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{{Short description|French writer (1828–1885)}}
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⚫ '''Edmond François Valentin About''' (], ] – ], ]), was a ] ], publicist and ].
]
]
⚫ '''Edmond François Valentin About''' (14 February 1828{{snd}}16 January 1885) was a French novelist, publicist and journalist.


==Biography==
⚫ He was born at ], in the ] '']'' in the ] region of ]. In ] he entered the ], taking second place in the annual competition for admission in which ] came first. Among his college contemporaries, besides Taine, were ], ] and the ill-starred ]. Of them all, About was considered the most highly vitalized, exuberant, brilliant and "undisciplined." At the end of his college career he joined the French school in ], but himself claimed that it had never been his intention to follow the professorial career for which the École Normale was a preparation, and in 1853 he returned to France and devoted himself to literature and journalism.
About was born at ], in the ] '']'' in the ] region of France.<ref>]; {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, p. 5</ref>


⚫ In 1848, he entered the ], taking second place in the annual competition for admission in which ] came first. Among his college contemporaries, besides Taine, were ], ] and ]. Of them all, About was considered the most highly vitalized, exuberant, brilliant and "undisciplined".<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=About, Edmond François Valentin|volume=1|page=69|first=Frank Thomas|last=Marzials}}</ref> It is said that one of his schoolmasters told him "You will never be more than a little ]"{{sfn|Marzials|1911}}
He was perhaps the most entertaining anti-clerical writer of his period. His tales have the qualities of the best writing of the eighteenth century, enhanced by the modern interest of his own century. "The King of the Mountains" is the best-known of his novels. In ] About was working as a poor ] at the French School at ], where he noticed there was a curious understanding between the brigands and the police of modern ]. Brigandage was becoming a safe and almost a respectable Greek industry. "Why not make it quite respectable and regular?" said About. "Why does not some brigand chief, with a good connection, convert his business into a properly registered ]?" So he produced, in ], one of the most delightful of satirical novels, "The King of the Mountains."


At the end of his college career, he joined the French school in ], but claimed that he had never intended to follow the professorial career for which the École Normale was a preparation, and in 1853 he returned to France and devoted himself to literature and journalism.<ref name="EB1911"/>
⚫ His book on Greece, ''La Grece contemporaine'' (1855), which did not spare Greek susceptibilities, was an immediate success. In ''Tolla'' (1855) About was charged with drawing too freely on an earlier Italian novel, ''Vittoria Savelli'' (Paris, 1841). This aroused prejudice against him, and he was the object of numerous attacks, to which he was ready to retaliate. The ''Lettres d'un bon jeune homme'', written to the '']'' under the signature of "Valentin de Quevilly", provoked more animosities. During the next few years, with indefatigable energy, and generally with full public recognition, he wrote novels, stories, a play--which failed,--a book-pamphlet on the Roman question, many pamphlets on other subjects of the day, newspaper articles innumerable, some art criticisms, rejoinders to the attacks of his enemies, and popular manuals of political economy, ''L'A B C du travailleur'' (1868), ''Le progrès'' (1864).


==Career==
About's attitude towards the empire was friendly but critical. He greeted the liberal ministry of ] at the beginning of 1870 with delight and welcomed the ]. For his own personal part he lost the loved home near Saverne in ], which he had purchased in 1858 out of the fruits of his earlier literary successes. With the fall of the empire he became a ], and, an inveterate anti-clerical, he threw himself into the battle against the conservative reaction which made way during the first years of the republic. From 1872 onwards for some five or six years his paper, the ''XIX' Siècle'', of which he was the heart and soul, became a power in the land. But the republicans never quite forgave the tardiness of his conversion, and no place rewarded his later zeal. On ] ] he was elected a member of the ], but died before taking his seat. His journalism--of which specimens in his earlier and later manners will be found in the two series of ''Lettres d'un bon jeune homme à sa cousine Madeleine'' (1861 and 1863), and the posthumous collection, ''Le dix-neuvieme siècle'' (1892)--was of its nature ephemeral. So were the pamphlets, great and small. His political economy was that of an orthodox popularizer, and in no sense epoch-making. His dramas are negligible. His more serious novels, ''Madelon'' (1863), ''L'Infâme'' (1867), the three that form the trilogy of the ''Vieille Roche'' (1866), and Le roman d'un brave homme (1880)-a kind of counterblast to the view of the French workman presented in ]'s ''Assommoir''--contain striking and amusing scenes, no doubt, but scenes which are often suggestive of the stage, while description, dissertation, explanation too frequently take the place of life. His best work after all is to be found in the books that are almost wholly farcical, ''Le nez d'un notaire'' (1862); ''Le roi des montagnes'' (1856); ''L'homme à l'oreille cassée'' (1862); ''Trente et quarante'' (1858); ''Le cas de ]'' (1862). Here his most genuine wit, his sprightliness, his vivacity, the fancy that was in him, have free play. "You will never be more than a little ]," said one of his masters when he was a lad at school. It was a true prophecy.
He made his name as an entertaining anti-clerical writer. The satirical '']'' (1856; translated into English by ] as '']'',<ref>Published in comic book form in the '']'' series (issue 127, Fall 1968)</ref> and by Tom Taylor as ''The Brigand and His Banker'', for a dramatized version)<ref>Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman, p. 106</ref> is the best-known of his novels.


In Greece, About had noticed that there was a curious understanding between the brigands and police: brigandage was becoming almost a safe and respectable industry. About pushed this idea to invent the story of a brigand chief who converts his business into a registered ].
⚫ ==References==
], 1858 (])]]
*{{1911}}
]
⚫ About's commentary on modern Greece, ''La Grèce contemporaine'' (1854), was an immediate success. But his ''Tolla'' (1855), the story of a young Parisian actress, gave rise to charges of drawing too freely on an earlier Italian novel, ''Vittoria Savelli'' (1841). This aroused prejudice against him, and he was the object of numerous attacks. The ''Lettres d'un bon jeune homme'', written to the '']'' under the signature of "Valentin de Quevilly", provoked more animosities. During the next few years, he wrote novels, stories, a play (which failed), a book-pamphlet on the Roman question, many pamphlets on other subjects of the day, innumerable newspaper articles, some art criticisms, rejoinders to the attacks of his enemies, and popular manuals of political economy, ''L'A B C du travailleur'' (1868), ''Le progrès'' (1864). His more serious novels include ''Madelon'' (1863), ''L'Infâme'' (1867), the three that form the trilogy of the ''Vieille Roche'' (1866), and (1880) – a kind of counterblast to the view of the French workman presented in ]'s '']''. He is best remembered as a ], for the books ''Le nez d'un notaire'' (1862); ''Le roi des montagnes'' (1856); ''L'homme à l'oreille cassée'' (1862); ''Trente et quarante'' (1858); ''Le cas de M. Guérin'' (1862; see ]).<ref name="EB1911"/>

He was initiated at the Saint-Jean de Jérusalem ] lodge in ] on 7 March 1862. He wrote several articles against Masonic side degrees, a point of view that was common among French leftwing freemasons.<ref>Daniel Ligou - Dictionnaire de la Franc-maçonnerie - Presses universitaires de France - Paris (1991); {{ISBN|978-2-13-054497-5}}</ref>

About's attitude towards the empire was friendly but critical. He greeted the liberal ministry of ] at the beginning of 1870 with delight, and welcomed the ]. But as a result of the war he lost his beloved home in ], which he had purchased in 1858 out of the fruits of his earlier literary successes. With the fall of the empire, he became a ], and threw himself into battle against conservative reactionaries. From 1872 to about 1877, his paper, the ''XIX<sup>e</sup> Siècle'' (''19th century''), became a power in the land.<ref name="EB1911"/> His political career, however, failed to advance further.{{sfn|Marzials|1911}}

On 23 January 1884, he was elected a member of the ], but died at age 66 before taking his seat. His grave at the ] in Paris includes a sculpture by ].

==Filmography==
*''L'uomo dall'orecchio mozzato'', directed by ] (Italy, 1916, based on the novel ''L'Homme à l'oreille cassée'')
*''Per un figlio'', directed by ] (Italy, 1920, based on the novel ''Germaine'')
*'']'', directed by ] and ] (Italy, 1923, based on the novel ''Germaine'')
*'']'', directed by ] and ] (Germany, 1927, loosely based on the novel '']'')
*'']'', directed by ] (1934, based on the novel ''L'Homme à l'oreille cassée'')
*''Mi vida en tus manos'', directed by ] (Spain, 1943, based on the short story ''Le Buste'')
*'']'', directed by ] (1945, based on the novel ''Trente et Quarante'')
*''{{Interlanguage link multi|Le Roi des montagnes (film)|fr|3=Le Roi des montagnes (film, 1964)|lt=Le Roi des montagnes}}'', directed by ] (1964, based on the novel '']'')

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

⚫ ==References==
*], ''A Century of French Fiction'', s. v., About *], ''A Century of French Fiction'', s. v., About


==External link== ==External links==
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
{{Commons category|Edmond About}}
{{Wikisourcelang|fr|Edmond About|Edmond About}} {{Wikisourcelang|fr|Edmond About|Edmond About}}
*{{gutenberg author|id=Edmond_About|name=Edmond About}} *{{Gutenberg author|id=5182}}
* {{Internet Archive author |search=("About, Edmond" OR "Edmond About" OR "Edmond François Valentin About")}}
*
* {{Librivox author |id=1103}}

* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=About, Edmond |short=x}}


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Latest revision as of 19:40, 6 December 2024

French writer (1828–1885)

About in 1875.
Caricature of About by André Gill, 1867.

Edmond François Valentin About (14 February 1828 – 16 January 1885) was a French novelist, publicist and journalist.

Biography

About was born at Dieuze, in the Moselle département in the Lorraine region of France.

In 1848, he entered the École Normale, taking second place in the annual competition for admission in which Hippolyte Taine came first. Among his college contemporaries, besides Taine, were Francisque Sarcey, Challemel-Lacour and Prevost-Paradol. Of them all, About was considered the most highly vitalized, exuberant, brilliant and "undisciplined". It is said that one of his schoolmasters told him "You will never be more than a little Voltaire"

At the end of his college career, he joined the French school in Athens, but claimed that he had never intended to follow the professorial career for which the École Normale was a preparation, and in 1853 he returned to France and devoted himself to literature and journalism.

Career

He made his name as an entertaining anti-clerical writer. The satirical Le Roi des montagnes (1856; translated into English by Mary Louise Booth as The King of the Mountains, and by Tom Taylor as The Brigand and His Banker, for a dramatized version) is the best-known of his novels.

In Greece, About had noticed that there was a curious understanding between the brigands and police: brigandage was becoming almost a safe and respectable industry. About pushed this idea to invent the story of a brigand chief who converts his business into a registered joint-stock company.

About at the time of his first notoriety, by Félix-Henri Giacomotti, 1858 (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg)
The grave of Edmond About in Pere La Chaise Cemetery in Paris

About's commentary on modern Greece, La Grèce contemporaine (1854), was an immediate success. But his Tolla (1855), the story of a young Parisian actress, gave rise to charges of drawing too freely on an earlier Italian novel, Vittoria Savelli (1841). This aroused prejudice against him, and he was the object of numerous attacks. The Lettres d'un bon jeune homme, written to the Figaro under the signature of "Valentin de Quevilly", provoked more animosities. During the next few years, he wrote novels, stories, a play (which failed), a book-pamphlet on the Roman question, many pamphlets on other subjects of the day, innumerable newspaper articles, some art criticisms, rejoinders to the attacks of his enemies, and popular manuals of political economy, L'A B C du travailleur (1868), Le progrès (1864). His more serious novels include Madelon (1863), L'Infâme (1867), the three that form the trilogy of the Vieille Roche (1866), and Le roman d'un brave homme (1880) – a kind of counterblast to the view of the French workman presented in Émile Zola's L'Assommoir. He is best remembered as a farceur, for the books Le nez d'un notaire (1862); Le roi des montagnes (1856); L'homme à l'oreille cassée (1862); Trente et quarante (1858); Le cas de M. Guérin (1862; see Georges Maurice de Guérin).

He was initiated at the Saint-Jean de Jérusalem Grand Orient de France lodge in Nancy on 7 March 1862. He wrote several articles against Masonic side degrees, a point of view that was common among French leftwing freemasons.

About's attitude towards the empire was friendly but critical. He greeted the liberal ministry of Émile Ollivier at the beginning of 1870 with delight, and welcomed the Franco-Prussian War. But as a result of the war he lost his beloved home in Alsace, which he had purchased in 1858 out of the fruits of his earlier literary successes. With the fall of the empire, he became a republican, and threw himself into battle against conservative reactionaries. From 1872 to about 1877, his paper, the XIX Siècle (19th century), became a power in the land. His political career, however, failed to advance further.

On 23 January 1884, he was elected a member of the Académie française, but died at age 66 before taking his seat. His grave at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris includes a sculpture by Gustave Crauck.

Filmography

Notes

  1. Chambers Biographical Dictionary; ISBN 0-550-18022-2, p. 5
  2. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Marzials, Frank Thomas (1911). "About, Edmond François Valentin". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 69.
  3. ^ Marzials 1911.
  4. Published in comic book form in the Classics Illustrated series (issue 127, Fall 1968)
  5. Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman, p. 106
  6. Daniel Ligou - Dictionnaire de la Franc-maçonnerie - Presses universitaires de France - Paris (1991); ISBN 978-2-13-054497-5

References

External links

Académie française seat 11
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