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| {{Infobox event | |||
| | title = Rohingya persecution in Myanmar | |||
| | image = Rakhine_State_in_Myanmar.svg | |||
| | image_size = | |||
| | image_alt = | |||
| | caption = Location of Rakhine State in Myanmar | |||
| | native_name = | |||
| | native_name_lang = | |||
| | english_name = | |||
| | time = | |||
| | duration = | |||
| | date = {{Start date|2016|10|09|df=y}} – present | |||
| | location = Northern ], ] | |||
| | coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} —> | |||
| | also_known_as = | |||
| | type = ] and ] | |||
| | theme = Military crackdown by Myanmar's army and police on Rohingya Muslims | |||
| | cause = | |||
| * Wide-scale human rights violations at the hands of Myanmar's security forces and local Buddhist militants | |||
| * Historical mistreatment of the Rohingya by the government and Buddhist population | |||
| * Initial low-scale attack on border posts in Myanmar by the ] on 9 October 2016 | |||
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| * Ongoing sporadic attacks on Myanmar's security forces by the ] | |||
| * Forced relocation of Rohingyas | |||
| * 650,000 refugees fled abroad (since 25 August 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Myanmar bars U.N. rights investigator before visit|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-investigator/myanmar-bars-u-n-rights-investigator-before-visit-idUSKBN1EE0UL|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=Reuters|date=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=China and Russia oppose UN resolution on Rohingya|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/24/china-russia-oppose-un-resolution-myanmar-rohingya-muslims|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=The Guardian|date=24 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Myanmar Military Investigating a Mass Grave in Rakhine|url=http://time.com/5070606/myanmar-mass-grave-rakhine-rohingya/|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=Time}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=100,000 Rohingya on first repatriation list {{!}} Dhaka Tribune|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2017/12/27/first-list-rohingya-repatriation-contain-100000-names/|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=www.dhakatribune.com}}</ref> | |||
| | casualties1 = | |||
| | casualties2 = | |||
| | casualties3 = | |||
| | reported deaths = 10,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-14/rohingya-death-toll-in-the-thousands-says-msf/9260552 |title=Rohingya death toll likely above 10,000, MSF says amid exodus}}</ref> | |||
| | reported injuries = | |||
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| | publication_bans = Media access in northern Rakhine State heavily restricted by the Myanmar government. | |||
| | litigation = | |||
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| | notes = | |||
| }} | |||
| 2017 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar occurred in August–October period of the year when the Myanmar military forces and local Buddhist extremists began atrocities against the Rohingya people in the country’s north-west Rakhine state. The 2017 persecution has frequently been termed as “ethnic cleansing” against the Rohingya Muslims.<ref name=Burma-Mass-Destruction>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/10/17/burma-new-satellite-images-confirm-mass-destruction |title=Burma: New Satellite Images Confirm Mass Destruction |author= |date=17 October 2017 |work= |publisher=]}}</ref> ] estimated that more than 6700 Rohingya including 730 children were killed in August 2017 alone.<ref name = "MSF">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/14/6700-rohingya-muslims-killed-in-attacks-in-myanmar-says-medecins-sans-frontieres|title=6,700 Rohingya Muslims killed in one month in Myanmar, MSF says|last=McPherson|first=Poppy|date=2017-12-14|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-12-14|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On December 5, 2017 the United Nations' human rights chief, Zeid bin Ra'ad, announced that the Rohingya persecution may constitute genocide under international human rights laws.<ref name="UNnews">{{cite news|title=UN rights chief calls for probe into attacks against Rohingya, says genocide cannot be ruled out|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=58223#.Wib72bQ-fOQ|accessdate=5 December 2017|work=]|date=5 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> ], ], declared that the action of the Myanmarese authorities constitute ]. Subsequently, in November 2017, the governments of ] and ] signed a deal to facilitate the return of Rohingya refugees to their native Rakhine state within two months, drawing a mixed response from international onlookers.<ref name=BBC2017-11-23a/> | |||
| ==Background== | |||
| The government announced on 25 August 2017 that 71 people (one soldier, one immigration officer, 10 policemen and 59 insurgents) had been killed overnight during coordinated attacks by up to 150 insurgents on 24 police posts and the 552nd Light Infantry Battalion army base in Rakhine State.<ref name="BBC4">{{cite web|title=Myanmar tensions: Dozens dead in Rakhine militant attack|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41046729|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="AP1">{{cite news|last1=Htusan|first1=Esther|title=Myanmar: 71 die in militant attacks on police, border posts|url=https://apnews.com/37103be49dd249af8f2e7297b599fb41/Myanmar:-25-dead-in-militant-attacks-on-police,-border-posts|accessdate=25 August 2017|agency=Associated Press|date=25 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Reuters6">{{cite news|last1=Lone|first1=Wa|last2=Slodkowski|first2=Antoni|title=At least 12 dead in Muslim insurgent attacks in northwest Myanmar|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-idUSKCN1B507K?il=0|accessdate=25 August 2017|work=]|date=24 August 2017}}</ref> The ] stated that the attack began at around 1:00 AM, when insurgents armed with bombs, small arms weapons and machetes blew up a bridge. The army further stated that a majority of the attacks occurred around 3:00 AM to 4:00 AM.<ref>{{cite news|title=At least 71 dead in Myanmar Rakhine fighting: Govt|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/at-least-12-dead-in-muslim-insurgent-attacks-in-north-west-myanmar|accessdate=29 August 2017|work=The Straits Times|date=25 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> The ARSA claimed they were taking "defensive actions" in 25 different locations and accused government soldiers of raping and killing civilians. The group also claimed that ] had been under a blockade for more than two weeks, starving the Rohingya, and that the government forces were preparing to do the same in Maungdaw.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deadly clashes erupt in Myanmar's restive Rakhine state|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/deadly-clashes-erupt-myanmar-restive-rakhine-state-170825055848004.html|accessdate=29 August 2017|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> According to ], the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights for Myanmar, at least 1,000 people had been killed in the violence since 25 August. She added that the figure is "very likely an underestimate".<ref name="Ben">{{cite news|last1=Rebecca Wright|first1=Ben Westcott|title=At least 270,000 Rohingya flee Myanmar violence in 2 weeks, UN says|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/08/asia/rohingya-myanmar-refugees-drowning/index.html|accessdate=8 September 2017|work=]|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> | |||
| ==Persecution and clearance operations== | |||
| Soon after the attack on security forces, the Myanmar military responded with “heavy counter-offensive”, and supported by Buddhist militia, started “clearance operations” against the Rohingya people. In the first week, at least 130 Rohingya people were killed.<ref name=Guardian-Sep01>{{cite news |title=Fears mount of Myanmar atrocities as fleeing Rohingya families drown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/01/fears-mount-of-myanmar-atrocities-as-fleeing-rohingya-families-drown |newspaper=The Guardian |date=1 September 2017|author=}}</ref> To save lives, the Rohingya people started fleeing Myanmar in large numbers, and tried to take shelter in the neighboring Bangladesh. The Myanmar military often opened fire with mortar shells and machine-guns on the fleeing Rohingya women and children,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/myanmar-violence-traps-rohingya-bangladesh-border-170826101215439.html |title=Myanmar troops open fire on civilians fleeing attacks |author= |date=26 Aug 2017 |work=Al Jazeera |publisher=}}</ref> and dead bodies of many Rohingya people began to be washed ashore from the drowned boats as they attempted to cross the Naf River to enter Bangladesh. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41105292 |title=Rohingya refugees drown as exodus mounts |author= |date=31 August 2017 |work= |publisher=BBC}}</ref> By the second week, at least 1000 Rohingya were killed. <ref>{{cite news |title=Who are the Rohingya and what is happening in Myanmar? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/sep/06/who-are-the-rohingya-and-what-is-happening-in-myanmar |newspaper=The Guardian |date=6 September 2017|author=Rebecca Ratcliffe}}</ref> | |||
| ] in August 2017 said that satellite images showed widespread burning in 10 areas in northern Rakhine. While the causes of the fires could not be determined, the group said that it "compared the locations of these fires with witness statements it has collected and media reports, and found a correlation with some reported incidents where residences have allegedly been deliberately burned."<ref>{{cite news|title=UN warns Myanmar as Rohingya Muslims look to Bangladesh to flee abuses|url=http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/world/myanmar-burma-rohingya-bangladesh-migrants-1.4266365|accessdate=29 August 2017|agency=Associated Press|date=1 September 2017}}</ref> Chris Lewa, director of The Arakan Project, has blamed the security forces of burning village after village in a systematic way while also blaming Rohingya arsonists of burning the Buddhist village of Pyu Ma.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fears mount of Myanmar atrocities as fleeing Rohingya families drown|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/01/fears-mount-of-myanmar-atrocities-as-fleeing-rohingya-families-drown|accessdate=1 September 2017|work=The Guardian|date=1 September 2017}}</ref> There were also reports of mass killings of Rohingyas by the military and Buddhist vigilantes in Chut Pyin village near Rathedaung. Lewa stated that they had received reports of 130 being killed in the village. | |||
| A video provided to ] by a human rights monitor purportedly shows the village burning and in another clip of freshly dug earth mound, allegedly graves of those killed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Villagers slaughtered in Myanmar 'massacre', reports of women and children among more than 100 dead|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-01/reports-of-women-and-children-among-dead-in-myanmar-massacre/8862164|accessdate=1 September 2017|work=ABC News|date=1 September 2017}}</ref> On September 7, 2017, ] reported a mass killing of Rohingyas at the Tula Toli village, referred as ].<ref>{{cite news|title= Myanmar: satellite imagery confirms Rohingya village of Tula Toli razed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/19/myanmar-satellite-imagery-confirms-rohingya-village-of-tula-toli-razed|accessdate=23 September 2017|work=]|date=19 September 2017}}</ref> | |||
| Near Rangoon on December 12, 2017, two Reuters journalists who had been covering the refugee story were charged and imprisoned by the police for violating a 1923 colonial law related to secrecy.<ref>Eltagouri, Marwa. (13 December 2017). "Two journalists covering Rohingya crisis in Burma arrested for possessing ‘secret papers’". Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> | |||
| According to the ''Mission report of OHCHR'' (released on 11 October 2017 by the ] Office of the ]), the Myanmar military in early August 2017 began a "systematic" process of driving hundreds of thousands of Rohingya from Myanmar. The report noted that "prior to the incidents and crackdown of 25 August, a strategy was pursued to:<ref name="ohchr_mission_report_2017_10_11_un"> released 11 October 2017, U.N. Office of the ], ], retrieved October 12, 2017</ref><ref name="un_report_details_2017_10_11_reuters_guardian"> October 11, 2017, ] at the ], in ], retrieved October 12, 2017</ref> | |||
| * Arrest and arbitrarily detain male Rohingyas between the ages of 15–40 years; | |||
| * Arrest and arbitrarily detain Rohingya opinion-makers, leaders and cultural and religious personalities; | |||
| * Initiate acts to deprive Rohingya villagers of access to food, livelihoods and other means of conducting daily activities and life; | |||
| * Commit repeated acts of humiliation and violence prior to, during and after 25 August, to drive out Rohingya villagers en masse through incitement to hatred, violence and killings, including by declaring the Rohingyas as Bengalis and illegal settlers in Myanmar; | |||
| * Instill deep and widespread fear and trauma – physical, emotional and psychological, in the Rohingya victims via acts of brutality, namely killings, disappearances, torture, and rape and other forms of sexual violence.<ref name="ohchr_mission_report_2017_10_11_un" /><ref name="un_report_details_2017_10_11_reuters_guardian" /> | |||
| ==Refugee crisis== | |||
| As a result of the autumn 2017 military "clearance operations" and reprisals, about 400,000 Rohingya people (about a third of the Rohingya population) had fled or had been driven out of Rakhine state – most fleeing to Bangladesh, as of mid-September 2017. By October 2017, an estimated 536,000 Rohingya Muslims had fled Myanmar since 25 August incident, and took shelter in the neighboring ] as refugees.<ref>{{cite web|author=Reuters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/oct/16/severe-lack-of-food-drives-thousands-more-rohingya-into-bangladesh-myanmar |title=Starved out of Myanmar: hunger drives thousands more Rohingya to flee {{!}} Global development |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2017-10-20}}</ref> | |||
| In November 2017, the government of ] signed a pact with their ] counterparts to return the Rohingya refugees to their homes in the Rakhine territory.<ref name=BBC2017-11-23a>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42094060|title=Myanmar Rohingya crisis: Deal to allow return of Muslim refugees|date=23 November 2017|accessdate=26 November 2017|publisher=BBC}}</ref> The deal arose following a diplomatic meeting on the matter between ] and ], the foreign minister of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/23/myanmar-signs-pact-with-bangladesh-over-rohingya-repatriation|title=Myanmar signs pact with Bangladesh over Rohingya repatriation|first1=Oliver|last1=Holmes|first2=|last2=agencies|date=23 November 2017|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> The accord was viewed by international commentators as a conscious effort by the '']'' Myanmarese leader to address criticism over her lack of action in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/23/566226434/myanmar-bangladesh-announce-tentative-deal-to-repatriate-rohingya-refugees|title=Myanmar, Bangladesh Announce Tentative Deal To Repatriate Rohingya Refugees|publisher=}}</ref> This decision, coming after both the ] and ], ], declared that the actions undertaken by the Burmese army against the Rohingya refugees constituted ], was met with hesitation and criticism by aid groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2017/11/23/16694652/rohingya-repatriation-ethnic-cleansing-tillerson|title=Human rights group says repatriating Rohingya to Myanmar is "Unthinkable" while Rohingya remain unsafe|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
| == Criticism and reactions == | |||
| {{Main article|International reactions to the 2016–17 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar}} | |||
| {{multiple image | |||
| |align = right | |||
| |direction = vertical | |||
| |width = 240 | |||
| |header = '''International protests''' | |||
| |image1 = Protest Rally Held in Tehran in Support of Myanmar Muslims-20.jpg | |||
| |caption1 =Protest rally held in ] in support of Muslims in Myanmar | |||
| |image2 = Cape Town Save Rohingya 2017 protest.jpg | |||
| |caption2 = Protesters in ], South Africa calling for the protection of the Rohingya people. | |||
| }} | |||
| The 2017 persecution against the Rohingya people garnered strong criticism from all across the world, and created grave concern about the human rights issues. Soon after the security forces and Buddhist militia started “clearance operations”, the world leaders warned the Myanmar authority to avoid civilian casualties.<ref name=Guardian-Sep01/> As in 2016 incident of Rohingya persecution, the de facto head of government of Myanmar, ] was again criticized her silence over the issue and for supporting the military actions. | |||
| ===Nations=== | |||
| ====Holy See==== | |||
| At the ], Sunday, August 26, 2017, ] referred to "sad news about the persecution of the religious minority of our Rohingya brothers," adding that he was praying that they would receive "full rights".<ref name="pope_laments_2017_08_27_ap_foxnews">], August 27, 2017, ], retrieved September 11, 2017</ref> The pope undertook a diplomatic visit to the afflicted area in late November 2017, demanding that the international community "take decisive measures to address this grave crisis."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-pope-bangladesh-rohingya-crisis-20171130-story.html|title=Pope Francis demands 'decisive measures' to resolve Rohingya exodus|last=Winfield|first=Nicole|work=chicagotribune.com|access-date=2017-11-30|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| ====Indonesia==== | |||
| Protests erupted against the Myanmar embassy in ], with a ] being thrown towards it. ] ] sent foreign minister ] for "intensive communications" in September 2017, mentioning that concrete actions are required.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Da Costa|first1=Agustinus|title=Indonesian envoy to urge Myanmar to halt violence against Rohingya Mus|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-indonesia/indonesian-envoy-to-urge-myanmar-to-halt-violence-against-rohingya-muslims-idUSKCN1BE0HS|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=Reuters|date=3 September 2017}}</ref> Aid in form of tents, basic food and sanitation supplies were dispatched to refugee camps in Bangladesh through four ] ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Indonesian President Joko Widodo dispatches aid to Rohingya refugees|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesian-president-joko-widodo-dispatches-aid-to-rohingya-refugees|accessdate=28 December 2017|work=The Straits Times|date=13 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| ====United States==== | |||
| U.S. ] ], on September 14, 2017, said that Myanmar faces a "defining moment," adding: | |||
| : "I think it is important that the global community speak out in support of what we all know the expectation is for the treatment of people regardless of their ethnicity... This violence must stop, this persecution must stop."<ref name="myanmar_faces_2017_09_14_reuters"> September 14, 2017, ], retrieved September 14, 2017</ref><ref name="secretaries_2017_09_14_cspan_org"> September 14, 2017, ] (Congressional TV) video, with transcripts, retrieved September 14, 2017</ref><ref name="tillerson_says_2017_09_14_cbs"> September 14, 2017, ], retrieved September 14, 2017</ref> | |||
| ====China==== | |||
| On 17 November 2017, ] announced that it is sending its Foreign Minister Wang Yi to Myanmar and Bangladesh in a bid to shore up Beijing’s influence in the region and mediate in the deepening Rohingya refugee crisis .<ref>{{cite news |title=China to mediate on Rohingya crisis |url=http://theindependent.in/china-to-mediate-on-rohingya-crisis/ |newspaper=theindependent.in |date=11 November 2017}}</ref> | |||
| === Supranational bodies === | |||
| ====United Nations==== | |||
| With the renewed genocide and exodus in August 2017, the UN ] and ]ian prince ] said that what Rohingyas were experiencing in Myanmar "seems a textbook example of ]",<ref name="un_rights_chief_2017_09_11_time">], , September 11, 2017, '']'' retrieved September 12, 2017,</ref> supported by condemnation from UN experts such as ].<ref>{{cite web|title=OHCHR {{!}} Myanmar: UN experts condemn ongoing persecution of Rohingya in Rakhine State|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22148|website=www.ohchr.org|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref> This is further confirmed by ] with the stipulated number of refugees in ] estimated at 700,000.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Section|first1=United Nations News Service|title=UN News - UN scales up response as number of Rohingya refugees fleeing Myanmar nears 500,000|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57677|accessdate=27 September 2017|work=UN News Service Section|date=22 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| On 4 October 2017, the Myanmar authorities were asked by the ] (CEDAW) and the ] (CRC) “to immediately stop violence in northern Rakhine State, and to promptly and effectively investigate and vigorously prosecute cases of violence against women and children.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22196&LangID=E|title=OHCHR - Myanmar Rohingya abuses may be crimes against humanity, UN rights experts warn|website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> | |||
| ====ASEAN==== | |||
| The ASEAN member states have upheld a principle of non-interference in intra-ASEAN relations. A day before the 30th ] was held on April 26, 2017, Reuters reported on the Myanmar military’s operations on the Rohingya in November 2016. Nonetheless, the Rohingya crisis was not on the official agenda in the Summit.<ref>"Why ASEAN Can't Ignore the Rohingya Crisis" (https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/why-asean-cant-ignore-the-rohingya-crisis/). The Diplomat. 17 May 2017.</ref> | |||
| However, leaders of ASEAN countries have begun concerns on the issue. In a meeting with other ASEAN foreign ministers on December 19, 2016, Malaysian Foreign Minister Anifah Aman called for a collective effort to resolve the crisis. In addition, in the 30th ASEAN Summit, Indonesian President Joko Widodo discussed the issue of the Rohingya crisis with Aung San Suu Kyi, the Myanmar’s de facto leader. He was said to stress the importance of stability in Myanmar for the wider regional security.<ref>"Why ASEAN Can't Ignore the Rohingya Crisis" (https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/why-asean-cant-ignore-the-rohingya-crisis/). The Diplomat. 17 May 2017.</ref> | |||
| The ASEAN states' hesitance to comment on the issue may be explained by a concern that the rise of China and its influence in Myanmar could risk ASEAN's interest in the country. Azeem Ibrahim, the author of ''The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide'', noted, “Myanmar’s interactions with ASEAN are perhaps indicative of its wider approach to international relations.”<ref>Ibrahim, Azeem. "The Return to Democracy (2008-2015)." ''The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide.'' London, England: Hurst, 2016. 75. Print.</ref> While ASEAN member states welcome economic opportunities with China’s rise, they fear its growing influence. It has been suggested that ASEAN criticism of Myanmar’s domestic crisis will lead to closer ties between ].<ref>Chachavalpongpun, P. 2012. 'The Vexing Strategic Tug-of-War over Naypyidaw: ASEAN's View of the Sino-Burmese Ties.' ''Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs,'' 31:1 97-114.</ref> | |||
| ===NGOs=== | |||
| According to Matthew Smith of the NGO Fortify Rights, “We can now say with a high level of confidence that state-led security forces and local armed residents have committed mass killings.” Smith accused the Burmese military of trying to expel all Rohingyas from the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21728643-burmese-army-burning-villages-and-raping-and-killing-their-inhabitants-state-led-massacre|title=A state-led massacre triggers an exodus of Rohingyas from Myanmar|date=9 September 2017|work=]|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> | |||
| === Others === | |||
| Muslim protests were held in various capital cities in Asian countries in late November 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/rohingya-crisis-sparks-muslim-protests-in-asian-capitals-7692514|title=Rohingya crisis sparks Muslim protests in Asian capitals|date=2016-11-25|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref> Protests were held on September 8, 2017 across Asia in Bangladesh, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and Pakistan in solidarity of the Rohingya people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/08/asia/myanmar-rohingya-bangladesh-dhaka/index.html|title=Protests across Asia over Myanmar's treatment of Rohingya Muslims - CNN|last=Ahmed|first=Farid|date=|publisher=Edition.cnn.com|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref> Protests were also held by Rohingya people in Melbourne, Australia in early September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/09/09/rohingya-australia-hold-protest-action-over-myanmar-violence|title=Rohingya in Australia hold protest to call for action over Myanmar violence {{!}} SBS News|last=Payne|first=Sacha|date=2015-04-29|publisher=Sbs.com.au|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref> Additional protests were held in the same month in Washington DC in the United States, Cape Town in South Africa,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ewn.co.za/2017/09/13/mjc-to-lead-march-in-protest-against-myanmar-violence|title=MJC to lead march in protest against Myanmar violence|last=Fisher|first=Shamiela|access-date=2017-09-13|language=en}}</ref> and Jammu and Kashmir in India. A protest was also planned in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170909-people-gather-in-washington-to-protest-persecution-of-rohingya-muslims/|title=People gather in Washington to protest persecution of Rohingya Muslims – Middle East Monitor|date=2017-09-07|publisher=Middleeastmonitor.com|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/pro-rohingya-protests-in-jammu-and-kashmir-protesters-torched-two-vehicles-injuring-two-cops-in-anantnag-4023169.html|title=Pro-Rohingya protests in Jammu and Kashmir: Protesters in Anantnag torch police vehicle, two cops injured|date=|publisher=Firstpost.com|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2110478/hong-kong-protest-against-rohingya-persecution-urge-help|title=Hong Kong protest against Rohingya persecution to urge help for Myanmar Muslim minority {{!}} South China Morning Post|author=Post Magazine|date=2017-09-08|publisher=Scmp.com|accessdate=2017-09-12}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | |||
| ] | |||
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