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{{chembox {{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 444471599 | verifiedrevid = 444471599
| Reference = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-07-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013165748/http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |archivedate=2007-10-13 |df= }} Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich</ref> | Reference = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |title="+pageTitle+" |access-date=2007-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013165748/http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |archive-date=2007-10-13 }} Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich</ref>
| ImageFile = ammonium sulfamate.png | ImageFile = ammonium sulfamate.png
| ImageSize = 120px | ImageSize = 120px
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| CASNo = 7773-06-0 | CASNo = 7773-06-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 945C6IU09L
| PubChem = 24482 | PubChem = 24482
| RTECS = WO6125000 | RTECS = WO6125000
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}} }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>S | Formula = {{chem2|SO3NH2}}
| MolarMass = 114.125 g/mol | MolarMass = 114.125 g/mol
| Appearance = White solid <br> ] | Appearance = White solid <br> ]
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| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes) | BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| Solubility = very soluble | Solubility = very soluble
| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ], ] <br> insoluble in ], ], ] | SolubleOther = soluble in ], ], ] <br> slightly soluble in ] <br> insoluble in ], ], ]
| pKa = 6 | pKa = 6
}} }}
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Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the ], ], ], and various railway, canal and waterways authorities. Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the ], ], ], and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.


Several years ago the ] (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials. Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed. Several years ago the ] (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials.{{fact|date=March 2021}} Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed.


The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled: The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled:
Japanese Knotweed (''] var japonica''), Japanese Knotweed ('']'', ] ''Fallopia japonica''),
Marestail / Horsetail ('']''), Marestail / Horsetail ('']''),
Ground-elder ('']''), Ground-elder ('']''),
Line 83: Line 85:
]/Ragwort, ]/Ragwort,
] (''Armillaria''), and ] (''Armillaria''), and
felled tree stumps and most other tough woody specimens. felled tree stumps and most other tough woody specimens.{{fact|date=March 2021}}


===Compost accelerator=== ===Compost accelerator===
Ammonium sulfamate is used as a compost accelerator. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap. Ammonium sulfamate is used as a composting accelerator in horticultural settings. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap.


===Flame retardant=== ===Flame retardant===
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{{Citation {{Citation
| last = Bidlack | last1 = Bidlack
| first = Verne C. | first1 = Verne C.
| author-link =
| last2 = Fasig | last2 = Fasig
| first2 = Edgar W. | first2 = Edgar W.
| author2-link =
| title = Paint and Varnish Production Manual | title = Paint and Varnish Production Manual
| place =
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons | publisher = John Wiley & Sons
| series = | orig-year = 1951
| volume =
| origyear = 1951
| year = 1951 | year = 1951
| month=
| edition =
| chapter = 10 | chapter = 10
| chapterurl =
| page = 275 | page = 275
⚫ }}</ref> These salt based flame retardants offer advantages over other metal/mineral-based flame retardants in that they are water processable. Their relatively low decomposition temperature makes them suitable for flame retarding cellulose based materials (paper/wood). Ammonium sulfamate (like ]) is sometimes used in conjunction with ] or ] (in ratios of approximately 2:1) for enhanced flame retardant properties.
| pages =
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
⚫ | jfm = }}</ref> These salt based flame retardants offer advantages over other metal/mineral-based flame retardants in that they are water processable. Their relatively low decomposition temperature makes them suitable for flame retarding cellulose based materials (paper/wood). Ammonium sulfamate (like ]) is sometimes used in conjunction with ] or ] (in ratios of approximately 2:1) for enhanced flame retardant properties.


===Other uses=== ===Other uses===
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==Safety== ==Safety==
Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be slightly ] to humans and animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ammosulf.htm|title=Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate|work=EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network|publisher=files maintained and archived at Oregon State University|date=June 1996|accessdate=Mar 21, 2010}}</ref> It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption. Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be only slightly ] to humans and other animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ammosulf.htm|title=Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate|work=EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network|publisher=files maintained and archived at Oregon State University|date=June 1996|access-date=Mar 21, 2010}}</ref> It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption.


It corrodes brass, copper, and iron. Its contact with eyes or skin can be harmful unless it is quickly washed off.<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book (1954), p.69</ref>
⚫ In the United States, the ] has set a ] at 15&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the ] recommends exposures no greater than 10&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0030.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=April 4, 2011|accessdate=November 18, 2013}}</ref> These occupational exposure limits are protective values, given the ] concentration is set at 1500&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7773060.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=May 1994|accessdate=November 18, 2013}}</ref>

⚫ In the United States, the ] has set a ] at 15&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the ] recommends exposures no greater than 10&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0030.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=April 4, 2011|access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref> These occupational exposure limits are protective values, given the ] concentration is set at 1500&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7773060.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=May 1994|access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref>


It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues. It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues.


===European Union licensing=== ===European Union licensing===
The pesticides review by the European Union led to herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|title=Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate|publisher=]|accessdate=Mar 21, 2010}}{{deadlink|date=November 2017}}</ref> This situation arose as the Irish Rapporteur refused to review the data supplied unless it contained details of animal testing on dogs.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} As there was already substantial animal data within the package supplied the data pack holder felt further tests without substantiation would cause unnecessary animal suffering. Its licence was not withdrawn on grounds of safety or efficacy.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The pesticides review by the European Union led to herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|title=Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate|publisher=]|access-date=Mar 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113071628/http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|archive-date=2009-11-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation. Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation.
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==References== ==References==
<references/> <references/>

{{Ammonium salts}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 10:21, 2 April 2023

Ammonium sulfamate
Names
IUPAC name Ammonium sulfamate
Other names Ammonium sulphamate
Ammate herbicide
Ammonium amidosulfonate
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.974 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • WO6125000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3Key: GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3Key: GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES
  • S(=O)(=O)N.
Properties
Chemical formula [NH4]SO3NH2
Molar mass 114.125 g/mol
Appearance White solid
hygroscopic
Density 1.8 g/cm
Melting point 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Boiling point 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water very soluble
Solubility soluble in glycerol, glycol, formamide
slightly soluble in ethanol
insoluble in methanol, ether, n-octanol
Acidity (pKa) 6
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2 0 0
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose) 2000 mg/kg (oral, rat)
3100 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
3900 mg/kg (oral, rat)
5760 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible) TWA 15 mg/m (total) TWA 5 mg/m (resp)
REL (Recommended) TWA 10 mg/m (total) TWA 5 mg/m (resp)
IDLH (Immediate danger) 1500 mg/m
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1555
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Ammonium sulfamate (or ammonium sulphamate) is a white crystalline solid, readily soluble in water. It is commonly used as a broad spectrum herbicide, with additional uses as a compost accelerator, flame retardant and in industrial processes.

Manufacture and distribution

It is a salt formed from ammonia and sulfamic acid.

Ammonium sulfamate is distributed under the following tradenames, which are principally herbicidal product names: Amicide, Amidosulfate, Ammate, Amcide, Ammate X-NI, AMS, Fyran 206k, Ikurin, Sulfamate, AMS and Root-Out.

Uses

Herbicide

Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody weeds, tree stumps and brambles.

Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, English Heritage, the National Trust, and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.

Several years ago the Henry Doubleday Research Association (HDRA) (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials. Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed.

The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled: Japanese Knotweed (Reynoutria japonica, syn. Fallopia japonica), Marestail / Horsetail (Equisetum), Ground-elder (Aegopodium podagraria), Rhododendron ponticum, Brambles, Brushwood, Ivy (Hedera species), Senecio/Ragwort, Honey fungus (Armillaria), and felled tree stumps and most other tough woody specimens.

Compost accelerator

Ammonium sulfamate is used as a composting accelerator in horticultural settings. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap.

Flame retardant

Ammonium sulfamate (like other ammonium salts, e.g. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium sulfate) is a useful flame retardant. These salt based flame retardants offer advantages over other metal/mineral-based flame retardants in that they are water processable. Their relatively low decomposition temperature makes them suitable for flame retarding cellulose based materials (paper/wood). Ammonium sulfamate (like Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) is sometimes used in conjunction with Magnesium sulfate or Ammonium sulfate (in ratios of approximately 2:1) for enhanced flame retardant properties.

Other uses

Within industry ammonium sulfamate is used as a flame retardant, a plasticiser and in electro-plating. Within the laboratory it is used as a reagent.

Safety

Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be only slightly toxic to humans and other animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses. It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption.

It corrodes brass, copper, and iron. Its contact with eyes or skin can be harmful unless it is quickly washed off.

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 15 mg/m over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends exposures no greater than 10 mg/m over an eight-hour time-weighted average. These occupational exposure limits are protective values, given the IDLH concentration is set at 1500 mg/m.

It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues.

European Union licensing

The pesticides review by the European Union led to herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.

Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation.

See also

References

  1. ""+pageTitle+"". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-07-20. Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich
  2. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0030". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. "Ammonium sulfamate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. Bidlack, Verne C.; Fasig, Edgar W. (1951) , "10", Paint and Varnish Production Manual, John Wiley & Sons, p. 275
  5. "Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate". EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network. files maintained and archived at Oregon State University. June 1996. Retrieved Mar 21, 2010.
  6. Sunset Western Garden Book (1954), p.69
  7. "Ammonium sulfamate". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  8. "Ammonium sulfamate". Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 1994. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  9. "Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 2009-11-13. Retrieved Mar 21, 2010.
Ammonium salts
Inorganic salts
monatomic anions
oxyanions
other anions
Organic salts
Categories: