Jagdish Tytler: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 02:33, 18 December 2018 editHummerrocket (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers10,541 editsm Reverted edits by 2405:205:1487:11DF:18B2:FC7:1336:860C (talk) (HG) (3.4.6)Tags: Huggle Rollback ← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 04:07, 28 December 2024 edit undoRavensfire (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers88,557 editsNo edit summaryTag: Undo
(244 intermediate revisions by 77 users not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Indian politician}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| name = Jagdish Tytler		\| name = Jagdish Tytler
	\| image = Jagdish Tytler.jpg		\| image = Jagdish Tytler in Mumbai on January 6, 2005.jpg
	\| caption = ~~Jagdish~~ ~~Tytler~~ at ~~Manjeet~~ ~~Bullar~~ ~~Cavalry~~ ~~Gold~~ ~~Cup~~ ~~Polo~~ ~~2010~~		\| caption = Jagdish Tytler in 2005
			\| birth_name = Jagdish Kapoor
	\| birth_date ={{Birth date and age\|1944\|8\|17\|df=y}}
			\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1944\|08\|17\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place =], ], ]
			\| birth_place = ], ], ]<br> (now in ], ])
	\| residence = ]
			\| nationality = ]n
	\| death_date =
			\| residence = ]
	\| death_place =
			\| death_date =
	\| office = Minister of State
			\| death_place =
	\| term_start = 1991
			\| office = ]
	\| term_end = 1996
			\| term_start = {{Start date\|1991\|\|}}
	\| predecessor =
			\| term_end = {{end date\|1996\|\|}}
	\| successor =
			\| predecessor =
	\| party =]
	\| ~~known_for~~ =		\| successor =
			\| party = ]
	\| spouse =
	\| ~~children~~ =		\| known_for =
	\| ~~website~~ =		\| spouse =
	\| ~~footnotes~~ =		\| children =
	\| ~~years_active~~ =		\| website =
			\| footnotes =
			\| years_active =
	}}		}}
			'''Jagdish Tytler''' (born '''Jagdish Kapoor'''; 17 August 1944) is an Indian politician and former ]. He has held several government positions, the last being as ], a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry, known as the ].
	'''Jagdish Tytler''' (born 17 August 1944) is an ] politician and former ]. Jagdish Tytler has been accused of having a large role in the ] in India. He was the Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs, a position he resigned from after an official commission of inquiry (]) noted the 'balance of probability' indicated he was involved in inciting and leading murderous mobs against the ] community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the ], a charge he denies. On December 8, 2011, a leaked video showed Jagdish Tytler admitting to murdering 100 innocent Sikhs during the 1984 Sikh genocide carried out following the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He could also be seen pointing out that he lost the confidence of then Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh due to this reason.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://khalsaforce.in/five-video-clips-jagdish-tytlers-videos-confessing-murder-of-100-sikhs-made-public-by-manjit-singh-gk\|title=Five Video Clips {{!}} Jagdish Tytler’s videos confessing murder of 100 Sikhs made public by Manjit Singh GK {{!}} Khalsa Force\|date=2018-02-06\|work=Khalsa Force\|access-date=2018-05-14\|language=en-US}}</ref>

			The commission had noted that he "very probably" had a hand in organising attacks on the ] community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the ], ], during the ]. He has not been charged with any crimes related to those riots. Currently he is serving as permanent committee member of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee.
	== Early days ==
	Tytler was born as Jagdish Kapoor in ], ], to a Punjabi Hindu father and Sikh mother.<ref></ref>
	He was later brought up by eminent educationist ], the founder of many public schools including the ] and the ].<ref name="pib">{{cite web \|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 \|title=Bio-Data of Shri Jagdish Tytler \|publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> It is rumoured that upon his influence he converted to ] and changed his surname.<ref name="telegraph_1"> The Telegraph - 10 April. 2009. quote(final para): ''"He was later brought up by educationist Rev. James Douglas Tytler, the founder of Delhi Public School and several other schools, and converted to Christianity."''</ref> In 2011, his entry into the ]'s ] (which is reserved only for Hindus), caused a huge controversy in Orissa.<ref></ref> Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.<ref name=telegraph12></ref>

			Due to the controversy concerning his involvement in the riots, the Congress party dropped his name as the candidate for the ].<ref>, SAGE, p.95, Sanjay Kumar</ref>
	Active in the Congress' youth organisation and a "disciple" of ], he was first elected to the ] in 1980. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in 1991 and served as the Union ] for Surface Transport. In 2004, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.

	==~~1984~~ ~~Delhi~~ ~~Anti-Sikh~~ ~~Genocide~~==		== Early days ==
			Tytler was born on 17 August 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor to a Hindu father and Sikh mother in the ]i family of ] in ].<ref name="Bartrop">{{cite book \|author1=Bartrop, Paul R. \|author-link1=Paul R. Bartrop \|title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good \|date=2012 \|publisher=] \|isbn=978-0313386787 \|page=318 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55NPpA6EvyMC&pg=PA318 \|access-date=2 July 2019 \|quote=Jagdish Tytler is a former Indian federal minister accused in several official commissions with responsibility for facilitating murderous anti-Sikh riots and massacres in 1984 but subsequently cleared by police. He was born on January 11, 1944, as Jagdish Kapoor, in the city of Gujranwala, Punjab, to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother.}}</ref> He was brought up by the educationist ], the founder of many public schools including the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 \|title=Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628073826/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 \|archive-date=2004-06-28 \|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India \|date=14 July 2004}}</ref> In 2011, his entry into the ] at ], which is reserved only for Hindus, caused questions about his religion, to be raised in the ].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ruckus-in-orissa-assembly-over-tytler-s-jagannath-temple-visit-94812 \|title=Ruckus in Orissa assembly over Tytler's Jagannath Temple visit \|work=NDTV \|agency=PTI \|date=28 March 2011 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.<ref name=telegraph12>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/jagdish-tytler-clarifies-bjd-cries-riots-politics-over-temple-trip-takes-centre-stage-as-congress-leader-is-back-in-state/cid/420772\|title=Jagdish Tytler clarifies, BJD cries riots - Politics over temple trip takes centre stage as Congress leader is back in state\|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

			As a member of Congress' youth organization he was first elected to the ] in ]. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in ] and served as the Union ] for Surface Transport. In ], he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.<ref name="bio">{{cite web \|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=2942&lastls=14 \|title=Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile \|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
	The official report of the ] of the ] on the ] found 'credible evidence' against Tytler, saying he 'very probably' had a hand in organising the attacks. The Indian government, however, decided not to prosecute Jagdish Tytler due to lack of concrete evidence.

			==1984 anti-Sikh riots ==
	Tytler claimed innocence, and maintained that it was a case of mistaken identity. Tytler had not been named by eight earlier inquiry commissions set up to investigate the ]. On 10 August 2005, his resignation from the Union Council of Ministers was accepted by the ] on the recommendation of ], ].
			Tytler has been accused of involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, a charge that he denies. The riots had occurred after Sikh bodyguards ] Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tytler stated that he was present at ] for the funeral ceremony with Gandhi's body and was in mourning at the time when these events occurred at Gurudwara Pulbangash, situated near Azad Market.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014"/><ref name="IE_no_fresh_FIR">{{cite news \|title=No fresh FIR against Congress leader Jagdish Tytler, CBI tells Delhi court \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/influencing-witness-no-fresh-fir-against-jagdish-tytler-cbi-to-court/ \|access-date=19 January 2019 \|publisher=The Indian Express \|date=9 July 2015 \|language=en-IN}}</ref> He has not been charged with any crimes related to the 1984 riots.<ref name="no_charges">{{cite news \|title=Clips show Jagdish Tytler confessing about riots: Sikh leader \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms \|work=The Times of India \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206142547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms \|archive-date=6 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

	On April, 2004 the ~~] Party~~ announced ], Jagdish Tytler~~, ] and others allegedly involved in the anti-Sikh riots,~~ as its candidates for ] elections for constituencies in and around Delhi. Sajjan Kumar, R. K. Anand, Darshan Sharstri and H.K.L. Bhagat were accused by several independent commissions of inquiry of being complicit in the riots, including the People's Union for Civil Liberties, the People's Union for Democratic Rights and the ].		In April 2004, the Indian National Congress announced Jagdish Tytler as its candidates for ] elections for constituencies in and around Delhi.

			In 2019, Tytler said of the controversy surrounding the anti-Sikh riot accusations that {{blockquote\|I do not understand why is this controversy. There were 5,000 people at the function, I was one of them. There is no ] against me. CBI cleared me three times in its inquiry. You should ask the BJP if there is any FIR against me.<ref name="statement_FIR">{{cite news \|title=Sheila Dikshit backs Jagdish Tytler's presence at her charge taking ceremony amid attacks by AAP, BJP \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dikshit-backs-tytlers-presence-at-her-charge-taking-ceremony-amid-attacks-by-aap-bjp/articleshow/67559960.cms \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|work=The Times of India \|date=16 January 2019}}</ref> }}
	The G.T. ], which is now looking into the riots, continues to receive affidavits from victims with details of the activities of Sajjan, Anand and H.K.L. Bhagat. Tytler became minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, a post which he relinquished under duress, following the Nanavati Commission's report.

	===~~Remarks~~ ~~against Phoolka~~===		===Nanavati Commission===
			The report of the Nanavati Commission looking into the 1984 anti-Sikh riots said that Tytler "very probably" had a hand in organising the attacks. The then Congress-led ], however, decided not to prosecute him or anyone else named in the report due to lack of concrete evidence.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Indian politicians clash over report on anti-Sikh riots \|work=CBC News \|date=9 August 2005 \|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/indian-politicians-clash-over-report-on-anti-sikh-riots-1.519021 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

			Tytler, who had been appointed minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, claimed innocence, saying that it was a case of mistaken identity.{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}} He said he had not been in the area at the time and that eight earlier commissions of inquiry had exonerated him.<ref>{{cite news \|work=Rediff \|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/08nanavati2.htm \|title=I am innocent: Tytler \|date=8 August 2005 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 10 August 2005, he resigned from the Union Council of Ministers, stating that it was his "moral duty" to do so to prevent opposition parties making political capital out of the situation following release of the Nanavati report.<ref>{{cite news \|date=10 August 2005 \|title=Jagdish Tytler resigns from Union Cabinet \|work=Outlook \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/jagdish-tytler-resigns-from-union-cabinet/316159 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
	During an interview of Tytler and advocate ] on NDTV in 2004, Tytler had accused Phoolka of blackmailing him and demanding money from him.<ref>{{YouTube\|k8pu18lUh6s\|NDTV Interview of HS Phoolka and Jagdish Tytler}}</ref> Phoolka had filed the case at the ] court against Tytler accusing him of making defamatory remarks in programmes telecast on NDTV news channel. Harvinder Singh Phoolka, a senior advocate is noted for spearheading legal battle to gain justice for the victims of ].<ref></ref>

			===Defamation allegations===
	Recently, Tytler was granted bail in defamation case filed by Phoolka.<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421030016/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=758d6dce-1e0b-4899-8fb4-3d68e706aa63&Headline=Tytler%20granted%20bail%20in%20defamation%20case \|date=21 April 2009 }}</ref>
			In 2004, lawyer ] filed a case in the ] court against Tytler, accusing Tytler of defaming him during a television programme in the same year.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Tytler granted bail in defamation case \|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/tytler-granted-bail-in-defamation-case-44775-2009-04-18 \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=India Today \|date=18 April 2009}}</ref> Tytler had claimed that Phoolka is making money by blackmailing people.<ref></ref> In 2014, Phoolka declined an "unconditional apology" from Tytler as a proposed settlement.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler offers apology, H S Phoolka refuses \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-offers-apology-h-s-phoolka-refuses/articleshow/37647299.cms \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=The Economic Times \|date=2 July 2014}}</ref> The court framed charges against Tytler in 2015. As of July 2018, no verdict had been reached.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler withdraws plea in HC \|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-withdraws-plea-in-hc-118071201098_1.html \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=Business Standard \|date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

	In an interview to CNN-IBN, Justice Nanavati says the evidence against Jagdish Tytler is not that strong.<ref>{{YouTube\|kCMjTLNODCU\|Justice Nanavati talks to IBN-CNN}}</ref>

	=== Reopening of the case in 2007 ===		=== Reopening of the case in 2007 ===
			India's ] (CBI) closed all cases against Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of Indira Gandhi's assassination on 31 October 1984. The CBI submitted a report to the ] court which stated that no evidence or witness had been found to corroborate the allegations of instigating crowd during riot against Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220172927/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|url-status=dead\|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News\|archive-date=20 December 2007\|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7149322.stm \|title=Fresh probe into India politician \|work=BBC News \|date=18 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207115707/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|url-status=dead\|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News\|archive-date=7 February 2009\|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

			On 18 December 2007, the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of Delhi court, Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after the CBI's report to his court, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler relating to the riots.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1984-riots-CBI-to-re-investigate-Tytlers-role/articleshow/2630736.cms\|title=1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role \| India News - Times of India\|website=The Times of India\|date=18 December 2007 }}</ref>
	India's ] (CBI) closed all cases against Jagdish Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer ] against Sikhs in the aftermath of ]’s assassination on 31 October 1984. CBI submitted a report to the ] court which stated that no evidence or witness was found to corroborate the allegations against Tytler of leading murderous mobs during 1984<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220172927/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|date=20 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7149322.stm \|title=Fresh probe into India politician \|publisher=news.bb.co.uk \|date=18 December 2007}}</ref> It was also alleged in the court that then member of the ] Jagdish Tytler was complaining to his supporters about relatively "small" number of ] killed in his parliamentary constituency ], which in his opinion had undermined his position in the ruling ] party of ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207115707/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm \|date= 7 February 2009 }}</ref>

			===Clean chit by CBI ===
	However, in December 2007, a witness Jasbir Singh, who lives in ], appeared on several private television news channels in India, and stated that he was never contacted by ]. India's main opposition party ] (BJP) demanded an explanation from the minister in charge of CBI in ]. However, Minister of State for Personnel ], who is in charge of department of ], and was present in the parliament session refused to make a statement.<ref></ref>
			In March 2009, the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots cases and cleared Jagdish Tytler.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014">{{cite news \|title=Jagdish Tytler: My own daughter asks if I killed Sikhs \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|publisher=BBC \|date=19 February 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208214313/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 \|archive-date=8 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> The ] which was then in opposition alleged that "such a ] ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cbi-files-final-report-in-anti-sikh-riot-case-against-tytler-1243441 \|agency=PTI \|work=DNA \|title=CBI files final report in anti-Sikh riot case against Tytler \|date=28 March 2009 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 2 April, CBI claimed there was lack of sufficient evidence against Tytler and sought to close the riot case.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010" />

			On 7 April 2009, the then Home Minister, ], had ] by ], a Sikh journalist, during a press conference in Delhi. Singh, who works at the ] daily '']'', was dissatisfied with Chidambaram's answer to a question about the "clean chit" given to Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/Journalist-throws-shoe-at-Chidambaram/videoshow/4369344.cms\|title=Journalist throws shoe at Chidambaram \| News - Times of India Videos ►\|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
	On 18 December 2007, ''Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate'' of ] court Mr. Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after ] submitted a misleading report in his court; ordered ]'s ] to reopen cases relating to ] against Jagdish Tytler.<ref></ref>

			In 2010, CBI reiterated the clean chit to Tytler.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010">{{cite news \|title=CBI reiterates clean chit to Tytler \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/CBI-reiterates-clean-chit-to-Tytler/article16813661.ece \|access-date=19 January 2019 \|work=The Hindu \|date=10 February 2010 \|language=en-IN}}</ref>
	=== December 2008 ===

			===Denial of Lok Sabha ticket===
	In December 2008, a two-member CBI team was sent to New York to record the statements of two eyewitnesses, Jasbir Singh and Surinder Singh. The two witnesses have stated that they saw Jagdish Tytler lead a mob during the riots, but did not want to come to India as they feared for their security.<ref></ref>
			After the shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and Sajjan Kumar as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200904091817.htm\|title=Congress drops Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar\|access-date=19 April 2009\|archive-date=4 November 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104055357/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200904091817.htm\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the ] and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Sheila-shooed-me-out-says-Tytler/articleshow/4387480.cms\|title=Sheila shooed me out, says Tytler\|date=11 April 2009\|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

	==~~"Clean~~ ~~chit" by~~ CBI in ~~2009~~ ==		===Reiteration of CBI clean chit in 2010===
			In February 2010, at a Delhi court before Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Rakesh Pandit, the CBI concluded its arguments stating that the witness’ statements were "false and concocted", CBI supported its closure report that gave a clean chit to Tytler in the riots case. The CBI prosecutor stated that "The version of (witness) Jasbir Singh is absolutely false and concocted. He has made statements with an intention to falsely implicate Tytler."<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/> CBI had examined another witness Surender Singh and his family members who stated that the statements of the witness were not correct. CBI had produced a CD before the court to prove that Tytler was not at the location of riot but was present at the residence of Indira Gandhi.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/>
	In March 2009, when the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots case involving Jagdish Tytler, the ] spokesman Prakash Javadekar alleged that "such a ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused. Hundreds of Sikh protestors gathered outside the Karkardooma courts and raised slogans against Tytler and other Congress party senior leaders allegedly involved in the riots.<ref name="pti_march_2009">{{dead link\|date=January 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}. Press Trust of India.</ref>

			=== CBI Closure reports and Court decisions to continue CBI Probes ===
	===Shoe throwing incident instigated by clean chit to Tytler===
			In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sessions-court-rejects-cbis-clean-chit-to-tytler/article4602471.ece \|title=Sessions court rejects CBI's clean chit to Tytler \|work=The Hindu \|date=10 April 2013}}</ref> Witnesses in the subsequent investigation have included ]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tytler-clean-chit-meeting-manmohan-arms-dealer-abhishek-verma-255509-2015-06-04\|title=Tytler got clean chit after meeting Manmohan, claims arms dealer\|location=Delhi \|date=June 4, 2015\|website=India Today}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/1984-riots-amitabh-bachchan-denies-jagdish-tytlers-alibi-cbi-tells-court-768851\|title=1984 Riots: Amitabh Bachchan Says He Can't Recall Jagdish Tytler at Delhi's Teen Murti\|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
	On 7 April 2009, India's home minister ] had ] by ], a ] journalist during a press conference in ] on the issuance of a "clean chit" to Jagdish Tytler. Singh, who works at the ] daily '']'' was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the ]'s (CBI) clean chit to Jagdish Tytler on the ] case.<ref></ref>

			CBI filed its third closure report in 2014 (earlier closure reports were filed in 2007 and 2009).<ref></ref> However Delhi's Karkardooma courts rejected the third CBI closure report on 4 December 2015, due to protest petition by Lakhwinder Kaur, and asked the CBI to continue its probe.
	===Denial of Lok Sabha ticket===
	After this shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and ] as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009.<ref></ref> Jadgish Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed "the ]" and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.<ref></ref>

			In 2016, CBI questions Tytler for 4 hours.<ref></ref>
	=== 2013 Sessions Court decision ===
	In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler.<ref>. The Hindu, 10 April 2013
	</ref>

			===Advocate HS Phoolka's resolve===
	=== 2015 ACMM Court decision to examine Abhishek Verma and Amitabh Bachchan as witnesses ===
			{{main\|H. S. Phoolka}}
	Tytler's erstwhile good friend, High-profile arms dealer ] is the main witness in ] against Tytler. Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate (ACMM) Karkardooma Court Judge S.P.S.Laler in December 2015 directed the CBI to record Abhishek's testimony as witness# 8 in this case against Tytler.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tytler-clean-chit-meeting-manmohan-arms-dealer-abhishek-verma/1/442072.html\|title=Abhishek Verma testimony to be recorded.\|last=\|first=\|date=\|work=\|access-date=\|via=}}</ref> The other high-profile witness in this case is ].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/1984-riots-amitabh-bachchan-denies-jagdish-tytlers-alibi-cbi-tells-court-768851\|title=Amitabh Bachchan witness in Tytler case\|last=\|first=\|date=\|work=\|access-date=\|via=}}</ref>
			Senior advocate and activist HS Phoolka, who has strived to seek punishment for the accused in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots claimed in 2016 that CBI is shielding Jagdish Tytler, and that Akali Dal-BJP government is doing everything possible to protect Tytler.<ref></ref>
			He stated on 4 December 2019 that "After sending ] to prison, I will now ensure to send ] and Tytler to jail."<ref></ref>

			=== Akali Dal's Proposed Resolution for Tytler's arrest in Punjab Assembly ===
	==See also==
			In November 2021, the Shirimani Akali Dal president Sukhbir Singh that his party will move a resolution in the upcoming Punjab Assembly session seeking Tytler's arrest.<ref></ref> Responding to that ], Congress MLA from Sonkatch commented that "SAD does not have faith in court. It tries to become judge and pronounce judgement".<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/shiromani-akali-dal-does-not-have-faith-in-courts-says-congress-leader-on-tytler-issue20211106221135/, \|title=ANI, Nov 6, 2021 \|access-date=24 December 2021 \|archive-date=6 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106171000/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/shiromani-akali-dal-does-not-have-faith-in-courts-says-congress-leader-on-tytler-issue20211106221135/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	* ]

	* ]
			=== Personal life ===
	* ]
			He is married to Jennifer, daughter of a Scottish mother and an Irish father, born in Delhi, who is the principal of the J D Tytler School. They have a son, Siddhartha and a daughter.<ref></ref> His son Siddhartha is a fashion designer.<ref></ref>
	* ]

	* ]
			Jagdish Tytler was raised by a Christian minister, however he identifies himself as a Hindu. In 2011 his visit to the Jagannath Puri temple created a controversy because non-Hindus are prohibited from entering the temple. Tytler claimed that he is a Hindu and had visited the Puri temple four times in the past.<ref></ref>
	* ]

	==References==		==References==
			{{reflist}}
	<references />

			==Further reading==
			*{{cite news \|title=Jagdish Tytler: A Recap \|first=Sundeep \|last=Dougal \|date=10 April 2013 \|work=Outlook \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/jagdish-tytler-a-recap/2961 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

	==External links==		==External links==
	{{commons category}}		{{commons category}}
			* {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412141240/http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/200508/P1_arun2.htm \|date=12 April 2009 }}, After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report
	* ] Representative ] in ].]

	* Jagdish Tytler
			{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
	* - ] article dated 8 August 2005
			{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
	*
	* {{YouTube\|N16XrqWkLbE\|NDTV X-Factor discussion about involvement of HKL Bhagat, Tytler, Sajjan Kumar and Congress Party in 1984 riots}}
	* , After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report
	*{{YouTube\|k8pu18lUh6s\|NDTV Interview of HS Phoolka and Jagdish Tytler}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Tytler, Jagdish}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Tytler, Jagdish}}
Line 103:		Line 108:
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

Latest revision as of 04:07, 28 December 2024

Indian politician

Jagdish Tytler
Jagdish Tytler in 2005

Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs
In office 1991 (1991)–1996 (1996)

Personal details
Born	Jagdish Kapoor (1944-08-17) 17 August 1944 (age 80) Gujranwala, Punjab, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Residence	New Delhi

Jagdish Tytler (born Jagdish Kapoor; 17 August 1944) is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament. He has held several government positions, the last being as Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Overseas Indian Affairs, a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry, known as the Nanavati Commission.

The commission had noted that he "very probably" had a hand in organising attacks on the Sikh community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. He has not been charged with any crimes related to those riots. Currently he is serving as permanent committee member of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee.

Due to the controversy concerning his involvement in the riots, the Congress party dropped his name as the candidate for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.

Early days

Tytler was born on 17 August 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor to a Hindu father and Sikh mother in the Punjabi family of Gujranwala in British India. He was brought up by the educationist James Douglas Tytler, the founder of many public schools including the Delhi Public School and the Summer Fields School. In 2011, his entry into the Jagannath Temple at Puri, which is reserved only for Hindus, caused questions about his religion, to be raised in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.

As a member of Congress' youth organization he was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in 1991 and served as the Union Minister of State for Surface Transport. In 2004, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.

1984 anti-Sikh riots

Tytler has been accused of involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, a charge that he denies. The riots had occurred after Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tytler stated that he was present at Teen Murti Bhavan for the funeral ceremony with Gandhi's body and was in mourning at the time when these events occurred at Gurudwara Pulbangash, situated near Azad Market. He has not been charged with any crimes related to the 1984 riots.

In April 2004, the Indian National Congress announced Jagdish Tytler as its candidates for Indian Parliament elections for constituencies in and around Delhi.

In 2019, Tytler said of the controversy surrounding the anti-Sikh riot accusations that

I do not understand why is this controversy. There were 5,000 people at the function, I was one of them. There is no FIR against me. CBI cleared me three times in its inquiry. You should ask the BJP if there is any FIR against me.

Nanavati Commission

The report of the Nanavati Commission looking into the 1984 anti-Sikh riots said that Tytler "very probably" had a hand in organising the attacks. The then Congress-led Government of India, however, decided not to prosecute him or anyone else named in the report due to lack of concrete evidence.

Tytler, who had been appointed minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, claimed innocence, saying that it was a case of mistaken identity. He said he had not been in the area at the time and that eight earlier commissions of inquiry had exonerated him. On 10 August 2005, he resigned from the Union Council of Ministers, stating that it was his "moral duty" to do so to prevent opposition parties making political capital out of the situation following release of the Nanavati report.

Defamation allegations

In 2004, lawyer H. S. Phoolka filed a case in the Ludhiana court against Tytler, accusing Tytler of defaming him during a television programme in the same year. Tytler had claimed that Phoolka is making money by blackmailing people. In 2014, Phoolka declined an "unconditional apology" from Tytler as a proposed settlement. The court framed charges against Tytler in 2015. As of July 2018, no verdict had been reached.

Reopening of the case in 2007

India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) closed all cases against Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of Indira Gandhi's assassination on 31 October 1984. The CBI submitted a report to the Delhi court which stated that no evidence or witness had been found to corroborate the allegations of instigating crowd during riot against Tytler.

On 18 December 2007, the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of Delhi court, Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after the CBI's report to his court, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler relating to the riots.

Clean chit by CBI

In March 2009, the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots cases and cleared Jagdish Tytler. The BJP which was then in opposition alleged that "such a clean chit ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused. On 2 April, CBI claimed there was lack of sufficient evidence against Tytler and sought to close the riot case.

On 7 April 2009, the then Home Minister, P. Chidambaram, had a shoe thrown at him by Jarnail Singh, a Sikh journalist, during a press conference in Delhi. Singh, who works at the Hindi daily Dainik Jagran, was dissatisfied with Chidambaram's answer to a question about the "clean chit" given to Tytler.

In 2010, CBI reiterated the clean chit to Tytler.

Denial of Lok Sabha ticket

After the shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and Sajjan Kumar as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009. Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the Shiromani Akali Dal and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.

Reiteration of CBI clean chit in 2010

In February 2010, at a Delhi court before Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Rakesh Pandit, the CBI concluded its arguments stating that the witness’ statements were "false and concocted", CBI supported its closure report that gave a clean chit to Tytler in the riots case. The CBI prosecutor stated that "The version of (witness) Jasbir Singh is absolutely false and concocted. He has made statements with an intention to falsely implicate Tytler." CBI had examined another witness Surender Singh and his family members who stated that the statements of the witness were not correct. CBI had produced a CD before the court to prove that Tytler was not at the location of riot but was present at the residence of Indira Gandhi.

CBI Closure reports and Court decisions to continue CBI Probes

In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler. Witnesses in the subsequent investigation have included Abhishek Verma and Amitabh Bachchan.

CBI filed its third closure report in 2014 (earlier closure reports were filed in 2007 and 2009). However Delhi's Karkardooma courts rejected the third CBI closure report on 4 December 2015, due to protest petition by Lakhwinder Kaur, and asked the CBI to continue its probe.

In 2016, CBI questions Tytler for 4 hours.

Advocate HS Phoolka's resolve

Main article: H. S. Phoolka

Senior advocate and activist HS Phoolka, who has strived to seek punishment for the accused in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots claimed in 2016 that CBI is shielding Jagdish Tytler, and that Akali Dal-BJP government is doing everything possible to protect Tytler. He stated on 4 December 2019 that "After sending Sajjan Kumar to prison, I will now ensure to send Kamal Nath and Tytler to jail."

Akali Dal's Proposed Resolution for Tytler's arrest in Punjab Assembly

In November 2021, the Shirimani Akali Dal president Sukhbir Singh that his party will move a resolution in the upcoming Punjab Assembly session seeking Tytler's arrest. Responding to that Sajjan Singh Verma, Congress MLA from Sonkatch commented that "SAD does not have faith in court. It tries to become judge and pronounce judgement".

Personal life

He is married to Jennifer, daughter of a Scottish mother and an Irish father, born in Delhi, who is the principal of the J D Tytler School. They have a son, Siddhartha and a daughter. His son Siddhartha is a fashion designer.

Jagdish Tytler was raised by a Christian minister, however he identifies himself as a Hindu. In 2011 his visit to the Jagannath Puri temple created a controversy because non-Hindus are prohibited from entering the temple. Tytler claimed that he is a Hindu and had visited the Puri temple four times in the past.

References

Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi: From Caste to Class, SAGE, p.95, Sanjay Kumar
Bartrop, Paul R. (2012). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good. ABC-CLIO. p. 318. ISBN 978-0313386787. Retrieved 2 July 2019. Jagdish Tytler is a former Indian federal minister accused in several official commissions with responsibility for facilitating murderous anti-Sikh riots and massacres in 1984 but subsequently cleared by police. He was born on January 11, 1944, as Jagdish Kapoor, in the city of Gujranwala, Punjab, to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother.
"Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 14 July 2004. Archived from the original on 28 June 2004.
"Ruckus in Orissa assembly over Tytler's Jagannath Temple visit". NDTV. PTI. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Jagdish Tytler clarifies, BJD cries riots - Politics over temple trip takes centre stage as Congress leader is back in state". www.telegraphindia.com.
"Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha Secretariat. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
^ "Jagdish Tytler: My own daughter asks if I killed Sikhs". BBC. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"No fresh FIR against Congress leader Jagdish Tytler, CBI tells Delhi court". The Indian Express. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
"Clips show Jagdish Tytler confessing about riots: Sikh leader". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"Sheila Dikshit backs Jagdish Tytler's presence at her charge taking ceremony amid attacks by AAP, BJP". The Times of India. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"Indian politicians clash over report on anti-Sikh riots". CBC News. 9 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"I am innocent: Tytler". Rediff. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Jagdish Tytler resigns from Union Cabinet". Outlook. 10 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Tytler granted bail in defamation case". India Today. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
Court frames charges against Tytler, The Hindu, March 3, 2015
"Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler offers apology, H S Phoolka refuses". The Economic Times. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler withdraws plea in HC". Business Standard. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News". www.tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007.
"Fresh probe into India politician". BBC News. 18 December 2007.
"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News". www.tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009.
"1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 December 2007.
"CBI files final report in anti-Sikh riot case against Tytler". DNA. PTI. 28 March 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
^ "CBI reiterates clean chit to Tytler". The Hindu. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
"Journalist throws shoe at Chidambaram | News - Times of India Videos ►". The Times of India.
"Congress drops Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
"Sheila shooed me out, says Tytler". The Economic Times. 11 April 2009.
"Sessions court rejects CBI's clean chit to Tytler". The Hindu. 10 April 2013.
"Tytler got clean chit after meeting Manmohan, claims arms dealer". India Today. Delhi. 4 June 2015.
"1984 Riots: Amitabh Bachchan Says He Can't Recall Jagdish Tytler at Delhi's Teen Murti". NDTV.com.
Security of witness against Tytler reinstated, Tribune India, Aug 19, 2020
CBI Examines Jagdish Tytler In Connection With 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, Outlook India, Nov 22, 2016
H S Phoolka: CBI shielding Tytler in 1984 riots case, Mumbai Mirror, Oct 24, 2016
Fight not over, will ensure Kamal Nath, Tytler go to jail: Phoolka
Akalis to move resolution against Tytler's appointment to Delhi Congress Committee, New Indian Express, Nov 6, 2021
"ANI, Nov 6, 2021". Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
Support system, Telegraph, 01.04.06
I have a much bolder, stronger woman with more adventurous mentally: Designer Siddartha Tytler, The Daily Guardian, August 12, 2021
I am a Hindu, roars Tytler, Siraj Muhammad, March 20, 2011

External links

antisystemic.org Archived 12 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report

Energy ministries and departments of India

Power

Statutory bodies	Central Electricity Authority Central Electricity Regulatory Commission Bureau of Energy Efficiency Damodar Valley Corporation
Autonomous bodies	Central Power Research Institute National Power Training Institute
PSUs	NTPC Limited NHPC Limited North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited Power Finance Corporation REC Limited Power Grid Corporation of India THDC India Limited Power System Operation Corporation

New and
Renewable Energy

Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI)

Ministry of Coal

Petroleum and
Natural Gas

Academic	Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University
Other	Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Oil Industry Safety Directorate Petroleum Conservation Research Association
Operational	Balmer Lawrie Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Bharat Petroleum Engineers India Limited Gas Authority of India Limited Indian Oil Corporation Numaligarh Refinery Limited Oil India Limited Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Hindustan Petroleum
Defunct	Biecco Lawrie
Other	Strategic Petroleum Reserve

Department of
Atomic Energy

Apex board	Atomic Energy Commission
Regulatory board	Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
R&D	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership
PSUs	Electronics Corporation of India Indian Rare Earths Limited Uranium Corporation of India Nuclear Power Corporation of India Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited
Industrial	Heavy Water Board Nuclear Fuel Complex Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
Academic	National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar National Board for Higher Mathematics Atomic Energy Education Society Tata Memorial Centre Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Institute of Physics Harish-Chandra Research Institute Institute of Mathematical Sciences Institute for Plasma Research

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)

Organizations

Directorates	Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Attached offices	Bureau of Civil Aviation Security Commission of Railway Safety Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau
Autonomous bodies	Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Academy
Statutory bodies	Airports Authority of India