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{{Short description|American scholar}}
'''Juan Ricardo I. Cole''' is a professor of Modern ] and ] in the History Department at the ]. Since 2002, he has written a popular ], <ref></ref>. As an expert and commentator on Middle Eastern affairs, he has appeared in print and on television, and testified before the U.S. Senate.
<!-- This is a controversial topic that has been the subject of heated debate and edit warring. PLEASE DISCUSS PROPOSED CHANGES ON THE TALK PAGE before making any but the smallest edits. Edits made without discussion are likely to be reverted. -->
{{infobox person
|name =Juan Cole
|image =Juancole1.jpg
|caption =Cole giving a lecture at the ] (2007)
|birth_name=John Ricardo Irfan Cole
|birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1952|10|23}}
|birth_place=], U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place=
|occupation =]
|alma_mater ={{plainlist|
* ]
* ]
* ]
}}
|spouse ={{marriage|Shahin Malik|1982}}
|children =1
}}


'''John Ricardo Irfan''' "'''Juan'''" '''Cole''' (born October 23, 1952) is an American academic and commentator on the modern ] and ].<ref name=siva>{{cite news |url=http://chronicle.com/cgi2-bin/printable.cgi?article=http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i47/47b00602.htm |first=Siva |last=Vaidhyanathan |date=2006-06-28 |publisher=] |title=Can Blogging Damage Your Career? The Lessons of Juan Cole}} Dead link; no archive located.</ref><ref>http://events.umn.edu/event?occurrence=398490;event=114965 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723181537/https://events.umn.edu/event?occurrence=398490%3bevent=114965 |date=2011-07-23 }} Dead link at University of Minnesota Events web page.</ref> He is ] Collegiate Professor of History at the ]. Since 2002, he has written a ], ''Informed Comment'' (''juancole.com'').
==Background, education, appointments and awards==
Juan Cole was born in October 1952 as "John Ricardo Cole" <ref></ref> to a military family; from the beginning, his family called him "Juan." His father was stationed in ] at the time of Cole's birth. In addition to this and other USA locations, Cole's father did two long tours in France (a total of seven years) and one 18-month stay at Kagnew Station in Asmara, Eritrea (then Ethiopia). Cole reports that he first became interested in Islam in Eritrea, which has a population roughly half Christian and half Muslim. After completing an undergraduate degree at ] (see below), Cole pursued Islamic and Middle Eastern studies at the ] and the ] Los Angeles, and ultimately joined the faculty at the ] (see below). Cole married the former Shahin Malik in ] in ]. The couple have one son, Arman, born in ]<ref name=CV>, Juan Cole's Academic Web site, accessed ], ]</ref> Cole became a member of the ] in 1972 as an undergraduate at Northwestern, and the Bahá'í religion later became a focus of his academic career. Cole officially separated himself from the religion in 1996 after disputes with Bahá'í leadership concerning the ].


== Background ==
Cole has personal and professional experience in the Middle East and South Asia having lived for six years in the Arab world, and another two and a half in South Asia. He worked as a newspaper reporter in Beirut, Lebanon in the late 1970s and lived in Cairo, Egypt. He has continued to visit the region in the past 15 years, as stated in his blog, in order to keep in touch with the "pulse of opinion and changing local views." Cole is fluent in modern standard and colloquial Arabic, Urdu and Persian, and has a command of Turkish. <ref name="WP-Karsh"> This blog post addresses what Cole said were critics' comments inserted into Misplaced Pages articles in order to discredit him. These comments included the Karsh quote referenced above. Karsh, who is head of Mediterranean Studies at ] was characterized by Cole in this post as "a far rightwing Israeli historian." </ref>
Cole was born in ]. His father served in the ]. When Cole was age two, his family left New Mexico for France. His father completed two tours with the U.S. military in France (a total of seven years) and one 18-month stay at ] in ], ] (then ]). Cole was schooled at twelve schools in twelve years, at a series of dependent schools on military bases but also sometimes in civilian schools. Some schooling occurred in the United States, particularly in ] and ].<ref name="interview1">{{cite web |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people5/Cole/cole-con1.html |year =2005 |title=Juan Cole Interview: Conversations with History; Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley |access-date=2007-06-01 }}</ref>


===Baháʼí studies===
He was awarded ] to India (]) and to Egypt (1985-1986). From 1999 until 2004, Juan Cole was the editor of '']''. He has served in professional offices for the ]. <ref name=CV>, Professional Homepage, accessed April 23, 2006</ref> He was elected president of the ] in November 2004. <ref>, MESA of America Website, accessed April 23, 2006</ref> In 2006 Cole was nominated to teach at ] and was approved by Yale's sociology and history departments; however, the senior appointments committee overruled the nomination.<ref name=jewishweek>{{cite news
Cole converted to the ] in 1972 and spent 25 years writing and travelling in support of the religion. He had several works published through Baháʼí publishers and co-edited an online journal (''Occasional Papers in the Shaykhi, Babi, and Baha'i Religions''). Some of these were unofficial translations, and two volumes by/about early Baháʼí theologian ].<ref>They are: '''' (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1985); and '''' (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1982).</ref>
|first = Liel
|last = Leibovitz
|url = http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=12578
|title = Middle East Wars Flare Up At Yale
|publisher = The Jewish Week
|date = 2006-06-02
|accessdate = 2006-06-07
}}</ref> Cole continues to teach at the University of Michigan.


In 1994 Cole participated in a discussion group that became a forum for dissent among Baháʼí academics against the ]. Cole was perceived as leading a dissident faction, and resigned his membership in 1996 after being confronted by Baháʼí leadership. He declared himself a ].<ref name="momen">{{cite journal |last=Momen |first=Moojan |authorlink=Moojan Momen |year=2007 |title=Marginality and Apostasy in the Baháʼí Community |journal=Religion |volume=37 |pages=187–209 |issue=3 |url=http://bahai-library.com/momen_marginality_apostasy |doi=10.1016/j.religion.2007.06.008 |s2cid=55630282}}</ref> Soon after his resignation, Cole created an email list and website called '''H-Bahai''', which became a repository of both primary source material and critical analysis on the religion.<ref name="momen" /> Cole went on to critically attack the Baháʼí Faith in several books and articles written from 1998–2002, describing a prominent Baháʼí as "inquisitor" and "bigot", and accusing Baháʼí institutions of cult-like tendencies.<ref name="momen" />
* 1975 B.A. History and Literature of Religions, Northwestern University
* 1978 M.A. Arabic Studies/History, American University in Cairo
* 1984 Ph.D. Islamic Studies, University of California Los Angeles
* 1984-1990 Assistant Professor of History, ]
* 1990-1995 Associate Professor of History, ]
* 1992-1995 Director, Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies, ]
* 1995- Professor of History, ]


=== Appointments and awards ===
==Academic interests==
Cole was awarded ] to India (1982) and to Egypt (1985–1986). In 1991 he held a ] grant for the study of ] in ]. From 1999 until 2004, Juan Cole was the editor of '']''. He has served in professional offices for the ] and on the editorial board of the journal ''Iranian Studies''.<ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=Juan R. I. Cole Publications |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/jcpers.htm |work=Curriculum Vitae |publisher=Juan Cole's academic website|access-date=2006-05-28 }}</ref> He is a member of the ],<ref name="Cole MESA">{{Cite web |title=MESA Members » Juan Cole |url=https://mesana.org/mymesa/directory_mem.php?page=/mymesa/directory.php?ltype=lname%7c%7camp;lvalue=C&mem=72ac1e2184cebd3cb67837527412903a |website=mesana.org |access-date=8 August 2015 }}</ref> and served as the organization's president for 2006.<ref name="Pres letter 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Cole |first=Juan |title=The Importance of Being Heard |url=http://mesana.org/publications/imes/presidents-letters.html#Cole |journal=MESA Newsletter |volume=28 |issue=February 2006 |access-date=9 August 2015 }}</ref> In 2006, he received the James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism administered by ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519192548/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/history/facstaff/facnews.asp |date=2011-05-19 }}, Department of History: ], 2007</ref> He is a member of the Community Council of the ] (NIAC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.niacouncil.org/staff-board/#tab_tab_community_council/ |title=Staff and Board |website=NIAC |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref>
Cole's work has focused on the social and cultural history of modern Egypt, Shi'ite Islam in modern Iran and Iraq, the Baha'i Faith, and religion in South Asia. Since ] he has written more about current affairs. In addition to academic work, he enjoys translating and has rendered into English books by ] and ], as well as working on ] fiction.


==Notable work==
Cole's initial work was on the 19th century, but he has formally published in refereed academic proceedings on the ], on 9/11, the ] of Iraq and their involvement in democracy (the ] approach of minimal interference as distinguished to the ] of ]), on the historiography of the ], on the ] leader ] and on many other twentieth century and twenty-first century subjects. His book ''Sacred Space and Holy War'' contains material on the modern history of the Arab Shiites and on the ]. He has also published material on the treatment of religious minorities by the Islamic Republic in the last thirty or so years.


Cole founded the Global Americana Institute<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glaminst.com// |title=Global Americana Institute |publisher=Global Americana Institute |year=2011 |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref> to translate works concerning the United States into Arabic. The first volume was selected works of ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juancole.com/2011/04/thomas-jefferson-in-arabic.html |title=Thomas Jefferson in Arabic |publisher=Dar al-Saqi |date=2011-03-01 |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref> and the second was a translation of a biography of ] along with selected speeches and writings.
Cole speaks ] (] as well as ] and ] dialects), ], and ], and is familiar with ]. <ref name=CV>, Juan Cole's Academic Web site, accessed April 23, 2006.</ref>

===Current affairs history===
After September 11, 2001, Cole turned increasingly to writing on radical Muslim movements, the Iraq War, United States foreign policy, and the Iran crisis. He calls his work not "contemporary history" but "current affairs history".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jch.sagepub.com/content/46/3/658.abstract?rss=1 |title="Blogging Current Affairs History", Journal of Contemporary History July 2011 vol. 46 no. 3 658-670 |publisher=Contemporary History |date=2011-07-01 |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/01/11/case-current-affairs-history |title=The Case for Current Affairs History |publisher=Inside Higher Education |date=2012-01-11 |access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref>

Cole testified on Iraq before the ] in 2004.<ref>'''', ], April 20, 2004.</ref>


==Extra-academic interests==
===''Informed Comment'' blog=== ===''Informed Comment'' blog===
Since 2002, Cole has published the blog ''Informed Comment'', covering "History, Middle East, South Asia, Religious Studies, and the ]". Cole's prominence quickly rose through his blog,<ref>Curt Guyette, "The Blog of War", ''Metrotimes'' (25 August 2004).</ref> and ''Foreign Policy'' commented in 2004, "Cole's transformation into a public intellectual embodies many of the dynamics that have heightened the impact of the blogosphere. He wanted to publicize his expertise, and he did so by attracting attention from elite members of the blogosphere. As Cole made waves within the virtual world, others in the real world began to take notice".<ref>Daniel W. Drezner and Henry Farrell, "", ''Foreign Policy'' (November/December 2004).</ref>
2002, Cole started the blog ''Informed Comment'', covering "History, Middle East, South Asia, Religious Studies, and the ]". The blog has won various awards; as of April 2006 the most prominent is the 2005 James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism from ]. <ref>"", ''Informed Comment'', March 29, 2006.</ref> It has also received two 2004 ]: the "Best Expert Blog" and the "Best Blog Post". <ref>Drum, Kevin. , '']'' blog, February 23, 2005.</ref> Blog entries often consist of comments on widely-reported articles in Western media, summaries of important articles from Arabic news sources, and letters and discussions with both critics and supporters. As of October 21, 2006, ''Informed Comment'' was ranked as the 99th most popular blog on the internet by ]<ref></ref>.


In 2006 ] called Cole "the most respected voice on foreign policy on the left"<ref>The Hotline: National Journal's Daily Briefing on Politics, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123183054/http://blogdirectory.nationaljournal.com/2006/10/informed_comment.html |date=2006-11-23 }}, ], October 2, 2006</ref> and his blog ranked the 99th most popular in 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.technorati.com/pop/blogs/ |title=Technorati blog ranking page |publisher=Technorati.com |access-date=2009-04-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429210506/http://technorati.com/pop/blogs/ |archive-date=2009-04-29 }}</ref> but it has since fallen off the list.
===Commentator on Middle Eastern affairs===
Public interest in Cole's blog lead to attention from other media sources. From 2002 onwards, Cole has been an active commentator in the UK and US media on topics related to the Middle East. His focus has primarily been Iraq, Iran and Israel. Cole has published in '']'', the '']'', ], the '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''<ref>, Juan Cole's website.</ref>. He has also published op-eds on the Mideast in the ], the ], the ]. He has appeared on the ] ], ], ], the ], ], ], ] and ] commenting on on contemporary Middle Eastern affairs which he follows on a daily basis.


==Views==
===Other activities===
Leading up to the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Cole chastised several candidates, including ], ], and ], for making bellicose statements about Iran in order to present themselves in a tougher or more conservative light.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2007/10/17/iran/ |title=The Iran hawks |work=Salon.com |date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=2008-10-26}}</ref>
In 2004, the ] requested Cole's testimony at hearings to better understand the situation in Iraq.<ref>'''', ], April 20, 2004.</ref>


In 2002, Cole rejected the Bush administration's early claims of Iraqi cooperation with ], commenting that ] had "persecuted and killed both Sunni and Shiite fundamentalists in great number",<ref>{{cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Sullivan |title=Iraq No Friend of al-Qaida, Experts Say |newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer |date=26 September 2002 |page=A11 }}</ref> as well as claims to the effect that Iraq was developing ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nicholas |last=Blanford |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0909/p06s01-wome.html |title=Syria Worries U.S. Won't Stop at Iraq |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=9 September 2002 |pages=6 }}</ref> Rather than making America safer, he says, the war has ironically had the opposite effect: inspiring anti-U.S. militants.
Cole is president and treasurer of the ], a group of academics specializing in the Middle East who are working to translate the seminal works of American democracy into various Middle Eastern languages. The group's web site states that the "project will begin with a selected set of passages and essays by Thomas Jefferson on constitutional and governmental issues such as freedom of religion, the separation of powers, inalienable rights, the sovereignty of the people, and so forth."<ref>, accessed July 3, 2006.</ref>


In 2004, Cole pointed out that he was against boycotting Israeli professors: "I have stood with Israeli colleagues and against any attempt to marginalize them or boycott them".<ref>{{cite web |last=Cole |first=Juan |date=December 8, 2004 |title=Character Assassination |url=http://www.juancole.com/2004/12/character-assassination-yes-im-aware.html |publisher=Informed Comment}}</ref>
Cole is an avid ] fan and has a strong personal interest in ] issues.


In a 2005 speech at the ], Cole was critical of the U.S. allying itself with offshoots of the ] in Iraq but vehemently opposing ] in Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mepc.org/forums_chcs/41.asp |title=scroll down to the questions section |publisher=Mepc.org |access-date=2009-04-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410164023/http://www.mepc.org/forums_chcs/41.asp |archive-date=April 10, 2009 }} at ].</ref>
==Views and controversies==
{{NPOV-section}}


According to ], Cole has done "hardly any independent research on the twentieth-century Middle East", and characterized Cole's analysis of this era as "derivative". He has also responded to Cole's criticism of Israeli policies and the influence of the "]", comparing them to accusations that have been made in anti-semitic writings.<ref name="Karsh">{{cite web |last=Karsh |first=Efraim |title=Juan Cole's Bad blog |url=http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/1945 |publisher=The New Republic (archived at ])}}</ref> Cole replied directly to Karsh in his blog.<ref name="WP-Karsh">{{cite web |last=Cole |first=Juan |date=October 12, 2006 |title=Misplaced Pages, Karsh and Cole |url=http://www.juancole.com/2006/10/wikipedia-karsh-and-cole-encyclopedia.html |publisher=Informed Comment}}</ref>
Cole was critical of the ]'s policy in Iraq, in particular the decision to disband the ] and the treatment of prisoners in Iraq.<ref>, an article accessed from Juan Cole's website as of June ]</ref> He disputes the administration's optimistic tone about Iraq's future and questions the administration's motives. On his weblog, he often publishes translations from Iraqi newspapers and other media about specific events taking place in Iraq; much of this material is unavailable elsewhere in the English-language press.


] of '']'' has criticized Cole for what he deems as partisan bias on issues of war and peace, citing his support for wars supported by the U.S. ] as in the ] and Libya, while opposing wars supported by the U.S. ] such as the wars in Iraq.<ref>Sapienza, Jeremy, ,
Cole is also a critic of ]'s foreign and military policy and its treatment of Palestinians. He criticizes the nature of America's support for Israel, the activities of the ], and questions the loyalties of some of Israel's right-wing supporters in America, whom he refers to as "]."<ref name="IsraelLobbyComment">Cole, Juan. '''', ], April 19. 2006.</ref> <ref name="DualLoyal">Cole, Juan Informed Comment, September 09, 2004</ref>
''Antiwar.com'', August 23, 2011.</ref>


===Ahmadinejad's remarks on Israel===
One critic, ], has challenged Cole's expertise <ref
{{see also|Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel}}
name="Karsh">, by ] in the ]</ref>, saying that, "having done hardly any independent research on the twentieth-century Middle East, Cole's analysis of this era is essentially derivative, echoing the conventional wisdom among Arabists and Orientalists regarding Islamic and Arab history, the creation of the modern Middle East in the wake of World War I, and its relations with the outside world." Cole responded by noting that his "writing on academic 20th century and contemporary topics...has been extensive" and that he has lived, studied, and worked in the region and speaks its languages. He further noted that he continuously kept abreast of current developments and cited his publications, "in refereed academic venues," on the 20th and 21st century Middle East, contrasting his experience "on the ground" with that of ] who is "lionized" by Karsh. <ref
<!-- This is a controversial topic that has been the subject of heated debate and edit warring. PLEASE DISCUSS PROPOSED CHANGES ON THE TALK PAGE before making any but the smallest edits. Edits made without discussion are likely to be reverted. -->
name="WP-Karsh"> </ref>.
Cole and ] traded barbs regarding the translation and meaning of a passage referring to Israel in a speech by Iran President ]. Fathi Nazila of '']''{{'}}s ] bureau translated the passage as "Our dear Imam said that the occupying regime must be wiped off the map."<ref name="r26">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/30/weekinreview/30iran.html?ex=1161230400&en=26f07fc5b7543417&ei=5070 |title=Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech |access-date=2006-10-17 |last=Fathi |first=Nazila |date=October 30, 2005|newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref>


In an article published at the '']'' website, Hitchens accused Cole of attempting to minimize and distort the meaning of the speech, which Hitchens understood to be a repetition of "the standard line" that "the state of Israel is illegitimate and must be obliterated." Hitchens also denigrated Cole's competence in both Persian and "plain English" and described him as a Muslim apologist.<ref name="Hitchens">{{cite web |publisher=] |title=The Cole Report: When it comes to Iran, he distorts, you decide |first=Christopher |last=Hitchens |date=May 2, 2006 |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2140947 |access-date=March 3, 2007}}</ref>
Karsh and others including ]<ref> Andrew Sullivan The Daily Dish blog, May 3, 2006</ref> and ]<ref name="kramer2004"> at "Martin Kramer's Sandstorm" blog, November 25, 2004</ref> have raised other points of criticism. to which Cole has responded in turn with a variety of rebuttals.<ref>Cole, Juan , Informed Comment, December 8, 2004</ref> <ref>. November 23, 2004</ref> <ref name="Hitch"> Juan Cole, Informed Comment blog, May 03, 2006</ref>


Cole responded that while he personally despised "everything Ahmadinejad stands for, not to mention the odious Khomeini",<ref name="ICHitchens">{{cite web |url=http://www.juancole.com/2006/05/hitchens-hacker-and-hitchens.html |date=May 3, 2006 |title=Hitchens the Hacker; And, Hitchens the Orientalist And, "We don't Want Your Stinking War! |first=Juan |last=Cole |access-date=2006-05-04 }}</ref> he nonetheless objected to the ''New York Times'' translation.<ref name="ICHitchens" /> Cole wrote that it inaccurately suggested Ahmadinejad was advocating an invasion of Israel ("that he wants to play Hitler to Israel's Poland"). He added that a better translation of the phrase would be "the occupation regime over Jerusalem should vanish from the page of time," a metaphysical if not poetic reference rather than a militaristic one.<ref name="ICHitchens"/> He also stated that Hitchens was incompetent to assess a Persian-to-English translation, and accused him of unethically accessing private Cole e-mails from an on-line discussion group.<ref name="ICHitchens"/><ref>News Hits staff, , ], 5/10/2006</ref><ref>Joel Mowbray, , ], May 22, 2006</ref>
Despite his criticisms of Israeli foreign policy, he has publicly opposed ]. He has also called ] attacks on Israel "war crimes", and stated that " every right to defend itself against ] and his mad bombers" while voicing disapproval for the "wholesale indiscriminate destruction and slaughter in which the Israelis have been engaged against the Lebanese in general."


==CIA harassment allegations==
==Selected bibliography==
In 2011, ] reported in '']'' that ], a former ] officer who was a top ] official during the administration of President ], "said the White House at least twice asked intelligence officials to gather sensitive information" on Cole "in order to discredit him".<ref name=CIA>] (2011-06-15) , '']''</ref> "In an interview, Mr. Carle said his supervisor at the ] told him in 2005 that White House officials wanted 'to get' Professor Cole, and made clear that he wanted Mr. Carle to collect information about him, an effort Mr. Carle rebuffed. Months later, Mr. Carle said, he confronted a CIA official after learning of another attempt to collect information about Professor Cole. Mr. Carle said he contended at the time that such actions would have been unlawful."<ref name=CIA/>
===Texts===
* ''Sacred Space and Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam'' (London: I.B. Tauris, 2002) ISBN 1-86064-736-7
* ''Modernity and the Millennium:The Genesis of the Baha'i Faith in the Nineteenth-Century Middle East.'' New York:Columbia University Press. May, 1998) ISBN 0-231-11081-2
* ''Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt's `Urabi Movement.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Paperback edn., Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1999)
* ''Comparing Muslim Societies.'' (Comparative Studies in Society and History series.) Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press, 1992. Review
* ''Roots of North Indian Shi`ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859.'' Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988; New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991)
* ''Shi`ism and Social Protest.'' . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986)
* ''From Iran East and West: Studies in Babi and Baha'i History, vol. 2'' "Baha'u'llah and the Naqshbandi Sufis in Iraq, 1854-1856." Los Angeles:Kalimat Press, 1984)
* ''The Imagined Embrace: Gender, Identity and Iranian Ethnicity in Jahangiri Paintings.'' In Michel Mazzaoui, ed. Safavid Iran and her Neighbors (Salt Lake City: Utah University Press, 2003), pp. 49-62.
* ''Historiography of the Muslim Brotherhood,'' essay in ''Middle East Historiographies: Narrating the Twentieth Century'' by Israel Gershoni ''et al'' , 2006


== Lack of Yale appointment ==
===Journal Issues===
<!-- This is a controversial topic that has been the subject of heated debate and edit warring. PLEASE DISCUSS PROPOSED CHANGES ON THE TALK PAGE before making any but the smallest edits. Edits made without discussion are likely to be reverted. -->In 2006, Cole was nominated to teach at ] and was approved by both Yale's sociology and history departments. However, the senior appointments committee overruled the departments, and Cole was not appointed.{{Citation needed|date= June 2022}}
* ''Rashid Rida on tne the Baha'i Fairth: A Utilatiarian Theory of the Spread of Religions'',. ] 5, 3 (Summer 1983): 276-291


According to "several Yale faculty members", the decision to overrule Cole's approval was "highly unusual".<ref>Leibovitz, Liel. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615194357/http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=12578 |date=2006-06-15 }}, ], 2006-06-02. Retrieved on 7 June 2006.</ref> Yale Deputy Provost Charles Long stated that "Tenure appointments at Yale are very complicated and they go through several stages, and can fail to pass at any of the stages. Every year, at least one and often more fail at one of these levels, and that happened in this case."<ref name="tenure">{{cite news |last=Goldberg |first=Ross |newspaper=] |url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=32950 |title=Univ. denies Cole tenure |date=June 10, 2006 |access-date=2006-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820112025/http://www.yaledailynews.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=32950 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2006-08-20}}</ref> The history department vote was 13 in favor, seven opposed, and three abstentions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Leibovitz |first=Liel |url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=12578 |title=Middle East Wars Flare Up At Yale |newspaper=] |date=2 June 2006 |access-date=2006-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615194357/http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/newscontent.php3?artid=12578 |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}</ref> Professors interviewed by the '']'' said "the faculty appeared sharply divided."<ref name="tenure" />
* ''Nationalism and the Colonial Legacy in the Middle East and Central Asia.'' Co-edited with Deniz Kandiyoti. Special Issue of The International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 34, no. 2 (May 2002), pp. 187-424.


Yale historian ] commented that the deep divisions in the appointment committee were the primary reasons that Cole was rejected: "There was also concern, aside from the process, about the nature of his blog and what it would be like to have a very divisive colleague."<ref name="tenure" /> Yale political science professor ] commented, "It would be very comforting for Cole's supporters to think that this got steamrolled because of his controversial blog opinions. The blog opened people's eyes as to what was going on."<ref>David White, , ], August 3, 2006.</ref> Another Yale historian, ], said of Cole's rejection: "In this case, academic integrity clearly has been trumped by politics."<ref name="Weiss">], , '']'', July 3, 2006.</ref>
* ''The United States and Shi‘ite Religious Factions in Post-Ba‘thist Iraq'' MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL VOLUME 57, NO. 4, AUTUMN 2003


In an interview on '']'', Cole said that he had not applied for the post at Yale: "Some people at Yale asked if they could look at me for a senior appointment. I said, 'Look all you want.' So that's up to them. Senior professors are like baseball players. You're being looked at by other teams all the time. If it doesn't result in an offer, then nobody takes it seriously." He described the so-called "scandal" surrounding his nomination as "a tempest in a teapot" that had been exaggerated by "neo-con journalists": "Who knows what their hiring process is like, what things they were looking for?"<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130014756/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06%2F08%2F04%2F1418253 |date=2006-11-30 }}, ], August 4, 2006</ref>
* ''The Taliban, Women, and the Hegelian Private Sphere'' Social Research- An International Quarterly of the Social Sciences: Islam Private and Public Spheres, Volume 70 No. 2 (Fall 2003)


==Selected bibliography==
* ''The Iraqi Shiites: On the history of America’s would-be allies,'' Boston Review, Fall, 2003.


===Monographs and edited works===
* ''A Shia Crescent: What Fallout for the United States'' J.I. Cole ''et al'' Symposium Middle East Policy Council Journal Volume XII, Winter 2005, Number 4
* '']'', ], 2009. {{ISBN|0-230-60754-3}}
* ''Napoleon's Egypt: Invading the Middle East'', ], 2007. {{ISBN|1-4039-6431-9}}
* ''The Ayatollahs and Democracy in Iraq,'' ], 2006. {{ISBN|978-90-5356-889-7}}
* ''Nationalism and the Colonial Legacy in the Middle East and Central Asia.'' Co-edited with Deniz Kandiyoti. Special Issue of ''The International Journal of Middle East Studies'' Vol. 34, no. 2 (May 2002), pp.&nbsp;187–424
* ''Sacred Space and Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam,'' London: ], 2002. {{ISBN|1-86064-736-7}}
* ''Modernity and the Millennium:The Genesis of the Baháʼí Faith in the Nineteenth-Century Middle East.'' New York: ], 1998. {{ISBN|0-231-11081-2}}
* ''Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt's `Urabi Movement.'' Princeton: ], 1993. Paperback edn., Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1999.
* ''Comparing Muslim Societies'' (edited, Comparative Studies in Society and History series); Ann Arbor: ], 1992.
* ''Roots of North Indian Shi`ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859.'' Berkeley and Los Angeles: ], 1988; New Delhi: ], 1991)
* ''Shi'ism and Social Protest.'' (edited, with Nikki Keddie), New Haven: ], 1986.
* ''Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires.'' , 2018. {{ISBN|978-1568587837}}


===Selected recent journal articles and book chapters===
* ''The Reelection of Bush and the Fate of Iraq,'' Constellations, Volume 12, no. 2 (June 2005): 164-172.


Reference:<ref name="Juan R. I. Cole Publications">(2012-06-15) </ref>
* ''A ‘Shiite Crescent’? The Regional Impact of the Iraq War.”'' Current History. (January 2006): 20-26.

* "Islamophobia and American Foreign Policy Rhetoric: The Bush Years and After". In John L. Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin, eds., ''Islamophobia: the Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp.&nbsp;127–142.
* "Shi'ite Parties and the Democratic Process in Iraq". In Mary Ann Tetreault, Gwen Okruhlik, and Andrzej Kapiszewski, eds. ''Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition''. (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2011). pp.&nbsp;49–71.
* "Notes on 'Iran Today.' ''Michigan Quarterly Review''. (Winter, 2010), pp. 49–55.
* "Playing Muslim: Bonaparte's Army of the Orient and Euro-Muslim Creolization". In David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmaniyam, eds., ''The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760-1840''. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp.&nbsp;125–143.
* "Struggles over Personal Status and Family Laws in Post-Baathist Iraq". In Kenneth Cuno and Manisha Desai, eds., ''Family, Gender and Law in a Globalizing Middle East and South Asia'' (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009), pp.&nbsp;105–125.
* "Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the Twentieth Century". ''Macalester International'', Volume 23 (Spring 2009): 3–23.
* "The Taliban, Women and the Hegelian Private Sphere", in Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, ''The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008), pp.&nbsp;118–154 (revised version of Social Research article below.)
* "Islamophobia and American Foreign Policy" ''Islamophobia and the Challenges of Pluralism in the 21st Century'', (Washington, D.C.: ACMCU Occasional Papers, Georgetown University, 2008). Pp. 70–79.
* "Marsh Arab Rebellion: Grievance, Mafias and Militias in Iraq", Fourth Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, (Bloomington, IN: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, Indiana University, 2008). pp.&nbsp;1–31.
* "The Decline of Grand Ayatollah Sistani's Influence". ''Die Friedens-Warte: Journal of International Peace and Organization''. Vol. 82, nos.2–3 (2007): 67–83.
* "Shia Militias in Iraqi Politics". In Markus Bouillon, David M. Malone and Ben Rowswell, eds., ''Iraq: Preventing a New Generation of Conflict'' (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner, 2007), pp.&nbsp;109–123.
* "Anti-Americanism: It's the Policies". AHR Forum : Historical Perspectives on Anti-Americanism. ''The American Historical Review'', 111 (October, 2006): 1120–1129.
* "The Rise of Religious and Ethnic Mass Politics in Iraq", in David Little and Donald K. Swearer, eds., ''Religion and Nationalism in Iraq: A Comparative Perspective'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Center for the Study of the World Religions/ Harvard University Press, 2006), pp.&nbsp;43–62.
* "Muslim Religious Extremism in Egypt: A Historiographical Critique of Narratives", in Israel Gershoni, et al., eds. ''Middle East Historiographies: Narrating the Twentieth Century'' (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006), pp.&nbsp;262–287.
* "Of Crowds and Empires: Afro-Asian Riots and European Expansion, 1857–1882". In Fernando Coronil and Julie Skurski, eds. ''States of Violence''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006, pp.&nbsp;269–305.
* "Empires of Liberty? Democracy and Conquest in French Egypt, British Egypt and American Iraq". In ''Lessons of Empire: Imperial Histories and American Power''. Ed. Calhoun, Craig, Frederick Cooper and Kevin W. Moore, eds. New York: The New Press, 2006. pp.&nbsp;94–115. .
* "A 'Shiite Crescent'? The Regional Impact of the Iraq War". ''Current History''. (January 2006): 20–26.
* Juan Cole et al., "A Shia Crescent: What Fallout for the U.S.?" ''Middle East Policy'' Volume XII, Winter 2005, Number 4, pp.&nbsp;1–27. (Joint oral round table).
* "The United States and Shi'ite Religious Factions in Post-Ba'thist Iraq", ''The Middle East Journal'', Volume 57, Number 4, Autumn 2003, pp.&nbsp;543–566.
* "The Imagined Embrace: Gender, Identity and Iranian Ethnicity in Jahangiri Paintings". In Michel Mazzaoui, ed. ''Safavid Iran and her Neighbors'' (Salt Lake City: Utah University Press, 2003), pp.&nbsp;49–62.
* "Mad Sufis and Civic Courtesans: The French Republican Construction of Eighteenth-Century Egypt". In Irene Bierman, ed. ''Napoleon in Egypt''. (London: Ithaca Press, 2003), pp.&nbsp;47–62.
* "Al-Tahtawi on Poverty and Welfare", in Michael Bonner, Mine Ener and Amy Singer, eds. ''Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts'' (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003), pp.&nbsp;223–238.


===Translations=== ===Translations===
* ''Religion in Iran: From Zoroaster to Baha'u'llah by Alessandro Bausani.'' . New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 2000. * ''Religion in Iran: From Zoroaster to Baha'u'llah by Alessandro Bausani.'' . New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 2000.
* ''Broken Wings: A Novel'' by Kahlil Gibran. Ashland, Or.: White Cloud Press, 1998) * ''Broken Wings: A Novel'' by Kahlil Gibran. Ashland, Or.: White Cloud Press, 1998)
* ''The Vision of Kahlil Gibran'' . Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1998. [ Hardcover Edn.: Ashland, Or.: White Cloud Press, 1994) * ''The Vision of Kahlil Gibran'' . Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1998. [Hardcover Edn.: Ashland, Or.: White Cloud Press, 1994)
* ''Spirit Brides of Kahlil Gibran'' . Santa Cruz: White Cloud Press, 1993. * ''Spirit Brides of Kahlil Gibran'' . Santa Cruz: White Cloud Press, 1993.
* ''Letters and Essays 1886-1913 of Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani'' . Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1985. * '''' . Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1985.
* ''Miracles and Metaphors of Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani . Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1982) * '''' . Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1982)

''See'' for complete list of publications.


== References ==
==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


== External links == ==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1363803|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|wikt=no|s=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|c=Category:Juan Cole}}
* at the ]
*{{Official}}
* '''' - Juan Cole's weblog
* at the ]
* </nowiki> Three-State Solution?] ] review, March 29, 2004
*{{C-SPAN|1010002}}
*{{Mastodon user}}


{{Authority control}}
{{wikiquote}}


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Latest revision as of 14:37, 11 December 2024

American scholar
Juan Cole
Cole giving a lecture at the University of Minnesota (2007)
BornJohn Ricardo Irfan Cole
(1952-10-23) October 23, 1952 (age 72)
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
Alma mater
OccupationHistorian
Spouse Shahin Malik ​(m. 1982)
Children1

John Ricardo Irfan "Juan" Cole (born October 23, 1952) is an American academic and commentator on the modern Middle East and South Asia. He is Richard P. Mitchell Collegiate Professor of History at the University of Michigan. Since 2002, he has written a weblog, Informed Comment (juancole.com).

Background

Cole was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. His father served in the United States Army Signal Corps. When Cole was age two, his family left New Mexico for France. His father completed two tours with the U.S. military in France (a total of seven years) and one 18-month stay at Kagnew Station in Asmara, Eritrea (then Ethiopia). Cole was schooled at twelve schools in twelve years, at a series of dependent schools on military bases but also sometimes in civilian schools. Some schooling occurred in the United States, particularly in North Carolina and California.

Baháʼí studies

Cole converted to the Baháʼí Faith in 1972 and spent 25 years writing and travelling in support of the religion. He had several works published through Baháʼí publishers and co-edited an online journal (Occasional Papers in the Shaykhi, Babi, and Baha'i Religions). Some of these were unofficial translations, and two volumes by/about early Baháʼí theologian Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl.

In 1994 Cole participated in a discussion group that became a forum for dissent among Baháʼí academics against the Baháʼí administration. Cole was perceived as leading a dissident faction, and resigned his membership in 1996 after being confronted by Baháʼí leadership. He declared himself a Unitarian Universalist. Soon after his resignation, Cole created an email list and website called H-Bahai, which became a repository of both primary source material and critical analysis on the religion. Cole went on to critically attack the Baháʼí Faith in several books and articles written from 1998–2002, describing a prominent Baháʼí as "inquisitor" and "bigot", and accusing Baháʼí institutions of cult-like tendencies.

Appointments and awards

Cole was awarded Fulbright-Hays fellowships to India (1982) and to Egypt (1985–1986). In 1991 he held a National Endowment for the Humanities grant for the study of Shia Islam in Iran. From 1999 until 2004, Juan Cole was the editor of The International Journal of Middle East Studies. He has served in professional offices for the American Institute of Iranian Studies and on the editorial board of the journal Iranian Studies. He is a member of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, and served as the organization's president for 2006. In 2006, he received the James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism administered by Hunter College. He is a member of the Community Council of the National Iranian American Council (NIAC).

Notable work

Cole founded the Global Americana Institute to translate works concerning the United States into Arabic. The first volume was selected works of Thomas Jefferson, and the second was a translation of a biography of Martin Luther King Jr. along with selected speeches and writings.

Current affairs history

After September 11, 2001, Cole turned increasingly to writing on radical Muslim movements, the Iraq War, United States foreign policy, and the Iran crisis. He calls his work not "contemporary history" but "current affairs history".

Cole testified on Iraq before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in 2004.

Informed Comment blog

Since 2002, Cole has published the blog Informed Comment, covering "History, Middle East, South Asia, Religious Studies, and the War on Terror". Cole's prominence quickly rose through his blog, and Foreign Policy commented in 2004, "Cole's transformation into a public intellectual embodies many of the dynamics that have heightened the impact of the blogosphere. He wanted to publicize his expertise, and he did so by attracting attention from elite members of the blogosphere. As Cole made waves within the virtual world, others in the real world began to take notice".

In 2006 National Journal called Cole "the most respected voice on foreign policy on the left" and his blog ranked the 99th most popular in 2009, but it has since fallen off the list.

Views

Leading up to the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Cole chastised several candidates, including Hillary Clinton, Rudy Giuliani, and Mitt Romney, for making bellicose statements about Iran in order to present themselves in a tougher or more conservative light.

In 2002, Cole rejected the Bush administration's early claims of Iraqi cooperation with Al-Qaeda, commenting that Saddam Hussein had "persecuted and killed both Sunni and Shiite fundamentalists in great number", as well as claims to the effect that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction. Rather than making America safer, he says, the war has ironically had the opposite effect: inspiring anti-U.S. militants.

In 2004, Cole pointed out that he was against boycotting Israeli professors: "I have stood with Israeli colleagues and against any attempt to marginalize them or boycott them".

In a 2005 speech at the Middle East Policy Council, Cole was critical of the U.S. allying itself with offshoots of the Islamic Dawa Party in Iraq but vehemently opposing Hezbollah in Lebanon.

According to Efraim Karsh, Cole has done "hardly any independent research on the twentieth-century Middle East", and characterized Cole's analysis of this era as "derivative". He has also responded to Cole's criticism of Israeli policies and the influence of the "Israel lobby", comparing them to accusations that have been made in anti-semitic writings. Cole replied directly to Karsh in his blog.

Jeremy Sapienza of Antiwar.com has criticized Cole for what he deems as partisan bias on issues of war and peace, citing his support for wars supported by the U.S. Democratic Party as in the Balkans and Libya, while opposing wars supported by the U.S. Republican Party such as the wars in Iraq.

Ahmadinejad's remarks on Israel

See also: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel

Cole and Christopher Hitchens traded barbs regarding the translation and meaning of a passage referring to Israel in a speech by Iran President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Fathi Nazila of The New York Times's Tehran bureau translated the passage as "Our dear Imam said that the occupying regime must be wiped off the map."

In an article published at the Slate website, Hitchens accused Cole of attempting to minimize and distort the meaning of the speech, which Hitchens understood to be a repetition of "the standard line" that "the state of Israel is illegitimate and must be obliterated." Hitchens also denigrated Cole's competence in both Persian and "plain English" and described him as a Muslim apologist.

Cole responded that while he personally despised "everything Ahmadinejad stands for, not to mention the odious Khomeini", he nonetheless objected to the New York Times translation. Cole wrote that it inaccurately suggested Ahmadinejad was advocating an invasion of Israel ("that he wants to play Hitler to Israel's Poland"). He added that a better translation of the phrase would be "the occupation regime over Jerusalem should vanish from the page of time," a metaphysical if not poetic reference rather than a militaristic one. He also stated that Hitchens was incompetent to assess a Persian-to-English translation, and accused him of unethically accessing private Cole e-mails from an on-line discussion group.

CIA harassment allegations

In 2011, James Risen reported in The New York Times that Glenn Carle, a former Central Intelligence Agency officer who was a top counterterrorism official during the administration of President George W. Bush, "said the White House at least twice asked intelligence officials to gather sensitive information" on Cole "in order to discredit him". "In an interview, Mr. Carle said his supervisor at the National Intelligence Council told him in 2005 that White House officials wanted 'to get' Professor Cole, and made clear that he wanted Mr. Carle to collect information about him, an effort Mr. Carle rebuffed. Months later, Mr. Carle said, he confronted a CIA official after learning of another attempt to collect information about Professor Cole. Mr. Carle said he contended at the time that such actions would have been unlawful."

Lack of Yale appointment

In 2006, Cole was nominated to teach at Yale University and was approved by both Yale's sociology and history departments. However, the senior appointments committee overruled the departments, and Cole was not appointed.

According to "several Yale faculty members", the decision to overrule Cole's approval was "highly unusual". Yale Deputy Provost Charles Long stated that "Tenure appointments at Yale are very complicated and they go through several stages, and can fail to pass at any of the stages. Every year, at least one and often more fail at one of these levels, and that happened in this case." The history department vote was 13 in favor, seven opposed, and three abstentions. Professors interviewed by the Yale Daily News said "the faculty appeared sharply divided."

Yale historian Paula Hyman commented that the deep divisions in the appointment committee were the primary reasons that Cole was rejected: "There was also concern, aside from the process, about the nature of his blog and what it would be like to have a very divisive colleague." Yale political science professor Steven B. Smith commented, "It would be very comforting for Cole's supporters to think that this got steamrolled because of his controversial blog opinions. The blog opened people's eyes as to what was going on." Another Yale historian, John M. Merriman, said of Cole's rejection: "In this case, academic integrity clearly has been trumped by politics."

In an interview on Democracy Now!, Cole said that he had not applied for the post at Yale: "Some people at Yale asked if they could look at me for a senior appointment. I said, 'Look all you want.' So that's up to them. Senior professors are like baseball players. You're being looked at by other teams all the time. If it doesn't result in an offer, then nobody takes it seriously." He described the so-called "scandal" surrounding his nomination as "a tempest in a teapot" that had been exaggerated by "neo-con journalists": "Who knows what their hiring process is like, what things they were looking for?"

Selected bibliography

Monographs and edited works

Selected recent journal articles and book chapters

Reference:

  • "Islamophobia and American Foreign Policy Rhetoric: The Bush Years and After". In John L. Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin, eds., Islamophobia: the Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 127–142.
  • "Shi'ite Parties and the Democratic Process in Iraq". In Mary Ann Tetreault, Gwen Okruhlik, and Andrzej Kapiszewski, eds. Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition. (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2011). pp. 49–71.
  • "Notes on 'Iran Today.' Michigan Quarterly Review. (Winter, 2010), pp. 49–55.
  • "Playing Muslim: Bonaparte's Army of the Orient and Euro-Muslim Creolization". In David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmaniyam, eds., The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760-1840. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 125–143.
  • "Struggles over Personal Status and Family Laws in Post-Baathist Iraq". In Kenneth Cuno and Manisha Desai, eds., Family, Gender and Law in a Globalizing Middle East and South Asia (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009), pp. 105–125.
  • "Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the Twentieth Century". Macalester International, Volume 23 (Spring 2009): 3–23.
  • "The Taliban, Women and the Hegelian Private Sphere", in Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008), pp. 118–154 (revised version of Social Research article below.)
  • "Islamophobia and American Foreign Policy" Islamophobia and the Challenges of Pluralism in the 21st Century, (Washington, D.C.: ACMCU Occasional Papers, Georgetown University, 2008). Pp. 70–79.
  • "Marsh Arab Rebellion: Grievance, Mafias and Militias in Iraq", Fourth Wadie Jwaideh Memorial Lecture, (Bloomington, IN: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, Indiana University, 2008). pp. 1–31.
  • "The Decline of Grand Ayatollah Sistani's Influence". Die Friedens-Warte: Journal of International Peace and Organization. Vol. 82, nos.2–3 (2007): 67–83.
  • "Shia Militias in Iraqi Politics". In Markus Bouillon, David M. Malone and Ben Rowswell, eds., Iraq: Preventing a New Generation of Conflict (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner, 2007), pp. 109–123.
  • "Anti-Americanism: It's the Policies". AHR Forum : Historical Perspectives on Anti-Americanism. The American Historical Review, 111 (October, 2006): 1120–1129.
  • "The Rise of Religious and Ethnic Mass Politics in Iraq", in David Little and Donald K. Swearer, eds., Religion and Nationalism in Iraq: A Comparative Perspective (Cambridge, Mass.: Center for the Study of the World Religions/ Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 43–62.
  • "Muslim Religious Extremism in Egypt: A Historiographical Critique of Narratives", in Israel Gershoni, et al., eds. Middle East Historiographies: Narrating the Twentieth Century (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006), pp. 262–287.
  • "Of Crowds and Empires: Afro-Asian Riots and European Expansion, 1857–1882". In Fernando Coronil and Julie Skurski, eds. States of Violence. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006, pp. 269–305.
  • "Empires of Liberty? Democracy and Conquest in French Egypt, British Egypt and American Iraq". In Lessons of Empire: Imperial Histories and American Power. Ed. Calhoun, Craig, Frederick Cooper and Kevin W. Moore, eds. New York: The New Press, 2006. pp. 94–115. .
  • "A 'Shiite Crescent'? The Regional Impact of the Iraq War". Current History. (January 2006): 20–26.
  • Juan Cole et al., "A Shia Crescent: What Fallout for the U.S.?" Middle East Policy Volume XII, Winter 2005, Number 4, pp. 1–27. (Joint oral round table).
  • "The United States and Shi'ite Religious Factions in Post-Ba'thist Iraq", The Middle East Journal, Volume 57, Number 4, Autumn 2003, pp. 543–566.
  • "The Imagined Embrace: Gender, Identity and Iranian Ethnicity in Jahangiri Paintings". In Michel Mazzaoui, ed. Safavid Iran and her Neighbors (Salt Lake City: Utah University Press, 2003), pp. 49–62.
  • "Mad Sufis and Civic Courtesans: The French Republican Construction of Eighteenth-Century Egypt". In Irene Bierman, ed. Napoleon in Egypt. (London: Ithaca Press, 2003), pp. 47–62.
  • "Al-Tahtawi on Poverty and Welfare", in Michael Bonner, Mine Ener and Amy Singer, eds. Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003), pp. 223–238.

Translations

References

  1. Vaidhyanathan, Siva (2006-06-28). "Can Blogging Damage Your Career? The Lessons of Juan Cole". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Dead link; no archive located.
  2. http://events.umn.edu/event?occurrence=398490;event=114965 Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine Dead link at University of Minnesota Events web page.
  3. "Juan Cole Interview: Conversations with History; Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley". 2005. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
  4. They are: Letters and Essays 1886-1913 (Rasa'il va Raqa'im) of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1985); and Miracles and Metaphors (Ad-Durar al-bahiyyah) of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1982).
  5. ^ Momen, Moojan (2007). "Marginality and Apostasy in the Baháʼí Community". Religion. 37 (3): 187–209. doi:10.1016/j.religion.2007.06.008. S2CID 55630282.
  6. "Juan R. I. Cole Publications". Curriculum Vitae. Juan Cole's academic website. Retrieved 2006-05-28.
  7. "MESA Members » Juan Cole". mesana.org. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  8. Cole, Juan. "The Importance of Being Heard". MESA Newsletter. 28 (February 2006). Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  9. Faculty News and Awards Archived 2011-05-19 at the Wayback Machine, Department of History: University of Michigan, 2007
  10. "Staff and Board". NIAC. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  11. "Global Americana Institute". Global Americana Institute. 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  12. "Thomas Jefferson in Arabic". Dar al-Saqi. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  13. ""Blogging Current Affairs History", Journal of Contemporary History July 2011 vol. 46 no. 3 658-670". Contemporary History. 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  14. "The Case for Current Affairs History". Inside Higher Education. 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  15. Juan Cole's Senate Testimony Brief, United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, April 20, 2004.
  16. Curt Guyette, "The Blog of War", Metrotimes (25 August 2004).
  17. Daniel W. Drezner and Henry Farrell, "Web of Influence", Foreign Policy (November/December 2004).
  18. The Hotline: National Journal's Daily Briefing on Politics, Blogometer Profiles: Informed Comment Archived 2006-11-23 at the Wayback Machine, National Journal, October 2, 2006
  19. "Technorati blog ranking page". Technorati.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  20. "The Iran hawks". Salon.com. October 17, 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  21. Sullivan, Elizabeth (26 September 2002). "Iraq No Friend of al-Qaida, Experts Say". Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. A11.
  22. Blanford, Nicholas (9 September 2002). "Syria Worries U.S. Won't Stop at Iraq". Christian Science Monitor. p. 6.
  23. Cole, Juan (December 8, 2004). "Character Assassination". Informed Comment.
  24. "scroll down to the questions section". Mepc.org. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-28. at Middle East Policy Council.
  25. Karsh, Efraim. "Juan Cole's Bad blog". The New Republic (archived at Campus Watch).
  26. Cole, Juan (October 12, 2006). "Misplaced Pages, Karsh and Cole". Informed Comment.
  27. Sapienza, Jeremy, "Juan Cole's Conveniently Partisan Intervention Issues", Antiwar.com, August 23, 2011.
  28. Fathi, Nazila (October 30, 2005). "Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
  29. Hitchens, Christopher (May 2, 2006). "The Cole Report: When it comes to Iran, he distorts, you decide". Slate. Retrieved March 3, 2007.
  30. ^ Cole, Juan (May 3, 2006). "Hitchens the Hacker; And, Hitchens the Orientalist And, "We don't Want Your Stinking War!". Retrieved 2006-05-04.
  31. News Hits staff, Juan up, Metro Times, 5/10/2006
  32. Joel Mowbray, Hatchet man or scholar?, The Washington Times, May 22, 2006
  33. ^ Risen, James (2011-06-15) Ex-Spy Alleges Bush White House Sought to Discredit Critic, The New York Times
  34. Leibovitz, Liel. "Middle East Wars Flare Up At Yale" Archived 2006-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, The Jewish Week, 2006-06-02. Retrieved on 7 June 2006.
  35. ^ Goldberg, Ross (June 10, 2006). "Univ. denies Cole tenure". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on 2006-08-20. Retrieved 2006-06-10.
  36. Leibovitz, Liel (2 June 2006). "Middle East Wars Flare Up At Yale". The Jewish Week. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-07.
  37. David White, "Juan Cole and Yale: The Inside Story", Campus Watch, August 3, 2006.
  38. Philip Weiss, "Burning Cole", The Nation, July 3, 2006.
  39. "Hundreds of Thousands Rally in Iraq Against the War in Lebanon: Middle East Analyst Juan Cole on War in the Middle East - from Baghdad to Beirut" Archived 2006-11-30 at the Wayback Machine, Democracy Now, August 4, 2006
  40. (2012-06-15) Juan R. I. Cole Publications

External links

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