRAS.354..798H }}</ref> |bibcode = 2004MNRAS.354..798H |s2cid= 16002759
}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
* ] * {{Section link|List of centaurs (small Solar System bodies)|60558}}


== References == == References ==
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|publisher=] |publisher=]
|url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/cgi-bin/returnprepeph.cgi?d=c&o=0174P |url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/cgi-bin/returnprepeph.cgi?d=c&o=0174P
|accessdate=2014-10-31}} (0174P)</ref> |access-date=2014-10-31}} (0174P)</ref>


<ref name="Outburst2011">{{cite web <ref name="Outburst2011">{{cite web
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|author=Giovanni Sostero |author=Giovanni Sostero
|author2=Ernesto Guido |author2=Ernesto Guido
|last-author-amp=yes |name-list-style=amp
|url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/outburst-of-174pecheclus.html |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/outburst-of-174pecheclus.html
|accessdate=2011-06-01}}</ref> |access-date=2011-06-01}}</ref>


<ref name="Outburst2011B">{{cite web <ref name="Outburst2011B">{{cite web
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|author=Giovanni Sostero |author=Giovanni Sostero
|author2=Ernesto Guido |author2=Ernesto Guido
|last-author-amp=yes |name-list-style=amp
|url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/follow-up-of-174pecheclus-bright-phase.html |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/follow-up-of-174pecheclus-bright-phase.html
|accessdate=2011-06-09}}</ref> |access-date=2011-06-09}}</ref>


<ref name="Outburst2011C">{{cite web <ref name="Outburst2011C">{{cite web
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|author2=Giovanni Sostero |author2=Giovanni Sostero
|author3=Ernesto Guido |author3=Ernesto Guido
|last-author-amp=yes |name-list-style=amp
|url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/further-follow-up-of-174pecheclus.html |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/06/further-follow-up-of-174pecheclus.html
|accessdate=2011-06-24}}</ref> |access-date=2011-06-24}}</ref>

<ref name="Hainaut-2012">{{Cite journal
|first1 = O. R. |last1 = Hainaut
|first2 = H. |last2 = Boehnhardt
|first3 = S. |last3 = Protopapa
|date = October 2012
|title = Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012A&A...546A.115H
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 546
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2012A&A...546A.115H
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219566
|arxiv = 1209.1896
|s2cid = 54776793
|access-date= 26 September 2019}}</ref>


}} }}
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* (IAU Minor Planet Center) * (IAU Minor Planet Center)
* *
* (2011 June 8) * (2011 June 8)
* (Animation by Joseph Brimacombe on 30 May 2011) * (Animation by Joseph Brimacombe on 30 May 2011)
* (Virtual Telescope Project) * (Virtual Telescope Project)
* {{AstDys|60558}}
* {{JPL small body|id=60558}} * {{JPL small body|id=60558}}


{{Minor planets navigator| |number=60558| }} {{Minor planets navigator| |number=60558| }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Small Solar System bodies}}
⚫ {{Comets}}
{{PeriodicComets Navigator|173P/Mueller|175P/Hergenrother|PageName=174P/Echeclus}} {{PeriodicComets Navigator|173P/Mueller|175P/Hergenrother|PageName=174P/Echeclus}}
⚫ {{Comets}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Echeclus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Echeclus}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 22:20, 24 November 2024

Centaur comet with 34 year orbit
60558 Echeclus
174P/Echeclus
Discovery
Discovered bySpacewatch
Discovery siteKitt Peak Obs.
Discovery date3 March 2000
Designations
MPC designation(60558) Echeclus
Pronunciation/ˈɛkɪkləs/
Named afterἜχεκλος Ekheklos
Alternative designations2000 EC98, 2002 GJ27
Minor planet categoryCentaur
Symbol (astrological)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc13264 days (36.31 yr)
Aphelion15.544 AU (2.3253 Tm)
Perihelion5.8168 AU (870.18 Gm)
Semi-major axis10.680 AU (1.5977 Tm)
Eccentricity0.45537
Orbital period (sidereal)34.90 yr (12749 d)
Average orbital speed8.58 km/s
Mean anomaly7.51102°
Mean motion0° 1 41.657 / day
Inclination4.3445°
Longitude of ascending node173.335°
Argument of perihelion162.889°
Jupiter MOID0.838867 AU (125.4927 Gm)
TJupiter3.031
Proper orbital elements
Proper mean motion0.0282 deg / yr
Proper orbital period12765.95745 yr
(4662765.957 d)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter60 km
Synodic rotation period26.802 h (1.1168 d)
Geometric albedo0.04
Temperature~85 K
Spectral typeB–V = 0.841±0.072
V–R = 0.502±0.065
Apparent magnitude~18.8
Absolute magnitude (H)9.6

60558 Echeclus /ˈɛkɪkləs/ is a centaur, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter , located in the outer Solar System. It was discovered by Spacewatch in 2000 and initially classified as a minor planet with provisional designation 2000 EC98 (also written 2000 EC98). Research in 2001 by Rousselot and Petit at the Besançon observatory in France indicated that it was not a comet, but in December 2005 a cometary coma was detected. In early 2006 the Committee on Small Bodies Nomenclature (CSBN) gave it the cometary designation 174P/Echeclus. It last came to perihelion in April 2015, and was expected to reach about apparent magnitude 16.7 near opposition in September 2015.

Name

Echeclus is a centaur in Greek mythology.

60558 Echeclus is only the second comet (after Chiron) that was named as a minor planet, rather than after the name of its discoverer. Chiron is also a centaur; other centaurs are being observed for signs of a cometary coma.

Besides Echeclus, eight other objects are cross-listed as both comets and numbered minor planets: 2060 Chiron (95P/Chiron), 4015 Wilson–Harrington (107P/Wilson–Harrington), 7968 Elst–Pizarro (133P/Elst–Pizarro), 118401 LINEAR (176P/LINEAR), (323137) 2003 BM80 (282P/2003 BM80), (300163) 2006 VW139 (288P/2006 VW139), (457175) 2008 GO98 (362P/2008 GO98), and (248370) 2005 QN173 (433P/2005 QN173).

Activity

Fragmentation

On 30 December 2005, when 13.1 AU from the Sun, a large chunk of Echeclus was observed to break off, causing a great cloud of dust. Astronomers have speculated this could have been caused by an impact or by an explosive release of volatile substances.

Outbursts

Echeclus appears to have outburst again around June 2011 when it was 8.5 AU from the Sun. On 24 June 2011, follow up imaging with the 2 meter Haleakala-Faulkes Telescope South showed the coma of Echeclus to be very close to the sky background limit.

Echeclus outburst again around 7 December 2017 when it was 7.3 AU from the Sun, and was 4 magnitudes brighter than expected.

Presence of gas

In 2016, carbon monoxide was detected in Echeclus in very small amounts, and the derived CO production rate was calculated to be sufficient to account for the observed coma. The calculated CO production rate from Echeclus is substantially lower than what is typically observed for 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, another distantly active comet often classified as a centaur.

Orbit

Echeclus came to perihelion in April 2015.

Centaurs have short dynamical lives due to strong interactions with the giant planets. Echeclus is estimated to have an orbital half-life of about 610,000 years.

See also

References

  1. ^ "60558 Echeclus (2000 EC98)". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. SPK-ID: 2060558. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  2. Wm. Robert Johnston (22 August 2008). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Archived from the original on 16 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
  3. ^ John Stansberry; Will Grundy; Mike Brown; Dale Cruikshank; John Spencer; David Trilling; Jean-Luc Margot (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope". arXiv:astro-ph/0702538.
  4. ^ Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. (October 2012). "Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 20. arXiv:1209.1896. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.115H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566. S2CID 54776793. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  5. "AstDys (60558) Echeclus Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  6. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/527/2/3624/7332922
  7. "Homepage of the VdS-Fachgruppe Kometen". Archived from the original on 24 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-04-18.
  8. "Elements and Ephemeris for 174P/Echeclus". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2014-10-31. (0174P)
  9. Dual-Status Objects
  10. M.P.C. 133823
  11. Hecht, Jeff (11 April 2006). "Hybrid comet-asteroid in mysterious break-up". NewScientist.com news service. Retrieved 2006-04-18.
  12. Giovanni Sostero & Ernesto Guido (June 1, 2011). "Outburst of 174P/Echeclus". Team of observers of Remanzacco Observatory in Italy. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
  13. Giovanni Sostero & Ernesto Guido (June 9, 2011). "Follow-up of 174P/Echeclus bright phase". Team of observers of Remanzacco Observatory in Italy. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
  14. Nick Howes; Giovanni Sostero & Ernesto Guido (June 24, 2011). "Further follow-up of 174P/Echeclus". Team of observers of Remanzacco Observatory in Italy. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  15. 33519 174P/Echeclus outburst (Brian Skiff)
  16. Wierzchos, K.; Womack, M.; Sarid, G. (2017). "Carbon Monoxide in the Distantly Active Centaur (60558) 174P/Echeclus at 6 au". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (5): 8. arXiv:1703.07660. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..230W. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa689c. S2CID 119093318.
  17. Horner, J.; Evans, N.W.; Bailey, M. E. (2004). "Simulations of the Population of Centaurs I: The Bulk Statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 354 (3): 798. arXiv:astro-ph/0407400. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.354..798H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08240.x. S2CID 16002759.

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