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{{Short description|none}}
{{Additional citations|date=August 2016}}
{{about|the ] features of the population of ], including population density, ], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population|a general overview of the citizens of Pakistan|Pakistanis}} {{About|the demographic features of the population of Pakistan|a general overview of the citizens of Pakistan|Pakistanis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox country demographics
{{Infobox place demographics
| country = ]
| image = Pakistan-demography.png | place = ]
| caption = Population of Pakistan, 1961–2013 | image = Pakistan Population Pyramid - July 1, 2021.svg
|image_size = 400
| size_of_population = 207,774,520 (2017 - excluding AJK, GB)<ref name="PBS-2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/content/provisional-summary-results-6th-population-and-housing-census-2017-0|title=Provisional Summary Results of 6th Population and Housing Census – 2017|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|language=en|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref>
| caption = ] of Pakistan as of July 1, 2021
| growth = 2.10 (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters">{{cite web|url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Pakistan#population_2016|title=Pakistan population – Demographics of Pakistan 2016|work=Country Meters|access-date=August 28, 2017}}</ref>
<!-- Population data -->
| birth = {{#expr: 5681686 / 190916866 * 1000 round 1}} births / 1,000 population (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" />
| size_of_population = 241,492,197 (2023 census)
| death = {{#expr: 1435695 / 190916866 * 1000 round 1}} deaths / 1,000 population (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" />
| density = {{convert|260.8|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|248.9|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}} (including ] and ])
| life = 67.7 years (2016)<ref name=geobase />
| growth = {{increase}} 1.85% (2021 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22">{{cite web |title=Pakistan |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |website=Pakistan – The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506105352/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |archive-date=6 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| life_male = 65.8 years (2016)<ref name=geobase />
| birth = 22.5 births / 1,000 population (2023 est.)
| life_female = 69.8 years (2016)<ref name=geobase />
| infant_mortality = 53.86 deaths / 1,000 live births (2016)<ref name=geobase /> | death = 7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| net_migration = −2.0 migrants / 1,000 population (2021 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| fertility = 2.68 children born / woman (2016)<ref name=geobase>{{cite web |url=http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=PK&year=2016 |title=Pakistan, Selected Rankings - 2016 |work=Geoba.se |access-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref>
| age_0-14_years = 35.4% (male 35,475,647 / female 33,586,757)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | life = 69.1 years (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| age_15-64_years = 60.4% (male 60,766,105 / female 56,886,961)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | life_male = 66.8 years (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| age_65_years = 4.2% (male 3,890,840 / female 4,325,538) (Jan. 2017)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | life_female = 71.6 years (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| fertility = 3.32 children born / woman (2024 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
| sr_total_mf_ratio = 1.033 male(s) / female (Jan. 2017)
<!--Age structure-->
| sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s) / female (2016)<ref name=geobase />
| sr_under_15 = {{#expr: 35475647 / 33586757 round 3}} male(s) / female (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | age_0–14_years = 37.2% (2020)<ref name="UNWPP2019" />
| sr_15-64_years = {{#expr: 60766105 / 56886961 round 3}} male(s) / female (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | age_15–64_years = 58.6% (2020)<ref name="UNWPP2019" />
| sr_65_years_over = {{#expr: 3890840 / 4325538 round 3}} male(s) / female (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" /> | age_65_years = 4.2% (2020)<ref name="UNWPP2019" />
<!-- Nationality, Ethnicity, Language -->
| nation = ''noun'': ]
| nation = ''noun'': ]
| major_ethnic = See ]
| official = See ] | major_ethnic = See ]
| spoken = See ] | spoken = See ]
}} }}
{{See also|2017 Census of Pakistan}}
]'s latest estimated population is 207,774,520 (excluding autonomous regions ] and ]).<ref name="PBS-2017" /> This makes Pakistan the world's ] country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. Including Azad Kashmir, the population would be 211.819 million. Gilgit Baltistan region has an additional estimated population of 1.8 million.


] had a population of 241,495,112 according to the final results of the ].<ref name="2017CensusPopulation">{{cite web |title=TABLE – 1 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |website=National.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927171509/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2021 |date=19 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AJKPop">{{cite web |title=STATISTICAL YEAROOK 2020 |url=https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf |website=Statistical Yearbook 2020.pdf |publisher=AJ&K BUREAU OF STATISTICS PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017165928/https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2021 |date=5 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GBPop">{{cite web |title=GILGIT-BALTISTAN at a GLANCE 2020 |url=https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf |website=Gilgit Baltistan at a Glance New Design.cdr |publisher=Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Planning & Development Department Statistical & Research Cell (SRC) |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017170116/https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2021 |date=20 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> This figure includes Pakistan's ] e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and ]. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's ].<ref name="UNWPP2019">{{cite web |title=World Population Prospects 2019 |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/ |website=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |publisher=United Nations |access-date=8 May 2022 |date=June 2019}}</ref>
During 1950–2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998-2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%.<ref name="PBS-2017" />


Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7&nbsp;million to 207.7&nbsp;million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.
Dramatic social changes have led to rapid urbanization and the emergence of ]. During 1990–2003, Pakistan sustained its historical lead as the second-most urbanized nation in South Asia with city dwellers making up 36% of its population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref> Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis now reside in towns of 5,000 people or more.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/17/pakistan |location=London |work=The Guardian | title=Pakistan looks to life without the general | first=Jason | last=Burke | date=17 August 2008}}</ref>


Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two ]: ] and ]. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8&nbsp;million to 75.7&nbsp;million), as Pakistan's ] rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of ], and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.
Pakistan has a multicultural and multi-ethnic society and hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world as well as a young population.


Due to a high ], which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's ]. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.<ref name="2017CensusAge">{{cite web |title=TABLE 4 – POPULATION BY SINGLE YEAR AGE, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |website=Table 04n.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224053856/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2021 |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The ] of the country was 19,<ref name="2017CensusAge" /> while its ] was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" />
The ] from the ancient ] to modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in modern region of ] from ], ] and ].

The ] from the ancient ] to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of ] from ] and the nearby ]. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite ] being Pakistan's ], estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,<ref>{{cite web |editor-last1=Simons |editor-first1=Gary F. |editor-last2=Fennig |editor-first2=Charles D. |title=Pakistan – Languages |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/languages |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |year=2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902143126/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/pk/languages |archive-date=2017-09-02 |url-status=deviated |edition=20th}}</ref><ref name="GlottologPK">{{cite web |title=Languages of Pakistan |url=https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=PK#4/33.01/73.28 |website=Glottolog 4.5 – Languages |publisher=Glottolog |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512205543/https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=PK#4/33.01/73.28 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2023, the country's three largest ]s were the ] (making up 36.98% of the total population), the ] (18.15%), and the ] (14.31%).<ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest ], estimated at 1.4&nbsp;million in mid-2021 by the ].<ref name="RefugeesUNHCR">{{cite web |title=Refugee Data Finder |url=https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ |website=UNHCR – Refugee Statistics |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512205655/https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Population== ==Population==
{{Main|Census in Pakistan}} {{Main|Census in Pakistan}}
{{Historical populations
| title = Historical Population of Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad)
| shading = off
| percentages = pagr
| align = right
| 1951 |33740167
| 1961 |42880378
| 1972 |65309340
| 1981 |84253644
| 1998 |132352279
| 2017 |207684626
| 2023 |241492917
|source =<ref name="2017CensusPopulation"/><ref name="1951-1998Data">{{cite book |date=January 2002 |title=1951-98 Population of Administrative Units (As on 1st March, 1998) |publisher=POPULATION CENSUS ORGANIZATION STATISTICS DIVISION GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN |url=http://www.irispunjab.gov.pk/StatisticalReport/Population%20Census/1998/1951-98%20Population%20of%20Administrative%20Units%20(As%20on%201st%20March,%201998).pdf |access-date=25 August 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823211928/http://www.irispunjab.gov.pk/StatisticalReport/Population%20Census/1998/1951-98%20Population%20of%20Administrative%20Units%20(As%20on%201st%20March,%201998).pdf}}</ref>
}}


The ] recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in ]'s ] and the ].<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" /> The census also reported that ]'s population stood at 4,045,367<ref name="AJKPop" /> and ]'s population was 1,492,924.<ref name="GBPop" /> This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.
===Geographic distribution===
]
The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the ]. ] is the most populous city in Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the population lives about an arc formed by the cities of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].


The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> and are covered in more detail in ]. This data includes ] and ].For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title=Crisis-hit Pakistan strikes $3bn IMF bailout deal |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66062429 |access-date=2023-08-29}}</ref>
===Population size and growth===


{{GraphChart
* Population: 207,774,520 (2017)<ref name="PBS-2017" />
| width = 550
* Growth rate: 2.10% (2016)<ref name="CountryMeters" />
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = million
| yAxisMin = 0
| yGrid = 0, 1
| xGrid = 10
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021


| y1 = 37.696264,38.215785,38.816777,39.488228,40.22409,41.023128,41.884995,42.808511,43.794993,44.843639,45.954226,47.060915,48.161841,49.32505,50.552592,51.841626,53.199414,54.629793,56.124743,57.676805,59.290872,60.878781,62.509565,64.285624,66.149169,68.126999,70.230923,72.451105,74.78933,77.407341,80.624057,84.270202,87.828198,91.080372,94.003867,97.121552,100.618523,104.251093,107.967838,111.670386,115.414069,119.203569,122.375179,125.546615,129.245139,133.117476,137.23481,141.330267,145.476106,149.694462,154.369924,159.217727,163.262807,166.87668,170.64862,174.372098,178.069984,181.924521,185.931955,190.123222,194.454498,198.602738,202.205861,205.337562,208.251628,210.969298,213.52484,216.379655,219.731479,223.29328,227.196741,231.402117
According to ]/], the population in Pakistan increased by 23 million from 1990 to 2008, with a 54% growth in population compared to 34% growth in ] and 38% growth in ].<ref name=IEApop2011> Population 1971–2008 ( pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) (original population ref OECD/ World Bank, e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)</ref>
| y1Title = Population (million)
}}


{{GraphChart
====Yearly population increase====
| width = 550
Pakistan's yearly population from 1950 to 2014, with estimation since last census (1998).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php|title=International Programs|publisher=}}</ref>
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = ‰
| yAxisMax = 50
| yAxisMin = -15
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| hAnnotatonsLine = 0
| hAnnotatonsLabel =
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021


| y1 = 43.716,44.12,44.49,44.778,45.004,45.184,45.366,45.515,45.649,45.696,45.749,45.76,45.647,45.503,45.298,45.091,44.831,44.579,44.201,43.724,43.549,43.445,43.342,43.281,43.115,43.017,42.941,43.027,43.117,43.235,43.539,44.156,44.567,44.669,44.469,44.245,44.29,44.207,44.011,43.684,43.147,42.531,41.829,40.756,40.097,39.211,38.516,37.683,37.079,36.475,35.761,35.342,34.868,34.132,33.513,32.867,32.402,32.589,32.361,32.193,32.109,31.872,31.601,31.181,30.462,29.699,29.306,28.963,28.594,28.276,27.967,27.519
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable"

| y2 = 31.127,29.351,28.071,26.917,25.957,24.912,24.075,23.208,22.412,21.63,20.909,20.184,19.486,18.673,17.927,17.286,16.323,15.615,14.96,14.395,13.794,16.162,13.404,13.246,13.205,12.95,12.817,12.735,12.502,12.309,12.109,11.946,11.825,11.608,11.415,11.351,11.257,11.383,11.199,11.013,10.731,10.543,10.489,10.43,10.215,10.194,9.852,9.654,9.353,9.023,8.77,8.583,8.454,8.311,8.177,8.402,7.831,7.798,7.733,7.703,7.599,7.524,7.479,7.333,7.274,7.097,7.036,6.89,6.843,6.765,7.06,7.168

| y3 = 12.589,14.769,16.419,17.861,19.047,20.272,21.291,22.307,23.237,24.066,24.84,25.576,26.161,26.83,27.371,27.805,28.508,28.964,29.241,29.329,29.755,27.283,29.938,30.035,29.91,30.067,30.124,30.292,30.615,30.926,31.43,32.21,32.742,33.061,33.054,32.894,33.033,32.824,32.812,32.671,32.416,31.988,31.34,30.326,29.882,29.017,28.664,28.029,27.726,27.452,26.991,26.759,26.414,25.821,25.336,24.465,24.571,24.791,24.628,24.49,24.51,24.348,24.122,23.848,23.188,22.602,22.27,22.073,21.751,21.511,20.907,20.351

| y4 = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-2.842,-2.728,-2.616,-2.503,-2.393,-2.293,-2.193,-2.091,-1.989,-1.965,-2.244,-2.213,-1.804,-1.051,-0.05,0.672,1.16,1.473,5.829,13.46,11.899,6.305,0.811,-3.73,2.912,1.986,3.14,1.374,0.609,0.262,-0.051,-10.733,-0.002,-2.138,2.228,1.079,1.073,1.024,0.992,6.112,2.164,-5.098,-3.459,-3.071,-3.62,-3.525,-3.092,-2.824,-1.779,-2.218,-4.474,-8.116,-9.24,-9.738,-10.244,-10.669,-7.25,-5.942,-5.258,-2.588,-2.035

| y1Title = Crude birth rate (per 1000)
| y2Title = Crude death rate (per 1000)
| y3Title = Crude rate of natural increase (per 1000)
| y4Title = Crude rate of migration (per 1000)<!-- Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation <ref>Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation, based the calculation average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year.-->
| colors = green, red, blue, orange
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 263.4,252.9,243.3,234.1,225.6,217.4,209.6,202.2,195.2,188.7,182.6,176.7,171.2,166.0,161.2,157.5,153.2,149.9,147.0,144.5,142.1,145.5,137.9,136.0,134.3,132.5,
131.0,129.6,128.1,126.6,125.1,123.6,122.1,120.5,118.8,117.0,115.2,113.3,111.5,109.6,107.8,105.9,103.9,101.7,99.5,97.2,94.7,92.3,89.9,87.5,85.3,83.3,81.5,79.8,78.4,77.9,75.7,74.5,73.1,71.8,70.5,68.8,67.1,65.5,63.8,62.1,60.4,58.8,57.1,55.5,53.9,52.3

| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 550
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.80,6.78,
6.76,6.73,6.70,6.67,6.64,6.62,6.59,6.55,6.52,6.48,6.43,6.36,6.29,6.21,6.11,6.01,5.89,5.77,5.64,5.51,5.39,5.26,5.12,5.01,4.88,4.75,4.64,4.53,4.51,4.43,4.36,4.30,
4.23,4.17,4.11,4.01,3.90,3.83,3.76,3.69,3.62,3.56,3.47

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
]
]

===Estimates from the United Nations===

In July 2022, the ] published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> This data includes ] and ].

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|- |-
! width="70" |Year
! Year||Population||Absolute increase||Percentage increase
! width="100" |{{abbr|Population|Population as of July 1 of the year}}
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 0 to 14
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 15 to 64
! width="120" |% Population<br />aged 65 or more
|- |-
!1950
| 1950||align="right"|40,381,000
|37,696,264
|40.5%
|54.0%
|5.5%
|- |-
!1955
| 1951||align="right"|41,347,000||align="right"|965,000||align="right"|2.39
|
|40.3%
|55.3%
|4.4%
|- |-
!1960
| 1952||align="right"|42,342,000||align="right"|995,000||align="right"|2.41
|45,954,226
|40.6%
|55.6%
|3.7%
|- |-
!1965
| 1953||align="right"|43,372,000||align="right"|1,030,000||align="right"|2.43
|51,841,626
|42.3%
|54.4%
|3.4%
|- |-
!1970
| 1954||align="right"|44,434,000||align="right"|1,062,000||align="right"|2.45
|59,290,872
|43.7%
|53.0%
|3.3%
|- |-
!1975
| 1955||align="right"|45,536,000||align="right"|1,102,000||align="right"|2.48
|68,126,999
|43.9%
|52.8%
|3.4%
|- |-
!1980
| 1956||align="right"|46,680,000||align="right"|1,144,000||align="right"|2.51
|80,624,057
|43.0%
|53.5%
|3.4%
|- |-
!1985
| 1957||align="right"|47,869,000||align="right"|1,189,000||align="right"|2.55
|97,121,552
|43.0%
|53.5%
|3.5%
|- |-
!1990
| 1958||align="right"|49,104,000||align="right"|1,235,000||align="right"|2.58
|115,414,069
|43.7%
|52.8%
|3.5%
|- |-
!1995
| 1959||align="right"|50,387,000||align="right"|1,283,000||align="right"|2.61
|133,117,476
|44.4%
|52.1%
|3.5%
|- |-
!2000
| 1960||align="right"|51,719,000||align="right"|1,332,000||align="right"|2.64
|154,369,924
|42.9%
|53.6%
|3.5%
|- |-
!2005
| 1961||align="right"|53,101,000||align="right"|1,382,000||align="right"|2.67
|174,372,098
|41.1%
|55.4%
|3.5%
|- |-
!2010
| 1962||align="right"|54,524,000||align="right"|1,423,000||align="right"|2.68
|194,454,498
|39.2%
|57.0%
|3.7%
|- |-
!2015
| 1963||align="right"|55,988,000||align="right"|1,464,000||align="right"|2.69
|210,969,298
|38.4%
|57.7%
|3.9%
|- |-
!2020
| 1964||align="right"|57,495,000||align="right"|1,507,000||align="right"|2.69
|227,196,741
|37.3%
|58.6%
|4.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2025
|249,948,885
|35.3%
|60.2%
|4.5%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2030
|274,029,836
|33.2%
|61.9%
|4.9%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2035
|298,432,780
|31.7%
|63.1%
|5.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2040
|322,595,767
|29.5%
|64.8%
|5.7%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2045
|345,818,945
|28.1%
|65.8%
|6.2%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
!2050
|367,808,468
|26.6%
|66.5%
|6.9%
|}

===Structure of population===
]}}]]

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census.<ref name="2017CensusAge" /> The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its ]. In 2017, Pakistan's ] stood at 105 males per 100 females,<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" /> which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain ] or ], which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|- |-
! width="110" |Age Group
| 1965||align="right"|59,046,000||align="right"|1,551,000||align="right"|2.70
! width="100" |Male
! width="100" |Female
! width="100" |Total
! width="100" |{{abbr|Sex ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males for 100 females}}
! width="100" |Percent
|- |-
!Total
| 1966||align="right"|60,642,000||align="right"|1,596,000||align="right"|2.70
!123,824,681
!116,613,077
!240,458,089
!106.12
!100.0%
|- |-
!0 – 4
| 1967||align="right"|62,282,000||align="right"|1,640,000||align="right"|2.70
|18,744,989
|17,726,432
|36,471,421
|105.1
|14.0%
|- |-
!5 – 9
| 1968||align="right"|63,970,000||align="right"|1,688,000||align="right"|2.71
|16,566,852
|15,705,284
|32,272,136
|108.8
|14.5%
|- |-
!10 – 14
| 1969||align="right"|65,706,000||align="right"|1,736,000||align="right"|2.71
|14,971,914
|13,817,137
|28,790,182
|111.8
|11.8%
|- |-
!15 – 19
| 1970||align="right"|67,491,000||align="right"|1,785,000||align="right"|2.72
|12,581,753
|11,569,893
|24,154,118
|108.0
|10.3%
|- |-
!20 – 24
| 1971||align="right"|69,326,000||align="right"|1,835,000||align="right"|2.72
|10,323,755
|10,141,864
|20,468,713
|100.0
|8.9%
|- |-
!25 – 29
| 1972||align="right"|71,121,000||align="right"|1,795,000||align="right"|2.59
|8,946,770
|9,016,962
|17,967,161
|98.8
|7.9%
|- |-
!30 – 34
| 1973||align="right"|72,912,000||align="right"|1,791,000||align="right"|2.52
|7,730,953
|8,026,004
|15,759,670
|96.4
|6.8%
|- |-
!35 – 39
| 1974||align="right"|74,712,000||align="right"|1,800,000||align="right"|2.47
|7,313,967
|7,047,727
|14,364,278
|102.2
|5.8%
|- |-
!40 – 44
| 1975||align="right"|76,456,000||align="right"|1,744,000||align="right"|2.33
|6,471,820
|6,063,242
|12,536,758
|101.5
|4.6%
|- |-
!45 – 49
| 1976||align="right"|78,153,000||align="right"|1,697,000||align="right"|2.22
|5,095,175
|4,624,839
|9,721,110
|104.9
|3.8%
|- |-
!50 – 54
| 1977||align="right"|80,051,000||align="right"|1,898,000||align="right"|2.43
|4,219,234
|3,827,003
|8,047,113
|110.4
|3.3%
|- |-
!55 – 59
| 1978||align="right"|82,374,000||align="right"|2,323,000||align="right"|2.90
|3,455,455
|2,933,026
|6,388,995
|113.8
|2.4%
|- |-
!60 – 64
| 1979||align="right"|85,219,000||align="right"|2,845,000||align="right"|3.45
|2,247,341
|2,063,695
|4,311,861
|108.9
|2.1%
|- |-
!65 – 69
| 1980||align="right"|88,097,000||align="right"|2,878,000||align="right"|3.38
|1,557,733
|1,393,718
|2,952,013
|111.8
|1.4%
|- |-
!70 – 74
| 1981||align="right"|90,975,000||align="right"|2,878,000||align="right"|3.27
|1,131,916
|1,001,805
|2,134,220
|113.0
|1.0%
|- |-
!75 or more
| 1982||align="right"|94,096,000||align="right"|3,121,000||align="right"|3.43
|1,338,251
|1,287,621
|2,626,523
|103.9
|1.26%
|- |-
! width="110" |Age Group
| 1983||align="right"|96,881,000||align="right"|2,785,000||align="right"|2.96
! width="100" |Male
! width="100" |Female
! width="100" |Total
! width="100" |{{abbr|Sex ratio|Sex ratio measured in number of males for 100 females}}
! width="100" |Percent
|- |-
!0 – 14
| 1984||align="right"|99,354,000||align="right"|2,473,000||align="right"|2.55
|43,533,720
|40,182,776
|83 716 496
|108.3
|40.3%
|- |-
!15 – 64
| 1985||align="right"|102,079,000||align="right"|2,725,000||align="right"|2.74
|58,778,374
|57,478,712
|116,257,086
|102.3
|56.0%
|- |-
!65+
| 1986||align="right"|105,240,000||align="right"|3,161,000||align="right"|3.10
|4,027,900
|3,683,144
|7,711,044
|109.4
|3.7%
|}

===Population distribution===

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the ] province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the ] and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in ]s, but two large and growing ] exist: the coastal ] and ] in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as ], ], ], and the capital ]) dot the rest of the country.

====By province====

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|- |-
! width="200" |Province or Territory
| 1987||align="right"|108,584,000||align="right"|3,344,000||align="right"|3.18
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" />
!]<ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| 1988||align="right"|112,021,000||align="right"|3,437,000||align="right"|3.17
|20,540,762
|25,463,974
|37,607,423
|47,292,441
|73,691,290
|109,989,655
|127,688,922
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
| 1989||align="right"|115,419,000||align="right"|3,398,000||align="right"|3.03
|6,047,748
|8,367,065
|14,155,909
|19,028,666
|30,439,893
|47,854,510
|55,696,147
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
| 1990||align="right"|118,816,000||align="right"|3,397,000||align="right"|2.94
|5,888,550
|7,578,186
|10,879,781
|13,259,875
|20,919,976
|35,501,964
|40,856,097
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
| 1991||align="right"|122,248,000||align="right"|3,432,000||align="right"|2.89
|1,167,167
|1,353,484
|2,428,678
|4,332,376
|6,565,885
|12,335,129
|14,894,402
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name={{abbr|ICT|Islamabad Capital Territory}}}}
| 1992||align="right"|124,962,000||align="right"|2,714,000||align="right"|2.22
|—
|117,669
|237,549
|340,286
|805,235
|2,003,368
|2,363,863
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |Four Provinces and ICT
| 1993||align="right"|127,563,000||align="right"|2,601,000||align="right"|2.08
!33,740,167
!42,880,378
!65,309,340
!84,253,644
!132,352,279
!207,684,626
!241,499,431
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Azad Kashmir}}<ref name="AJKPop" />
|886,000
|1,065,000
|1,573,000
|1,983,465
|2,972,501
|4,045,367
|
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}<ref name="GBPop" />
|—
|—
|—
|—
|884,000
|1,492,924
|
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |Total Pakistan
| 1994||align="right"|130,746,000||align="right"|3,183,000||align="right"|2.50
!—
!—
!—
!—
!136,208,780
!213,222,917
!
|}

====Urbanization====

The following table shows how Pakistan has ]. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of ], which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
|- |-
! width="200" |Province or Territory
| 1995||align="right"|134,185,000||align="right"|3,439,000||align="right"|2.63
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
! width="100" |]<ref name="2017CensusPopulation" />
!]<ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| 1996||align="right"|137,911,000||align="right"|3,726,000||align="right"|2.78
|17.3%
|21.5%
|24.4%
|27.6%
|31.3%
|36.9%
|40.7%
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
| 1997||align="right"|141,445,000||align="right"|3,534,000||align="right"|2.56
|29.2%
|37.9%
|40.4%
|43.3%
|48.8%
|51.9%
|54.0%
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
| 1998||align="right"|144,885,000||align="right"|3,440,000||align="right"|2.43
|8.6%
|10.3%
|11.1%
|12.6%
|14.3%
|16.5%
|15.0%
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
| 1999||align="right"|148,379,000||align="right"|3,494,000||align="right"|2.41
|12.4%
|16.9%
|16.5%
|15.6%
|23.9%
|27.6%
|30.1%
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name={{abbr|ICT|Islamabad Capital Territory}}}}
| 2000||align="right"|152,429,000||align="right"|4,050,000||align="right"|2.73
|0.0%
|0.0%
|32.3%
|60.1%
|65.7%
|50.4%
|46.9%
|- |-
! style="text-align:left;" |Four Provinces and ICT
| 2001||align="right"|156,795,000||align="right"|4,366,000||align="right"|2.86
!17.7%
!22.5%
!25.4%
!28.3%
!32.5%
!36.4%
!38.9%
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Azad Kashmir}}<ref name="AJKPop" />
|—
|—
|—
|8.1%
|12.5%
|17.4%
|
|- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
! style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}<ref name="GBPop" />
|—
|—
|—
|—
|16.8%
|16.5%
|
|}

====Largest cities====
{{main|List of cities in Pakistan by population}}

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, ] and ]. With populations of 18.9&nbsp;million and 13&nbsp;million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: ].

All city population figures below include adjacent ]s.

{{Static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
! width="100" |City Name
! width="100" |Province or Territory
! width="100" |2023 Population<ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
! width="100" |Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023)
! width="100" |2017 Population<ref name="2017CensusCities">{{cite web |title=TABLE – 2 URBAN LOCALITIES BY POPULATION SIZE AND THEIR POPULATION BY SEX, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table02n.pdf |website=Table 02n.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224053543/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table02n.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2021 |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
! width="100" |Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017)
! width="100" |1998 Population<ref name="1951-1998Data" />
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2002||align="right"|160,269,000||align="right"|3,474,000||align="right"|2.22
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|18,868,021
|{{Increase}}4.05%
|14,884,402
|{{Increase}} 2.48%
|9,339,023
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2003||align="right"|163,166,000||align="right"|2,897,000||align="right"|1.81
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|13,004,135
|{{Increase}}2.65%
|11,119,985
|{{Increase}} 4.06%
|5,209,088
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2004||align="right"|166,224,000||align="right"|3,058,000||align="right"|1.87
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|3,691,999
|{{Increase}}2.37%
|3,210,158
|{{Increase}} 2.49%
|2,008,861
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2005||align="right"|169,279,000||align="right"|3,055,000||align="right"|1.84
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|3,357,612
|{{Increase}}8.18%
|2,097,824
|{{Increase}} 2.11%
|1,409,768
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2006||align="right"|172,382,000||align="right"|3,103,000||align="right"|1.83
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|2,668,047
|{{Increase}}3.55%
|2,028,421
|{{Increase}} 3.11%
|1,132,509
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2007||align="right"|175,495,000||align="right"|3,113,000||align="right"|1.81
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|2,215,381
|{{Increase}}2.85%
|1,872,641
|{{Increase}} 2.38%
|1,197,384
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2008||align="right"|178,479,000||align="right"|2,984,000||align="right"|1.70
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|1,921,275
|{{Increase}}1.53%
|1,733,622
|{{Increase}} 2.10%
|1,166,894
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2009||align="right"|181,457,000||align="right"|2,978,000||align="right"|1.67
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|name=KPK}}
|1,905,975
|{{Decrease}}-0.55%
|1,969,823
|{{Increase}} 3.72%
|982,816
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2010||align="right"|184,405,000||align="right"|2,948,000||align="right"|1.62
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
|1,565,546
|{{Increase}}7.79%
|999,385
|{{Increase}} 3.04%
|565,137
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2011||align="right"|187,343,000||align="right"|2,938,000||align="right"|1.59
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Islamabad|name=ICT}}
|1,108,872
|{{Increase}}1.59%
|1,009,003
|{{Increase}} 3.45%
|529,180
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2012||align="right"|190,284,285||align="right"|2,941,285||align="right"|1.57
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|975,886
|{{Increase}}6.81%
|658,208
|{{Increase}} 1.92%
|458,440
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2013||align="right"|193,271,748||align="right"|2,987,463||align="right"|1.55
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|911,817
|{{Increase}}5.64%
|656,730
|{{Increase}} 2.36%
|421,502
|- |-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| 2014||align="right"|196,228,805||align="right"|2,957,057||align="right"|1.53
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|903,795
|{{Increase}}2.88%
|762,774
|{{Increase}} 3.34%
|408,395
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|606,533
|{{Increase}}6.58%
|414,309
|{{Increase}} 1.83%
|293,366
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|591,424
|{{Increase}}3.80%
|472,269
|{{Increase}} 2.79%
|280,263
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|574,240
|{{Increase}}6.65%
|390,758
|{{Increase}} 2.34%
|251,792
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|563,851
|{{Increase}}2.02%
|500,401
|{{Increase}} 2.12%
|335,551
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|551,716
|{{Increase}}2.07%
|488,006
|{{Increase}} 3.15%
|270,283
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Punjab}}
|538,344
|{{Increase}}5,59%
|388,795
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|533,693
|{{Increase}}6.90%
|358,146
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|519,261
|{{Increase}}3.57%
|420,963
|{{Increase}} 3.14%
|233,537
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|510,875
|{{Increase}}6.11%
|358,296
|
|
|} |}


==Vital statistics==
===UN estimates<ref name="WPP 2010"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=6 May 2011 }}</ref>===

{| class="sortable wikitable"
As Pakistan lacks a national ] system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The ] estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were ], making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered.<ref name="UNRegistrationEstimates">{{cite web |title=Coverage of Birth and Death Registration – 2021 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/crvs/documents/2021-coverage.xlsx |website=Coverage of Birth and Death Registration – 2021 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123203454/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/crvs/documents/2021-coverage.xlsx |archive-date=23 January 2022 |date=February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.<ref name="UNRegistrationEstimates" />

===Demographic and Health Surveys===

Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the ] in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.<ref name="UNDataSourcesWPP2019">{{cite web |title=Data Sources |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/586 |website=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |publisher=United Nations |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508160234/https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/586 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |date=June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
! rowspan = "2" |Survey
! rowspan = "2" |]
! rowspan = "2" |]
! rowspan = "2" |]
! colspan = "3" |]
! colspan = "2" |]
|- |-
!Urban
!
!Rural
! style="width:80pt;"|Total population <small>(in thousands)</small>
!Total
! style="width:80pt;"|Population aged 0–14 (%)
!Male
! style="width:80pt;"|Population aged 15–64 (%)
!Female
! style="width:80pt;"|Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
! style=text-align:left |] 2006–07<ref name="DHS 2006-07">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006–07 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR200/FR200.pdf |website=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006–07 |publisher=National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326022342/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR200/FR200.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2022 |date=June 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|30.7
|—
|78
|3.30
|4.49
|4.08
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |{{abbr|PSLM|Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey}} 2007–08<ref name="PSLM 2007-08">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/social_statistics/publications/pslm2007_08/report_pslm07_08.pdf |website=National provincial level Report 2007-08.doc |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204095930/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2013_14/A%20report%2013-14(%2012-05-15)_FInal_1.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2022 |date=2008–2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|69
|3.13
|4.41
|3.95
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |PSLM 2011–12<ref name="PSLM 2011-12">{{cite web |title=PAKISTAN SOCIAL AND LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT SURVEY (2011–12) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/pslm/publications/pslm2011-12/complete_report_pslm11_12.pdf |website=complete_report_pslm11_12.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321043613/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/pslm/publications/pslm2011-12/complete_report_pslm11_12.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2022 |date=May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|63
|3.26
|4.35
|3.95
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |DHS 2012–13<ref name="DHS 2012-13">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012–13 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR290/FR290.pdf |website=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012–13 |publisher=National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424000129/https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR290/FR290.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2022 |date=December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|74
|3.16
|4.20
|3.84
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |PSLM 2013–14<ref name="PSLM 2013-14">{{cite web |title=PSLM 2013–14 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2013_14/A%20report%2013-14%28%2012-05-15%29_FInal_1.pdf |website=PSLM |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204095930/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2013_14/A%20report%2013-14(%2012-05-15)_FInal_1.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2022 |date=2014–2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|65
|3.24
|4.35
|3.95
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |DHS 2017–18<ref name="DHS 2017-18">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR354/FR354.pdf |website=Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 |publisher=National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428125806/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR354/FR354.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2022 |date=January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|29
|—
|62
|2.93
|3.94
|3.56
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |PSLM 2018–19<ref name="PSLM 2018-19">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2018–19 National /Provincial (Social Report) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf |website=TECHNICAL NOTES |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410154323/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2022 |date=June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|60
|3.01
|4.21
|3.75
|—
|—
|-
! style=text-align:left |{{abbr|PMMS|Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey}} 2019<ref name="PMMS 2019">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR366/FR366.pdf |website=Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019 |publisher=National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508165009/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR366/FR366.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2022 |date=December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—
|64.3
|66.5
|-
! style=text-align:left |{{abbr|PDS|Pakistan Demographic Survey}} 2020<ref name="PDS 2020">{{cite web |title=PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2020 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_satistics/pds2020/pakistan_demographic_survey_2020.pdf |website=Table of Content |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508163222/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_satistics/pds2020/pakistan_demographic_survey_2020.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2022 |date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|27
|6.7
|56
|3.07
|4.11
|3.72
|64.5
|65.5
|}

====Regional fertility rates====

Many of the surveys above also recorded ] data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
|+
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
! width="200" |Survey
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="60" |]
! width="90" |Pakistan
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |DHS 2006–07<ref name="DHS 2006-07" />
| 1950
|3.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 37,547
|4.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.3
|{{abbr|4.3|Figure does not include former ]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 54.1
|4.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.6
|—
|—
|—
!4.08
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |] Punjab 2011<ref name="MICS Punjab 2011">{{cite web |title=Untitled |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS4/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29/2011/Final/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29%202011%20MICS_English.zip |website=Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2011 |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |date=2 September 2012}}</ref>
| 1955
|3.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 41,109
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.3
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 54.8
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |DHS 2012–13<ref name="DHS 2012-13" />
| 1960
|3.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 45,920
|3.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.4
|{{abbr|3.9|Figure does not include former ]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 55.3
|4.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.3
|3.0
|—
|3.8
!3.84
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS Punjab 2014<ref name="MICS Punjab 2014">{{cite web |title=Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 Final Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29/2014/Final/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29%202014%20MICS_English.pdf |website=Pakistan (Punjab) 2014 MICS_English.pdf |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606010425/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29/2014/Final/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29%202014%20MICS_English.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2022 |date=December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1965
|3.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 51,993
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 41.6
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 54.5
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.9
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS Sindh 2014<ref name="MICS Sindh 2014">{{cite web |title=Sindh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 Final Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Sindh%29/2014/Final/Pakistan%20%28Sindh%29%202014%20MICS_English.pdf |website=Pakistan (Sindh) 2014 MICS_English.pdf |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728180120/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20(Sindh)/2014/Final/Pakistan%20(Sindh)%202014%20MICS_English.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2021 |date=December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1970
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 59,383
|4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.6
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 53.6
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS KPK 2016–17<ref name="MICS KPK 2016-17">{{cite web |title=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016–17 Final Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29/2014/Final/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29%202014%20MICS_English.pdf |website=Pakistan 2016-17 MICS (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Final Report_English.pdf |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606005748/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa%29/2016-2017/Final/Pakistan%202016-17%20MICS%20%28Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa%29%20Final%20Report_English.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2022 |date=June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1975
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 68,483
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.2
|{{abbr|4.0|Figure does not include former ]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 53.1
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.7
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS G-B 2016–17<ref name="MICS G-B 2016-17">{{cite web |title=Gilgit-Baltistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016–17 Final Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Gilgit-Baltistan%29/2016-2017/Final/Pakistan%202016-17%20MICS%20%28Gilgit-Baltistan%29_English.pdf |website=Microsoft Word - 001A. Gilgit-Baltistan MICS 2016-17_26102017.docx |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618040540/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS5/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Gilgit-Baltistan%29/2016-2017/Final/Pakistan%202016-17%20MICS%20%28Gilgit-Baltistan%29_English.pdf |archive-date=18 June 2020 |date=September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1980
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 80,493
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.4
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 52.9
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.7
|—
|—
|4.6
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |DHS 2017–18<ref name="DHS 2017-18" />
| 1985
|3.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 95,470
|3.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.4
|{{abbr|4.1|Survey taken before ] was merged in KPK. The 4.8 figure in former FATA and the 4.0 figure in pre-merger KPK were averaged together (adjusting for relative populations)}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 52.9
|4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
|3.0
|3.5
|4.7
!3.56
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS Punjab 2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18">{{cite web |title=Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2017–18 Survey Findings Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Punjab%29/2017-2018/Survey%20findings/MICS%20SFR_Final_English.pdf |website=MICS SFR_Final_English.pdf |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406020612/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20(Punjab)/2017-2018/Survey%20findings/MICS%20SFR_Final_English.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2022 |date=November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1990
|3.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 111,845
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.7
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 52.5
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS Sindh 2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19">{{cite web |title=Sindh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2018–19 Survey Findings Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Sindh%29/2018-2019/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202018-19%20MICS%20%28Sindh%29_English.pdf |website=MergedFile |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606011050/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Sindh%29/2018-2019/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202018-19%20MICS%20%28Sindh%29_English.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2022 |date=February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1995
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 127,347
|3.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.3
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 52.9
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS KPK 2019<ref name="MICS KPK 2019">{{cite web |title=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 Survey Findings Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa%29/2019/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202019%20MICS%20%28Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa%29%20Survey%20Findings%20Report_English.pdf |website=Pakistan 2019 MICS (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Survey Findings Report_English.pdf |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119121030/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20(Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa)/2019/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202019%20MICS%20(Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa)%20Survey%20Findings%20Report_English.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |date=December 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 2000
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 144,522
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 41.4
|4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 54.7
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.9
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS Balochistan 2019-20<ref name="MICS Balochistan 2019-20">{{cite web |title=Balochistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019-20 Survey Findings Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Balochistan%29/2019-2020/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202019-20%20MICS%20%28Balochistan%29_English.pdf |website=MICS6 Survey Findings Report |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930231446/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Balochistan%29/2019-2020/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202019-20%20MICS%20%28Balochistan%29_English.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2022 |date=August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 2005
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 158,645
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.1
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 57.8
|4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.1
|—
|—
|—
!—
|- |-
! style=text-align:left |MICS AJK 2020–21<ref name="MICS AJK 2020-21">{{cite web |title=Azad Jammu and Kashmir Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2020–21 Survey Findings Report |url=https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Azad%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%29/2020-2021/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202020-21%20MICS%20%28AJ%26K%29_English.pdf |website=Untitled-1 |publisher=UNICEF MICS |access-date=6 June 2022 |date=December 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606011717/https://mics-surveys-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/MICS6/South%20Asia/Pakistan%20%28Azad%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%29/2020-2021/Survey%20findings/Pakistan%202020-21%20MICS%20%28AJ%26K%29_English.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 2011
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 173,593
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.4
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 60.3
|—
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.3
|—
|3.4
|—
!—
|} |}


The MICS surveys above also provide data on ], although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.
=== Structure of population ===


{{Static row numbers}}
The following statistics<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=UN Data |publisher=United Nations |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref> are for 1 July 2007. They exclude data for Azad Kashmir, the final status of which has not yet been determined. They are based on the results of the Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS 2007).
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style=text-align:right

|+
The structure of the population by five-year age groups and gender is:
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! width="100" |]
! width="100" |Province
! width="130" |Total fertility rate
! width="130" |{{abbr|Margin of error|Margin of error refers to the difference between confidence limits and estimated Total fertility rate (found in the last few pages of the document)}}
! width="130" |Year of survey
! width="130" |] Population
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
! width="80pt"|Age Group
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
! width="80pt"|Male
|3.1
! width="80pt"|Female
|±0.2
! width="80pt"|Total
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
! width="80pt"|%
|11,119,985
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | Total
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 76 857 737
|3.3
| align="right" | 73 002 651
|±0.2
| align="right" | 149 860 388
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 100
|7,882,444
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 0–4
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 9 783 859
|3.2
| align="right" | 9 756 608
|±0.2
| align="right" | 19 540 467
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 13,04
|5,402,380
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 5–9
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 11 710 324
|3.4
| align="right" | 10 844 307
|±0.2
| align="right" | 22 554 631
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 15,05
|5,011,066
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 10–14
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 10 636 015
|4.6
| align="right" | 9 619 874
|±0.4
| align="right" | 20 255 889
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 13,52
|4,807,762
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 15–19
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 9 063 876
|3.6
| align="right" | 8 211 804
|±0.3
| align="right" | 17 275 679
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 11,53
|4,746,166
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 20–24
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|name=KPK}}
| align="right" | 6 824 723
|4.0
| align="right" | 6 733 861
|±0.5
| align="right" | 13 558 584
|2019<ref name="MICS KPK 2019" />
| align="right" | 9,05
|4,331,959
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 25–29
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 5 268 436
|4.7
| align="right" | 5 564 656
|±0.3
| align="right" | 10 833 092
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 7,23
|4,328,549
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 957 414 | style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|{{abbr|2.2|This data includes the area now comprising Kemari District, which was split off after the survey was taken}}
| align="right" | 4 474 911
|±0.3
| align="right" | 8 432 325
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
| align="right" | 5,63
|{{abbr|3,907,065|This data includes the area now comprising Kemari District, which was split off after the survey was taken}}
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 35–39
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 4 132 910
|3.5
| align="right" | 4 219 507
|±0.3
| align="right" | 8 352 417
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 5,57
|3,894,938
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 40–44
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 3 496 263
|3.6
| align="right" | 3 281 389
|±0.3
| align="right" | 6 777 652
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 4,52
|3,696,212
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 45–49
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 3 277 150
|3.9
| align="right" | 2 999 342
|±0.4
| align="right" | 6 276 492
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 4,19
|3,669,176
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 50–54
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 2 429 295
|3.7
| align="right" | 2 156 822
|±0.3
| align="right" | 4 586 117
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 3,06
|3,460,004
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 55–59
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 1 864 568
|4.3
| align="right" | 1 679 608
|±0.3
| align="right" | 3 544 175
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 2,36
|3,454,881
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 60–64
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 1 637 251
|4.3
| align="right" | 1 296 418
|±0.4
| align="right" | 2 933 669
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 1,96
|3,040,826
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 65–69
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 1 106 476
|3.7
| align="right" | 932 030
|±0.3
| align="right" | 2 038 506
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 1,36
|2,975,656
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 857 310 | style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|2.2
| align="right" | 606 846
|±0.3
| align="right" | 1 464 156
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
| align="right" | 0,98
|2,971,382
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 75–79
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 358 255
|4.0
| align="right" | 295 833
|±0.4
| align="right" | 654 088
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 0,44
|2,920,233
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 80–84
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 250 734
|3.8
| align="right" | 177 547
|±0.3
| align="right" | 428 280
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 0,29
|2,902,081
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 202 880 | style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|3.2
| align="right" | 151 288
|±0.4
| align="right" | 354 168
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
| align="right" | 0,24
|2,875,315
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
|}
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
The structure of the population by coarse age groups and gender is:
|5.4
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|±0.5
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
|2,872,631
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
! width="50"|Age group
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
! width="80pt"|Male
|3.1
! width="80"|Female
|±0.2
! width="80"|Total
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
! width="50"|Percent
|2,756,289
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 0–14
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 32 130 198
|4.3
| align="right" | 30 220 789
|±0.4
| align="right" | 62 350 987
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 41,61
|2,742,633
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 41 951 884 | style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|2.5
| align="right" | 40 618 318
|±0.3
| align="right" | 82 570 202
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
| align="right" | 55,10
|2,577,556
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| align="right" | 65+
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
| align="right" | 2 775 655
|3.6
| align="right" | 2 163 544
|±0.4
| align="right" | 4 939 199
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
| align="right" | 3,30
|2,513,011
|- |-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|4.8
|±0.8
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
|2,405,190
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|name=KPK}}
|4.0
|±0.3
|2019<ref name="MICS KPK 2019" />
|2,373,399
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|name=KPK}}
|4.5
|±0.5
|2019<ref name="MICS KPK 2019" />
|2,308,624
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Balochistan, Pakistan|name=Balochistan}}
|4.7
|±0.3
|2019-20<ref name="MICS Balochistan 2019-20" />
|2,269,473
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|3.0
|±0.4
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
|2,199,928
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
|3.5
|±0.3
|2017–18<ref name="MICS Punjab 2017-18" />
|2,191,495
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Sindh}}
|4.2
|±0.4
|2018–19<ref name="MICS Sindh 2018-19" />
|2,049,873
|-
| style=text-align:left |]
| style=text-align:left |{{Flag|Islamabad|name=ICT}}
|3.0
|±0.3
|2017–18<ref name="DHS 2017-18" />
|2,003,368
|} |}


===Estimates from the United Nations===
===Gender ratios===

* Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
In July 2022, the ] published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> This data includes ] and ].
* under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
* 15–64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
* 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
* total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2011)


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
==Vital statistics<ref name="WPP 2010"/>==
|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- |-
! style="width:80pt;"|Year ! width="50" rowspan = "2" |Year
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |Mid-year<br />population
! style="width:80pt;"|Live births per year
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |Annual<br />live births
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths per year
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |Annual<br />deaths
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change per year
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |Annual<br />natural<br />increase
! style="width:80pt;"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |]
! style="width:80pt;"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |]
! style="width:80pt;"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |]
! style="width:80pt;"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="70" rowspan = "2" | Crude migration rate (per 1,000)
! style="width:80pt;"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |]
! width="70" rowspan = "2" |]
! width="140" colspan = "2" |]
|- |-
!Male
| 1950–1955
!Female
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 652 000
| style="text-align:right;"| 937 000
| style="text-align:right;"| 715 000
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
| style="text-align:right;"| 176.6
|- |-
!1950
| 1955–1960
|37,696,264
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 873 000
|1,647,739
| style="text-align:right;"| 907 000
|1,173,219
| style="text-align:right;"| 966 000
|474,520
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.0
|43.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.9
|31.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.1
|12.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 156.3
|263.4
|6.80
|36.2
|33.4
|- |-
!1951
| 1960–1965
|38,215,785
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 128 000
|1,686,378
| style="text-align:right;"| 894 000
|1,121,858
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 233 000
|564,520
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.5
|44.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.3
|29.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.2
|14.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
| -1.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 139.5
|252.9
|6.80
|37.5
|34.6
|- |-
!1952
| 1965–1970
|38,816,777
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 407 000
|1,727,288
| style="text-align:right;"| 887 000
|1,089,817
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 520 000
|637,471
| style="text-align:right;"| 43.2
|44.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.9
|28.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.3
|16.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
| -0.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 125.7
|243.3
|6.80
|38.6
|35.8
|- |-
!1953
| 1970–1975
|39,488,228
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 738 000
|1,768,524
| style="text-align:right;"| 890 000
|1,063,098
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 848 000
|705,426
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.8
|44.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.9
|26.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.9
|17.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
| -0.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 114.8
|234.1
|6.80
|39.8
|36.9
|- |-
!1954
| 1975–1980
|40,224,090
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 197 000
|1,810,574
| style="text-align:right;"| 935 000
|1,044,277
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 262 000
|766,297
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.9
|45.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.6
|26.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.3
|19.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.60
| -0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 106.6
|225.6
|6.80
|40.7
|37.9
|- |-
!1955
| 1980–1985
|41,023,128
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 746 000
|1,853,944
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 019 000
|1,022,153
| style="text-align:right;"| 2 726 000
|831,791
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.6
|45.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.6
|24.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.0
|20.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.44
| -0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 101.5
|217.4
|6.80
|41.8
|39.0
|- |-
!1956
| 1985–1990
|41,884,995
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 367 000
|1,900,510
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 120 000
|1,008,574
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 247 000
|891,936
| style="text-align:right;"| 42.1
|45.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.8
|24.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.3
|21.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.30
| -0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 96.7
|209.6
|6.80
|42.7
|39.8
|- |-
!1957
| 1990–1995
|42,808,511
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 566 000
|1,948,801
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 166 000
|993,703
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 400 000
|955,098
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.2
|45.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 9.7
|23.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.5
|22.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.67
| -0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 90.1
|202.2
|6.80
|43.7
|40.7
|- |-
!1958
| 1995–2000
|43,794,993
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 674 000
|1,999,584
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 201 000
|981,704
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 473 000
|1,017,880
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.4
|45.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.8
|22.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.6
|23.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.00
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 83.2
|195.2
|6.80
|44.6
|41.6
|- |-
!1959
| 2000–2005
|44,843,639
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 387 000
|2,049,555
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 213 000
|970,149
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 175 000
|1,079,406
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.9
|45.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.0
|21.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.9
|24.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.00
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 76.8
|188.7
|6.80
|45.5
|42.5
|- |-
!1960
| 2005–2010
|45,954,226
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 666 000
|2,102,786
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 277 000
|961,020
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 390 000
|1,141,766
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.1
|45.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.7
|20.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.4
|24.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.65
| 0
| style="text-align:right;"| 70.9
|182.6
|6.80
|46.3
|43.4
|- |-
!1961
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
|47,060,915
|}
|2,157,005

|951,411
===Vital statistics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finance.gov.pk/|title=- Ministry of Finance - Government of Pakistan -|author=|date=|website=www.finance.gov.pk|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref>===
|1,205,594
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|style="color:blue;"|45.8
|20.2
|25.6
| -1.5
|176.7
|6.80
|47.2
|44.2
|- |-
!1962
! style="width:50pt;"| Year (1st July).
|48,161,841
! style="width:50pt;"| Population (in thousands)
|2,201,790
! style="width:50pt;"| Live births (in thousands)
|939,942
! style="width:50pt;"| Deaths (in thousands)
|1,261,848
! style="width:50pt;"| Natural change (in thousands)
|45.6
! style="width:50pt;"| Crude birth rate (per 1.000)
|19.5
! style="width:50pt;"| Crude death rate (per 1.000)
|26.2
! style="width:50pt;"| Natural change (per 1.000)
| -2.8
! style="width:50pt;"| Fertility rates
|171.2
|6.80
|48.0
|45.0
|- |-
!1963
| 2009
|49,325,050
| style="text-align:right;"| 173 500
|2,247,761
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 820
|922,383
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 290
|1,325,378
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 530
|45.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.5
|18.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.3
|26.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.2
| -2.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.5
|166.0
|6.80
|48.8
|46.3
|- |-
!1964
| 2010
|50,552,592
| style="text-align:right;"| 177 100
|2,293,167
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 820
|907,551
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 290
|1,385,616
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 530
|45.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.5
|17.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.3
|27.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.2
| -2.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.5
|161.2
|6.80
|49.7
|47.4
|- |-
!1965
| 2011
|51,841,626
| style="text-align:right;"| 180 710
|2,340,733
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 915
|897,333
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 301
|1,443,400
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 614
|45.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.2
|17.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.2
|27.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.0
| -2.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.4
|157.5
|6.80
|50.3
|48.5
|- |-
!1966
| 2012
|53,199,414
| style="text-align:right;"| 184 350
|2,388,085
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 941
|869,523
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 291
|1,518,562
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 650
|44.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.8
|16.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.0
|28.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.8
| -2.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.3
|153.2
|6.80
|51.6
|50.0
|- |-
!1967
| 2013
|54,629,793
| style="text-align:right;"| 188 020
|2,438,389
| style="text-align:right;"| 4 964
|854,112
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 297
|1,584,277
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 667
|44.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.4
|15.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
|29.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.5
| -2.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.2
|149.9
|6.80
|52.6
|51.2
|- |-
!1968
| 2014
|56,124,743
| style="text-align:right;"| 191 710
|2,483,692
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 003
|840,624
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 303
|1,643,068
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 700
|44.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.1
|15.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.8
|29.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.3
| -1.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.2
|147.0
|6.80
|53.5
|52.3
|- |-
!1969
| 2015
|57,676,805
| style="text-align:right;"| 195 400
|2,524,648
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 002
|831,202
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 309
|1,693,446
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 693
|43.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.6
|14.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.7
|29.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.9
| -1.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.1
|144.5
|6.80
|54.2
|53.3
|- |-
!1970
| 2016
|59,290,872
| style="text-align:right;"| 199 710
|2,584,996
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 033
| style="text-align:right;"| 1 318 |style="color:blue;"|818,806
|1,766,190
| style="text-align:right;"| 3 715
|43.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.2
|13.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.6
|29.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| -1.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.0
|142.1
|6.80
|55.0
|54.6
|- |-
!1971
|}
|60,878,781

|2,648,206
===Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey/survey-display-419.cfm|title=The DHS Program|publisher=}}</ref>===
|985,142
Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):
|1,663,064
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|43.4
|16.2
|27.3
| -0.5
|145.5
|6.80
|49.0
|52.2
|- |-
!1972
! style="width:50pt;"| Year
|62,509,565
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Total)
|2,712,779
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Total)
|838,978
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Urban)
|1,873,801
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Urban)
|43.3
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Rural)
|13.4
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Rural)
|29.9
| -3.1
|137.9
|style="color:blue;"|6.81
|55.4
|55.1
|- |-
!1973
| 1990–1991
|64,285,624
| style="text-align:right;"|
|2,785,335
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,4 (4,7)
|852,459
| style="text-align:right;"|
|1,932,876
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,9 (3,8)
|43.3
| style="text-align:right;"|
|13.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,6 (5,1)
|30.0
| -1.6
|136.0
|6.81
|55.5
|55.5
|- |-
!1974
| 2006–2007
|66,149,169
| style="text-align:right;"| 30,7
|2,853,960
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,1 (3,1)
|874,080
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,6
|1,979,880
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,3 (2,5)
|43.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 32,3
|13.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,5 (3,4)
|29.9
| -0.9
|134.3
|6.81
|55.4
|55.6
|- |-
!1975
| 2010–2012
|68,126,999
| style="text-align:right;"|
|2,931,237
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,8 (2,9)
|882,423
| style="text-align:right;"|
|2,048,814
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,2 (2,4)
|43.0
| style="text-align:right;"|
|13.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,2 (3,1)
|30.1
| -0.2
|132.5
|6.81
|55.8
|56.2
|- |-
!1976
|}
|70,230,923

|3,015,342
===Fertility by region 2010–2012 (released in 2012–13)<ref name="measuredhs.com2012">http://measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/PR35/PR35.pdf</ref>===
|900,018

|2,115,324
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|42.9
|12.8
|30.1
| 0.8
|131.0
|6.81
|55.9
|56.5
|- |-
!1977
! Region !! Fertility rate
|72,451,105
|3,116,181
|922,294
|2,193,887
|43.0
|12.7
|30.3
| 1.3
|129.6
|6.80
|55.8
|56.9
|- |-
!1978
| Urban || 3.2
|74,789,330
|3,223,019
|934,553
|2,288,466
|43.1
|12.5
|30.6
| 1.7
|128.1
|6.78
|56.3
|57.4
|- |-
!1979
| Rural || 4.2
|77,407,341
|3,337,688
|950,235
|2,387,453
|43.2
|12.3
|30.9
| 4.1
|126.6
|6.76
|56.5
|58.1
|- |-
!1980
| Overall || 3.8
|80,624,057
|3,487,787
|970,044
|2,517,743
|43.5
|12.1
|31.4
| 10.2
|125.1
|6.73
|56.8
|58.6
|- |-
!1981
| ] || 3.0
|84,270,202
|-
|3,700,274
| ] || 3.8
|1,001,060
|2,699,214
|44.2
|11.9
|32.2
| 13.0
|123.6
|6.70
|57.1
|59.3
|- |-
!1982
| ] || 3.8
|87,828,198
|3,903,191
|1,035,663
|2,867,528
|44.6
|11.8
|32.7
| 9.5
|122.1
|6.67
|57.4
|59.8
|- |-
!1983
| ] || 3.9
|91,080,372
|4,067,866
|1,057,064
|3,010,802
|44.7
|11.6
|style="color:blue;"|33.1
| 3.9
|120.5
|6.64
|57.7
|60.5
|- |-
!1984
| ] || 3.9
|94,003,867
|4,188,905
|1,075,240
|3,113,665
|44.5
|11.4
|33.1
| -1.0
|118.8
|6.62
|58.0
|61.0
|- |-
!1985
| ] || 4.2
|97,121,552
|}
|4,291,612

|1,100,992
===Contraceptives usage (%) 2010–2012 (released in 2012–13)<ref name="measuredhs.com2012"/>===
|3,190,620

|44.2
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|11.4
|32.9
| 0.3
|117.0
|6.59
|58.5
|60.4
|- |-
!1986
! Region !! Contraceptives usage (%)
|100,618,523
|4,453,073
|1,131,849
|3,321,224
|44.3
|11.3
|33.0
| 3.0
|115.2
|6.55
|58.8
|60.3
|- |-
!1987
| Urban || 44.8%
|104,251,093
|4,602,418
|1,185,062
|3,417,356
|44.2
|11.4
|32.8
| 3.3
|113.3
|6.52
|58.5
|59.8
|- |-
!1988
| Rural || 30.7%
|107,967,838
|4,749,506
|1,208,574
|3,540,932
|44.0
|11.2
|32.8
| 2.9
|111.5
|6.48
|58.5
|60.4
|- |-
!1989
| Overall || 35.4%
|111,670,386
|4,877,528
|1,229,672
|3,647,856
|43.7
|11.0
|32.7
| 1.6
|109.6
|6.43
|58.7
|60.7
|- |-
!1990
| ] || 59.4%
|115,414,069
|-
|4,979,805
| ] || 40.7%
|1,238,482
|3,741,323
|43.1
|10.7
|32.4
| 1.1
|107.8
|6.36
|59.0
|61.4
|- |-
!1991
| ] || 33.6%
|119,203,569
|5,070,548
|1,256,930
|3,813,618
|42.5
|10.5
|32.0
| 0.8
|105.9
|6.29
|59.4
|61.3
|- |-
!1992
| ] || 29.5%
|122,375,179
|5,146,942
|1,290,628
|3,856,314
|41.8
|10.5
|31.3
| -4.7
|103.9
|6.21
|59.6
|60.7
|- |-
!1993
| ] || 28.1%
|125,546,615
|5,116,844
|1,309,418
|3,807,426
|40.8
|10.4
|30.3
| -4.4
|101.7
|6.11
|59.6
|60.4
|- |-
!1994
| ] || 19.5%
|129,245,139
|}
|5,188,381

|1,321,834
===Mortality and life expectancy===
|3,866,547
* Maternal mortality ratio: 320 (2009 est.)<ref name="unfpa.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.unfpa.org/public/ |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090125233843/http://www.unfpa.org/public/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 January 2009 |title=United Nations Population Fund |publisher=UNFPA |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|40.1
* Life expectancy at birth:
|10.2
** total population: 65.5 years (2007 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=sp_dyn_le00_in&idim=country:PAK&q=life+expectancy+in+pakistan |title=World Bank, World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref>
|29.9
** male: 66.5 years (2009 est.)<ref name="unfpa.org"/>
| -0.4
** female: 67.2 years (2009 est.)<ref name="unfpa.org"/>
|99.5
As adultery is a crime punishable by death in Pakistan, just in the main cities 1,210 infants were killed or abandoned to die (2010), 90% of them girls and most less than a week old according to conservative estimates by the ], a charity working to reverse this increasing trend.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jQWICJqxiuQtPzhEZ-pBbV0s1OUg?docId=CNG.63a88de80b1de58e46110f2810f9802b.3c1|title=Killings of newborn babies on the rise in Pakistan|author=Hasan Mansoor|date=18 January 2011|agency=AFP |accessdate=19 January 2011}}</ref>
|6.01

|59.7
==Human development==
|60.6

===Human Development Index===
{{Further|List of Pakistani Districts by Human Development Index}}
According to the 2009 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 60.3% of Pakistanis live on less than $2 a day.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hosain |first=Maha |url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/apr2010/gb2010044_082450.htm |title=How to Warm Ties Among Indians and Pakistanis |publisher=Businessweek |date=6 April 2010 |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- |-
!1995
! Province || Human Development Index || Comparable country
|133,117,476
|5,214,150
|1,355,586
|3,858,564
|39.2
|10.2
|29.0
| 1.0
|97.2
|5.89
|59.5
|60.4
|- |-
!1996
! scope="row" colspan="4" style="color:#000;"| Medium human development
|137,234,810
|5,283,367
|1,351,457
|3,931,910
|38.5
|9.9
|28.7
| 2.2
|94.7
|5.77
|59.9
|61.1
|- |-
!1997
| ] || 0.670 || {{flag|Tajikistan}}
|141,330,267
|5,323,160
|1,363,688
|3,959,472
|37.7
|9.7
|28.0
| 1.8
|92.3
|5.64
|59.9
|61.5
|- |-
!1998
| ] || 0.628 || {{flag|India}}
|145,476,106
|5,391,873
|1,360,060
|4,031,813
|37.1
|9.4
|27.7
| 1.6
|89.9
|5.51
|60.2
|62.1
|- |-
!1999
| ] || 0.607 || {{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|149,694,462
|5,457,820
|1,350,165
|4,107,655
|36.5
|9.0
|27.5
| 1.5
|87.5
|5.39
|60.8
|62.8
|- |-
!2000
| ] || 0.556 || {{flag|Ghana}}
|154,369,924
|}
|5,503,880

|1,349,760
Sources: Information on Pakistani regions:<ref name="PakistanCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov.pk/index.php|title=Pakistan Census|author=|date=|website=census.gov.pk|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref> Information on other countries:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf|title=- Human Development Reports|publisher=}}</ref> All Estimated at three decimal places.
|4,154,120

|35.8
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|8.8
|27.0
| 4.2
|85.3
|5.26
|61.2
|63.1
|- |-
!2001
! Region || Human Development Index || Comparable country
|159,217,727
|5,621,718
|1,365,265
|4,256,453
|35.3
|8.6
|26.8
| 4.6
|83.3
|5.12
|61.4
|63.6
|- |-
!2002
! scope="row" colspan="4" style="color:#000;"| Medium human development
|163,262,807
|5,707,878
|1,383,913
|4,323,965
|34.9
|8.5
|26.4
| -1.0
|81.5
|5.01
|61.7
|63.7
|- |-
!2003
| Urban ] || 0.659 || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}/{{flag|South Africa}}
|166,876,680
|5,705,869
|1,389,323
|4,316,546
|34.1
|8.3
|25.8
| -3.7
|79.8
|4.88
|61.9
|64.0
|- |-
!2004
| Urban ] || 0.657 || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}/{{flag|South Africa}}
|170,648,620
|5,728,041
|1,397,637
|4,330,404
|33.5
|8.2
|25.3
| -2.7
|78.4
|4.75
|61.9
|64.4
|- |-
!2005
| Urban ] || 0.627 || {{flag|India}}
|174,372,098
|5,741,665
|1,467,794
|4,273,871
|32.9
|8.4
|24.5
| -2.7
|77.9
|4.64
|61.2
|64.0
|- |-
!2006
| Urban ] || 0.591 || {{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|178,069,984
|5,780,328
|1,397,071
|4,383,257
|32.4
|7.8
|24.6
| -3.4
|75.7
|4.53
|62.1
|65.7
|- |-
!2007
| Rural ] || 0.517 || {{flag|Sudan}}
|181,924,521
|5,939,254
|1,421,100
|4,518,154
|32.6
|7.8
|24.8
| -3.2
|74.5
|4.51
|61.9
|66.1
|- |-
!2008
! scope="row" colspan="4" style="color:#000;"| Low human development
|185,931,955
|6,026,112
|1,440,035
|4,586,077
|32.4
|7.7
|24.6
| -2.6
|73.1
|4.43
|61.9
|66.5
|- |-
!2009
| Rural ] || 0.489 || {{flag|Zimbabwe}}/{{flag|Kenya}}
|190,123,222
|6,126,953
|1,466,094
|4,660,859
|32.2
|7.7
|24.5
| -2.0
|71.8
|4.36
|62.1
|66.5
|- |-
!2010
| Rural ] || 0.486 || {{flag|Mauritania}}
|194,454,498
|6,251,649
|1,479,575
|4,772,074
|32.1
|7.6
|24.5
| -1.7
|70.5
|4.30
|62.3
|66.9
|- |-
!2011
| Rural ] || 0.456 || {{flag|Eritrea}}
|198,602,738
|6,344,791
|1,497,860
|4,846,931
|31.9
|7.5
|24.3
| -3.0
|68.8
|4.23
|62.5
|67.1
|-
!2012
|202,205,861
|6,416,601
|1,518,663
|4,897,938
|31.6
|7.5
|24.1
| -6.0
|67.1
|4.17
|62.7
|67.2
|-
!2013
|205,337,562
|style="color:blue;"|6,432,644
|1,512,911
|style="color:blue;"|4,919,733
|31.2
|7.3
|23.8
| -8.3
|65.5
|4.11
|63.0
|67.6
|-
!2014
|208,251,628
|6,374,716
|1,522,217
|4,852,499
|30.5
|7.3
|23.2
| -9.0
|63.8
|4.01
|63.1
|67.7
|-
!2015
|210,969,298
|6,297,466
|1,504,820
|4,792,646
|29.7
|7.1
|22.6
| -9.6
|62.1
|3.90
|63.5
|68.2
|-
!2016
|213,524,840
|6,291,208
|1,510,500
|4,780,708
|29.3
|7.0
|22.3
| -10.2
|60.4
|3.83
|63.7
|68.3
|-
!2017
|216,379,655
|6,289,965
|1,496,276
|4,793,689
|29.0
|6.9
|22.1
| -8.7
|58.8
|3.76
|64.0
|68.8
|-
!2018
|219,731,479
|6,302,081
|1,508,129
|4,793,952
|28.6
|style="color:blue;"|6.8
|21.8
| -6.3
|57.1
|3.69
|64.2
|69.0
|-
!2019
|223,293,280
|6,330,933
|1,514,600
|4,816,333
|28.3
|6.8
|21.5
| -5.3
|55.5
|3.62
|64.6
|69.1
|-
!2020
|227,196,741
|6,362,705
|1,606,293
|4,756,412
|28.0
|7.1
|20.9
| -3.4
|53.9
|3.56
|63.9
|68.8
|-
!2021
|231,402,117
|6,374,741
|style="color:red;"|1,660,400
|4,714,341
|style="color:red;"|27.5
|7.2
|20.4
| -1.9
|52.3
|style="color:red;"|3.47
|63.8
|68.6
|} |}


]
{| class="sortable wikitable"
]

==Human development==

===Human Development Index===
{{Further|List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index}}

Pakistan's ] (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to ] and ]. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update| title = 2019 HD Report| date = January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/PAK.pdf| title = Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update: Pakistan}}</ref>

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:<ref name="Subnational HDR">{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Rank
!Region
!HDI (2018)<ref name="Subnational HDR"/>
|- |-
! colspan="3" style="color:#fc0;" |Medium human development
! Region || Human Development Index || Comparable country
|- |-
|1
! scope="row" colspan="4" style="color:#000;"| Medium human development
|]
|0.875 {{decrease}}
|- |-
|2
| Urban ] || 0.656 || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}/{{flag|South Africa}}
|]
|0.611 {{decrease}}
|- |-
|3
! scope="row" colspan="4" style="color:#000;"| Low human development
|]
|0.593 {{increase}}
|- |-
|4
| Rural ] || 0.496 || {{flag|Togo}}
|]
|0.567 {{increase}}
|- style="background:#e6e6e6"
|–
|{{PAK}} '''(average)'''
|0.561 {{increase}}
|-
! colspan="3" style="color:#900;" |Low human development
|-
|5
|]
|0.533 {{decrease}}
|-
|6
|]
|0.529 {{decrease}}
|-
|7
|]
|0.477 {{increase}}
|-
|8
|]
|0.466 {{decrease}}
|} |}


===Literacy===
Note: Regarding the above two tables, information on Pakistan has been taken from the ''PAKISTAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2003'' and for the countries of the world, information has been taken from the ''Human Development Report 2006'' as it best reflects the time when data was taken for Pakistan. Pakistan National Human Development Report gave Pakistan an HDI score of 0.541 whereas the Human Development Report 2006 gave it a score of 0.539.
Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below.<ref name="Economic Survey 2018–19">{{Cite news |date=2019-06-10 |title="First Ever Digital Census" Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Key Findings Report |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-19 |work=Key Findings of 2023 Census Results}}</ref>


{| class=wikitable
Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org.pk/nhdr/htm_pages/cp_1.htm |title=NHDRs 2003 |publisher=Un.org.pk |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404045331/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr06-complete.pdf |date=4 April 2015 }}</ref>
| Total population || {{Percentage bar|62.85}}
|-
| Urban || {{Percentage bar|77.09}}
|-
| Rural || {{Percentage bar|55.56}}
|}


===Educational institutions by kind===
===Literacy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/10_Education.pdf|title=untitled<!-- Bot generated title -->|author=|date=|website=finance.gov.pk|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref>===
definition: aged 10 and over and can read and write as of 2008–09
* Total population: 60%
* Male: 69%
* Female: 45%

===Educational institutions by kind<ref name="Pakistan Education Statistics 2007-08">{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.pk/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%2007-08.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002183659/http://www.moe.gov.pk/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%2007-08.pdf |archivedate=2 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>===
* Primary schools: 156,592 * Primary schools: 156,592
* ]s: 320,611 * ]s: 320,611
Line 848: Line 2,487:
* ]: 1,202 * ]: 1,202
* ]: 3,125 * ]: 3,125
* Universities: 197<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hec.gov.pk/OurInstitutes/Pages/Default.aspx|title=HEC recognized Universities|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209080426/http://www.hec.gov.pk/OurInstitutes/Pages/Default.aspx|archivedate=9 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * Universities: 197<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hec.gov.pk/OurInstitutes/Pages/Default.aspx|title=HEC recognized Universities|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209080426/http://www.hec.gov.pk/OurInstitutes/Pages/Default.aspx|archive-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Pakistan Education Statistics 2007–08">{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.pk/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%2007-08.pdf |title=Pakistan Education Statistics 2007–08 |access-date=2010-07-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002183659/http://www.moe.gov.pk/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%2007-08.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2011}}</ref>


==Nationality, ethnicity, and language== ==Nationality, ethnicity, and language==


===Ethnic groups=== ===Ethnic groups===
] {{Main|Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Pakistan<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html|title= South Asia ::PAKISTAN|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref> |caption = Ethnic groups in Pakistan (])<ref>{{Citation |title=Pakistan |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |work=The World Factbook |date=26 May 2022 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>
|label1 = ]
|titlebar=#ddd
|value1 = 44.7
|float=right
|color1 = Green
|bars=
|label2 = ]
{{bar percent|]|green|44.68}}
|value2 = 18.24
{{bar percent|] (Pathan)|blue|15.42}}
|color2 = Red
{{bar percent|]|red|14.10}}
|label3 = ]
{{bar percent|]|pink| 8.38}}
|value3 = 14.1
{{bar percent|]|yellow|7.57}}
|color3 = Black
{{bar percent|]|cyan|3.57}}
|label4 = ]
{{bar percent|Other|orange|6.28}}
|value4 = 8.4
|color4 = Maroon
|label5 = ]
|value5 = 7.6
|color5 = DarkGreen
|label6 = ]
|value6 = 3.6
|color6 = White
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 6.3
|color7 = Grey
}} }}
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}
Pakistan's diversity is more visible along cultural differences and less along linguistic, religious or genetic lines. Almost all Pakistanis belong to the ] linguistic group of the ] branch. Pakistan's rough estimates vary, but the consensus is that the ] are the largest ethnic group. ] (Pakhtuns) make up the second largest group and ] are the third-largest ethnic group.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taus-Bolstad |first=Stacy |title=Pakistan in Pictures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9QbtVadL_gC&lpg=PA41&ots=78JRCu10Ir&dq=sindhi%20largest%20ethnic%20group&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q=sindhi%20largest%20ethnic%20group&f=false |accessdate=11 August 2010 |edition=Revised |series=Visual geography series |year=2003 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |location=Minneapolis |isbn=978-0-8225-4682-5 |page=41}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Joshua Project |url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=109027&rog3=AF |title=Sindhi of Afghanistan Ethnic People Profile |publisher=Joshuaproject.net |date= |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2010}} ]s (a transitional group between ] and ]) make up 10.53% of the total population. The remaining large groups include the ] and the ], which make up 7.57% and 3.57% of the total population, respectively. ] and the ], and the various peoples of the ], constitute roughly 4.66% of the total population. The Pakhtun and Baloch represent two of the major populations that are linguistically ], while the majority Punjabis, Hindkowans, Sindhis and Saraikis are the major linguistically ] groups.


The major ]s of ] include ], ], ], ], ], ], ]/], ], ], and ]<ref>{{Citation |title=Pakistan |date=2 August 2022 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref>{{refn|Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each.<ref name="PakPop">{{Cite web |title=POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf|website=www.pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>|name=main|group=note}} with significant numbers of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and other various minorities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadeer |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&pg=PA40 |title=Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation |date=2006-11-22 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-18617-4 |pages=70 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Shaheen Sardar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60VAsoo-huYC&q=pakistan+ethnic+groups |title=Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan: Constitutional and Legal Perspectives |last2=Rehman |first2=Javaid |date=2013-02-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77868-1 |language=en}}</ref>
Descendents of ]s that were brought as ] in the 15th to the 19th century are known as ]. The Sheedis are Muslims and speak ], ] and ].{{cn|date=July 2016}}


Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4&nbsp;million ] who are temporarily residing in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Registered Afghan Refugees in Pakistan |publisher=UNHCR|date=December 31, 2020|url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak|access-date=2021-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Onward Movements of Afghan Refugees|date=March–April 2021 |url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Statistical%20Factsheet%20Onward%20movements%20of%20Afghan%20refugees%20March-April%202021.pdf|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/pk/12999-government-to-deliver-first-new-por-smartcards-to-afghan-refugees.html |title=Government delivered first new Proof of Registration smartcards to Afghan refugees |date=May 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30}}</ref> Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically ], ], ] and others.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Voluntary Repatriation Update |publisher=UNHCR |location=Pakistan |url=http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |access-date=2017-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173655/http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1850, the ] started developing ] as a major port for trade and commerce, resulting in the arrival of a large number immigrants from ], Gujarat and ]. The ] Catholics constitute the majority of the Christians in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goansofpakistan.org/|title=..::-Goans of Pakistan-::..|author=Syed Osman Naeem – Development Technology Professionals|publisher=}}</ref>

After the Pakistan–India war in 1971, thousands of ] and ] from ] arrived in the Karachi, followed by Muslim ]<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/derek-flood/from-south-to-south-refug_b_100387.html|title=From South to South: Refugees as Migrants: The Rohingya in Pakistan|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref> from ], and ] from ].

Approximately 1.4 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unhcrpk.org/new-representative-for-unhcr-in-pakistan-arrives/|title=New representative for UNHCR in Pakistan arrives|author=|date=|website=unhcrpk.org|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref> ] reside in Pakistan on a temporary bases.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2017/12/06/pakistan-extend-stay-afghans-one-more-year |title=Pakistan to extend stay for Afghans by one more year |date=6 December 2017 |accessdate=2017-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://unhcrpk.org/unhcr-welcomes-new-government-policy-for-afghans-in-pakistan/|title=UNHCR welcomes new government policy for Afghans in Pakistan|publisher=unhcrpk.org |year=2016|location=Pakistan}}</ref> Many of them were born and raised in Pakistan in the last 30 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=94962|title=PAKISTAN: Tolerance wanes as perceptions of Afghan refugees change|date=27 February 2012|publisher=]|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> The majority of this group are ethnic Pakhtuns from southeastern Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |date=November 2016 |title=Voluntary Repatriation Update |publisher=UNHCR |location=Pakistan}}</ref>

All major ethnic groups in Pakistan, while categorized as separate entities, have thousands of years of shared history and inter-mingling. In addition, inter-marriages between ethnic groups within the country are not uncommon.


===Foreign-born population in Pakistan=== ===Foreign-born population in Pakistan===
{{Main|Immigration to Pakistan}} {{Main|Immigration to Pakistan}}
After the ] of ] in 1947, many Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of ]s from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018.<ref name="auto"/> There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], among others.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} After the ] of ] in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of ] from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2017/12/06/pakistan-extend-stay-afghans-one-more-year |title=Pakistan to extend stay for Afghans by one more year |date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref> There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], among others.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}


{|
]
|

{| class="sortable wikitable" {| class="sortable wikitable" style="margin: 0 0 0 0;"
|- |-
! Year||Population||Foreign born||Percentage foreign born ! Year||Population||Foreign born||Percentage foreign born
Line 902: Line 2,545:
| 2005||157,935,000||3,254,112||2.06% | 2005||157,935,000||3,254,112||2.06%
|} |}
| ]

Source: <sup><ref name="gum - globalization urbanization migration">)</ref></sup>

===Languages===
{{Main|Languages of Pakistan}}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+'''Census history of major languages'''
<br>
!Rank
!Language
!1998 census
!1981 census
!1961 census
!1951 census
|-
| 1
| ]*
| 44.15%
| 48.17%
| 56.39%
| 57.08%
|-
| 2
| ]
| 15.42%
| 13.35%
| 8.47%
| 8.16%
|-
| 3
| ]
| 14.1%
| 12.7%
| 12.59%
| 12.85%
|-
| 4
| ]*
| 10.53%
| 9.54%
|
|
|-
| 5
| ]
| 7.57%
| 7.60%
| 7.57%
| 7.05%
|- |-
| Source:<ref name="gum – globalization urbanization migration">{{cite web |title=Pakistan |website=gum: globalization urbanization migration |url=http://gstudynet.org/gum/Pakistan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104014238/http://gstudynet.org/gum/Pakistan.htm |archive-date=4 January 2011}}</ref>
| 6
| Mostly those born before 1947
| ]
| 3.57%
| 3.02%
| 2.49%
| 3.04%
|} |}


===Languages===
{* ] was included with ] in the 1951 and 1961 censuses.}
{{Main|Languages of Pakistan}}{{Pie chart|thumb=left|caption=Languages of Pakistan (2023 census)<ref>https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>|label1=]|value1=36.98|color1=Red|label2=]|value2=18.15|color2=Yellow|label3=]|value3=14.31|color3=Purple|label4=]|value4=12.00|color4=Orange|label5=]|value5=9.25|color5=Green|label6=]|value6=3.38|color6=Blue|label7=]|value7=2.32|color7=Lime|label8=]|value8=1.16|color8=Violet|label9=]|value9=0.46|color9=Black|value10=0.43|label10=]|value11=0.11|value12=0.05|label11=]|label12=]|value13=0.02|label13=]|value14=0.003|label14=]|value15=1.38|label15=Others|color10=Brown|color11=Aqua|color12=Pink|color14=White|color15=Grey}}] is a ] with dozens of languages spoken as ]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ashraf |first=Hina |date=2022-03-22 |title=The ambivalent role of Urdu and English in multilingual Pakistan: a Bourdieusian study |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |journal=Language Policy |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=25–48 |doi=10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |issn=1573-1863 |pmc=8939399 |pmid=35340722}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Ashraf |first1=Muhammad Azeem |last2=Turner |first2=David A. |last3=Laar |first3=Rizwan Ahmed |date=January 2021 |title=Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice |journal=SAGE Open |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=215824402110041 |doi=10.1177/21582440211004140 |s2cid=232484396 |issn=2158-2440|doi-access=free }}</ref> The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the ] group of the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rengel |first=Marian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJMlW-zDE14C&pg=PA38 |title=Pakistan: A Primary Source Cultural Guide |date=2003-12-15 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-4001-1 |pages=38}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kachru |first1=Braj B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2n4sFGDEMYC&pg=PA34 |title=Language in South Asia |last2=Kachru |first2=Yamuna |last3=Sridhar |first3=S. N. |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46550-2 |pages=34}}</ref>


] is the ] and the ] of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with ], it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. Languages with more than a million speakers each include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="2017CensusLanguage">{{cite web |date=2021 |title=TABLE 11 – POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409115251/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |website=www.pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Shahbaz |date=2024-07-19 |title=Pakistan 27th in global population growth |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2480881/pakistan-27th-in-global-population-growth |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en |quote=One of the questions in the population census was about the mother-tongue. The number of Urdu speaking people have increased to 9.3% by 2023. But Punjabi-origin people have reduced to 37%. There is also a reduction in the Sindh language speaking people from 14.6% to 14.3%. the Pashto speaking people reduced from 18.3% to 18.2% but Balochi-language people increased from 3% to 3.4%. The number of Saraiki-language people was reduced from 12.2% to 12%.}}</ref>
Following are the major languages spoken in Pakistan. The percentage of Pakistanis who are native speakers of that language is also given.


] lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last1=Eberhard |editor-first1=David M. |editor-last2=Simons |editor-first2=Gary F. |editor-last3=Fennig |editor-first3=Charles D. |year=2019 |title=Pakistan: Status |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=22nd |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/pk/status |url-status=deviated |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417190054/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/status}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+
!colspan=2|Language
!rowspan=9 class="unsortable"|
!colspan=2|2008 estimate
!rowspan=9 class="unsortable"|
!colspan=2|1998 census
!rowspan=9 class="unsortable"|
!Main areas spoken
|- align=right
| 1
! ]
|
| 76,369,930
| 44.17%
|
| 58,433,431
| 44.15%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 2
! ]
|
| 26,695,760
| 15.44%
|
| 20,408,621
| 15.42%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 3
! ]
|
| 26,540,150
| 15.35%
|
| 18,661,571
| 14.10%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 4
! ]
|
| 18,016,180
| 10.42%
|
| 13,936,594
| 10.53%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 5
! ]
|
| 13,123,110
| 7.59%
|
| 10,019,576
| 7.57%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 6
! ]
|
| 6,207,110
| 3.59%
|
| 4,724,871
| 3.57%
|
! ]
|- align=right
| 7
! Others
|
| 5,947,760
| 3.44%
|
| 6,167,515
| 4.66%
|
!
|- align=right
!colspan=2| Total
!
! 172,900,000
! 100%
!
! 132,352,279
! 100%
!
! Pakistan
|}
{{bar box
|title=Languages of Pakistan<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|]|Blue|48}}
{{bar percent|]|Orange|12}}
{{bar percent|]|Yellow|10}}
{{bar percent|] (Pathan)|Green|8}}
{{bar percent|]|Gray|8}}
{{bar percent|]|Red|3}}
{{bar percent|]|Brown|2}}
{{bar percent|]|Silver|1}}
{{bar percent|Other|Green|8}}
}}
There are around 75 to 80 known ] although, in practice, there are primarily six major languages in Pakistan spoken by 95% of the population: Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, and Balochi. The ] is English and the ] is ], the census indicates that around 8% of the population speak Urdu as their ]. However, due to rapid urbanization and modernization, the use of Urdu as a primary language is increasing, especially amongst the growing urbanized middle class of ]. Most Pakistanis speak or understand at least two to three languages and almost all Pakistanis speak or understand the national language, Urdu.


==Religion==
The most prevalent native languages appear in bold below, with the percentage of the population speaking them as their first language rounded to the nearest percentage point:
{{Main|Religion in Pakistan}}
{{columns|colwidth=10em
{{Pie chart
| col1 =
|thumb = right
* ]
|caption = Religion in Pakistan (2023 census)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=KEY FINDINGS OF 2023 CENSUS|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf|journal=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan|pages=1|access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref>
* ]
|label1 = ]
* ]
|value1 = 96.35
* ''']''' (4%)
|color1 = Green
* ]
|label2 = ]
* ]
|value2= 2.17
* ]
|color2=Orange
* ]
|label3 = ]
* ]
|value3 = 1.37
* ]
|color3 = Blue
* ]
|color5 = Black
* ]
|value5=0.07|value6=0.04|color6=Gray|label5=]|label6=Others}}
* ]
According to the ], ], ], over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023219/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2013 |title=Pakistan, Islam in |access-date=29 August 2010 |work=] |quote=Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 20 and 25 percent are Shias, mostly Twelvers. |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090617014724/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=PK&regionCode=sas&#pk |url-status= dead |archive-date= 17 June 2009 |title=Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 65%, Shia 30%), other (includes Hindus and Christians ) 5% |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=] |year=2010}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf |title=Country Profile: Pakistan |date=February 2005 |work=] on Pakistan |quote=''Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 75 percent are Sunni and 25 percent Shi'a.'' |publisher=] |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> Majority of the Muslims practice ] with a significant minority of ].
* ]
* ]i
* ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/dari.htm|title=Dari language, alphabet and pronunciation|accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref>
| col2 =
* ]
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| col3 =
* ]
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| col4 =
* ]i
* ]
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* ]-]
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* ''']''' (15%)
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* ''']''' (44%)
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* ''']''' (10%)
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| col5 =
* ''']''' (14%)
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* ''']''' (8%)
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}}

====English====
English is the ], being widely used within the ], by the ] and the officer ranks of the ]. Pakistan's ] and laws are written in English. Nearly all ], ] and ] use English as the ]. Amongst the more educated social circles of Pakistan, English is seen as the language of upward mobility and its use is becoming more prevalent in upper social circles, often spoken alongside native Pakistani languages.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Among countries that use English as an official language, Pakistan is the third-most populous in the world. <!--there are five countries that have more people than Pakistan, but only two – India and USA – have English as an official language. :-->

====Urdu====
] is the ] of Pakistan, the '']'' chosen to facilitate communication between the country's diverse linguistic populations. Although only about 7.5% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language, it is spoken as a second and often third language by nearly all Pakistanis.

On the annexation of ] (1843) and ] (1849), the ] encouraged its use as the ''lingua franca'' and subsequently banned the use of ], which had been the ''lingua franca'' of the region for many centuries before. Persian had been introduced by ] ] invaders who migrated into South Asia,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQJHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=ghaznavids+brought+persian+to+south+asia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WSamVIHeGNLiavmygKAL&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=ghaznavids%20brought%20persian%20to%20south%20asia&f=false|title=South Asian Sufis: Devotion, Deviation, and Destiny|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref> and had been patronised by the Turko-Afghan ]. This language change was designed to institute a universal language throughout the then British Raj in South Asia as well as minimize the influence that ], the ] and Afghanistan had on this transitional region.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

Urdu is a relatively new language but has undergone considerable modification and development, with many borrowings from older languages such as Persian, ], ] and local ]. It is a standardized register of ] and in its spoken form. It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools. It is the first language of most ] – Muslim refugees that arrived from different parts of ] after the ] of ] in 1947, and that form nearly 8% of Pakistan's population – and is an acquired language by nearly all of Pakistan's native ethnic groups. It is spoken by almost 92% of the population, making Pakistan a unique country in its choice of national language. Urdu has been promoted as a token of national unity.

In recent years, the Urdu spoken in Pakistan has undergone further evolution and acquired a particularly "Pakistani flavour", often absorbing local native terminology and adopting a strong ], ] and ] leaning in terms of intonations and vocabulary. It is a modern language which is constantly evolving from its original form. It is written in a modified form of the ], ], and its basic Hindi-based vocabulary has been enriched by words from ], ], ] and English. Urdu has drawn inspiration from ] and has now an enormous stock of words from that language.

The first poetry in Urdu was by the poet ] (1253–1325) and the first Urdu book ''Woh Majlis'' was written in 1728; the first time the word "Urdu" was used was by ] in 1741.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nH1HBxdA1UIC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=Siraj-ud-din+Arzoo+urdu&source=bl&ots=6J9v2r1lFo&sig=e_zKqJUQcbF2m4c_n6SNvuLKVGc&hl=en&ei=m5GfTab5Ga6L0QHt3dXtBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide|publisher=}}</ref> The ] Emperor ] (1658–1707) spoke ] (or ]) fluently as did his descendents while his ancestors mostly spoke ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-246277088.html|title=Bonds of Culture|publisher=}}</ref>

====Punjabi====
] is a provincial language spoken mostly in ], as well as by a large number of people in ]. Punjabi does not have any official status in Pakistan. The exact number of Punjabi speakers in Pakistan is hard to determine since the boundaries with the closely related ] and ] are not always clear-cut. The standard Punjabi variety is from ], ], ] and ] districts of Pakistani Punjab, and is also nowadays the language of Punjabi literature, film and music, such as ].

====Pashto====<!--Linked from ]-->
] is a provincial language spoken as a first language by about 15% of Pakistanis, mostly in the ] and in ] as well as by immigrants to the eastern provinces. There are two major dialect patterns within which the various individual dialects may be classified; these are Pakhto, which is the Northern (]) variety, and the softer Pashto spoken in the southern areas. There are also many Pakistanis from the adjacent regions of ], ] and ] who are conversant in Pashto and count it as their second language. They are not included in the overall percentage.

The ] (Pakhtuns or Pathans), originally from ], ] and northern ], are now the city's second largest ethnic group in Karachi after ]s.<ref name=pbs>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2009/07/karachis_invisi.html|title=Karachi's Invisible Enemy|author=Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy|publisher=PBS|date=17 July 2009|accessdate=24 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="The National">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090825/FOREIGN/708249931|title=In a city of ethnic friction, more tinder|publisher=The National|date=24 August 2009|accessdate=24 August 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116211443/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090825%2FFOREIGN%2F708249931|archivedate=16 January 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> With as high as 7 million by some estimates, the city of Karachi in Pakistan has the largest concentration of urban ] in the world, including 50,000 registered ] in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/2009/02/10/local9.htm|title=UN body, police baffled by minister’s threat against Afghan refugees|publisher=Dawn Media Group|date=10 February 2009|accessdate=24 January 2012}}</ref> ] is the biggest ] speaking city in the world although the Pashto speakers constitute only about 25% of Karachi's population.<ref>, thefridaytimes</ref>

====Sindhi====
] is a provincial language spoken as a first language by 15% of Pakistanis, mostly in ]. It has a rich literature and is used in schools. It is an ] (]) language, derived from ]. The ] ruled ] for more than 150 years after ] conquered it in 712&nbsp;AD, remaining there for three years to set up Arab rule. Consequently, the social fabric of Sindh contains elements of Arabic society. Sindhi is spoken by over 36 million people in Pakistan, and is the official language of Sindh province. It is widely spoken in the ] of ] (where the ] tribe speaks a dialect of Sindhi), many areas of the ] and ] districts of ], and by the Sindhi diaspora abroad. Sindhi language has six major ]s: Sireli, Vicholi, Lari, Thari, Lasi and Kachhi. It is written in the ] with several additional letters to accommodate special sounds. The largest Sindhi-speaking cities are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. ] is also spiritual in nature. ] (1689–1752) is one of its greatest poets, and wrote ] and ], folk stories, in his famous book '']''.


Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the ] school, although there are some Hanbalis and ]. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the ] branch,<ref name="Oxford"/> while a smaller number practice ]. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including ], ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ] and ] (]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fuchs |first1=Maria-Magdalena |last2=Fuchs |first2=Simon Wolfgang |date=2019-12-12 |title=Religious Minorities in Pakistan: Identities, Citizenship and Social Belonging |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=52–67 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2020.1695075 |s2cid=214107453 |issn=0085-6401|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Sindhi dialects:
* '''Sindhi Saraiki''' – spoken mainly in Upper ]
* '''Vicholi''' – in Vicholo, i.e. Central ]
* '''Lari''' – in Laru, i.e. Lower ]
* '''Lasi''' – in Lasa B’elo, a part of Kohistan in ] on the western side of ]
* '''Thari or Thareli''' – in Tharu, the desert region on the southeast border of ] and a part of the ] in Rajasthan
* '''Kachhi''' – in the ] region and in a part of Kathiawar in ], on the southern side of ]


{{Bar chart
Vicholi is considered as the standard dialect by all Sindhi speakers.
| title = Religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2023:
| label_type = Religion | data_type = Population
|label1= ] |data1= 231,686,709
|label2= ] |data2= 5,217,216
|label3= ] |data3= 3,300,788
|label5= ] |data5= 162,684
|data6=90,692|label6=Others}}


=== Recent changes and detailed demographic data ===
====Saraiki====
], sometimes spelled Seraiki and Siraiki, is spoken as a first language by about 20 million people, mostly in the southern districts of ]: Multan, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Layyah, Dera Ghazi Khan, Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan. It is also spoken by the majority of the population of ] in ] province, Kachi plain of Balochistan, northern parts of Sindh, and cities of Hyderabad and Karachi.


] released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021.<ref name="pbk2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1624375/pakistans-population-is-20768m-shows-2017-census-result|title=Pakistan's population is 207.68m, shows 2017 census result|date=19 May 2021 }}</ref> 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.174% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others.
====Balochi====
] is a provincial language spoken as first language by about 3.5% of Pakistanis, mostly in ]. ] and southern ]. The name ''Balochi'' or ''Baluchi'' is not found before the 10th century. It is believed that the language was brought to its present location in a series of migrations ], ]. ] is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. ], is a sub dialect of Rakshani. Other sub – dialects are ], ], and ]. The Eastern Hill Balochi or Northern Balochi are distinct dialects.The Kethran language in North East Balochistan is also a variant of Balochi. It is one of the 9 distinguished languages of Pakistan. Since ] is a poetic and rich language and have a certain degree of affinity to ], Balochi poets tend to be very good poets in Urdu as well as Ata Shaad, ] and ] are excellent examples of this.


The 2017 census showed marginal increase in the share of ].The census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called ].
====Brahui====
] ({{lang-ur| براہوی '}}) is a regional language of uncertain origin despite the fact that the bulk of the language shares lexical similarities to ] as well as ]. In colonial times, many British linguists tried to make the claim of a possible ] origin but this has not been conclusively proven despite ongoing research in the language for a century now.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">Vogelsang, Wilhelm ''The Afghans'' Wiley-Blackwell 2002 {{ISBN|978-0-631-19841-3}} pp.61–62 </ref> spoken in southern Pakistan, may have evolved from the original languages of ] at ]. However it is heavily influenced by Balochi and ]. It is spoken in central and east central ]. The ]s are a famous Brahvi tribe. Around 1–1.5% of Pakistani population has Brahui as their first language. It is one of the nine distinguished languages of ].


On the other hand, ] in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Christians are concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, ] (over 5% Christian), ] (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab.
The ] population of ] has been taken by some as the linguistic equivalent of a ] population, perhaps indicating that ] were formerly much more widespread and were supplanted by the incoming ].<ref name="Mallory 1989">{{Harv|Mallory|1989}}</ref> However it has now been demonstrated that the Brahui could only have migrated to Balochistan from ] after 1000 CE. The absence of any ], an older Iranian language, loanwords in Brahui supports this hypothesis. The main Iranian contributor to Brahui vocabulary, ], is a western ] like ], and moved to the area from the west only around 1000 CE.<ref name="H. Elfenbein 1987 pp. 215-233">J. H. Elfenbein, A periplous of the ‘Brahui problem’, ''Studia Iranica'' vol. 16 (1987), pp. 215–233.</ref>


The ] movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in ], ], where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya.
====Hazaragi====
{{multiple image |align=center |total_width=960 | caption_align = center
], spoken by the ] in Pakistan, is similar to ]. It is spoken in parts of the ] district of ], ], and in parts of ]. There are estimated to be 900,000 to 1,000,000 Hazaragi-speakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/|title=Who are the Hazara?|accessdate=1 September 2016|publisher=Tribune|date=5 October 2011}}</ref>


|header_align=left
====Hindko====
|header=Here are some maps of ]'s religious minority groups as of the 2017 census by district:
], spoken by the ] in Pakistan, is similar to the northern dialects of Punjabi. It is spoken in areas of ] (including ]), Peshawar city, ] and ], by an estimated 2 million people<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan’s regional languages face extinction|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/pakistan-s-regional-languages-face-extinction-1.40949|accessdate=3 January 2018|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=The National|date=7 January 2017}}</ref>. It shows close affinity to Punjabi and the Lahnda sub-group of Indo-Aryan tongues and can be sub-divided into a northern and southern dialects.


|image1=Hindu Proportion by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
====Kashmiri====
|caption1=Hindu Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the ]
] (کشمیری) is a ] spoken in ], ] and ] provinces of ]. There are over 100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/languages|title=Pakistan|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> Kashmiri speakers in Pakistan.
|image3=Christian Proportion by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
|caption3=Christian Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the ]
|image2=Qadiani Proportion by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
|caption2=Ahmadiyya Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the ]


|footer_align=left
====Other Pakistani languages====
|footer=Virtually all people not belonging to one of these minority groups were Sunni or Shia Muslim, with the most religiously homogeneous areas found in ].
Numerous other languages are spoken by relatively small numbers of people, especially in some of the more remote and isolated places in, for example, the ].<ref name=ethnologue1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Pakistan|title=Ethnologue report for Pakistan: Languages of Pakistan|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref> Other ] spoken in Pakistan include ], ], Balti, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Non-] include ] and ], a language isolate.

There are some languages that are spoken by less than a thousand people, such as ].

===Classification===

====Indo-European====
Most of Pakistan's languages are ] and within the smaller ] sub-branch.

=====Indo-Aryan languages=====
Around 80% of Pakistan's population speak one or more of the various ]. Usually concentrated in the heavily populated areas east of the ], the Indo-Aryan languages and their cultures form the predominant cultural group in the country. They derive their roots from the ] language of Aryan invadors and are later heavily influenced by the languages of the later Muslim arrivals (i.e., Turkish, Persian, and Arabic), and are all written in a variant of either the ] or ] script. Urdu, the country's national language, is an Indo-Aryan tongue. ], ] and ], all ], are classified by linguists as dialects of an Indo-Aryan speech called ],<ref name=ethnologue2>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90930|title=Browse by Language Family|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> also spelled as Lehnda. These are also, to a lesser extent, mutually intelligible with Urdu. Added together, speakers of these mutually-intelligible languages make up nearly two-thirds of Pakistan's population. ] is the common language of the people of ] in southern Pakistan and has a rich literary history of its own, traced back to the era of the early Arab arrivals. The Dardic languages of ], ] and the northwestern mountains are sometimes classified by many linguists as belonging to the Indo-Aryan family. Other Indo-Aryan languages include ], ], ] and others.

=====Dardic languages=====
The ] are spoken in the northern Pakistan. They include ] (spoken in ], ] and ]), ] (spoken in ], ], ] and the balti language (spoken in including district and district. Majority of population living in the valley of ], ] and ] speak Mishaski. ] of upper ]), ] (spoken by ] tribe), ] (spoken in upper ] and ]) and ] mostly by Immigrants from Kashmir valley and by a few in the ].

Kashmiri spoken in north east ] and the adjacent Kashmir valley, (not to be confused with ] spoken in the lower ]) is one of the Dardic languages that has a literary tradition that goes well back into the history whereas other Dardic languages spoken in northern Pakistan, do not have written literature. It is believed to be the result of the northern areas of Pakistan having remained isolated in the mountain valleys from the others for centuries.

=====Iranian=====
], ] and ] are ] spoken in ], ] and the ] region of Pakistan. Balochi spoken in Balochistan is classified as a members of the Northwestern Iranian languages.<ref name=ethnologue3>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90019|title=Browse by Language Family|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> If combined, ] who speak Pashto, Balochi, Yidgha and Wakhi comprise about 18% of the population of Pakistan, and are concentrated in the northwest and west of Pakistan.

====Brahui====
] may or may not be a ] and many origins have been hypothesized for it including ] and ].<ref name="books.google.co.uk" /> spoken in southern Pakistan, primarily in ] in Balochistan. The ] population of ] has been taken by some as the linguistic equivalent of a ] population, perhaps indicating that ] were formerly much more widespread and were supplanted by the incoming ].<ref name="Mallory 1989"/> However it has now been demonstrated that the Brahui could only have migrated to Balochistan from ] after 1000 CE. The absence of any ], an older Iranian language, loanwords in Brahui supports this hypothesis. The main Iranian contributor to Brahui vocabulary, ], is a western ] like ], and moved to the area from the west only around 1000 CE.<ref name="H. Elfenbein 1987 pp. 215-233"/>

====Burushaski====

] is a language isolate, spoken by ] in ], ], ], and parts of the ] valleys in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan.

==Religion==
{{Main|Religion in Pakistan}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Pakistan (2010)<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|label1 = ]
|value1 = 96.4
|color1 = green
|label2 = Other (includes ] and ])
|value2 = 3.6
|color2 = red
}} }}
According to the ] ], ], ], over 97% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 3% is Christian, ] and others.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |title=Pakistan, Islam in |accessdate=29 August 2010 |work=] |quote=''Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 10 and 15 percent are Shias, mostly Twelvers.'' |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |title=Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5% |accessdate=24 August 2010 |work=] |publisher=] on Pakistan|year=2010}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf |title=Country Profile: Pakistan |date=February 2005 |work=] on Pakistan |quote=''Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (97 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 85 percent are Sunni and 15 percent Shi'a.'' |publisher=] |accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref> Majority of the Muslims practice ] with a significant minority of ].


==Pakistanis around the world==
Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the ] school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahlul Hadeeth. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the ] branch,<ref name="Oxford"/> while a smaller number practice ]. The ]s make up approximately 2.2% of the Muslim population. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ], ]s and ] (]).{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
{{main|Overseas Pakistanis}}
{| class="wikitable"
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||align="right"| 4,000,000</tr>


| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||align="right"| 1,600,000 </tr>
The religious breakdown of the Pakistani population is as follows:{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
* ]: 181,723,000
* ]: 2,700,000 (approx. 1.8%)
* ]: 1,800,000 (approx. 1.6%<ref name="LoC"/>)
* ]: 4,000,000 (approx 2.2%)
* ]: 106,989<ref name="The ARDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_38.asp|title=Most Buddhist Nations (2010) – QuickLists – The Association of Religion Data Archives|publisher=}}</ref>
* ]: 30,000
* ]/]:
* ]:
* ]s, ], ]s: n/a

==Pakistanis around the world==
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0"
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||align="right"| 1,500,000</tr>
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||align="right"| 1,200,000 </tr>
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}||align="right"| 1,200,000</tr> | {{flag|United Kingdom}}||align="right"| 1,200,000</tr>
| {{flag|United States}}||align="right"| 600,410<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/|title=American FactFinder|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|publisher=}}</ref></tr> | {{flag|United States}}||align="right"| 687,942<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-asian-population.html|title=U.S. Census website|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref></tr>
| {{flag|Canada}}||align="right"| 215,000<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables – Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|first=Government of Canada, Statistics|last=Canada|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|date=25 October 2017 }}</ref></tr>
| {{flag|Canada}}||align="right"| 350,000</tr>
| {{flag|Kuwait}}||align="right"| 100,000</tr> | {{flag|Kuwait}}||align="right"| 190,000</tr>
| {{flag|South Africa}}||align="right"| 180,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psaa.org.za|title=About PSAA |access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921093651/http://psaa.org.za/ |archive-date=21 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref></tr>
| {{flag|Oman}}||align="right"| 85,000</tr>
| {{flag|Australia}}||align="right"| 61,913<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/urdu/en/article/2017/06/28/most-pakistanis-and-urdu-speakers-live-australian-state|title=Most Pakistanis and Urdu speakers live in this Australian state|author=|date=|website=sbs.com.au|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref></tr> | {{flag|Oman}}||align="right"| 385,000</tr>
| {{flag|Australia}}||align="right"| 61,913<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/urdu/en/article/2017/06/28/most-pakistanis-and-urdu-speakers-live-australian-state|title=Most Pakistanis and Urdu speakers live in this Australian state|website=sbs.com.au|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref></tr>
| {{flag|Germany}}||align="right"| 52,668</tr> | {{flag|Germany}}||align="right"| 179,668</tr>
| {{flag|Qatar}}||align="right"| 52,500</tr> | {{flag|Qatar}}||align="right"| 52,500</tr>
| {{flag|France}}||align="right"| 50,000</tr> | {{flag|France}}||align="right"| 50,000</tr>
| {{flag|Norway}}||align="right"| 39,257<ref>{{Cite web|title=05183: Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, etter kjønn og landbakgrunn 1970–2021-PX-Web SSB|url=https://www.ssb.no/system/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=SSB|language=no}}</ref></tr>
| {{flag|Norway}}||align="right"| 35,000</tr>
| {{flag|Denmark}}||align="right"| 21,000</tr> | {{flag|Denmark}}||align="right"| 21,000</tr>
| {{flag|New Zealand}}||align="right"| 10,000</tr>
| {{flag|Ireland}}||align="right"| 9,501</tr> | {{flag|Ireland}}||align="right"| 9,501</tr>
| {{flag|Japan}}||align="right"| 22,118<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&year=20220&month=24101212&tclass1=000001060399 | title=在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計） 在留外国人統計 月次 2022年12月 &#124; ファイル &#124; 統計データを探す }}</ref></tr>
|} |}


==See also== ==See also==
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==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|40em}} {{reflist|40em}}

===Sources===
*{{Cite conference| last = Baart| first = Joan L. G.| date = 2003| title = Sustainable Development and the Maintenance of Pakistan's Indigenous Languages| location = Islamabad| url = https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/38917}}
*{{Cite report| last1=Lothers| first1=Michael| last2=Lothers| first2=Laura| date=April 2010| title=Pahari and Pothwari: a sociolinguistic survey| series=SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-012| url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9130}}
*{{Cite journal| first=Robert| last=Parkin| journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |pages=37–43 |title=Some comments on Brahui kinship terminology| volume=32| issue=1| date=January 1989 |doi=10.1007/BF00182435 | doi-broken-date=2 November 2024|jstor=24654607 |s2cid=161638780}}
*{{Cite journal| last = Rahman| first = Tariq| author-link = Tariq Rahman| title = The Siraiki Movement in Pakistan| journal = Language Problems & Language Planning| date = 1995| volume = 19| issue = 1| doi = 10.1075/lplp.19.1.01rah| pages = 1–25}}
*{{Cite book| last = Rahman| first = Tariq| author-link = Tariq Rahman| date = 1996| title = Language and politics in Pakistan| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-577692-8}}
*{{Cite book| last1 = Rensch| first1 = Calvin R.| editor-last1 = O'Leary| editor-first1 = Clare F.| editor-last2 = Rensch| editor-first2 = Calvin R.| editor-last3 = Hallberg| editor-first3 = Calinda E.| date = 1992| title = Hindko and Gujari| chapter = The Language Environment of Hindko-Speaking People| isbn = 969-8023-13-5| publisher = National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics| location = Islamabad| series = Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan| chapter-url = http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/38573}}
*{{Cite journal| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| date = 1977| title = Siraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan| journal = Modern Asian Studies| issn = 0026-749X| volume = 11| issue = 3| pages = 379–403| jstor = 311504| doi=10.1017/s0026749x00014190| s2cid = 144829301}}
*{{Cite journal| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| title = Problems of classification in Pakistan Punjab| journal = Transactions of the Philological Society| date = 1979| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x| issn = 0079-1636| volume = 77| issue = 1| pages = 191–210}}
*{{Cite journal| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| date = 1980| doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00137401| issn = 0041-977X| volume = 43| issue = 3| pages = 482–510| title = Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar| journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies| s2cid = 129436200}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *
* – Ministry of Information and Broadcasting * – Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
* *
Line 1,306: Line 2,666:
* *


{{Navboxes
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{{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}} {{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Pakistan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Pakistan}}
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Latest revision as of 20:04, 4 January 2025

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Pakistan. For a general overview of the citizens of Pakistan, see Pakistanis.

Demographics of Pakistan
Population pyramid of Pakistan as of July 1, 2021
Population241,492,197 (2023 census)
Density260.8/km (675/sq mi)
248.9/km (645/sq mi) (including AJK and GB)
Growth rateIncrease 1.85% (2021 est.)
Birth rate22.5 births / 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est.)
Life expectancy69.1 years (2022 est.)
 • male66.8 years (2022 est.)
 • female71.6 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate3.32 children born / woman (2024 est.)
Net migration rate−2.0 migrants / 1,000 population (2021 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years37.2% (2020)
15–64 years58.6% (2020)
65 and over4.2% (2020)
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Pakistani
Major ethnicSee Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Language
SpokenSee Languages of Pakistan

Pakistan had a population of 241,495,112 according to the final results of the 2023 Census. This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth most populous country.

Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7 million to 207.7 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.

Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.

Due to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.

The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85, and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%). Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.

Population

Main article: Census in Pakistan
Historical Population of Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad)
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 33,740,167—    
1961 42,880,378+2.43%
1972 65,309,340+3.90%
1981 84,253,644+2.87%
1998 132,352,279+2.69%
2017 207,684,626+2.40%
2023 241,492,917+2.55%
Source:

The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367 and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022, and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census
Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.

Year Population % Population
aged 0 to 14 		% Population
aged 15 to 64 		% Population
aged 65 or more
1950 37,696,264 40.5% 54.0% 5.5%
1955 40.3% 55.3% 4.4%
1960 45,954,226 40.6% 55.6% 3.7%
1965 51,841,626 42.3% 54.4% 3.4%
1970 59,290,872 43.7% 53.0% 3.3%
1975 68,126,999 43.9% 52.8% 3.4%
1980 80,624,057 43.0% 53.5% 3.4%
1985 97,121,552 43.0% 53.5% 3.5%
1990 115,414,069 43.7% 52.8% 3.5%
1995 133,117,476 44.4% 52.1% 3.5%
2000 154,369,924 42.9% 53.6% 3.5%
2005 174,372,098 41.1% 55.4% 3.5%
2010 194,454,498 39.2% 57.0% 3.7%
2015 210,969,298 38.4% 57.7% 3.9%
2020 227,196,741 37.3% 58.6% 4.2%
2025 249,948,885 35.3% 60.2% 4.5%
2030 274,029,836 33.2% 61.9% 4.9%
2035 298,432,780 31.7% 63.1% 5.2%
2040 322,595,767 29.5% 64.8% 5.7%
2045 345,818,945 28.1% 65.8% 6.2%
2050 367,808,468 26.6% 66.5% 6.9%

Structure of population

Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census. The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females, which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.

Age Group Male Female Total Sex ratio Percent
Total 123,824,681 116,613,077 240,458,089 106.12 100.0%
0 – 4 18,744,989 17,726,432 36,471,421 105.1 14.0%
5 – 9 16,566,852 15,705,284 32,272,136 108.8 14.5%
10 – 14 14,971,914 13,817,137 28,790,182 111.8 11.8%
15 – 19 12,581,753 11,569,893 24,154,118 108.0 10.3%
20 – 24 10,323,755 10,141,864 20,468,713 100.0 8.9%
25 – 29 8,946,770 9,016,962 17,967,161 98.8 7.9%
30 – 34 7,730,953 8,026,004 15,759,670 96.4 6.8%
35 – 39 7,313,967 7,047,727 14,364,278 102.2 5.8%
40 – 44 6,471,820 6,063,242 12,536,758 101.5 4.6%
45 – 49 5,095,175 4,624,839 9,721,110 104.9 3.8%
50 – 54 4,219,234 3,827,003 8,047,113 110.4 3.3%
55 – 59 3,455,455 2,933,026 6,388,995 113.8 2.4%
60 – 64 2,247,341 2,063,695 4,311,861 108.9 2.1%
65 – 69 1,557,733 1,393,718 2,952,013 111.8 1.4%
70 – 74 1,131,916 1,001,805 2,134,220 113.0 1.0%
75 or more 1,338,251 1,287,621 2,626,523 103.9 1.26%
Age Group Male Female Total Sex ratio Percent
0 – 14 43,533,720 40,182,776 83 716 496 108.3 40.3%
15 – 64 58,778,374 57,478,712 116,257,086 102.3 56.0%
65+ 4,027,900 3,683,144 7,711,044 109.4 3.7%

Population distribution

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.

By province

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.

Province or Territory 1951 1961 1972 1981 1998 2017 2023
 Punjab 20,540,762 25,463,974 37,607,423 47,292,441 73,691,290 109,989,655 127,688,922
 Sindh 6,047,748 8,367,065 14,155,909 19,028,666 30,439,893 47,854,510 55,696,147
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5,888,550 7,578,186 10,879,781 13,259,875 20,919,976 35,501,964 40,856,097
 Balochistan 1,167,167 1,353,484 2,428,678 4,332,376 6,565,885 12,335,129 14,894,402
 ICT — 117,669 237,549 340,286 805,235 2,003,368 2,363,863
Four Provinces and ICT 33,740,167 42,880,378 65,309,340 84,253,644 132,352,279 207,684,626 241,499,431
 Azad Kashmir 886,000 1,065,000 1,573,000 1,983,465 2,972,501 4,045,367
 Gilgit-Baltistan — — — — 884,000 1,492,924
Total Pakistan — — — — 136,208,780 213,222,917

Urbanization

The following table shows how Pakistan has urbanised. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.

Province or Territory 1951 1961 1972 1981 1998 2017 2023
 Punjab 17.3% 21.5% 24.4% 27.6% 31.3% 36.9% 40.7%
 Sindh 29.2% 37.9% 40.4% 43.3% 48.8% 51.9% 54.0%
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 8.6% 10.3% 11.1% 12.6% 14.3% 16.5% 15.0%
 Balochistan 12.4% 16.9% 16.5% 15.6% 23.9% 27.6% 30.1%
 ICT 0.0% 0.0% 32.3% 60.1% 65.7% 50.4% 46.9%
Four Provinces and ICT 17.7% 22.5% 25.4% 28.3% 32.5% 36.4% 38.9%
 Azad Kashmir — — — 8.1% 12.5% 17.4%
 Gilgit-Baltistan — — — — 16.8% 16.5%

Largest cities

Main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 18.9 million and 13 million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.

City Name Province or Territory 2023 Population Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023) 2017 Population Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017) 1998 Population
Karachi  Sindh 18,868,021 Increase4.05% 14,884,402 Increase 2.48% 9,339,023
Lahore  Punjab 13,004,135 Increase2.65% 11,119,985 Increase 4.06% 5,209,088
Faisalabad  Punjab 3,691,999 Increase2.37% 3,210,158 Increase 2.49% 2,008,861
Rawalpindi  Punjab 3,357,612 Increase8.18% 2,097,824 Increase 2.11% 1,409,768
Gujranwala  Punjab 2,668,047 Increase3.55% 2,028,421 Increase 3.11% 1,132,509
Multan  Punjab 2,215,381 Increase2.85% 1,872,641 Increase 2.38% 1,197,384
Hyderabad  Sindh 1,921,275 Increase1.53% 1,733,622 Increase 2.10% 1,166,894
Peshawar  KPK 1,905,975 Decrease-0.55% 1,969,823 Increase 3.72% 982,816
Quetta  Balochistan 1,565,546 Increase7.79% 999,385 Increase 3.04% 565,137
Islamabad  ICT 1,108,872 Increase1.59% 1,009,003 Increase 3.45% 529,180
Sargodha  Punjab 975,886 Increase6.81% 658,208 Increase 1.92% 458,440
Sialkot  Punjab 911,817 Increase5.64% 656,730 Increase 2.36% 421,502
Bahawalpur  Punjab 903,795 Increase2.88% 762,774 Increase 3.34% 408,395
Jhang  Punjab 606,533 Increase6.58% 414,309 Increase 1.83% 293,366
Sheikhupura  Punjab 591,424 Increase3.80% 472,269 Increase 2.79% 280,263
Gujrat  Punjab 574,240 Increase6.65% 390,758 Increase 2.34% 251,792
Sukkur  Sindh 563,851 Increase2.02% 500,401 Increase 2.12% 335,551
Larkana  Sindh 551,716 Increase2.07% 488,006 Increase 3.15% 270,283
Sahiwal  Punjab 538,344 Increase5,59% 388,795
Okara  Punjab 533,693 Increase6.90% 358,146
Rahim Yar Khan  Punjab 519,261 Increase3.57% 420,963 Increase 3.14% 233,537
Kasur  Punjab 510,875 Increase6.11% 358,296

Vital statistics

As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered. The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.

Demographic and Health Surveys

Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.

Survey Crude birth rate Crude death rate Infant mortality rate Total fertility rate Life expectancy
Urban Rural Total Male Female
DHS 2006–07 30.7 — 78 3.30 4.49 4.08 — —
PSLM 2007–08 — — 69 3.13 4.41 3.95 — —
PSLM 2011–12 — — 63 3.26 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2012–13 — — 74 3.16 4.20 3.84 — —
PSLM 2013–14 — — 65 3.24 4.35 3.95 — —
DHS 2017–18 29 — 62 2.93 3.94 3.56 — —
PSLM 2018–19 — — 60 3.01 4.21 3.75 — —
PMMS 2019 — — — — — — 64.3 66.5
PDS 2020 27 6.7 56 3.07 4.11 3.72 64.5 65.5

Regional fertility rates

Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.

Survey Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan ICT AJK G-B Pakistan
DHS 2006–07 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 — — — 4.08
MICS Punjab 2011 3.6 — — — — — — —
DHS 2012–13 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.0 — 3.8 3.84
MICS Punjab 2014 3.5 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2014 — 4.0 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2016–17 — — 4.0 — — — — —
MICS G-B 2016–17 — — — — — — 4.6 —
DHS 2017–18 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.7 3.56
MICS Punjab 2017–18 3.7 — — — — — — —
MICS Sindh 2018–19 — 3.7 — — — — — —
MICS KPK 2019 — — 4.0 — — — — —
MICS Balochistan 2019-20 — — — 4.0 — — — —
MICS AJK 2020–21 — — — — — 3.4 — —

The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.

District Province Total fertility rate Margin of error Year of survey 2017 Population
Lahore  Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 11,119,985
Faisalabad  Punjab 3.3 ±0.2 2017–18 7,882,444
Rawalpindi  Punjab 3.2 ±0.2 2017–18 5,402,380
Gujranwala  Punjab 3.4 ±0.2 2017–18 5,011,066
Rahim Yar Khan  Punjab 4.6 ±0.4 2017–18 4,807,762
Multan  Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 4,746,166
Peshawar  KPK 4.0 ±0.5 2019 4,331,959
Muzaffargarh  Punjab 4.7 ±0.3 2017–18 4,328,549
Karachi West  Sindh 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19 3,907,065
Sialkot  Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 3,894,938
Sargodha  Punjab 3.6 ±0.3 2017–18 3,696,212
Bahawalpur  Punjab 3.9 ±0.4 2017–18 3,669,176
Sheikhupura  Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 3,460,004
Qasur  Punjab 4.3 ±0.3 2017–18 3,454,881
Okara  Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 3,040,826
Bahawalnagar  Punjab 3.7 ±0.3 2017–18 2,975,656
Karachi Central  Sindh 2.2 ±0.3 2018–19 2,971,382
Khanewal  Punjab 4.0 ±0.4 2017–18 2,920,233
Vehari  Punjab 3.8 ±0.3 2017–18 2,902,081
Karachi East  Sindh 3.2 ±0.4 2018–19 2,875,315
Dera Ghazi Khan  Punjab 5.4 ±0.5 2017–18 2,872,631
Gujrat  Punjab 3.1 ±0.2 2017–18 2,756,289
Jhang  Punjab 4.3 ±0.4 2017–18 2,742,633
Korangi  Sindh 2.5 ±0.3 2018–19 2,577,556
Sahiwal  Punjab 3.6 ±0.4 2017–18 2,513,011
Khairpur  Sindh 4.8 ±0.8 2018–19 2,405,190
Mardan  KPK 4.0 ±0.3 2019 2,373,399
Swat  KPK 4.5 ±0.5 2019 2,308,624
Quetta  Balochistan 4.7 ±0.3 2019-20 2,269,473
Hyderabad  Sindh 3.0 ±0.4 2018–19 2,199,928
Toba Tek Singh  Punjab 3.5 ±0.3 2017–18 2,191,495
Sanghar  Sindh 4.2 ±0.4 2018–19 2,049,873
Islamabad  ICT 3.0 ±0.3 2017–18 2,003,368

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Year Mid-year
population 		Annual
live births 		Annual
deaths 		Annual
natural
increase 		CBR CDR RNC Crude migration rate (per 1,000) IMR TFR Life expectancy
Male Female
1950 37,696,264 1,647,739 1,173,219 474,520 43.7 31.1 12.6 263.4 6.80 36.2 33.4
1951 38,215,785 1,686,378 1,121,858 564,520 44.1 29.4 14.8 -1.0 252.9 6.80 37.5 34.6
1952 38,816,777 1,727,288 1,089,817 637,471 44.5 28.1 16.4 -0.7 243.3 6.80 38.6 35.8
1953 39,488,228 1,768,524 1,063,098 705,426 44.8 26.9 17.9 -0.6 234.1 6.80 39.8 36.9
1954 40,224,090 1,810,574 1,044,277 766,297 45.0 26.0 19.0 -0.4 225.6 6.80 40.7 37.9
1955 41,023,128 1,853,944 1,022,153 831,791 45.2 24.9 20.3 -0.4 217.4 6.80 41.8 39.0
1956 41,884,995 1,900,510 1,008,574 891,936 45.4 24.1 21.3 -0.3 209.6 6.80 42.7 39.8
1957 42,808,511 1,948,801 993,703 955,098 45.5 23.2 22.3 -0.3 202.2 6.80 43.7 40.7
1958 43,794,993 1,999,584 981,704 1,017,880 45.6 22.4 23.2 -0.2 195.2 6.80 44.6 41.6
1959 44,843,639 2,049,555 970,149 1,079,406 45.7 21.6 24.1 -0.2 188.7 6.80 45.5 42.5
1960 45,954,226 2,102,786 961,020 1,141,766 45.7 20.9 24.8 0 182.6 6.80 46.3 43.4
1961 47,060,915 2,157,005 951,411 1,205,594 45.8 20.2 25.6 -1.5 176.7 6.80 47.2 44.2
1962 48,161,841 2,201,790 939,942 1,261,848 45.6 19.5 26.2 -2.8 171.2 6.80 48.0 45.0
1963 49,325,050 2,247,761 922,383 1,325,378 45.5 18.7 26.8 -2.6 166.0 6.80 48.8 46.3
1964 50,552,592 2,293,167 907,551 1,385,616 45.3 17.9 27.4 -2.5 161.2 6.80 49.7 47.4
1965 51,841,626 2,340,733 897,333 1,443,400 45.1 17.3 27.8 -2.3 157.5 6.80 50.3 48.5
1966 53,199,414 2,388,085 869,523 1,518,562 44.8 16.3 28.5 -2.3 153.2 6.80 51.6 50.0
1967 54,629,793 2,438,389 854,112 1,584,277 44.6 15.6 29.0 -2.1 149.9 6.80 52.6 51.2
1968 56,124,743 2,483,692 840,624 1,643,068 44.2 15.0 29.2 -1.8 147.0 6.80 53.5 52.3
1969 57,676,805 2,524,648 831,202 1,693,446 43.7 14.4 29.3 -1.6 144.5 6.80 54.2 53.3
1970 59,290,872 2,584,996 818,806 1,766,190 43.5 13.8 29.8 -1.8 142.1 6.80 55.0 54.6
1971 60,878,781 2,648,206 985,142 1,663,064 43.4 16.2 27.3 -0.5 145.5 6.80 49.0 52.2
1972 62,509,565 2,712,779 838,978 1,873,801 43.3 13.4 29.9 -3.1 137.9 6.81 55.4 55.1
1973 64,285,624 2,785,335 852,459 1,932,876 43.3 13.2 30.0 -1.6 136.0 6.81 55.5 55.5
1974 66,149,169 2,853,960 874,080 1,979,880 43.1 13.2 29.9 -0.9 134.3 6.81 55.4 55.6
1975 68,126,999 2,931,237 882,423 2,048,814 43.0 13.0 30.1 -0.2 132.5 6.81 55.8 56.2
1976 70,230,923 3,015,342 900,018 2,115,324 42.9 12.8 30.1 0.8 131.0 6.81 55.9 56.5
1977 72,451,105 3,116,181 922,294 2,193,887 43.0 12.7 30.3 1.3 129.6 6.80 55.8 56.9
1978 74,789,330 3,223,019 934,553 2,288,466 43.1 12.5 30.6 1.7 128.1 6.78 56.3 57.4
1979 77,407,341 3,337,688 950,235 2,387,453 43.2 12.3 30.9 4.1 126.6 6.76 56.5 58.1
1980 80,624,057 3,487,787 970,044 2,517,743 43.5 12.1 31.4 10.2 125.1 6.73 56.8 58.6
1981 84,270,202 3,700,274 1,001,060 2,699,214 44.2 11.9 32.2 13.0 123.6 6.70 57.1 59.3
1982 87,828,198 3,903,191 1,035,663 2,867,528 44.6 11.8 32.7 9.5 122.1 6.67 57.4 59.8
1983 91,080,372 4,067,866 1,057,064 3,010,802 44.7 11.6 33.1 3.9 120.5 6.64 57.7 60.5
1984 94,003,867 4,188,905 1,075,240 3,113,665 44.5 11.4 33.1 -1.0 118.8 6.62 58.0 61.0
1985 97,121,552 4,291,612 1,100,992 3,190,620 44.2 11.4 32.9 0.3 117.0 6.59 58.5 60.4
1986 100,618,523 4,453,073 1,131,849 3,321,224 44.3 11.3 33.0 3.0 115.2 6.55 58.8 60.3
1987 104,251,093 4,602,418 1,185,062 3,417,356 44.2 11.4 32.8 3.3 113.3 6.52 58.5 59.8
1988 107,967,838 4,749,506 1,208,574 3,540,932 44.0 11.2 32.8 2.9 111.5 6.48 58.5 60.4
1989 111,670,386 4,877,528 1,229,672 3,647,856 43.7 11.0 32.7 1.6 109.6 6.43 58.7 60.7
1990 115,414,069 4,979,805 1,238,482 3,741,323 43.1 10.7 32.4 1.1 107.8 6.36 59.0 61.4
1991 119,203,569 5,070,548 1,256,930 3,813,618 42.5 10.5 32.0 0.8 105.9 6.29 59.4 61.3
1992 122,375,179 5,146,942 1,290,628 3,856,314 41.8 10.5 31.3 -4.7 103.9 6.21 59.6 60.7
1993 125,546,615 5,116,844 1,309,418 3,807,426 40.8 10.4 30.3 -4.4 101.7 6.11 59.6 60.4
1994 129,245,139 5,188,381 1,321,834 3,866,547 40.1 10.2 29.9 -0.4 99.5 6.01 59.7 60.6
1995 133,117,476 5,214,150 1,355,586 3,858,564 39.2 10.2 29.0 1.0 97.2 5.89 59.5 60.4
1996 137,234,810 5,283,367 1,351,457 3,931,910 38.5 9.9 28.7 2.2 94.7 5.77 59.9 61.1
1997 141,330,267 5,323,160 1,363,688 3,959,472 37.7 9.7 28.0 1.8 92.3 5.64 59.9 61.5
1998 145,476,106 5,391,873 1,360,060 4,031,813 37.1 9.4 27.7 1.6 89.9 5.51 60.2 62.1
1999 149,694,462 5,457,820 1,350,165 4,107,655 36.5 9.0 27.5 1.5 87.5 5.39 60.8 62.8
2000 154,369,924 5,503,880 1,349,760 4,154,120 35.8 8.8 27.0 4.2 85.3 5.26 61.2 63.1
2001 159,217,727 5,621,718 1,365,265 4,256,453 35.3 8.6 26.8 4.6 83.3 5.12 61.4 63.6
2002 163,262,807 5,707,878 1,383,913 4,323,965 34.9 8.5 26.4 -1.0 81.5 5.01 61.7 63.7
2003 166,876,680 5,705,869 1,389,323 4,316,546 34.1 8.3 25.8 -3.7 79.8 4.88 61.9 64.0
2004 170,648,620 5,728,041 1,397,637 4,330,404 33.5 8.2 25.3 -2.7 78.4 4.75 61.9 64.4
2005 174,372,098 5,741,665 1,467,794 4,273,871 32.9 8.4 24.5 -2.7 77.9 4.64 61.2 64.0
2006 178,069,984 5,780,328 1,397,071 4,383,257 32.4 7.8 24.6 -3.4 75.7 4.53 62.1 65.7
2007 181,924,521 5,939,254 1,421,100 4,518,154 32.6 7.8 24.8 -3.2 74.5 4.51 61.9 66.1
2008 185,931,955 6,026,112 1,440,035 4,586,077 32.4 7.7 24.6 -2.6 73.1 4.43 61.9 66.5
2009 190,123,222 6,126,953 1,466,094 4,660,859 32.2 7.7 24.5 -2.0 71.8 4.36 62.1 66.5
2010 194,454,498 6,251,649 1,479,575 4,772,074 32.1 7.6 24.5 -1.7 70.5 4.30 62.3 66.9
2011 198,602,738 6,344,791 1,497,860 4,846,931 31.9 7.5 24.3 -3.0 68.8 4.23 62.5 67.1
2012 202,205,861 6,416,601 1,518,663 4,897,938 31.6 7.5 24.1 -6.0 67.1 4.17 62.7 67.2
2013 205,337,562 6,432,644 1,512,911 4,919,733 31.2 7.3 23.8 -8.3 65.5 4.11 63.0 67.6
2014 208,251,628 6,374,716 1,522,217 4,852,499 30.5 7.3 23.2 -9.0 63.8 4.01 63.1 67.7
2015 210,969,298 6,297,466 1,504,820 4,792,646 29.7 7.1 22.6 -9.6 62.1 3.90 63.5 68.2
2016 213,524,840 6,291,208 1,510,500 4,780,708 29.3 7.0 22.3 -10.2 60.4 3.83 63.7 68.3
2017 216,379,655 6,289,965 1,496,276 4,793,689 29.0 6.9 22.1 -8.7 58.8 3.76 64.0 68.8
2018 219,731,479 6,302,081 1,508,129 4,793,952 28.6 6.8 21.8 -6.3 57.1 3.69 64.2 69.0
2019 223,293,280 6,330,933 1,514,600 4,816,333 28.3 6.8 21.5 -5.3 55.5 3.62 64.6 69.1
2020 227,196,741 6,362,705 1,606,293 4,756,412 28.0 7.1 20.9 -3.4 53.9 3.56 63.9 68.8
2021 231,402,117 6,374,741 1,660,400 4,714,341 27.5 7.2 20.4 -1.9 52.3 3.47 63.8 68.6
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921
Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender

Human development

Human Development Index

Further information: List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index

Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560.

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:

Rank Region HDI (2018)
Medium human development
1 Islamabad Capital Territory 0.875 Decrease
2 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 0.611 Decrease
3 Gilgit-Baltistan 0.593 Increase
4 Punjab 0.567 Increase
–  Pakistan (average) 0.561 Increase
Low human development
5 Sindh 0.533 Decrease
6 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 0.529 Decrease
7 Balochistan 0.477 Increase
8 FATA 0.466 Decrease

Literacy

Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below.

Total population 62.85%
Urban 77.09%
Rural 55.56%

Educational institutions by kind

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

Main article: Ethnic groups in Pakistan

Ethnic groups in Pakistan (World Factbook)

  Punjabis (44.7%)  Pashtuns (18.24%)  Sindhis (14.1%)  Saraikis (8.4%)  Muhajirs (7.6%)  Baloch (3.6%)  Others (6.3%)

The major ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochs, Hindkowans/Hazarewals, Brahuis, Meos, and Kohistanis with significant numbers of Shina, Baltis, Kashmiris, Paharis, Chitralis, Torwalis, Hazaras, Burusho, Wakhis, Kalash, Siddis and other various minorities.

Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4 million citizens of Afghanistan who are temporarily residing in Pakistan. Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others.

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

Main article: Immigration to Pakistan

After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of refugees from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018. There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.

Year Population Foreign born Percentage foreign born
1960 46,259,000 6,350,296 13.73%
1970 59,565,000 5,105,556 8.57%
1980 79,297,000 5,012,524 6.32%
1990 111,698,000 6,555,782 5.87%
2000 142,648,000 4,242,689 2.97%
2005 157,935,000 3,254,112 2.06%
Source: Mostly those born before 1947

Languages

Main article: Languages of Pakistan

Languages of Pakistan (2023 census)

  Punjabi (36.98%)  Pashto (18.15%)  Sindhi (14.31%)  Saraiki (12.00%)  Urdu (9.25%)  Balochi (3.38%)  Hindko (2.32%)  Brahui (1.16%)  Mewati (0.46%)  Kohistani (0.43%)  Kashmiri (0.11%)  Shina (0.05%)  Balti (0.02%)  Kalasha (0.003%)  Others (1.38%)

Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages. The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.

Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups. Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Brahui, Mewati and Kohistani.

Ethnologue lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Pakistan <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;

Religion in Pakistan (2023 census)

  Islam (96.35%)  Hinduism (2.17%)  Christianity (1.37%)  Qaidani/Ahmadi (0.07%)  Others (0.04%)

According to the World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oxford University, over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others. Majority of the Muslims practice Sunni with a significant minority of Shi'as.

Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahl-e-Hadees. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā'Ashariyyah branch, while a smaller number practice Ismailism. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Baháʼís and Zoroastrians (Parsis),

Religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2023:
Religion Population
Muslims 231,686,709
Hindus 5,217,216
Christians 3,300,788
Ahmadiyya 162,684
Others 90,692

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021. 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.174% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others.

The 2017 census showed marginal increase in the share of Hindus.The census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called Umerkot District.

On the other hand, Christianity in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Christians are concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, Lahore District (over 5% Christian), Islamabad Capital Territory (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab.

The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya.

Here are some maps of Pakistan's religious minority groups as of the 2017 census by district:Hindu Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan CensusAhmadiyya Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan CensusChristian Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan CensusVirtually all people not belonging to one of these minority groups were Sunni or Shia Muslim, with the most religiously homogeneous areas found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Pakistanis around the world

Main article: Overseas Pakistanis
 Saudi Arabia 4,000,000
 United Arab Emirates 1,600,000
 United Kingdom 1,200,000
 United States 687,942
 Canada 215,000
 Kuwait 190,000
 South Africa 180,000
 Oman 385,000
 Australia 61,913
 Germany 179,668
 Qatar 52,500
 France 50,000
 Norway 39,257
 Denmark 21,000
 New Zealand 10,000
 Ireland 9,501
 Japan 22,118

See also

Notes

  1. Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each.

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