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			{{short description\|Indian independence leader (1886–1945)}}
	'''Rashbehari Bose''' (1885-1945) was a revolutionary leader against the ] in ] and was one of the organisers of the ].
			{{Distinguish\|Rash Behari Ghosh}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
			{{Infobox person
			\| name = Rash Behari Bose
			\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>
			\| birth_place = Village-Subaldaha,
			], ], ]<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref><br />{{small\|(present-day Village Subaldaha, Block-Raina 2, District-Purba Bardhaman ], India)}}
			\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}
			\| death_place = ], ]
			\| image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg
			\| caption = Bose before 1945
			\| movement = ], ], ]
			\| spouse = Toshiko Bose <small>(1916–1924; her death)</small><ref name=r1/>
			\| children = 2<ref name=r1/>
			\| nationality = Indian
			\| citizenship = ] (1886–1915)<br /> ] (1915–1923)<br /> ] (1923–1945; his death)
			\| organisation = {{unbulletedlist\|]\|]\| ]}}
			\| relatives = ] (father-in-law)<br />] (mother-in-law)
			}}

			{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	]
			'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{IPAc-en\|r\|ɑː\|ʃ\|_\|b\|i\|h\|ɑː\|r\|i\|_\|ˈ\|b\|oʊ\|s\|audio=Rasbihar Bose.ogg}}; 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader and freedom fighter who fought against the ]. He was one of the key organisers of the ] and founded the ]. Bose also led the Indian National Army (INA) which was formed in 1942 under ].<ref>{{Cite web\|author=Emiko Jozuka \|title=The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule from 3,700 miles away \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/09/asia/japan-indian-freedom-fighter-hnk-intl/index.html \|access-date=2022-03-15\|website=CNN\|date=10 May 2020 }}</ref>

			He was behind the ] to assassinate the ], ], in 1912.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=McQuade \|first=Joseph \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xp3fEAAAQBAJ \|title=Fugitive of Empire: Rash Behari Bose, Japan and the Indian Independence Struggle \|date=2024 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-776828-0 \|language=en}}</ref> After the failed assassination attempt, Bose fled to ].<ref name=":0" /> He sided with Imperial Japan against Britain in World War II.<ref name=":0" />

			==Birth and ancestry==
			Rash Behari Bose was born in Subaldaha village of ], now in West Bengal, India, on 25 May 1886.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mukherjee \|first=Uma \|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166 \|title=Two Great Indian Revolutionaries \|date=1966 \|pages=97}}</ref> Bose grew up during the ]. It fuelled his dislike for British rule.<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose and mother was Bhubaneswari Devi. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.{{citation needed\|date=July 2023}}

	==Early life==		== Early life ==
			Bose and his sister, Sushila, spent their childhood in Subaldaha. They lived with their father and also in the house of Bidhu Mukhi, the widowed sister-in-law of their grandfather, Kalicharan Bose. His early education was completed under the supervision of Kalicharan in the village 'pathsala' (traditional Hindu village school) which is presently Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}
	Bose was born in the Subaldaha village of Burdwan, in the province of ]. He had his education in Chandannagar, where his father, Vinodebehari Bose, was stationed.

			Bose was drawn towards the revolutionary movement on hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers and was known for his stubborn attitude. His nickname was Rasu. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old.{{citation needed\|date=July 2023}}

			His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. During this time, Bose had to move to his maternal house in Chandernagar.{{citation needed\|date=July 2023}} There Bose studied at Dupleix College with his cousin and friend ]. The principal, Charu Chandra Roy, inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later, he joined Morton School in Calcutta. He subsequently earned degrees in medical sciences and engineering.{{citation needed\|date=July 2023}}

	==Revolutionary activities==		==Revolutionary activities==
			{{Main\|Delhi conspiracy case\|Gadar Conspiracy}}
	He was involved in revolutionary activities early in his life and was implicated in the ] (1908). After being released from jail, he went to ] and worked there as a head clerk at the Forest Research Institute. At Dehradun, he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of ], the United Provinces and the ]. His involvement in many revolutionary activities aroused the suspicion of the government and ultimately he was obliged to leave the country. He was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in the failed bomb throwing attempt directed at the ] and ] Lord ] in ] (the bomb was actually thrown by ], his disciple). But he managed to escape British intelligence and reached ] in ].
			Bose left Bengal to avoid the ] trials of 1908.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}} At ], he worked as a head clerk at the ]. There, through ] of the ], he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of Bengal and he came across revolutionaries of the ] in the United Provinces (currently ]) and the ].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=}}</ref>
			]
			Following the ], which attempted the assassination of ] on 23 December 1912, Bose was forced to go into hiding. He was hunted by the colonial police due to his participation in the failed assassination attempt, Hardinge being at that time the ] and ].{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}} He returned to Dehradun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. He organised a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}{{clarify\|reason=if he was forced into hiding & hunted, as we say, why was he travelling by train, going to the office & organising a protest within 24 hours?\|date=October 2023}}

			During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, Bose came in contact with ] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Bose's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=}}</ref> Thus, during World War (WW1) he became one of the leading figures of the ], an attempt to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the Gadar leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Bose managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}

	==Indian National Army==		==Indian National Army==
			Bose had reached Japan under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of ], an Indian poet.<ref name=r1>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/rabibashoriyo/remembering-rash-behari-bose-and-his-wife-toshiko-bose-in-their-marriage-anniversary-1.828592\|title=বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু\|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়\|first=পারিজাত\|work=Anandabazar Patrika\|language=bn\|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> There, Bose found shelter with various ] groups. From 1915 to 1918, he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of ] and ], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918, and became a Japanese citizen in 1923, living as a journalist and writer. It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}
	Bose was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian nationalists and ultimately to support actively the Indian freedom struggle abroad. Bose convened a conference in ] on March 28-30, ], which decided to establish the '''Indian Independence League'''. At the conference he moved a motion to raise an army for Indian liberation. He convened the second conference of the League at ] on June 22, 1942. It was at this conference that a resolution was adopted to invite ] to join the League and take its command as its president.

			Bose, along with ], was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian revolutionaries, whom Japan ultimately to officially supported. He convened a conference in ] on 28–30 March 1942, which decided to establish the ]. There he also moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the ] of the League at ] on 22 June 1942, at which a resolution was adopted to invite ] to join the League and take command as its president.{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}
	The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the ] and ] fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the ] (INA), the military wing of Bose's Indian National League. But his rise to actual power and glory was unfortunately terminated by an action of the Japanese military command, which expelled him and his general Mohan Singh from the INA leadership. But though he fell from grace, his organisational structure remained, and it was on the organisational spadework of Rashbehari Bose that Subhash Chandra Bose later built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Before his death, the Japanese Government honoured him with the 'Second Order of the Merit of the Rising Sun'.

			The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the ] and ] fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the ] (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Rash Behari Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the ] movement and handed over the flag and the power to Subhas Chandra Bose but his organizational structure remained which was built on the organizational spadework of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari Bose built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Prior to his death caused by tuberculosis, the Japanese Government honoured him with the ] (2nd grade).{{citation needed\|date=October 2023}}

			== Personal life ==
			Bose met Toshiko Soma when he was hiding at her house in ]. She was the daughter of ] and ], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery (]) in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918. At that time, Bose was a fugitive with the British searching for him. Their initial contact was during those intense moments of hiding though without any interactions. In 1916, when Bose was a fugitive no more, he invited the Soma family to his house as a gesture of gratitude. That was the first instance of their interaction in a social context.<ref name=r1/>

			However, Bose stuck out like a sore thumb in Japan. People would consider them with suspicion. ], as a solution proposed to the Soma's a marriage between Toshiko and Rashbehari. He thought that marriage with a Japanese citizen would make it easy for Bose to apply for citizenship. Despite their initial reservations, the Somas agreed to the match. When asked, Toshiko took three weeks to give her consent.<ref name=r1/>

			They had a happy marriage lasting eight years. Bose taught Toshiko Bengali and how to wear a sari. Bose got Japanese citizenship in 1923. Toshiko's health declined soon after and it claimed her life in 1924. After her death, he never remarried. They were buried together after Bose's death.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Nathan\|first=Richard\|date=12 March 2021\|title=Changing Nations: The Japanese Girl With a Book\|url=https://www.redcircleauthors.com/news-and-views/changing-nations-the-japanese-girl-with-a-book/\|website=Red Circle Authors}}</ref>

			They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/>

			<gallery mode="packed" widths="240px" heights="240px">
			Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg\|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including ], a right-wing nationalist and ] leader (centre, behind the table), and ], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.
			Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg\|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916
			Rash Behari Bose and his wife Toshiko.jpg\|Bose with wife c. 1918
			</gallery>

			== Legacy ==
			In 1943, the Japanese government honoured Bose with the highest title available to a foreigner, the ], 2nd class.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose\|access-date=13 October 2020\|archive-date=23 January 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123113559/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			]
			On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/\|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose\|date=23 January 2015\|publisher=istampgallery\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web\|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)\|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp\|publisher=Indian Post\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>
			In the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, a street has been named Rash Behari Avenue in his honour.

			=== In popular culture ===
			In the 2019 Indian ] television series titled '']'' which depicts the life of ], Fahim Mirza played the role of Rash Behari Bose.

	==See also==		==See also==
			*]
	*]
			*]
	*]

	*]
			==References==
	*]
			{{reflist}}

	==~~External~~ ~~link~~==		==Further reading==
			{{Refbegin\|30em}}
	*
			* {{cite book\|last=Kawabe\|first=Lexi\|year=2019\|title=Rash Behari Bose: The Father of the Indian National Army\|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B3JPY2P2\|publisher=Tenraidou\|isbn=9798814669414 }}
			{{Refend}}

			==External links==
	{{IndiaFreedom}}
			{{commons category-inline}}
			*
			* '']''
			*
			{{Azad Hind Fauj}}
			{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
			{{Indian independence movement}}
			{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
			{{Authority control}}

	]		{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Rash Behari}}
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Latest revision as of 08:15, 13 November 2024

Indian independence leader (1886–1945) Not to be confused with Rash Behari Ghosh.

Rash Behari Bose
Bose before 1945
Born	(1886-05-25)25 May 1886 Village-Subaldaha, Burdwan, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Village Subaldaha, Block-Raina 2, District-Purba Bardhaman West Bengal, India)
Died	21 January 1945(1945-01-21) (aged 58) Tokyo, Japan
Nationality	Indian
Citizenship	British Indian (1886–1915) Stateless (1915–1923) Japan (1923–1945; his death)
Organisations	Jugantar Indian Independence League Indian National Army
Movement	Indian Independence movement, Ghadar Revolution, Indian National Army
Spouse	Toshiko Bose (1916–1924; her death)
Children	2
Relatives	Aizō Sōma (father-in-law) Kokkō Sōma (mother-in-law)

Anushilan Samiti

Influence
List Indian Nationalism (Militant nationalism) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Swami Vivekananda Sister Nivedita Aurobindo Ghosh Shakta philosophy Indian National Congress Bipin Chandra Pal 1905 Partition of Bengal Bande Mataram Jugantar M. C. Samadhyayi
Anushilan Samiti
List History Dhaka Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Aurobindo Raja Subodh Mallik Pramathanath Mitra Sarala Devi C.R. Das Surendranath Tagore Kanailal Dutta Jatindra Nath Banerjee Barin Ghosh Pulin Behari Das Bhupendranath Datta Bagha Jatin Atulkrishna Ghosh Jadugopal Mukherjee Rash Behari Bose Bhupendra Kumar Datta Hemchandra Kanungo Ullaskar Dutta Khudiram Bose Prafulla Chaki Tarak Nath Das Abhinash Bhattacharya Guran Ditt Kumar Naren Bhattacharya Bhavabhushan Mitra Bipin Behari Ganguli Sachindra Nath Sanyal Jogesh Chandra Chattopadhyay Pratul Chandra Ganguli Hindustan Republican Association Narendra Mohan Sen Niranjan Sengupta M. N. Roy Jatin Das Surya Sen Pritilata Waddedar More
Notable events
List Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy Delhi–Lahore Conspiracy Barisal Conspiracy Rodda robbery Indo-German Conspiracy Annie Larsen Christmas Day plot Kakori conspiracy Chittagong armoury raid More
Related topics
List Sir Andrew Fraser Department of Criminal Intelligence Sir Harold Stuart Sir Charles Stevenson-Moore Sir Robert Nathan John Wallinger India House Paris Indian Society Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar Madam Cama Har Dayal Ghadar Party Anarchism in Bangladesh Socialism in Bangladesh More
v t e

Rash Behari Bose (/rɑːʃ bihɑːri ˈboʊs/ ; 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader and freedom fighter who fought against the British Empire. He was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and founded the Indian Independence League. Bose also led the Indian National Army (INA) which was formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh.

He was behind the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy to assassinate the Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, in 1912. After the failed assassination attempt, Bose fled to Imperial Japan. He sided with Imperial Japan against Britain in World War II.

Birth and ancestry

Rash Behari Bose was born in Subaldaha village of Purba Bardhaman district, now in West Bengal, India, on 25 May 1886. Bose grew up during the severe pandemics and famines of the British Raj. It fuelled his dislike for British rule. His father's name was Binod Behari Bose and mother was Bhubaneswari Devi. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.

Early life

Bose and his sister, Sushila, spent their childhood in Subaldaha. They lived with their father and also in the house of Bidhu Mukhi, the widowed sister-in-law of their grandfather, Kalicharan Bose. His early education was completed under the supervision of Kalicharan in the village 'pathsala' (traditional Hindu village school) which is presently Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School.

Bose was drawn towards the revolutionary movement on hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers and was known for his stubborn attitude. His nickname was Rasu. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old.

His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. During this time, Bose had to move to his maternal house in Chandernagar. There Bose studied at Dupleix College with his cousin and friend Shrish Chandra Ghosh. The principal, Charu Chandra Roy, inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later, he joined Morton School in Calcutta. He subsequently earned degrees in medical sciences and engineering.

Revolutionary activities

Main articles: Delhi conspiracy case and Gadar Conspiracy

Bose left Bengal to avoid the Alipore bomb case trials of 1908. At Dehradun, he worked as a head clerk at the Forest Research Institute. There, through Amarendra Chatterjee of the Jugantar, he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of Bengal and he came across revolutionaries of the Arya Samaj in the United Provinces (currently Uttar Pradesh) and the Punjab.

Following the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, which attempted the assassination of Lord Hardinge on 23 December 1912, Bose was forced to go into hiding. He was hunted by the colonial police due to his participation in the failed assassination attempt, Hardinge being at that time the Governor General and Viceroy. He returned to Dehradun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. He organised a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.

During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, Bose came in contact with Jatin Mukherjee in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Bose's failing zeal. Thus, during World War (WW1) he became one of the leading figures of the Ghadar Mutiny, an attempt to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the Gadar leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Bose managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915.

Indian National Army

Bose had reached Japan under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of Rabindranath Thakur, an Indian poet. There, Bose found shelter with various Pan-Asian groups. From 1915 to 1918, he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of Aizō Sōma and Kokkō Sōma, the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918, and became a Japanese citizen in 1923, living as a journalist and writer. It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".

Bose, along with A. M. Nair, was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian revolutionaries, whom Japan ultimately to officially supported. He convened a conference in Tokyo on 28–30 March 1942, which decided to establish the Indian Independence League. There he also moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the second conference of the League at Bangkok on 22 June 1942, at which a resolution was adopted to invite Subhas Chandra Bose to join the League and take command as its president.

The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Malaya and Burma fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the Indian National Army (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Rash Behari Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the Azad Hind movement and handed over the flag and the power to Subhas Chandra Bose but his organizational structure remained which was built on the organizational spadework of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari Bose built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Prior to his death caused by tuberculosis, the Japanese Government honoured him with the Order of the Rising Sun (2nd grade).

Personal life

Bose met Toshiko Soma when he was hiding at her house in Shinjuku City. She was the daughter of Aizō Sōma and Kokkō Sōma, the owners of Nakamuraya bakery (ja:中村屋) in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918. At that time, Bose was a fugitive with the British searching for him. Their initial contact was during those intense moments of hiding though without any interactions. In 1916, when Bose was a fugitive no more, he invited the Soma family to his house as a gesture of gratitude. That was the first instance of their interaction in a social context.

However, Bose stuck out like a sore thumb in Japan. People would consider them with suspicion. Mitsuru Toyama, as a solution proposed to the Soma's a marriage between Toshiko and Rashbehari. He thought that marriage with a Japanese citizen would make it easy for Bose to apply for citizenship. Despite their initial reservations, the Somas agreed to the match. When asked, Toshiko took three weeks to give her consent.

They had a happy marriage lasting eight years. Bose taught Toshiko Bengali and how to wear a sari. Bose got Japanese citizenship in 1923. Toshiko's health declined soon after and it claimed her life in 1924. After her death, he never remarried. They were buried together after Bose's death.

They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.

A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including Mitsuru Tōyama, a right-wing nationalist and Pan-Asianism leader (centre, behind the table), and Tsuyoshi Inukai, future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.
Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916
Bose with wife c. 1918

Legacy

In 1943, the Japanese government honoured Bose with the highest title available to a foreigner, the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class.

On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose. In the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, a street has been named Rash Behari Avenue in his honour.

In popular culture

In the 2019 Indian Bengali-language television series titled Netaji which depicts the life of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Fahim Mirza played the role of Rash Behari Bose.

References

^ Bose, Bejon Behari (1959). Karmabir Rash Behari (in Bengali). Ila Bose. p. 48.
^ Sengupta, Subodhchandra; Bose, Anjali (1976). Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan. Calcutta: Sishu Sahitya Samsad. p. 486.
^ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, পারিজাত. "বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 July 2018.
Emiko Jozuka (10 May 2020). "The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule from 3,700 miles away". CNN. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^ McQuade, Joseph (2024). Fugitive of Empire: Rash Behari Bose, Japan and the Indian Independence Struggle. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-776828-0.
Mukherjee, Uma (1966). Two Great Indian Revolutionaries. p. 97.
Uma Mukherjee (1966). Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 101.
Uma Mukherjee (1966). Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 119.
Nathan, Richard (12 March 2021). "Changing Nations: The Japanese Girl With a Book". Red Circle Authors.
"Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose". Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
"A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose". istampgallery. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
"Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp". Indian Post. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

External links

Media related to Rash Behari Bose at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Indian National Army
Historical	Revolutionary conspiracy of WWI Rash Behari Har Dayal Ghadr Chatto Berlin Committee Bagha Jatin Barkatullah Kabul mission Provisional Government of India Imperial Japan Pan Asianism Greater East Asia more
Indian Independence League (IIL)	Pritam Singh Swami Satyananda Puri Indian National Council I Fujiwara F Kikan K.P.K. Menon A.M. Sahay S.A. Ayer Rash Behari Bose Bidadary Resolutions Tokyo Conference H Iwakuro I Kikan Bangkok Conference Azad Hind Hikari Kikan Azad Hind Dal more
Subhas Chandra Bose	Indian National Congress C.R. Das Sarat Bose Purna Swaraj Bengal Volunteers Emilie Schenkl Forward Bloc Indian Legion U-180 Azad Hind Habib-ur-Rahman Death controversy more
Indian National Army	Battle of Malaya Mohan Singh Fall of Singapore Farrer Park First INA First Arakan offensive Hindustan Field Force Jiffs Azad Brigade Gandhi Brigade Nehru Brigade Subhas Brigade Bahadur Group Tokyo Boys Rani of Jhansi Regiment Andaman and Nicobar Islands Mohammed Zaman Kiani Lakshmi Sahgal A.D. Loganathan J.R. Bhonsle Janaki Davar Rasammah Bhupalan Shaukat Malik John Thivy Battles Burma theatre Admin Box U-Go Battle of Imphal Battle of Kohima Battle of Irrawaddy Battle of Meiktila Surrender of Japan more
Red Fort trials	CSDIC Dhillon Sahgal Shah Nawaz Burhan-ud-Din INA Defence Committee Kailash Nath Katju Asaf Ali Tej Bahadur Sapru Bhulabhai Desai Jawaharlal Nehru Bombay mutiny more
Related topics	Azad Hind Radio Battaglione Azad Hindoustan Special Bureau for India Azad Hind Decorations Selarang Barracks incident Japanese occupation of Burma Burma Area Army Masakasu Kawabe India in World War II 14th Army William Slim Malaysian Indian Congress INA treasure Peter Fay Joyce Lebra Hugh Toye more

v t e Hindu–German Conspiracy
Background	Indian independence movement (militant) Shyamji Krishna Varma Bhikaiji Cama India House Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Alipore Bomb Case Delhi Conspiracy More
Ghadar	Hardayal Sohan Singh Pandurang Khankhoje Hindustan Ghadar Ghadar di gunj Ghadar Movement Tarak Nath Guran Ditt Baba Gurdit Singh Komagata Maru Bhagwan Singh Bhai Parmanand Ram Chandra Kartar Singh Vishnu Pingle Kanshi Ram Agnes Smedley More
Berlin Committee	Chatto Champak A. R. Pillai M. P. T. Acharya Barkatullah Bhupendranath Datta Abhinash Bhattacharya Mahendra Pratap Herambalal Gupta More
Indian figures	Bagha Jatin Rash Behari Sachin Sanyal Bhavabhushan Mitra M. N. Roy Pritam Singh Amarendranath Chatterjee Atulkrishna Ghosh Deobandi Mahmud al-Hasan Ubaidullah Sindhi Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Sufi Amba Prasad More
German figures	Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg Zimmermann Intelligence Bureau for the East Max von Oppenheim Papen von Bernstorff George Rodiek Hentig Niedermayer More
Conspiracy	Annie Larsen SS Maverick February plot Singapore mutiny Lahore Conspiracy Case trial Christmas Day Plot Silk Letter Conspiracy Kabul Mission Provisional Government of India Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial More
Counter-intelligence	W. C. Hopkinson John Wallinger Indian Political Intelligence Basil Thomson MI5(g) Vernon Kell Robert Nathan Kirpal Singh Oren Vincent Kraft William Wiseman Charles Tegart Guy Gaunt W. Somerset Maugham East Persia Cordon
Related topics	Lawrence of Arabia Defence of India Act 1915 Ingress into India Ordinance Sidney Rowlatt Rowlatt Committee Jallianwala Bagh massacre Pan-Asianism Tōyama Mitsuru

v t e Indian independence movement
History	Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo-Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo-Maratha Wars First Second Third Gwalior Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Sannyasi rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more
Philosophies and ideologies	Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj
Events and movements	Partition of Bengal (1905) Partition of Bengal (1947) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu–German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-cooperation movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie-Begar movement Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi–Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indian Legion Cripps Mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Royal Air Force strikes Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Praja Mandala movement Lucknow Pact
Organisations	All India Kisan Sabha All-India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Movement Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar movement Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more
Social reformers	Ashfaqulla Khan A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B. R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J. B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddy Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda
Independence activists	Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A. K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Shri Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M. N. Roy Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit‎ Mohammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Saheb P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon Rafi Ahmed Kidwai R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja-ud-Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud-Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi V. O. Chidamabaram V. K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more
British leaders	Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings
Independence	Cabinet Mission Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference

v t e Indian Revolutionary Movement
Organizations	Abhinav Bharat Society Anushilan Samiti Bengal Volunteers Berlin Committee Communist Consolidation Dhaka Anushilan Samiti Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association India House Jugantar (Yugantar) Naujawan Bharat Sabha Paris Indian Society Workers and Peasants Party
People	Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya Ambika Chakrabarty Ajoy Ghosh Alluri Sitarama Raju Anant Laxman Kanhere Ananta Singh Anantahari Mitra Ashfaqulla Khan Atul Krishna Ghosh Badal Gupta Bagha Jatin Baikuntha Shukla Banwari Lal Basanta Kumar Biswas Basawon Singh Batukeshwar Dutt Benoy Basu Bhagat Singh Bhagwan Singh Gyanee Bhagwati Charan Vohra Bhai Balmukund Bhai Parmanand Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bhupendranath Datta Bhavabhushan Mitra Bina Das Binod Bihari Chowdhury Bipin Behari Ganguli Chempakaraman Pillai Chandra Shekhar Azad Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri Deba Gupta Dinesh Gupta Durgawati Devi Ganesh Damodar Savarkar Ganesh Ghosh Gaya Prasad Katiyar Gulab Kaur Guran Ditt Kumar Har Dayal Hare Krishna Konar Haridas Dutta Harigopal Bal Hari Kishan Talwar Harnam Singh Saini Hemchandra Kanungo Hemu Kalani Jadugopal Mukherjee Jatindra Nath Das Jiban Ghoshal Jnanendra Das Gupta Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Kanailal Dutta Kalpana Datta Kalyani Das Krishnaji Gopal Karve Kartar Singh Sarabha Kishori Lal Khudiram Bose Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath Kushal Konwar Lokenath Bal Madan Lal Dhingra Mahavir Singh Manmath Nath Gupta Manoranjan Bhattacharya Matangini Hazra Mohit Moitra Mohan Kishore Namadas Motilal Roy M. P. T. Acharya Mukundi Lal Munsha Singh Dukhi Narendra Mohan Sen Niralamba Swami Niranjan Sengupta Nirmal Jibon Ghosh Pandit Kanshi Ram Panchanan Chakraborty Pandurang Mahadev Bapat Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje Prafulla Chaki Pramod Ranjan Choudhury Pratul Chandra Ganguli Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya Prem Krishna Khanna Pritilata Waddedar Pulin Behari Das P. V. Kurian Rajat Sen Rajendra Lahiri Ram Chandra Bharadwaj Ramakrishna Biswas Ram Prasad Bismil Ram Rakha Rash Behari Bose Roshan Singh Sachindra Bakshi Sachindra Nath Sanyal Santosh Kumar Mitra Satyendranath Bosu Satish Sardar Shiv Verma Shivaram Rajguru Shrish Chandra Ghosh Shyamji Krishna Varma Sohan Singh Bhakna Sohanlal Pathak Sri Aurobindo Srish Pal Subodh Roy Sukhdev Thapar Suniti Choudhury Surya Sen Tarak Nath Das Tarakeswar Dastidar Tarakeswar Sengupta Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath Udham Singh Ullaskar Dutta V. V. S. Aiyar Vanchinathan Veer Bhai Kotwal Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Vishnu Ganesh Pingle Vishwanath Vaishampayan Yogendra Shukla
Publications	Bande Mataram Bande Mataram (Paris) Hindustan Ghadar Jugantar Patrika
Events	Alipore Bomb case Barisal Conspiracy Case Chittagong Armoury Raid Christmas Day Plot Delhi conspiracy case Delhi Conspiracy Commission Ghadar Mutiny Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case Kakori conspiracy Lahore Conspiracy Case trial Rodda company arms heist

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