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{{Short description|American businesswoman and politician (born 1954)}} | ||
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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
|name = Carly Fiorina | |name = Carly Fiorina | ||
|image = Carly Fiorina 2017 CPAC by Gage Skidmore.jpg | |image = Carly Fiorina 2017 CPAC by Gage Skidmore.jpg | ||
|caption = Fiorina |
|caption = Fiorina in February 2017 | ||
|birth_name = Cara Carleton Sneed | |birth_name = Cara Carleton Sneed | ||
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|9|6}} | |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|9|6}} | ||
|birth_place = ], U.S. | |birth_place = ], U.S. | ||
|death_date = |
|death_date = | ||
|death_place = |
|death_place = | ||
|party = ] | |party = ] | ||
|spouse |
| spouse = {{plainlist| | ||
* Todd Bartlem (1977–1984) | |||
* {{marriage|Frank Fiorina|1985}} | |||
}} | |||
|children = 2 | |||
|relatives = ] ( |
|children = 2 stepdaughters | ||
|relatives = ] (father) | |||
|education = ] (])<br>]<br>] (])<br>] (]) | |education = ] (])<br>]<br>] (])<br>] (]) | ||
| occupation = {{hlist|Businesswoman|politician|financier|broker}} | |||
|net_worth = $59 million (2015)<ref>{{cite news |first=Rebecca |last=Ballhaus |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/carly-fiorina-and-her-husband-have-59-million-net-worth-1433388117 |title= Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have $59 Million Net Worth |work=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 4, 2015 |accessdate=24 April 2017 }}</ref> | |||
| organization = ] | |||
⚫ | |website = {{ |
||
| boards = ] | |||
⚫ | |website = {{URL|CarlyFiorina.com|Campaign website}} | ||
|signature = Carly-Fiorina-signature.png | |signature = Carly-Fiorina-signature.png | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina''' ( |
'''Cara Carleton''' "'''Carly'''" '''Fiorina''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|iː|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n|ə}}; {{nee|'''Sneed'''}}; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician, known primarily for her tenure as ] (CEO) of ] (HP) from 1999 to 2005. Fiorina was the first woman to lead a '']'' Top-20 company.<ref name=Sellers09>{{cite news|last1=Sellers|first1=Patricia|title=Behind Fortune's Most Powerful Women|url=http://fortune.com/2009/03/23/behind-fortunes-most-powerful-women/|access-date=April 1, 2015|work=Fortune|date=March 23, 2009}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina started her career at ] and subsequently worked at ], where she led the joint venture with ]. | |||
Fiorina ran unsuccessfully for the ] in 2010 and the ] in 2016. | |||
In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival ] manufacturer, ]. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The H-P/Compaq Union, From Controversy to Success|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2007/08/16/the-h-pcompaq-union-from-controversy-to-success/ |website = WSJ Blogs – Deal Journal |date = August 16, 2007|access-date = October 8, 2015|first = Stephen|last = Grocer}}</ref><ref>Bagley, Constance. '''', p. 599 (Cengage Learning 2015).</ref> HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. Nonetheless, the number of employees exceeded the pre-merger figure and grew to 150,000 during her tenure.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Carly Fiorina: Secretary to CEO|url = http://www.FromSecretarytoCEO.com |website = Carly Fiorina: Secretary to CEO| access-date = January 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Farley/><ref name="Goldman">Goldman, David. , ] (September 21, 2015): "She has also noted{{snd}}correctly{{snd}}that despite bruising layoffs, she hired more people than she fired. HP and Compaq had a combined 148,100 employees just before she was hired in 1999, and 150,000 by the time she was fired in 2005."</ref> In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=PuiWing/><ref name=Burrows/> She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization ].<ref> NBC, September 13, 2013</ref><ref> October 8, 2014, Forbes</ref> | |||
Fiorina was an adviser to ] ]'s ]. In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the ], but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat ].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate California|url=http://elections.nbcnews.com/ns/politics/2010/california/senate/| |
Fiorina was an adviser to ] ]'s ]. In ], she won the Republican nomination for the ], but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat ].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate California|url=http://elections.nbcnews.com/ns/politics/2010/california/senate/|work=ABC News|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-date=May 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510025511/http://elections.nbcnews.com/ns/politics/2010/california/senate/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKinley|first=Jesse|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/03/us/politics/03calif.html|title=In California, Boxer Wins Senate Race, and Brown Is Leading for Governor|date=November 3, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 3, 2010}}</ref> Fiorina was ] in the ], and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of ] until he suspended his ]. In ], Fiorina endorsed the ] of Democrat ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stankiewicz |first=Kevin |title='Character counts' — Carly Fiorina, GOP presidential candidate in 2016, explains why she'll vote for Biden |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/24/ex-gop-presidential-candidate-carly-fiorina-on-her-vote-for-joe-biden.html |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=CNBC |date=September 24, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in ], the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and ].<ref name="bookref1">{{cite book |last=Fiorina |first=Carly |title=Tough Choices: a memoir |publisher=Portfolio |year=2006 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/toughchoices000carl/page/1 |isbn=159184133X }}</ref> The name "Carleton", from which "Carly" is derived, has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the ].<ref name=Ward2002June>{{cite magazine|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=June 2002|first=Vicky|last=Ward|title=The Battle for Hewlett-Packard}}</ref> At the time of her birth, Fiorina's father was a professor at the ].<ref name="9thcircuit">{{cite web | url=http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2008/02/12/COAJudgeSneedPassing.pdf | title=Court of Appeals Mourns Loss of Senior Circuit Judge Joseph T. Sneed | publisher=United States Courts for the 9th Circuit | date=February 13, 2008 | access-date=August 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="sjmercobit">{{cite news | url=http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_8280583 | title=Joseph Sneed, judge, father of Carly Fiorina | work=San Jose Mercury News | date=February 16, 2008 | access-date=August 12, 2015 | author=Connie Skipitares}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Egelko|first=Bob|date=February 14, 2008|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/02/14/BAVIV1OI4.DTL|title=Joseph Sneed dies – longtime 9th Circuit judge}}</ref> He would later become dean of ], ], and judge on the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=2234&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|title=History of the Federal Judiciary|publisher=fjc.gov}}</ref> Her mother was an ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/28/us/carly-fiorina-fast-facts/|title=Carly Fiorina Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=August 28, 2015}}</ref> She is mainly of English and ] ancestry,<ref name=nyt>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/magazine/06Fiorina-t.html|title=Carly Fiorina Means Business|newspaper=]|date=June 2, 2010|access-date=May 8, 2015|last=Bruni|first=Frank}}</ref> and was raised Episcopalian.<ref name=nyt/> Her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, ], was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the ] in ], which is listed on the ]. | |||
Carly was a ] but did not become a ] due to her family's frequent moves.<ref>{{cite AV media | Carly was a ] but did not become a ] due to her family's frequent moves.<ref>{{cite AV media | ||
| people = Carly Fiorina, Marilinda J. Garcia, Ovide M. Lamontagne | | people = Carly Fiorina, Marilinda J. Garcia, Ovide M. Lamontagne | ||
| date = 2016 |
| date = February 6, 2016 | ||
| title = Presidential Candidate Carly Fiorina Town Hall Meeting in Goffstown, New Hampshire | |||
| url = http://www.c-span.org/video/?404326-1/carly-fiorina-town-hall-meeting-goffstown-new-hampshire | | url = http://www.c-span.org/video/?404326-1/carly-fiorina-town-hall-meeting-goffstown-new-hampshire | ||
| access-date = 2016 |
| access-date = February 6, 2016 | ||
| publisher = ] | |||
}} (audience member asks whether she'd been a Girl Scout after photography session)</ref> She attended ], in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#ascent-at-at&t|title=Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader, U.S. Representative (1954–)|publisher=biography.com}}</ref> graduating from ] in ]. At one time she aspired to be a classical ].<ref name="Sellers2015">{{Cite web | title = How Carly Fiorina got famous| author = Patricia Sellers| work = Fortune| date = May 4, 2015| |
}} (audience member asks whether she'd been a Girl Scout after photography session)</ref> She attended ], in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#ascent-at-at&t|title=Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader, U.S. Representative (1954–)|publisher=biography.com|access-date=May 11, 2015|archive-date=April 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427030757/http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#ascent-at-at&t|url-status=dead}}</ref> graduating from ] in ]. At one time she aspired to be a classical ].<ref name="Sellers2015">{{Cite web | title = How Carly Fiorina got famous| author = Patricia Sellers| work = Fortune| date = May 4, 2015| access-date = August 7, 2015| url = http://fortune.com/2015/05/04/carly-fiorina-famous-president/| quote = For a time she dreamed of being a classical pianist.}}</ref> She received a ] in philosophy and medieval history at ], in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/05/03/403605737/5-things-you-should-know-about-carly-fiorina|title=5 Things You Should Know About Carly Fiorina|date=May 3, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015|last=Naylor|first=Brian|publisher=NPR}}</ref> She attended the ] in 1976, but dropped out<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/ucla04.html |title=HP Carly Fiorina Speech: UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science Commencement Address |publisher=Hewlett-Packard |date=June 19, 2004 |access-date=April 1, 2015|last=Fiorina|first=Carly}}</ref> after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, ], moving up to a broker position. When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to ], ], where he was doing graduate work;<ref>{{Cite news|title = For Carly Fiorina, Peripatetic Childhood Helped Build Worldview|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/us/politics/carly-fiorina-presidential-election.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = November 26, 2015|access-date = December 3, 2015|issn = 0362-4331|first = Jason|last = Horowitz}}</ref> there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen.<ref name="nyt" /><ref>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', p. 21.</ref> | ||
In 1980, Fiorina received a ], in marketing, from the ] at the ]. In 1989 she obtained a ] |
In 1980, Fiorina received a ], in marketing, from the ] at the ]. In 1989 she obtained a ] degree in management from the ], under the ] program.<ref>{{cite web |first=Robert C. |last=Merton |url=http://mitsloan.mit.edu/mba/program-components/core-values/notable-alumni/?alumni/notable.php |title=Notable Alumni | MIT Sloan MBA |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |access-date=May 8, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505021041/http://mitsloan.mit.edu/mba/program-components/core-values/notable-alumni/?alumni%2Fnotable.php |archive-date=May 5, 2015 }}</ref> | ||
==Business career== | ==Business career== | ||
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===AT&T and Lucent=== | ===AT&T and Lucent=== | ||
{{See also|Lucent Technologies}} | {{See also|Lucent Technologies}} | ||
In 1980, Fiorina joined ] as a management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies.<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998">{{cite news |last1=Sellers |first1=Patricia |last2=Daniels |first2=Cora |date=October 12, 1998 |title=The 50 Most Powerful Women In American Business In an age of celebrity, it may surprise you that our No. 1 woman is someone you've never heard of. |url= |
In 1980, Fiorina joined ] as a management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies.<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998">{{cite news |last1=Sellers |first1=Patricia |last2=Daniels |first2=Cora |date=October 12, 1998 |title=The 50 Most Powerful Women In American Business In an age of celebrity, it may surprise you that our No. 1 woman is someone you've never heard of. |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/10/12/249284/index.htm |newspaper=Fortune |location=New York |access-date=August 21, 2015 }}</ref> In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division,<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/> eventually heading its North American operations.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/features/2015-04-30/what-brought-carly-fiorina-down-at-hp-is-her-greatest-2016-asset|title=What Brought Carly Fiorina Down at HP Is Her Greatest 2016 Asset|last=Henneberger|first=Melinda|work=]|date=April 30, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a ] from AT&T of its ] and ] divisions into a new company.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina">{{cite news |title=Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader (1954–) |url=http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#synopsis |newspaper=] |location=Newark, New Jersey |access-date=August 21, 2015}}</ref> In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive ].<ref>{{cite press release|title= Systems and technology company headquarters, top execs announced|date=November 20, 1995}}</ref> She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 ] of a successful stock and company launch strategy.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999">{{cite news |last=Peter Burrows |first=Peter Elstrom |date=August 2, 1999 |title=HP's Carly Fiorina: The Boss |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_31/b3640001.htm |newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek |location=New York |access-date=August 14, 2015 |quote=Fiorina managed the highly successful spin-off of Lucent in 1996.}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite press release| title = Fiorina to Head Consumer Products Business for Lucent Technologies| author = Lucent Technologies| work = EETimes| date = October 15, 1996| |
In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a ] from AT&T of its ] and ] divisions into a new company.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina">{{cite news |title=Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader (1954–) |url=http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#synopsis |newspaper=] |location=Newark, New Jersey |access-date=August 21, 2015 |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427030757/http://www.biography.com/people/carly-fiorina-9542210#synopsis |url-status=dead }}</ref> In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive ].<ref>{{cite press release|title= Systems and technology company headquarters, top execs announced|date=November 20, 1995}}</ref> She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 ] of a successful stock and company launch strategy.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999">{{cite news |last=Peter Burrows |first=Peter Elstrom |date=August 2, 1999 |title=HP's Carly Fiorina: The Boss |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_31/b3640001.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991013034137/http://businessweek.com/1999/99_31/b3640001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 13, 1999 |newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek |location=New York |access-date=August 14, 2015 |quote=Fiorina managed the highly successful spin-off of Lucent in 1996.}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite press release| title = Fiorina to Head Consumer Products Business for Lucent Technologies| author = Lucent Technologies| work = EETimes| date = October 15, 1996| access-date = August 7, 2015| url = http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1209221}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=AT&T announces board members, SEC filing for new company|date=February 5, 1996}}</ref> The spin-off became one of the most successful IPOs in U.S. history, raising {{USD|link=yes}}3 billion.<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998"/><ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina"/> | ||
Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's {{USD}}19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/><ref>{{cite press release|title=Lucent Technologies appoints chief operating officers, organizes business around fastest growth opportunities|date=October 23, 1997}}</ref> That year, Fiorina chaired a {{USD}}2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and ], under the name ] (PCC).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burrows|first1=Peter|title=Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn= |
Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's {{USD}}19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/><ref>{{cite press release|title=Lucent Technologies appoints chief operating officers, organizes business around fastest growth opportunities|date=October 23, 1997}}</ref> That year, Fiorina chaired a {{USD}}2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and ], under the name ] (PCC).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burrows|first1=Peter|title=Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0471267652|page=103}}</ref><ref name="pcc1997">{{Cite press release| title = Philips And Lucent Complete PCC Joint Venture| agency = PR Newswire| date = October 1, 1997| access-date = August 7, 2015| url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/philips-and-lucent-complete-pcc-joint-venture-77344047.html}}</ref> In the edition of October 12, 1998, of '']'' magazine, Fiorina was named "The Most Powerful Woman in American Business".<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998"/> | ||
Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina"/><ref name=Fortune.Lucent>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina's troubling telecom past|url=http://fortune.com/2010/10/15/carly-fiorinas-troubling-telecom-past/|work=Fortune| |
Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina"/><ref name=Fortune.Lucent>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina's troubling telecom past|url=http://fortune.com/2010/10/15/carly-fiorinas-troubling-telecom-past/|work=Fortune|access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> According to Fortune magazine, Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers, writing that "In a neat bit of accounting magic, money from the loans began to appear on Lucent's income statement as new revenue while the dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset".<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> Lucent's stock price grew 10-fold.<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> | ||
===Hewlett-Packard (HP)=== | ===Hewlett-Packard (HP)=== | ||
====Hiring==== | ====Hiring==== | ||
], August 2, 2004.]] | ], August 2, 2004.]] | ||
In July 1999, ] named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding ] and prevailing over the internal candidate ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Wharton School|title=An Interview with Carly Fiorina|date=October 18, 2006| |
In July 1999, ] named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding ] and prevailing over the internal candidate ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Wharton School|title=An Interview with Carly Fiorina|date=October 18, 2006|access-date=May 9, 2015| publisher=Knowledge@Wharton|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1581}}</ref> Matthew Boyle of ''Fortune'' magazine said of Fiorina's hiring as HP's first woman CEO that, "Carly Fiorina didn't just break the ], she obliterated it, as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company."<ref name="FortuneGlCe">{{cite news|last=Boyle |first=Matthew |url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/10/23/news/newsmakers/fiorina_hp.fortune/index.htm |title=Former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina speaks out |publisher=CNN |date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carroll |first=Jon |url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/The-Fiorina-Perplex-3221207.php |title=The Fiorina Perplex|work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=August 12, 2009 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Greenfield|first=Karl Taro |title= What glass ceiling? Carly Fiorina takes over Hewlett-Packard, becoming the first woman CEO of a Dow 30 firm |magazine=Time|date= August 2, 1999 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991628,00.html|page=72 }}</ref> | ||
Writing in ''Fortune'' magazine in August 2015, ] described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board."<ref name=Fortune.2015/> Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: {{USD}}65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind,<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> a {{USD}}3 million signing bonus, a {{USD}}1 million annual salary (plus a {{USD}}1.25–{{USD}}3.75 million annual bonus), {{USD}}36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs.<ref name="johnson">{{cite journal| last = Johnson | first = Craig | title = The rise and fall of Carly Fiorina: an ethical case study | url = http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=gfsb | journal = Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 188–196 | publisher = SAGE Publications | date = November 2008 | doi = 10.1177/1548051808320983}}</ref> | Writing in ''Fortune'' magazine in August 2015, ] described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board."<ref name=Fortune.2015/> Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: {{USD}}65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind,<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> a {{USD}}3 million signing bonus, a {{USD}}1 million annual salary (plus a {{USD}}1.25–{{USD}}3.75 million annual bonus), {{USD}}36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs.<ref name="johnson">{{cite journal| last = Johnson | first = Craig | title = The rise and fall of Carly Fiorina: an ethical case study | url = http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=gfsb | journal = Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 188–196 | publisher = SAGE Publications | date = November 2008 | doi = 10.1177/1548051808320983| s2cid = 145194793 }}</ref> Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gordon|first=Dave|date=June 1, 2020|title=Carly Fiorina's journey from secretary to CEO|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52820298|access-date=June 1, 2020}}</ref> | ||
====Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition==== | ====Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition==== | ||
Although the decision to spin off the company's ] division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/05/04/feat.html|title=Agilent Ready To Leave Hewlett-Packard's Nest|date=May 4, 2000| |
Although the decision to spin off the company's ] division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/05/04/feat.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010302183323/http://www.forbes.com/2000/05/04/feat.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 2, 2001|title=Agilent Ready To Leave Hewlett-Packard's Nest|date=May 4, 2000|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=]|last=DiCarlo|first=Lisa}}</ref> Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of ] for almost {{USD}}14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.costar.com/News/Article/Hewlett-Packard-to-Pricewaterhouse-Never-Mind/24337|title=Hewlett-Packard to Pricewaterhouse: "Never Mind"|last=Trainor|first=Tim|date=November 14, 2000|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=CoStar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518071144/http://www.costar.com/News/Article/Hewlett-Packard-to-Pricewaterhouse-Never-Mind/24337|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the collapse of the ], the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than {{USD}}4 billion. HP later acquired ], another technology services company, which some considered a validation of Fiorina's strategy.<ref name="Houston Chron">{{cite news |newspaper=Houston Chronicle |date=May 14, 2008 |first=Loren|last=Steffy |url=http://www.chron.com/business/steffy/article/With-merger-HP-adopts-Fiorina-s-strategy-8-years-1774646.php |title=With merger, HP adopts Fiorina's strategy|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=CNET |date=May 13, 2008 |first=Gordon|last=Haff |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/hp-eds-and-the-ghost-of-carly/ |title=HP, EDS, and the ghost of Carly|access-date=October 11, 2015}}</ref> | ||
====Compaq merger==== | ====Compaq merger==== | ||
In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the ], Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with {{USD}}25 billion in stock,<ref name=stanford/> which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell.<ref name=stanford/> HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger.<ref name=stanford/> The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/hardware/0,39042972,39066981,00.htm |title=Topics | ZDNet |publisher=Zdnetasia.com |date=August 20, 2014 | |
In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the ], Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with {{USD}}25 billion in stock,<ref name=stanford/> which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell.<ref name=stanford/> HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger.<ref name=stanford/> The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/hardware/0,39042972,39066981,00.htm |title=Topics | ZDNet |publisher=Zdnetasia.com |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=April 1, 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Andrew|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/oct/20/news.technology1 |title=Hewlett-Packard overtakes Dell as top PC maker | Business |work=The Guardian |date=October 20, 2006 |access-date=April 1, 2015 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/10/18/BU31720.DTL |title=HP loses No. 1 spot in sales to Dell / Rivals' worldwide figures competitively close amid signs of stronger market |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=October 18, 2002 |access-date=April 1, 2015|last=Norr|first=Henry}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors,<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="heritage1"/> and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder ]) was a source of particularly strong opposition.<ref name="heritage1">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritageinstitute.com/governance/hp/woes1.htm|title=HP Hewlett |
Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors,<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="heritage1"/> and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder ]) was a source of particularly strong opposition.<ref name="heritage1">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritageinstitute.com/governance/hp/woes1.htm|title=HP Hewlett-Packard's Corporate Governance Woes Part 1|author=Ed Eduljee|publisher=heritageinstitute.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1013378674387839160|title=Walter Hewlett's H-P Plan Excludes Carly Fiorina, Emphasizes Printers|last=Tam|first=Pui-Wing|date=February 11, 2002|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=]}}</ref> Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal, but he later changed his mind.<ref name="stanford" /> He launched a ] against Fiorina's efforts which Fiorina won with a "razor-thin margin" of 51.4% of the shareholders, with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support.<ref name=stanford/><ref>{{cite web|first=Dawn |last=Kawamoto|title=Walter Hewlett speaks out|date=March 13, 2002|website=CNET|url=http://news.cnet.com/Walter-Hewlett-speaks-out/2100-1002_3-858499.htmll}}</ref> Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members,<ref name=stanford/> including Richard Hackborn, ],<ref>, Boeing, October 10, 20014.</ref> ],<ref name = SFChron>{{cite news | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/06/BUGA9KVQU91.DTL&feed=rss.business | title = HP pushing out veteran member of board | first = Benjamin | last = Pimentel | work= ] | date = September 6, 2006 | access-date = September 25, 2006 }}</ref> and Robert Knowling.<ref name=stanford/> Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the parts of it that she kept with Compaq.<ref name="Vries">{{cite news|last=Vries|first=Lloyd|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-rise-fall-of-carly-fiorina/|title=The Rise & Fall Of Carly Fiorina|work=CBS News|date=February 10, 2005|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism.<ref name="huffpo">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ben-rosen/the-merger-that-worked-co_b_95873.html | title=The Merger That Worked: Compaq and Hewlett-Packard | work=The Huffington Post | date=April 9, 2008 | |
The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism.<ref name="huffpo">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ben-rosen/the-merger-that-worked-co_b_95873.html | title=The Merger That Worked: Compaq and Hewlett-Packard | work=The Huffington Post | date=April 9, 2008 | access-date=August 10, 2015 | author=Ben Rosen}}</ref> The February 7, 2005, issue of ''Fortune'' described her merger plan as "failing" and the prognosis as "doubtful".<ref name="Loomis2005">{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2011/08/21/why-carlys-big-bet-is-failing-fortune-classics-2005/|author=Loomis, Carol|title=Why Carly's big bet is failing (Fortune Classics, 2005)|work=Fortune|date=February 7, 2005|access-date=August 7, 2015}}</ref> Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful.<ref name="stanfordbusiness">{{cite web | url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/compaq-hp-ultimately-urge-merge-was-right | title=Compaq and HP: Ultimately, the Urge to Merge Was Right | publisher=Stanford Business School – Insights by Stanford Business | date=June 1, 2007 | access-date=August 10, 2015 | author=Alice LaPlante}}</ref> In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq ] stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work.<ref name="huffpo"/> HP was able to integrate Compaq's operations and emerge as the world's largest seller of personal computers. The industry soon fell into decline, leading to further difficulties for the company. HP eventually wrote off {{USD}}1.2 billion from the acquisition as the personal computer market declined.<ref>{{cite news|work=San Jose Mercury News |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_22037518/hp-hewlett-packard-autonomy-acquisition-mistake-misstep-troubles|title=HP's acquisition misstep far from the first |author=Pete Carey |date=November 20, 2012}}</ref> Looking back, a 2011 ''The New York Times'' article described it as "one of the more questionable deals of the time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/08/18/hewlett-packards-rocky-deal-history/|title=Hewlett-Packard's Rocky Deal History|author=Michael J. De la Merced|date=August 18, 2011|work=The New York Times}}</ref> | ||
====Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions==== | ====Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions==== | ||
{{see also|Hewlett |
{{see also|Hewlett-Packard#Sales to Iran despite sanctions}} | ||
In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in ].<ref name=Bloombeg.Iran>{{cite |
In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in ].<ref name=Bloombeg.Iran>{{cite news|title=Fiorina's HP Earned Millions From Sales in Iran|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=September 14, 2015 |url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-09-14/under-fiorina-hp-earned-millions-from-sales-in-iran|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=September 20, 2015}}</ref> Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary, while U.S. ] were in effect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina & H.P. Thwarted U.S. Sanctions, Sold $120 Million In Product To Iran|url=http://www.hngn.com/articles/130557/20150916/carly-fiorina-hp-thwarted-us-sanctions-sold-120.htm|publisher=Headline and Global News|access-date=September 20, 2015|date=September 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Report: HP sells printers in Iran with third party|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=6544306|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=September 20, 2015}}</ref> After the story was initially reported by '']'' in 2008,<ref name=BostonGlobe.sanctions>{{cite web|last1=Stockman|first1=Farah|title=HP uses third party to sell printers in Iran Calif. firm's sales soar in embargo|url=https://secure.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/405137221.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+29%2C+2008&author=Stockman%2C+Farah&pub=Boston+Globe&edition=&startpage=&desc=HP+uses+third+party+to+sell+printers+in+Iran+Calif.+firm%27s+sales+soar+in+embargo|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=September 20, 2015|date=December 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131833/https://secure.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/405137221.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+29%2C+2008&author=Stockman%2C+Farah&pub=Boston+Globe&edition=&startpage=&desc=HP+uses+third+party+to+sell+printers+in+Iran+Calif.+firm%27s+sales+soar+in+embargo|archive-date=September 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> the ] sent a letter of inquiry to HP, who responded that products worth {{USD}}120 million were sold in fiscal 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiorina faces questions over HP sales in Iran|url=http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2009/09/01/20090901calif-fiorina0901-ON.html|work=The Arizona Republic|access-date=September 20, 2015}}</ref> arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary.<ref name=Bloombeg.Iran/> According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary.<ref name="Bloombeg.Iran" /> HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry.<ref name="Bloombeg.Iran" /> | ||
====Providing HP servers to the NSA==== | ====Providing HP servers to the NSA==== | ||
Line 81: | Line 86: | ||
====Changes to HP culture==== | ====Changes to HP culture==== | ||
Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing ] with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.<ref name=stanford>{{cite web|title=Leadership Challenges at Hewlett-Packard: Through the looking Glass|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/cgri-closer-look-21-hp-leadership-challenges.pdf|publisher=Stanford Graduate School of Business| |
Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing ] with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.<ref name=stanford>{{cite web|title=Leadership Challenges at Hewlett-Packard: Through the looking Glass|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/cgri-closer-look-21-hp-leadership-challenges.pdf|publisher=Stanford Graduate School of Business|access-date=August 14, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian "]" work culture and guiding philosophy,<ref name="johnson" /><ref name="heritage1" /><ref name="paloaltoonline">{{cite web |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2002/2002_04_10.hpway10.html |title=The rise and fall of the HP Way (April 10, 2002) |publisher=paloaltoonline.com}}</ref> which she felt hindered innovation.<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="reutershpway">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article |
Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian "]" work culture and guiding philosophy,<ref name="johnson" /><ref name="heritage1" /><ref name="paloaltoonline">{{cite web |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/2002/2002_04_10.hpway10.html |title=The rise and fall of the HP Way (April 10, 2002) |publisher=paloaltoonline.com}}</ref> which she felt hindered innovation.<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="reutershpway">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hp-theway-idUSTRE6781EN20100809|title=Fiorina, Hurd: no practitioners of The HP Way?|work=Reuters|date=August 9, 2010|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001210416/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/09/us-hp-theway-idUSTRE6781EN20100809|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of changes to HP's culture, and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs (subsequently followed by the largest layoffs in HP's history), employee satisfaction surveys at HP{{snd}}previously among the highest in America{{snd}}revealed "widespread unhappiness" and distrust,<ref name="johnson" /><ref name="elsbach">{{cite journal| last1 = Elsbach | first1 = Kimberly | last2 = Stigliani | first2 = Ileana | last3 = Stroud | first3 = Amy |title = The building of employee distrust: a case study of Hewlett-Packard from 1995 to 2010 | journal = Organizational Dynamics | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 254–263 | publisher = Elsevier | date = July–September 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.03.003| s2cid = 153839614 | url = https://escholarship.org/content/qt5pr310kf/qt5pr310kf.pdf?t=pudeey }}</ref> and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP's ].<ref name="johnson" /> | ||
According to '']'', Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age.<ref name=fiscaltimes>{{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Yuval|title=Carly Fiorina's Real Record at HP: Is She Presidential Material?|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/05/05/Carly-Fiorina-s-Real-Record-HP-She-Presidential-Material|work=The Fiscal Times| |
According to '']'', Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age.<ref name=fiscaltimes>{{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Yuval|title=Carly Fiorina's Real Record at HP: Is She Presidential Material?|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/05/05/Carly-Fiorina-s-Real-Record-HP-She-Presidential-Material|work=The Fiscal Times|access-date=August 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822235734/http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/05/05/Carly-Fiorina-s-Real-Record-HP-She-Presidential-Material|archive-date=August 22, 2015|date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> | ||
====iPod+HP==== | ====iPod+HP==== | ||
{{Main|iPod+HP}} | {{Main|iPod+HP}} | ||
In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with ] founder ] for the ] |
In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with ] founder ] for the ]{{snd}}a ] ] sold through HP's retail channels.<ref>Steven Levy, ''The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness'' (Simon & Schuster: 2006), pp. 98–99.</ref> As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install ] on every computer sold.<ref name=":1" /> Two days before Fiorina announced the HP+iPod, Jobs announced a new product, the ], catching Fiorina off guard.<ref>Charles Arthur, ''Digital Wars: Apple, Google, Microsoft and the Battle for the Internet'' (2d ed.: Kogan Page, 2014), p. 122.</ref> HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months. In addition, Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=How Steve Jobs Fleeced Carly Fiorina – Backchannel|url=https://medium.com/backchannel/how-steve-jobs-fleeced-carly-fiorina-79d1380663de|website=Medium|access-date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> As a result, at the peak of the program, iPod+HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales.<ref>Steven Levy, ''The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness'' (Simon & Schuster: 2006), p. 100.</ref> In July 2005, soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO, her successor ] ended HP's agreement with Apple, within days of taking office,<ref>David Goldman, , CNN Money (September 17, 2015).</ref> a "highly symbolic decision" that was well-received as a return to innovation by HP.<ref>Mark Morgan, Raymond E. Levitt & William A. Malek ''Executing Your Strategy: How to Break it Down and Get it Done'' (Harvard Business School Press, 2007), p. 107.</ref><ref>Alex Pham & Joseph Menn, , ''Los Angeles Times'' (July 30, 2005).</ref> | ||
], writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..."<ref name="Snyder">Benjamin Snyder, , ''Fortune'' (October 1, 2015).</ref> | ], writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..."<ref name="Snyder">Benjamin Snyder, , ''Fortune'' (October 1, 2015).</ref> | ||
====Layoffs==== | ====Layoffs==== | ||
In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3000newswire.com/subscribers/Layoffs-01Aug.html|title=HP to cut 6,000 jobs as revenues fall short|date=August 2001|publisher=3000 News Wire| |
In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3000newswire.com/subscribers/Layoffs-01Aug.html|title=HP to cut 6,000 jobs as revenues fall short|date=August 2001|publisher=3000 News Wire|access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP {{USD}}130 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Swartz|first=Jon|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/tech/2001-12-04-carley.htm|title=Many H-P employees oppose deal with Compaq|work=]|date=December 4, 2001|access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut, the biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history,<ref name="USAToday01">{{cite news|title=Many H-P employees oppose deal with Compaq|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/tech/2001-12-04-carley.htm|work=USA Today|access-date=August 15, 2015|quote=While Fiorina travels aboard a {{USD}}30 million Gulfstream IV, employees joke they can't order books and supplies.|date=December 4, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HP at Cultural Crossroads |url=http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Human%20Resource%20and%20Organization%20Behavior/HP%20at%20Cultural%20Crossroads-Human%20Resource%20and%20Organization%20Behavior.htm |publisher=IBS Center for Management Research |access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref> but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced.<ref>Richtel, Matt. , '']'' (September 5, 2001): "The new company would have 135,000 employees, a figure that includes 15,000 job cuts, in addition to 11,000 previously announced cutbacks (5,000 at Compaq and 6,000 at Hewlett-Packard) that have yet to take place."</ref> In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq.<ref name=USAToday01/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB999610074430373667 |title=H-P's Fiorina Takes On Hefty Job In Turning Around Merged Giant |last=Williams |first=Molly |date=September 5, 2001 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> | ||
In all, Fiorina ] 30,000 U.S. employees.<ref name=Farley/><ref name="The Guardian, March 29, 2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/mar/29/hp-ceo-carly-fiorina-presidential-run |title=Ex-HP chief Carly Fiorina sets sights on Clinton as she nears presidential run |last=Rushe |first=Dominic |date=March 29, 2015 |work=The Guardian }}</ref> According to '']'', those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...."<ref name=Farley /> By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001.<ref name=Farley>Farley, Robert. , ] (September 17, 2010): "According to SEC filings, HP had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. That comes to a total of 148,100 workers. In 2005, just after her departure, HP's worldwide workforce reached 150,000. Net gain? In the Los Angeles Times story, reporter Robin Abcarian said that statement is dubious, because 'in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports.'...It's clear that Fiorina laid off 30,000 workers as a result of the merger with Compaq, as she said in the interview with InformationWeek. And it's clear that by October 2005 the merged company employed more workers than the two separate companies had pre-merger (Fiorina had been forced out seven months earlier in February 2005). But some of those jobs may have resulted from acquisitions, and some may have been abroad."</ref><ref name=LA>Abcarian, Robin. , '']'' (May 20, 2010): "According to HP's government filings, the company had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. Together the two companies would have a total workforce of 148,100. But in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports. And in 2005, when Fiorina was fired, the company reported a worldwide workforce of 150,000."</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com">Kessler, Glenn. , ] (May 8, 2015): "he number of employees was 84,800 in 1999 and 151,000 in 2004, according to the 10-K reports. On paper, that certainly looks like an increase in jobs. But before the merger with Compaq, HP had 86,200 employees and Compaq had 63,700 employees. That adds up to 149,900. HP's filings show that the combined company had 141,000 employees in 2002 and 142,000 employees in 2003. By 2005, the number was 150,000. In other words, the number of employees barely budged from the pre-merger |
In all, Fiorina ] 30,000 U.S. employees.<ref name=Farley/><ref name="The Guardian, March 29, 2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/mar/29/hp-ceo-carly-fiorina-presidential-run |title=Ex-HP chief Carly Fiorina sets sights on Clinton as she nears presidential run |last=Rushe |first=Dominic |date=March 29, 2015 |work=The Guardian }}</ref> According to '']'', those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...."<ref name=Farley /> By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001.<ref name=Farley>Farley, Robert. , ] (September 17, 2010): "According to SEC filings, HP had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. That comes to a total of 148,100 workers. In 2005, just after her departure, HP's worldwide workforce reached 150,000. Net gain? In the Los Angeles Times story, reporter Robin Abcarian said that statement is dubious, because 'in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports.'...It's clear that Fiorina laid off 30,000 workers as a result of the merger with Compaq, as she said in the interview with InformationWeek. And it's clear that by October 2005 the merged company employed more workers than the two separate companies had pre-merger (Fiorina had been forced out seven months earlier in February 2005). But some of those jobs may have resulted from acquisitions, and some may have been abroad."</ref><ref name=LA>Abcarian, Robin. , '']'' (May 20, 2010): "According to HP's government filings, the company had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. Together the two companies would have a total workforce of 148,100. But in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports. And in 2005, when Fiorina was fired, the company reported a worldwide workforce of 150,000."</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com">Kessler, Glenn. , ] (May 8, 2015): "he number of employees was 84,800 in 1999 and 151,000 in 2004, according to the 10-K reports. On paper, that certainly looks like an increase in jobs. But before the merger with Compaq, HP had 86,200 employees and Compaq had 63,700 employees. That adds up to 149,900. HP's filings show that the combined company had 141,000 employees in 2002 and 142,000 employees in 2003. By 2005, the number was 150,000. In other words, the number of employees barely budged from the pre-merger total{{snd}}and people lost jobs as a result. The ''Los Angeles Times'', evaluating Fiorina's record when she ran for the Senate in 2010, noted that during her tenure HP also acquired more than a dozen other companies with at least 8,000 employees. Indeed, Fiorina has acknowledged firing more than 30,000 workers in the wake of the Compaq merger."</ref> Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States.<ref name="Goldman"/> | ||
In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP, the company had 84,800 employees.<ref name="washingtonpost.com" /> After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hewlett-Packard and Compaq agree to merge, creating $87 billion global technology leader|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=230610|publisher=Hewlett-Packard|date= September 3, 2001| |
In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP, the company had 84,800 employees.<ref name="washingtonpost.com" /> After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hewlett-Packard and Compaq agree to merge, creating $87 billion global technology leader|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=230610|publisher=Hewlett-Packard|date= September 3, 2001|access-date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> At the time of her resignation in 2005, after HP had acquired several other companies, HP had about 150,000 employees.<ref name=Farley /> | ||
====Forced resignation==== | ====Forced resignation==== | ||
HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO.<ref name="USATodayMoney">, ] (May 4, 2015).</ref><ref name="WPfactcheck">, '']'' (May 8, 2015).</ref> In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $6.8 billion.<ref name=Sellers>{{cite web | url=http://fortune.com/2015/09/18/carly-fiorina-republican-vp/ | title=Why Carly Fiorina will likely be the Republican VP nominee | work=] | date=September 18, 2015 | |
HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO.<ref name="USATodayMoney">, '']'' (May 4, 2015).</ref><ref name="WPfactcheck">, '']'' (May 8, 2015).</ref> In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $6.8 billion.<ref name=Sellers>{{cite web | url=http://fortune.com/2015/09/18/carly-fiorina-republican-vp/ | title=Why Carly Fiorina will likely be the Republican VP nominee | work=] | date=September 18, 2015 | access-date=September 19, 2015 | author=Sellers, Patricia}}</ref><ref name=Gandel>{{cite web | url=http://fortune.com/2015/09/17/carly-fiorina-business-record/ | title=Fact check: Carly Fiorina didn't have a great run as CEO of Hewlett-Packard | work=] | date=September 17, 2015 | access-date=September 19, 2015 | author=Gandel, Stephen}}</ref> However, the company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's ] despite a 70% gain in net income of the ] over this period;<ref name="USATodayMoney" /> the company's debt rose from {{USD}}4.25 billion to {{USD}}6.75 billion;<ref name="USATodayMoney" /> and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the ].<ref name="USATodayMoney" /><ref name="MercNewsAnalysts">, ] (April 20, 2010).</ref> By contrast, stock prices for ] and ] fell by 27.5% and 3% respectively during this time.<ref name="MercNewsAnalysts"/> The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004.<ref name=stanford/> | ||
In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call.<ref name="johnson"/> In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=PuiWing>{{cite news|last1=Tam|first1=Pui-Wing|title=H-P's Board Ousts Fiorina as CEO|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110795431536149934| |
In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call.<ref name="johnson"/> In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=PuiWing>{{cite news|last1=Tam|first1=Pui-Wing|title=H-P's Board Ousts Fiorina as CEO|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110795431536149934|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=February 10, 2005|quote=Ms. Fiorina's ouster reflects increasingly clear strategic problems at H-P. The company faces fierce competition from Dell Inc. in personal computers, and International Business Machines Corp. in computer services and corporate computing.}}</ref><ref name=Burrows/> The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted strongly.<ref name=Burrows>{{cite news|first1=Peter|last1=Burrows|first2=Ben|last2=Elgin|title=The Surprise Player Behind The Coup At HP|date=March 14, 2005|work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2005-03-13/the-surprise-player-behind-the-coup-at-hp|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to ''The Wall Street Journal''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Pui-Wing|last=Tam|title=Hewlett-Packard Board Considers A Reorganization; Management Moves Stem From Performance Concerns; Helping Fiorina Succeed'|date=January 24, 2005|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110652096353733547 |access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> According to ''BusinessWeek'''s Ben Elgin, directors were also concerned about the board's inability to work effectively with Fiorina.<ref name="Dr. Tim Irwin">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2JexBk5PXQC&pg=PA43 | title=Derailed: Five Lessons Learned from Catastrophic Failures of Leadership | date= 2012 | author=Irwin, Tim| publisher=HarperCollins Leadership | isbn=978-1418581046 }}</ref> | ||
Less than a month later, the board brought back ] and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.<ref name="hpresignation">{{cite press release |url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=171658 |title=HP Chair and CEO Carly Fiorina Steps Down |author=Hewlett-Packard |publisher=] |date=February 9, 2005| |
Less than a month later, the board brought back ] and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.<ref name="hpresignation">{{cite press release |url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=171658 |title=HP Chair and CEO Carly Fiorina Steps Down |author=Hewlett-Packard |publisher=] |date=February 9, 2005|access-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.<ref>{{cite news|first=Paul R. |last=La Monica|title=Fiorina out, HP stock soars|date=February 10, 2005|publisher=CNN|url=https://money.cnn.com/2005/02/09/technology/hp_fiorina/index.htm|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2005/02/09/cx_sr_0208carly.html |title=Fiorina Is Out At HP |work=Forbes |date=October 31, 2004 |access-date=May 8, 2015|last=Reeves|first=Scott}}</ref> | ||
In her book ''Tough Choices'', she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature".<ref name=tough.choices.30>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', Chapter 30.</ref> ], who investigated the leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional."<ref name=tough.choices.30/> | In her book ''Tough Choices'', she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature".<ref name=tough.choices.30>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', Chapter 30.</ref> ], who investigated the leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional."<ref name=tough.choices.30/> | ||
On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive ], confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy ], the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $12.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news | last = Paul | first = Franklin | title = HP to buy EDS for $12.6 bln in challenge to IBM | |
On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive ], confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy ], the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $12.6 billion.<ref>{{cite news | last = Paul | first = Franklin | title = HP to buy EDS for $12.6 bln in challenge to IBM | work = Reuters | date = May 13, 2008 | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKN1230539620080514 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080518095519/http://uk.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKN1230539620080514 | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 18, 2008 | access-date = November 20, 2015}}</ref> At the time of the announcement, Loren Steffy of '']'' suggested that the EDS acquisition after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of ] was justified.<ref name="livemint.com">Steffy, Loren. , '']'' (May 14, 2008) (opinion).</ref> | ||
Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a ] by '']'' magazine,<ref>{{cite |
Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a ] by '']'' magazine,<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Claire |last=Suddath| title=Carly Sneed Fiorina: Biggest Golden Parachutes| magazine=]| url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1848501_1848500_1848417,00.html|access-date=May 9, 2015|date=October 8, 2008}}</ref> and ],<ref>{{cite news|title=Another Corporate Outrage: 'Golden Parachutes' for Failed CEOs|first=Aaron|last= Task|publisher=Yahoo!|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/another-corporate-outrage-golden-parachutes-failed-ceos-153646807.html|date=September 30, 2011|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina received a severance package valued at {{USD}}21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options.<ref name=stanford/><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110795431536149934|title = H-P's Board Ousts Fiorina as CEO|date = February 10, 2005|access-date = August 26, 2015|website = The Wall Street Journal|last = Tam|first = Pui-Wing }}</ref> | ||
According to ''Fortune'' magazine, Fiorina collected over {{USD}}100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP.<ref name=Fortune.2015>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina as a boss: The disappointing truth|url=http://fortune.com/2015/08/14/carly-fiorina-president-2/|work=Fortune| |
According to ''Fortune'' magazine, Fiorina collected over {{USD}}100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP.<ref name=Fortune.2015>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina as a boss: The disappointing truth|url=http://fortune.com/2015/08/14/carly-fiorina-president-2/|work=Fortune|access-date=August 15, 2015|last=Sonnenfeld|first=Jeffrey}}</ref> | ||
===Business leadership image=== | ===Business leadership image=== | ||
In 2003, Fiorina was named by '']'' the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=Sellers98>{{cite news |last = Sellers |first = Patricia |title = The 50 Most Powerful Women in American Business|work=Fortune |date = October 12, 1998|url= |
In 2003, Fiorina was named by '']'' the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=Sellers98>{{cite news |last = Sellers |first = Patricia |title = The 50 Most Powerful Women in American Business|work=Fortune |date = October 12, 1998|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/10/12/249284/index.htm|access-date = July 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name=Money>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2003/09/29/technology/fortune_women/|title=HP's Fiorina leads Fortune's most powerful women's list|publisher=CNN | date=September 29, 2003}}</ref> In 2004, she was included in the ] ranking of "most influential people in the world today"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scardino|first1=Marjorie|title=The 2004 Time 100: Our list of the most influential people in the world today|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1970858_1970908_1971387,00.html|access-date=May 8, 2015|agency=Time Inc.|magazine=Time|date=April 26, 2004|page=Builders & Titans, Carly Fiorina}}</ref> and named tenth on the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=QDES&datatype=Person|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041011170426/http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=QDES&datatype=Person|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2004|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|first1=Elizabeth|last1=MacDonald|first2=Chana R.|last2=Schoenberger|work=Forbes|date=August 20, 2004|access-date=October 13, 2009}}</ref> In 2005, ''The Wall Street Journal'' described Fiorina as the epitome of "an alluring, controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self-centered and demanding styles".<ref>{{cite news|title=How CEO's Traits Helped, Hurt|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110799820053550812|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=August 14, 2015|first=George|last=Anders|date=February 10, 2005}}</ref> The same year, ] professor ] opined, "Fiorina scored high on leadership style, but she failed to execute strategy".<ref name="wharton">, "Knowledge@Wharton", ] (March 30, 2005).</ref> | ||
Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time.<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americas-worst-ceos-where-are-they-now/ |title=America's worst CEOs: Where are they now? |first=Steve |last=Tobak |date=April 27, 2012 | |
Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time.<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americas-worst-ceos-where-are-they-now/ |title=America's worst CEOs: Where are they now? |first=Steve |last=Tobak |date=April 27, 2012 |work=CBS News |access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/maney/2005-02-15-maney_x.htm |title=Can Fiorina trump competition for 'worst tech CEO' title? |first=Kevin |last=Maney |date=February 16, 2005 |access-date=May 9, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Portfolio's Worst American CEOs of All Time|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2009/04/30/Portfolios-Worst-American-CEOs-of-All-Time.html|access-date=May 11, 2015|publisher=CNBC|date=April 30, 2009|quote=Rankings By: Portfolio.com}}</ref> In 2008, '']'' grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped, declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time, and characterizing her as the "anti-]" for reversing the goodwill of "geeks" and alienating existing customers.<ref>{{cite web|last=McAllister |first=Neil |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/techs-all-time-top-25-flops-558?page=0,5 |title=Tech's all-time top 25 flops |publisher=InfoWorld.com |date=January 21, 2008 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-ra-carly-fiorina-against-hillary-20150512-column.html|title=Carly Fiorina's imaginary race against Hillary Clinton|work=]|last=Abcarian|first=Robin|date=May 12, 2015|access-date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two ]s, to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had the range to fly overseas.<ref name=PolitifactGulfstream>{{cite web|url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2010/sep/17/fact-checking-sen-barbara-boxers-ad-carly-fiorina-/|first=Robert|last=Farley|title=Fact-checking Sen. Barbara Boxer's attack ad on Carly Fiorina's record at HP|date=September 17, 2010|access-date=September 30, 2015|work=PolitiFact}}</ref><ref name=Harwell26Sept>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/fiorinas-record-at-hp-defines-her-candidacy--which-could-be-a-problem/2015/09/26/5a5b5e16-6174-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html|title=Fiorina's record at HP defines her candidacy – which could be a problem|date=September 26, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2015|first1=Drew|last1=Harwell|first2=Danielle|last2=Paquette|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> One Gulfstream IV, acquired at a cost of {{USD}}30 million and available for Fiorina's "exclusive" use,<ref name=Abcarian24Sept>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-ra-carly-fiorina-trashed-the-hp-way-20150923-column.html|title=At Hewlett-Packard, Carly Fiorina snuffed out a beloved tech culture|first=Robin|last=Abcarian|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 24, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina's expensive self-promotion and top-down managerial style during a time of company layoffs.<ref name=stanford/><ref name="USAToday01"/><ref name=Harwell26Sept/> ] of ] said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure.<ref name=Fortune.2015/> | ||
Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term.<ref name="livemint.com"/><ref name=Zapler>Zapler, Mike. , ''San Jose Mercury News'' (April 20, 2010).</ref><ref name=Barrett>]. , ] (April 4, 2010) (opinion).</ref><ref name=bloom>, ] (May 4, 2015).</ref> | Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term.<ref name="livemint.com"/><ref name=Zapler>Zapler, Mike. , ''San Jose Mercury News'' (April 20, 2010).</ref><ref name=Barrett>]. , ] (April 4, 2010) (opinion).</ref><ref name=bloom>, ] (May 4, 2015).</ref> | ||
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===Autobiography=== | ===Autobiography=== | ||
In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled ''Tough Choices'', about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zarroli|first1=Jim|title='Tough Choices,' the Rise and Fall of Carly Fiorina|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6257097| |
In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled ''Tough Choices'', about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zarroli|first1=Jim|title='Tough Choices,' the Rise and Fall of Carly Fiorina|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6257097|access-date=April 27, 2015|publisher=NPR Books|date=October 15, 2006}}</ref> | ||
Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in the merger at HP included: ''Backfire,'' (2003)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burrows|first1=Peter|title=Backfire: Carly Fiorina's high-stakes battle for the soul of Hewlett-Packard|date=2003|publisher=J. Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, NJ|isbn=0471267651}}</ref> by Peter Burrows, and ''Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard,'' (2003),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anders|first1=George|title=Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard|date=2003|publisher=Portfolio|location=New York |
Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in the merger at HP included: ''Backfire,'' (2003)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burrows|first1=Peter|title=Backfire: Carly Fiorina's high-stakes battle for the soul of Hewlett-Packard|date=2003|publisher=J. Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, NJ|isbn=0471267651}}</ref> by Peter Burrows, and ''Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard,'' (2003),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anders|first1=George|title=Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard|url=https://archive.org/details/perfectenoughcar00ande|url-access=registration|date=2003|publisher=Portfolio|location=New York|isbn=1591840031}}</ref> by ]. A 2003 review by ''The New York Times'' of these books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main champion{{snd}}Hewlett-Packard's chair and chief executive officer, Carly Fiorina{{snd}}show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Preston|first1=Holly Hubbard|title=Book Report : Perfect Enough|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/17/business/worldbusiness/17iht-mbook17_ed3_.html|access-date=April 27, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 17, 2003}}</ref> | ||
===Other organizational involvement=== | ===Other organizational involvement=== | ||
In October 2007, Fiorina signed with the ] as a business commentator.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fox cabler signs Fiorina|first=Michael |last=Learmonth|page= 4|date=October 10, 2007|work=Daily Variety}}</ref> | In October 2007, Fiorina signed with the ] as a business commentator.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fox cabler signs Fiorina|first=Michael |last=Learmonth|page= 4|date=October 10, 2007|work=Daily Variety}}</ref> | ||
After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Fiorina joins Case's company|date=September 9, 2005|publisher=CNN|url= |
After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Fiorina joins Case's company|date=September 9, 2005|publisher=CNN|url=https://money.cnn.com/2005/09/09/news/newsmakers/case_fiorina/index.htm|access-date=May 9, 2015|author=<!--Staff writer(s ); no by-line.-->}}</ref> and computer security company ] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina Joins Cybertrust Board of Directors|date=October 27, 2005|access-date=May 9, 2015|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/carly-fiorina-joins-cybertrust-board-of-directors-55606197.html|agency=PR Newswire}}</ref> In 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker ] (TSMC),<ref>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina joins board of chip maker TSMC|first=Dan|last=Nystedt|date=April 6, 2006|publisher=Network World|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2006/040606-fiorina-joins-board-tsmc.html|access-date=May 9, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013030234/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2006/040606-fiorina-joins-board-tsmc.html|archive-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> but resigned from that board on November 30, 2009, with the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy" to her Senate campaign.<ref name=TSMC>{{cite web|title=TSMC Annual Report 2009 Corporate Governance|url=http://www.tsmc.com/download/ir/annualReports/2009/pdf_e/e_3.pdf|publisher=tsmc.com|access-date=May 8, 2015|pages=24–31|format=PDF document|year=2009}}</ref> She had attended 17% of the TSMC directors' meetings in 2009 and 20% of TSMC directors' meetings in 2008.<ref name=TSMCAnnual>{{cite web|title=TSMC Annual Report 2009|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/46093517/Tsmc-2009-Annual-Rpt|publisher=tsmc.com|access-date=September 20, 2015|page=29|format=PDF document|year=2009}}</ref><ref name=TSMCAnnual08>{{cite web|title=TSMC Annual Report 2008|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/23652051/TSMC-Annual-Report-08|publisher=tsmc.com|access-date=September 20, 2015|page=28|format=PDF document|year=2009}}</ref> She served as a member of the ]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/specials/futureboston/nationalpanel/ |title=FutureBoston – National panelists |work=The Boston Globe |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/corporation/membership/pastmembers.html|title=Former Corporation Members|publisher=MIT Corporation}}</ref> from 2004 to 2012. She was a member of the Foundation Board of the ] (WEF) in 2005.<ref name=PuiWing/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/81244-what-was-carly-fiorinas-job-after-leaving-hewlett-packard-a-look-at-her-journey-from-hp-to|work=Bustle|title=What Was Carly Fiorina's Job After Leaving Hewlett-Packard? A Look At Her Journey From HP To The 2016 Presidential Race|last=Lu|first=Alicia|date=May 5, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=World Economic Forum|title=Annual Report|date=June 30, 2005|url=http://www.weforum.org/pdf/AnnualReport/2005/our_organization.pdf|access-date=May 10, 2015|publisher=weforum|quote=The Foundation Board is responsible for inspiring business and public confidence by ensuring a flawless standard of governance. Board members are individuals with unique leadership experience from business, politics, academia and civil society.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095830/http://www.weforum.org/pdf/AnnualReport/2005/our_organization.pdf|archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> She is an honorary fellow of the ].<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=TSMC|title=TSMC Says Carly Fiorina Agrees to Join Board of Directors as Independent Member|url=http://www.tsmc.com/tsmcdotcom/PRListingNewsAction.do?action=detail&language=E&newsid=1781&newsdate=2006/04/06|date=April 6, 2006|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> In July 2012, Governor ] of Virginia appointed her to the ] Board of Visitors.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Gov. McDonnell Makes Appointments to JMU Board of Visitors|url=http://www.jmu.edu/jmuweb/general/news/general12037.shtml|publisher=James Madison University|date=July 9, 2012|access-date=July 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200100/http://www.jmu.edu/jmuweb/general/news/general12037.shtml|archive-date=September 10, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Brust|first1=Amelia|title=Fiorina Resigns From JMU Board Of Visitors|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_text_advanced-0=fiorina&s_dispstring=fiorina&p_product=VNRB&p_theme=vnrb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_field_advanced-0=&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&xcal_useweights=no|access-date=May 8, 2015|agency=Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, VA)|issue=Archive Search Results|publisher=nl.newsbank.com|date=May 5, 2015|location=Harrisonburg, Virginia|quote=Before announcing her bid Monday for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination, Carly Fiorina resigned from James Madison University's board of visitors. A replacement will likely be chosen next month, according to Brian Coy, a spokesman for Gov. Terry McAuliffe. Coy confirmed that Fiorina notified the governor's office of her resignation as vice rector in a March 27 letter saying, "her current activities preclude her ability to give this board the time and...}}</ref> In 2015, Fiorina received an ] and delivered the ] at ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.unionleader.com/article/20150510/NEWS04/150519996|title=A good day to graduate|newspaper=New Hampshire Union Leader|author=Alden, Doug|date=May 9, 2015|access-date=July 11, 2017|archive-date=January 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123131629/http://www.unionleader.com/article/20150510/NEWS04/150519996|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ehley|first=Brianna|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/05/04/10-Things-You-Didn-t-Know-About-Carly-Fiorina|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Carly Fiorina|work=]|date=May 4, 2015| |
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ehley|first=Brianna|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/05/04/10-Things-You-Didn-t-Know-About-Carly-Fiorina|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Carly Fiorina|work=]|date=May 4, 2015|access-date=August 28, 2015}}</ref> A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> The '']'' reported that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives."<ref name="SF Chronicle">{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Lance|title=Fiorina failed to register business, foundation|url=http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Fiorina-failed-to-register-business-foundation-3293194.php|access-date=May 5, 2015|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=July 10, 2009}}</ref> | ||
== |
==Nonprofit work== | ||
===Good360=== | ===Good360=== | ||
In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of ], a ] ] ] in ], which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.<ref name="carly">{{cite news|last=Clabaugh|first=Jeff|title=Carly Fiorina joins Good360|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2012/04/18/carly-fiorina-joins-good360.html| |
In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of ], a ] ] ] in ], which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.<ref name="carly">{{cite news|last=Clabaugh|first=Jeff|title=Carly Fiorina joins Good360|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2012/04/18/carly-fiorina-joins-good360.html|access-date=October 12, 2012|newspaper=Washington Business Journal|date=April 18, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Heim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/just-asking-carly-fiorina-of-good360/2014/10/28/af865fa0-4995-11e4-b72e-d60a9229cc10_story.html |title=Just Asking: Carly Fiorina of Good360 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=May 5, 2016 }}</ref> Good360 has been consistently ranked by '']'' magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2014/01/14/alexandria-non-profit-good360-wins-national-award-will-do-more-good/|title=Alexandria non-profit Good360 wins national award, will do more good|last=Hackman|first=Tom|newspaper=]|date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> and ranked as the 33rd largest charity in the United States.<ref name="Forbes50">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/good-360/|title=The 50 Largest U.S. Charities|work=]|date=December 2014}}</ref> Good360 is "the largest product donation marketplace in the world. We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37,000 vetted charities around this country."<ref name="FiorinaGood360">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/The-Interview-Carly-Fiorina-223513131.html|title=The Interview: Carly Fiorina|last=Mathai|first=Raj|publisher=]|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref> | ||
In September 2014, Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations "to help combat the ] in West Africa – by donating specific items."<ref name="G360">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2014/10/08/carly-fiorinas-latest-quest-rallying-corporate-america-to-help-fight-ebola/|title=Carly Fiorina's Latest Quest: Rallying Corporate America To Help Fight Ebola|last=Dolan|first=Kerry|work=]|date=October 8, 2014}}</ref> She left the organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cheney|first1=Kyle|title=Is Carly the real deal?|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/carly-fiorina-victory-2016-debate-surge-real-deal-121164|website=Politico|date=August 7, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===One Woman Initiative=== | ===One Woman Initiative=== | ||
Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies including the ] (USAID) and the ] (DoS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/s/we/c26815.htm|title=One Woman Initiative Fund for Women's Empowerment|publisher=state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casserly|first1=Meghan|title=Carly Fiorina's New Gig: Changing The World One Microloan (And Woman) At A Time|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2013/02/14/carly-fiorinas-new-gig-changing-the-world-one-microloan-and-woman-at-a-time/| |
Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies, including the ] (USAID) and the ] (DoS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/s/we/c26815.htm|title=One Woman Initiative Fund for Women's Empowerment|publisher=state.gov|date=October 28, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casserly|first1=Meghan|title=Carly Fiorina's New Gig: Changing The World One Microloan (And Woman) At A Time|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2013/02/14/carly-fiorinas-new-gig-changing-the-world-one-microloan-and-woman-at-a-time/|access-date=May 14, 2015|work=Forbes|date=February 14, 2013}}</ref> OWI describes itself as "An International Women's Empowerment Fund" that seeks to "support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations" and "focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship, political leadership, and the rule of law."<ref name=DOS>{{cite web|last1=United States Department of State (DoS)|title=The One Woman Initiative – A Women's Empowerment Fund For Justice, Opportunity, Leadership|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/111471.pdf|website=U.S. Department of State (state.gov/documents)|access-date=May 14, 2015|format=PDF document|date=May 12, 2008|quote=Documents 2001–2009, organizations.}}</ref> OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization.<ref name=DOS/> | ||
In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over {{USD}}500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.<ref name="USAID OWI">{{cite press release|publisher=United States Agency for International Development (USAID)|title='One Woman Initiative' Announces First Grants to Women's Organizations in Five Nations|url=http://www.usaid.gov/content/one-woman-initiative-announces-first-grants-womens-organizations-five-nations|author=Gina Jackson| |
In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over {{USD}}500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.<ref name="USAID OWI">{{cite press release|publisher=United States Agency for International Development (USAID)|title='One Woman Initiative' Announces First Grants to Women's Organizations in Five Nations|url=http://www.usaid.gov/content/one-woman-initiative-announces-first-grants-womens-organizations-five-nations|author=Gina Jackson|access-date=May 14, 2015|format=Press release, reference no. 202-712-4320|date=June 3, 2009|quote=Year-Old USAID/State Department/Private Sector Initiative Unveils Initial Aid to Local Groups; Chair Carly Fiorina, USAID's Lisa Chiles, and CAFAmerica's Saxon-Harrold Report on Progress|archive-date=May 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518111811/http://www.usaid.gov/content/one-woman-initiative-announces-first-grants-womens-organizations-five-nations|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
===Opportunity International=== | ===Opportunity International=== | ||
On February 14, 2013, ] announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty.<ref name=OpportunityIntl>{{cite web|last1=Opportunity International|title=Opportunity International Joins Forces with Carly Fiorina's One Woman Initiative; Fiorina to Serve as Global Ambassador to Opportunity|url=http://opportunity.org/news/news-room/press-releases/opportunity-international-joins-forces-with-carly-fiorinas-one-woman-initiative|publisher=Opportunity.org| |
On February 14, 2013, ] announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty.<ref name=OpportunityIntl>{{cite web|last1=Opportunity International|title=Opportunity International Joins Forces with Carly Fiorina's One Woman Initiative; Fiorina to Serve as Global Ambassador to Opportunity|url=http://opportunity.org/news/news-room/press-releases/opportunity-international-joins-forces-with-carly-fiorinas-one-woman-initiative|publisher=Opportunity.org|access-date=May 13, 2015|location=Oak Brook, IL|format=Press Release|date=February 14, 2013}}</ref> Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International.<ref name=OpportunityIntl/> On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Opportunity International|title=Carly Fiorina Steps Down as Global Board Chair of Opportunity International; US Board Chair Mark Thompson to Assume New Role Effective Immediately|url=http://opportunity.org/news/blog/2015/05/carly-fiorina-steps-down-as-global-board-chair-of-opportunity-international|website=(opportunity.org)|publisher=Opportunity International, a 501(c)3 nonprofit.|access-date=May 13, 2015|location=Oak Brook, IL|format=Press Release|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
===Fiorina Foundation=== | ===Fiorina Foundation=== | ||
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the ], an educational institution in South Africa.<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com." |
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the ], an educational institution in South Africa.<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> | ||
The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> | The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> | ||
===Colonial Williamsburg Foundation=== | |||
In 2017, Fiorina joined the board of trustees for the ] Foundation. In December 2020, she was elected the chair of the board of trustees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Griset |first1=Richard |title=Carly Fiorina elected chair of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation board |url=https://www.virginiabusiness.com/article/carly-fiorina-elected-chair-of-colonial-williamsburg-foundation-board/ |website=Virginia Business |access-date=23 January 2021 |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> | |||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
Fiorina has never held public office,<ref name=USAToday.fiorina-race>{{cite news|title=Fiorina jumps into GOP presidential race |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/05/04/carly-fiorina-republican-race-hewlett-packard-gender-hillary-clinton-obama/26825553 |work=USA Today| |
Fiorina has never held public office,<ref name=USAToday.fiorina-race>{{cite news|title=Fiorina jumps into GOP presidential race |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/05/04/carly-fiorina-republican-race-hewlett-packard-gender-hillary-clinton-obama/26825553 |work=USA Today|access-date=August 26, 2015|first1=David|last1=Jackson|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/carly-fiorina-actively-explores-2016-presidential-run-but-faces-gop-critics/2014/11/25/b317b1a2-74b3-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=August 26, 2015|quote=But Fiorina, 60, has considerable challenges, chiefly that she has sought but never held public office.|first=Philip|last=Rucker|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref><ref name=Guardian.siliconvalley>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina will run for president as a successful tech CEO. Silicon Valley says that's a fantasy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/03/carly-fiorina-run-for-president-hewlett-packard|newspaper=The Guardian|quote=Fiorina, 60, has never held public office.|date=May 3, 2015}}</ref> but said that her status as an outsider is a positive attribute, given that in her opinion, professional politicians have failed to deliver to the American people,<ref name=USAToday.fiorina-race/> stating in an interview with Fox News in 2015 that "82% of the American people now think we need people from outside the professional political class to serve in public office."<ref name=TheGuardian.outsider>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina highlights outsider role: most in US 'have never heard my name|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/31/carly-fiorina-hillary-clinton-fox-news-election-2016|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=May 31, 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> | ||
===Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign=== | ===Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign=== | ||
In 2006, Fiorina worked for Republican |
In 2006, Fiorina worked as an advisor for Republican senator ]'s ]. '']'' noted that while she did not want to run, she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for president.<ref name="Zernike2008">{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Zernike |title=She Just Might Be President Someday |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/weekinreview/18zernike.html |work=The New York Times |date=May 18, 2008|access-date=May 9, 2015 }}</ref> On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the ]'s "Victory" initiative. She was reportedly a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs.<ref name=Carpenter>{{cite web| last = Carpenter| first = Amanda| title = RNC Merges with McCain| publisher= Townhall.com| date = March 7, 2008| url = http://www.townhall.com/Columnists/AmandaCarpenter/2008/03/07/mccain_merges_with_rnc| access-date=May 9, 2015 }}</ref> Fiorina's ] from Hewlett-Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign.<ref>{{cite web|last=Corn|first=David|url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2008/06/why-carly-fiorina-symbol-corporate-excesses-mccains-favorite-ceo |title=Why Is Carly Fiorina – a Symbol of Corporate Excesses – McCain's Favorite CEO? |work=Mother Jones |date=June 13, 2008 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Parker |first=Jennifer |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/09/mccain-economic.html |title=McCain Economic Adviser Carly Fiorina's Golden Parachute |work=ABC News |date=September 17, 2008 |access-date=April 1, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902004033/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/09/mccain-economic.html |archive-date=September 2, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Weiner|first=Rachel |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/22/mccain-defends-fiorinas-g_n_128277.html |title=McCain Defends Fiorina's Golden Parachute |work=The Huffington Post |date=October 23, 2008 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref> Referring to the McCain campaign, '']'' described Fiorina as "the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns."<ref>{{cite news |date=May 13, 2008 |title=Why Carly Fiorina Is So Important to John McCain |newspaper=Newsweek |location=New York City |url=http://www.newsweek.com/why-carly-fiorina-so-important-john-mccain-90479 |access-date=August 12, 2015 |quote=I'm talking about Carly Fiorina, the former chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard, being sent out to reassure business-class voters on behalf of John McCain. Fiorina has emerged as the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns, and her alliance with McCain suggests both his strength and his weakness on the subject.}}</ref> | ||
Earlier that day, she defended the selection of ] as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to ] attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the ].<ref>{{cite web | last = Fiorina | first = Carly | title = Remarks As Prepared for Delivery: Carly Fiorina | publisher = Republican National Committee | year = 2008 | url = http://lexdon.com/article/2008_republican_national_convention_remarks/319197.html | |
Earlier that day, she defended the selection of ] as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to ] attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the ].<ref>{{cite web | last = Fiorina | first = Carly | title = Remarks As Prepared for Delivery: Carly Fiorina | publisher = Republican National Committee | year = 2008 | url = http://lexdon.com/article/2008_republican_national_convention_remarks/319197.html | access-date = May 9, 2015 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518063708/http://lexdon.com/article/2008_republican_national_convention_remarks/319197.html | archive-date = May 18, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Former valley tech leaders Fiorina, Whitman tout McCain, his economic plan | last = Ostrom | first = Mary Anne | newspaper=Mercury News | url = http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_10374485?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com | date = September 3, 2008 | access-date = September 15, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Mooney | first=Alexander | url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/15/fiorina-calls-snl-impersonation-of-palin-sexist/ | title=Fiorina calls SNL impersonation of Palin 'sexist' | date=September 15, 2008 | access-date=May 9, 2015 | publisher=CNN | archive-date=May 5, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041036/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/15/fiorina-calls-snl-impersonation-of-palin-sexist/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008 whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered "No, I don't. But that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, she answered, "I don't think John McCain could run a major corporation." Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.<ref>{{cite news | title =CBS |
When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008, whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered "No, I don't. But that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, she answered, "I don't think John McCain could run a major corporation." Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.<ref>{{cite news | title =CBS News' Face the Nation (transcript) | work=CBS News | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/FTN_083108.pdf | date = August 31, 2008 | access-date = September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Fiorina: Candidates not CEO Material | last = Marinucci | first = Carla | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/09/17/MNB912VAAP.DTL | date = September 17, 2008 | access-date = September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref name="King">{{cite news | title = Fiorina's comment called 'Biden-like' | last = King | first = John | publisher = CNN | url = http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/16/fiorinas-comment-called-biden-like/ | date = September 16, 2008 | access-date = September 16, 2008 | archive-date = September 18, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918050339/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/09/16/fiorinas-comment-called-biden-like/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> After media coverage of Fiorina's comments, she "disappeared from public view" and planned television appearances were cancelled,<ref>{{cite news |last=Swaine |first=John |date=September 18, 2008 |title=John McCain's economic adviser Carly Fiorina hidden away after gaffes |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/johnmccain/2981366/John-McCains-economic-adviser-Carly-Fiorina-hidden-away-after-gaffes.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/johnmccain/2981366/John-McCains-economic-adviser-Carly-Fiorina-hidden-away-after-gaffes.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=] |location=London |access-date=August 12, 2015 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> although she continued to chair the party's fundraising committee.<ref name="Carpenter" /><ref name="King" /><ref>{{cite web| first=Tommy| last=Christopher| title=Will Carly Fiorina 'Disappear' Like Gramm?| publisher=]| url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2008/09/18/will-carly-fiorina-disappear-like-gramm/| date=September 16, 2008| access-date=February 16, 2011| archive-date=July 15, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715102241/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2008/09/18/will-carly-fiorina-disappear-like-gramm/| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Is Fiorina finished? Two big mistakes get Carly in trouble | work=] | url=http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2008/09/16/is-fiorina-finished-two-big-mistakes-get-carly-in-trouble/ | date=September 16, 2008 | access-date=September 16, 2008|last=Orr|first=Jimmy}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode | url=https://www.msnbc.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040202050500/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3036677/#26764140 | url-status=live | archive-date=February 2, 2004 | title = McCain camp disappears Fiona | series = Countdown with Keith Olbermann | airdate = September 17, 2008 }}</ref> Responding to ]'s victory over ] in the Democratic primary, Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton's effort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/11/AR2008061103854.html|title=McCain, Obama Reaching Out to Female Voters|last=Juliet|first=Eilperin|date=June 12, 2008|website=washingtonpost.com}}</ref> | ||
==== Vice presidential campaign speculation ==== | |||
In early 2008, she was referred to in media sources as a ],<ref>{{cite news |last=Jacoby |first=Mary |date=April 22, 2008 |title=Carly Fiorina Gets a Plug for VP Job |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/04/22/carly-fiorina-gets-endorsement-of-sorts-for-vp-job/ |access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eilperin |first=Juliet |date=January 23, 2008 |title=McCain Outlines Economic Plans |newspaper=The Trail |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/01/23/mccain_outlines_economic_plans_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005174553/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/01/23/mccain_outlines_economic_plans_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 5, 2012 |access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> In discussing the possibility of Fiorina becoming McCain's running mate, political analyst ] pointed out her potential downside, stating that she "is rather easy to sketch out" because she would "become a talking point for Democrats" who would focus on Fiorina's generous severance package from when she had left HP and her management style. Rothenberg concluded that Fiorina was "like a dream come true" for Democratic ]ers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rothenberg |first=Stuart |date=June 30, 2008 |title=Is Carly Fiorina the Answer to McCain's Prayers for a VP? |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/06/is_carly_fiorina_the_answer_to.html |newspaper=RealClearPolitics |location=Chicago |access-date=August 12, 2015}}</ref> | |||
===Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency=== | ===Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency=== | ||
Fiorina performed unpaid service on the ], which looked at staffing issues, among others, at ].<ref name="Williamson Close Look">{{cite news|last1=Williamson|first1=Elizabeth|title=Fiorina's Time at H-P Gets a Close Look After launching bid for president, ex-CEO defends 'tough choices' at computing giant|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/carly-fiorina-im-running-for-president-1430739879| |
Fiorina performed unpaid service on the ], which looked at staffing issues, among others, at ].<ref name="Williamson Close Look">{{cite news|last1=Williamson|first1=Elizabeth|title=Fiorina's Time at H-P Gets a Close Look After launching bid for president, ex-CEO defends 'tough choices' at computing giant|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/carly-fiorina-im-running-for-president-1430739879|access-date=May 15, 2015|agency=Dow Jones & Company, Inc.|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina spent two years leading the ]'s External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009,<ref name="Williamson Close Look"/> and became chair of that board,<ref name="Geraghty">{{cite news|last1=Geraghty|first1=Jim|title=The CEO and the CIA|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417938/ceo-and-cia-jim-geraghty| |
Fiorina spent two years leading the ]'s External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009,<ref name="Williamson Close Look"/> and became chair of that board,<ref name="Geraghty">{{cite news|last1=Geraghty|first1=Jim|title=The CEO and the CIA|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417938/ceo-and-cia-jim-geraghty|access-date=May 15, 2015|work=National Review|date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director ] during the ].<ref name=Kucinich>{{cite news|last1=Kucinich|first1=Jackie|title=Carly Fiorina Is Getting a CPAC Upgrade|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/02/25/carly-fiorina-is-getting-a-cpac-upgrade.html|access-date=May 15, 2015|work=The Daily Beast|date=February 25, 2015}}</ref> | ||
===U.S. Senate candidacy for California |
===2010 U.S. Senate candidacy for California=== | ||
{{Main|United States Senate election in California |
{{Main|2010 United States Senate election in California}} | ||
] from ].]] | ] from ].]] | ||
On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the ] in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat ].<ref>{{cite news| date = September 22, 2009| first=Jason|last= Linkins| url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/22/carly-fiorina-launches-wo_n_295233.html| title = Carly Fiorina Launches 'Worst Political Website Ever'| work=The Huffington Post| |
On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the ] in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat ].<ref>{{cite news| date = September 22, 2009| first=Jason|last= Linkins| url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/22/carly-fiorina-launches-wo_n_295233.html| title = Carly Fiorina Launches 'Worst Political Website Ever'| work=The Huffington Post|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| date = February 21, 2009| first = Joshua| last = Sharp| title = Carly Fiorina "Considering" Bid to Oust Barbara Boxer in 2010| url = http://brighthall.aol.com/2009/02/21/carly-fiorina-considering-bid-to-oust-barbara-boxer-in-2010/| work = Politics Daily| access-date = May 9, 2015| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150601022853/http://brighthall.aol.com/2009/02/21/carly-fiorina-considering-bid-to-oust-barbara-boxer-in-2010/| archive-date = June 1, 2015| df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/politics/The-Splash-Page-Mocked-Across-the-Internet-61483902.html| first = Olsen| last = Ebright| title = The Splash Page Mocked Across the Internet: Carly Fiorina's website gets its online comeuppance| work = NBC San Diego| date = September 25, 2009| access-date = October 13, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101023145304/http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/politics/The-Splash-Page-Mocked-Across-the-Internet-61483902.html| archive-date = October 23, 2010| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.marinij.com/opinion/ci_13403671| title = Marin Voice: Boxer appears ready for 2010 re-election battle| first = Richard| last = Rubin| work = ]| date = February 15, 2005| access-date = October 13, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090928065641/http://www.marinij.com/opinion/ci_13403671| archive-date = September 28, 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref> Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from ] in the form of a ] note.<ref>{{cite web|first=Andy|last= Barr|date=May 6, 2010| url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0510/36916.html|title=Facebook turns on Sarah Palin|work=Politico|access-date = May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/05/11/conservative-gives-the-candidate-he-backs-in-california-an-ultimatum|title=Conservative gives the candidate he backs in California an ultimatum|publisher=]|date=May 11, 2010|last=Travis|first=Shannon|access-date=May 9, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714175238/https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/05/11/conservative-gives-the-candidate-he-backs-in-california-an-ultimatum/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her campaign ad about Republican rival ] featuring a "]"{{snd}}created by Fiorina advertising consultant ]{{snd}}generated largely negative international publicity.<ref>{{cite news|last=Garofoli |first=Joe |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Demon-sheep-ad-may-be-bad-move-experts-say-3274078.php |title='Demon sheep' ad may be bad move, experts say |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=February 5, 2010 |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Wackelnder demokratischer Senatssitz | author=snu | newspaper=Neue Zürcher Zeitung | location = Zurich | date = April 28, 2010 | page = 9 | language = de |trans-title=Uncertain democratic senate seat | quote = Sie dürfte sich indes mit ihren filmtechnisch stümperhaften, inhaltlich dümmlichen Werbespots gegen ihren innerparteilichen Widersacher Tom Campbell komprimittiert haben. Darin zeichnet Fiorina den allgemein als kompetent und freundlich geltenden Abgeordneten als gefährlichen Wolf im Schafspelz. }}</ref> After the ad went ], the ] created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.<ref>{{cite web|last=Feldmann|first=Linda|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2010/0507/Demon-Sheep-the-sequel-starring-Carly-Fiorina|title=Demon Sheep: the sequel, starring Carly Fiorina|work=]|date=May 7, 2010|access-date = May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and |
On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and state assemblyman ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baycitizen.org/news/june-8-election/fiorina-eyes-boxer-after-primary-win/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073355/https://www.baycitizen.org/news/june-8-election/fiorina-eyes-boxer-after-primary-win/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 18, 2015|title=Fiorina Eyes Boxer After Primary Win|last=Shih|first=Gerry|work=The Bay Citizen|date=June 8, 2010|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
A '']'' search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."<ref name="Hiltzik">{{cite news| date = November 5, 2009| last = Hiltzik | first= Michael| title = Carly Fiorina's Senate campaign an uninspiring product launch| url = http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik5-2009nov05,0,5859115.column|work=Los Angeles Times| |
A '']'' search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."<ref name="Hiltzik">{{cite news| date = November 5, 2009| last = Hiltzik | first= Michael| title = Carly Fiorina's Senate campaign an uninspiring product launch| url = http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik5-2009nov05,0,5859115.column|work=Los Angeles Times| access-date = November 8, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Lin">{{cite news| date = November 5, 2009| last = Lin | first = Judy| title = Fiorina: 'Shame on me' for not voting more| url = https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091106/ap_on_el_se/us_fiorina_voting| agency=Associated Press| work=Yahoo! News| access-date = November 8, 2009}}</ref> | ||
The ''Los Angeles Times'' noted that Fiorina had ] positions on certain ]. She personally opposed ], except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 7, 2010 |first=Max |last=Strasser |title=What Is Carly Fiorina's Position on Abortion? |url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/10/07/what-is-carly-fiorinas-position-on-abortion/ | |
The ''Los Angeles Times'' noted that Fiorina had ] positions on certain ]. She personally opposed ], except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 7, 2010 |first=Max |last=Strasser |title=What Is Carly Fiorina's Position on Abortion? |url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/10/07/what-is-carly-fiorinas-position-on-abortion/ |access-date=May 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014210220/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/10/07/what-is-carly-fiorinas-position-on-abortion/ |archive-date=October 14, 2010 }}</ref> As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for ], which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.<ref>{{cite news| date = January 15, 2010| first=Seema |last=Mehta| title = Tom Campbell leaves California governor's race, enters Senate contest| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jan-15-la-me-senate15-2010jan15-story.html|work=]|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bolcer|first=Julie|url=http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/08/05/Fiorina_Opposed_to_Prop_8_Ruling/|title=Fiorina Opposed to Prop 8 Ruling|date=August 5, 2010|work=]|access-date=August 5, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823131641/http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/08/05/Fiorina_Opposed_to_Prop_8_Ruling/|archive-date=August 23, 2010}}</ref> She stated that she opposed ] for ] nominations and did not favor a federal ] amendment.<ref>{{cite web | first=Mike|last=Zapler|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/elections/ci_16209355?source=rss|work=San Jose Mercury News|title=Fiorina, Boxer clash in radio debate|date=September 29, 2010|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina had called ] a "serious issue" but said that the science surrounding it is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis."<ref>{{cite news | first=Mark | last=Zapler | title=Fiorina faces the D.C. press corps, but offers few specifics | date=November 18, 2009 | work=San Jose Mercury-News | url =http://www.insidebayarea.com/oaklandtribune/localnews/ci_13823414?source=rss | access-date = March 15, 2010 }}</ref> In a campaign ad, Fiorina likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather."<ref>{{cite news | title = Carly Fiorina calls climate change the "weather" | date = June 6, 2010 | url = http://content.usatoday.com/communities/greenhouse/post/2010/06/carly-fiorina-calls-climate-change-the-weather/1 | work=USA Today | access-date = June 7, 2010 | first=Wendy | last=Koch}}</ref> Fiorina accepted contributions from the coal industry<ref>{{cite news | first=Lance |last=Williams | date = July 27, 2010 | title = Fiorina backed by coal-mining firms| url = https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Fiorina-backed-by-coal-mining-firms-3179973.php | work=The San Francisco Chronicle|access-date= May 9, 2015}}</ref> as well as ].<ref>{{cite news | first=Tim|last= Rutten | date = September 25, 2010 |access-date=May 9, 2015| title = Fiorina's Billionaire Backers| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-25-la-oe-rutten-fiorina-koch-20100925-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Fiorina opposed the ] supported by Boxer, and thought efforts to control ]es would cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".<ref>{{cite news| first=Sam |last=Stein| title = Demon Sheep Ad Man Strikes Again, Morphs Boxer Into a Blimp (Video)| url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/13/demon-sheep-ad-man-strike_n_497933.html| work=The Huffington Post| date=March 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Carla|last1=Marinucci|first2=Joe|last2=Garofoli|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/03/14/MNI91CFEOE.DTL&sfgabt=ttmabtctopstories|title=Lots of tough talk at state GOP convention|date=March 14, 2010|work=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=May 17, 2010}}</ref> | ||
In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between {{USD}}30 million and {{USD}}120 million,<ref>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/carly-fiorina-actively-explores-2016-presidential-run-but-faces-gop-critics/2014/11/25/b317b1a2-74b3-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html| |
In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between {{USD}}30 million and {{USD}}120 million,<ref>{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/carly-fiorina-actively-explores-2016-presidential-run-but-faces-gop-critics/2014/11/25/b317b1a2-74b3-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=August 18, 2015|first=Philip|last=Rucker|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> and by October 22, Fiorina had contributed a total of {{USD}}6.5 million to her own race.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2010/10/22/fiorina-adds-1-million-for-final-push-in-senate-race/ |title= Fiorina adds {{USD}}1 million for final push in Senate race| work= ]|date= October 22, 2010|access-date=May 1, 2014|author=<!--Staff writer(s ); no by-line.-->}}</ref> | ||
Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither ] nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/Senate/2010/1008/Toxic-touch-Why-Carly-Fiorina-and-Meg-Whitman-shy-from-Sarah-Palin |title='Toxic' touch? Why Carly Fiorina and Meg Whitman shy from Sarah Palin. |work=]|first=Daniel B. |last=Wood|date=October 8, 2010| |
Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither ] (the Republican nominee for ]) nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/Senate/2010/1008/Toxic-touch-Why-Carly-Fiorina-and-Meg-Whitman-shy-from-Sarah-Palin |title='Toxic' touch? Why Carly Fiorina and Meg Whitman shy from Sarah Palin. |work=]|first=Daniel B. |last=Wood|date=October 8, 2010|access-date=May 1, 2014}}</ref> | ||
Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.<ref>{{cite news|url= |
Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-04-la-me-1104-senate-20101104-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=Barbara Boxer overcame several hurdles to defeat Carly Fiorina in Senate race|last=Reston|first=Maeve|date=November 4, 2010|access-date= May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
==="Unlocking Potential Project" PAC=== | ==="Unlocking Potential Project" PAC=== | ||
Fiorina launched and developed a ] (PAC) known as "Up-Project" (short for "Unlocking Potential Project")<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fiorina|first1=Carly|title=Unlocking Potential Project|url=https://up-project.org/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707135745/http://www.up-project.org/index.php| |
Fiorina launched and developed a ] (PAC) known as "Up-Project" (short for "Unlocking Potential Project")<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fiorina|first1=Carly|title=Unlocking Potential Project|url=https://up-project.org/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707135745/http://www.up-project.org/index.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 7, 2014|website=Up Project|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> from 2011 to 2014. The stated mission of the organization was "...to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying, persuading and turning-out voters..."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sadler|first1=Frank|first2=Carly|last2=Fiorina|title=Unlocking Potential Project|url=https://www.up-project.org/mission.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706133546/http://www.up-project.org/mission.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 6, 2014|publisher=UP-Project.org|access-date=May 6, 2015|page=Our Mission}}</ref> In November 2014, ''The Washington Post'' reported that "Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler, who once worked for Koch Industries, and Stephen DeMaura, a strategist who heads ], a pro-business advocacy group in Virginia";<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rucker|first1= Philip|first2=Matea |last2=Gold|title=Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/carly-fiorina-actively-explores-2016-presidential-run-but-faces-gop-critics/2014/11/25/b317b1a2-74b3-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html?wprss=rss_politics|access-date=May 6, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> The Up-Project website lists Fiorina as chair.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina Chair, Unlocking Potential Project|url=https://up-project.org/leadership.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815223324/http://www.up-project.org/leadership.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 15, 2014|publisher=Unlocking Potential Project|access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> | ||
===American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC=== | ===American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC=== | ||
]), in ], |
]), in ], February 26, 2015.]] | ||
On October 1, 2013, ], chair of the ] (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm.<ref name=ACUFappoint>{{cite web|last1=Rigas|first1=Laura|title=ACU Announces Carly Fiorina as New Chair of Foundation|url=http://conservative.org/acu-announces-carly-fiorina-as-new-chairman-of-foundation/|website=American Conservative Union (ACU) (conservative.org)|publisher=American Conservative Union (ACU)| |
On October 1, 2013, ], chair of the ] (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm.<ref name=ACUFappoint>{{cite web|last1=Rigas|first1=Laura|title=ACU Announces Carly Fiorina as New Chair of Foundation|url=http://conservative.org/acu-announces-carly-fiorina-as-new-chairman-of-foundation/|website=American Conservative Union (ACU) (conservative.org)|publisher=American Conservative Union (ACU)|access-date=May 13, 2015|location=Washington, DC|date=September 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095105/http://conservative.org/acu-announces-carly-fiorina-as-new-chairman-of-foundation/|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ACU is a conservative ] organization, while the ACUF is its affiliated ] foundation, which organizes the annual ] (CPAC).<ref name=Kucinich/><ref name=ACUFappoint/> | ||
Fiorina was co-chair of CPAC 2014, making a speech at the conference.<ref name=Kucinich/> At CPAC 2015, Fiorina again made a speech at the conference.<ref name="Geraghty"/><ref name=Kucinich/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Berenson|first1=Tessa|title=Carly Fiorina Slams Hillary Clinton at CPAC|url= |
Fiorina was co-chair of CPAC 2014, making a speech at the conference.<ref name=Kucinich/> At CPAC 2015, Fiorina again made a speech at the conference.<ref name="Geraghty"/><ref name=Kucinich/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Berenson|first1=Tessa|title=Carly Fiorina Slams Hillary Clinton at CPAC|url=https://time.com/3724345/carly-fiorina-hillary-clinton-cpac/|access-date=May 15, 2015|agency=Time Inc.|journal=Time Magazine (Time.com)|date=February 26, 2015}}</ref> It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech,<ref name="Geraghty"/><ref name=Kucinich/> but Fiorina did not, instead making her official announcement months later, on May 4, 2015, in a television and promotional video, therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate ].<ref name=Chozick>{{cite news|last1=Chozick|first1=Amy|title=Carly Fiorina Announces 2016 Presidential Bid, Citing Years Leading Hewlett-Packard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/us/politics/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid.html|access-date=May 15, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=May 4, 2015|format=Text and video}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015.<ref>Andrew J. Tobias, , ''Cleveland Plain Dealer'' (August 4, 2015).</ref> | Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015.<ref>Andrew J. Tobias, , ''Cleveland Plain Dealer'' (August 4, 2015).</ref> | ||
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{{Main|Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016}} | {{Main|Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016}} | ||
], October 2015.]] | ], October 2015.]] | ||
Fiorina ruled out running for the ] ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Carly-Fiorina-won-t-rule-out-run-for-White-House-5775910.php|title=Carly Fiorina won't rule out run for White House|date=September 24, 2014| |
Fiorina ruled out running for the ] ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Carly-Fiorina-won-t-rule-out-run-for-White-House-5775910.php|title=Carly Fiorina won't rule out run for White House|date=September 24, 2014|access-date=September 26, 2014|first=Carla |last=Marinucci|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> but refused to rule out running for president ] or ] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2014/07/28/carly-fiorina-taking-2016-temperature|title=A Female Republican for President in 2016?|work=]|access-date=September 9, 2014|date=July 28, 2014|first=David|last=Catanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jobs.aol.com/videos/job-search/carly-fiorina-running-for-president/517673252/|title=Carly Fiorina Running For President?|publisher=AOL|access-date=September 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=March 14, 2014|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/national-party-news/200842-carly-fiorina-a-true-west-conservative-at-cpac-2014/|title=Carly Fiorina: A "True West" conservative at CPAC 2014|work=The Hill|access-date=September 9, 2014|first=Bernie|last=Quigley}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=June 30, 2014|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/30/opinion/cupp-interview-carly-fiorina/index.html|title=Carly Fiorina slams Dems' 'War on Women' campaign|publisher=CNN|access-date=September 9, 2014|last=Cupp|first=S.E.}}</ref> In November 2014, '']'' reported that Fiorina was "actively exploring" a run for president. Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a "sea of suited men" were mentioned as positives, though Republican strategists pointed to her poor 2010 Senate performance, unpaid campaign debt, and dismissal from HP as "considerable challenges" to her prospects.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/carly-fiorina-actively-explores-2016-presidential-run-but-faces-gop-critics/2014/11/25/b317b1a2-74b3-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html?wpisrc=nl_politics&wpmm=1|title=Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics|date=November 25, 2014|access-date=November 26, 2014|first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |first2=Matea |last2=Gold|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> In March 2015, Fiorina said on '']'' that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last=Knowles|first=David|date=March 29, 2015|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-03-29/the-chances-of-carly-fiorina-running-are-higher-than-90-percent- |title=Carly Fiorina Says Chances of Running Are 'Higher Than 90 Percent'|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date= May 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on '']'', with ].<ref name="Yes">{{cite web|last=Gass|first=Nick|date=May 4, 2015|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html|title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for President'|work=]| |
On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on '']'', with ].<ref name="Yes">{{cite web|last=Gass|first=Nick|date=May 4, 2015|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html|title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for President'|work=]|access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of ]. It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.<ref>{{cite web|last=Glueck|first=Katie|date=May 4, 2015|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-launch-117605.html|title=Carly Fiorina steps into White House race, swinging at Hillary Clinton|work=Politico|access-date= May 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and ] that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=MJ|date=May 5, 2015|url= http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/politics/carly-fiorina-hewlett-packard-2016-elections/index.html | title=Carly Fiorina's HP record clouds her campaign launch| publisher = CNN| |
Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and ] that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=MJ|date=May 5, 2015|url= http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/politics/carly-fiorina-hewlett-packard-2016-elections/index.html | title=Carly Fiorina's HP record clouds her campaign launch| publisher = CNN| access-date=May 6, 2015}}</ref> Campaign Manager, ], deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."<ref>{{cite news|last=Beres|first=Damon |date=May 4, 2015 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/04/carly-fiorina-website_n_7204826.html?ir=Business |title=Presidential Candidate Carly Fiorina Didn't Register carlyfiorina.org, And It's Coming Back To Haunt Her|work= ]|access-date= May 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunham|first1=Will|last2=Hay|first2=Andrew |date=May 5, 2015 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/05/carly-fiorina-hewlett-packard_n_7213890.html?fb_comment_id=823669064388570_823754097713400&comment_id=823702464385230&reply_comment_id=823754097713400&offset=0&total_comments=195#f1598c8070f180c |title=Carly Fiorina Defends Tenure At Hewlett-Packard After Criticism Over Layoffs|agency=].|access-date=May 6, 2015}}</ref> | ||
On August 6, Fiorina participated in ] first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News ] debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Republicans Face Off In First GOP Debate Of 2016 Election|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/08/06/republican-debate-live-updates_n_7949740.html|website = The Huffington Post| |
On August 6, Fiorina participated in ] first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News ] debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Republicans Face Off In First GOP Debate Of 2016 Election|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/08/06/republican-debate-live-updates_n_7949740.html|website = The Huffington Post|access-date = August 7, 2015|date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina's performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Carly Fiorina shines in first GOP debate|url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/06/politics/carly-fiorina-republican-debate/index.html|publisher = CNN|access-date = August 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Carly Fiorina won the 'Happy Hour' debate. By a lot.|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/08/06/carly-fiorina-won-the-happy-hour-debate-by-a-lot/|newspaper = The Washington Post|date = August 6, 2015|access-date = August 7, 2015|issn = 0190-8286|first = Chris|last = Cillizza}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Marco Rubio and Carly Fiorina win the Republican debate|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2015/08/07/marco-rubio-and-carly-fiorina-win-the-republican-debate/|newspaper = The Washington Post|date = August 7, 2015|access-date = August 7, 2015|issn = 0190-8286|first = Jonathan|last = Capehart}}</ref> Following the debate, several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Carly Fiorina looks to break out after a shining performance in the undercard debate|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/will-carly-fiorina-be-able-to-break-out-after-her-shining-debate-performance/2015/08/06/477c0de0-3c8a-11e5-8e98-115a3cf7d7ae_story.html?tid=hybrid_collaborative_2_na|newspaper = The Washington Post|date = August 6, 2015|access-date = August 7, 2015|issn = 0190-8286|first1 = Jenna|last1 = Johnson|first2 = Vanessa|last2 = Williams}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Good debate: Is Carly ready for more spotlight?| date=August 7, 2015 |url = https://www.cnbc.com/2015/08/07/good-debate-is-carly-fiorina-ready-for-more-spotlight.html|publisher = CNBC|access-date = August 7, 2015}}</ref> On August 9, Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support.<ref>{{Cite news|title = How Carly Fiorina plans to capitalize on the presidential debate buzz; Sen. Rand Paul fires back at Donald Trump's jabs|url = https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/how-carly-fiorina-plans-to-capitalize-on-the-presidential-debate-buzz-sen-rand-paul-fires-back-at-donald-trumps-jabs/|access-date = August 10, 2015 | publisher=Fox News Channel|date=August 9, 2015}}</ref> In an ] by NBC and ] on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of ] with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Donald Trump Still in the Lead After Debates: New NBC News/Survey Monkey Poll|website = ]| date=August 10, 2015 |url = http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/new-nbc-news-survey-monkey-poll-donald-trump-still-lead-n406766|access-date = August 10, 2015}}</ref> At another debate in September, hosted by CNN, Fiorina misrepresented a ], describing a grisly scene which was not in the video. She was sharply criticized for this in the media;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-it-s-time-for-fiorina-to-apologize-20150918-column.html |title=Column: It's time for Carly Fiorina to apologize to Planned Parenthood |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael |date=September 18, 2015 |newspaper=] |access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref> the gaffe consumed much of the post-debate coverage.<ref name=Politifact/> ] responded that she had lied, saying it was "not the first time Carly Fiorina has lied."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/planned-parenthood-carly-fiorina-debate-lying-213794 |title=Planned Parenthood accuses Fiorina of lying during debate |date=September 17, 2015 |last=Gass |first=Nick |website=] |access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref> ] chief editor ] mentioned this particular lie in a December 2015 comparison of the presidential candidates with regard to their truthfulness. In the comparison, Fiorina scored 50% falsehood, the sixth worst performance.<ref name=Politifact>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/opinion/campaign-stops/all-politicians-lie-some-lie-more-than-others.html?_r=0 |last=Holan |first=Angie Drobnic |authorlink=Angie Drobnic Holan |date=December 13, 2015 |title=All Politicians Lie. Some Lie More Than Others. |newspaper=] |access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref> | ||
'']'' pointed out her role as foil to ], saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fund|first1=John|title=Fiorina Has Hillary Defenders Worried|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417152/fiorina-has-hillary-defenders-worried-john-fund| |
'']'' pointed out her role as foil to ], saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fund|first1=John|title=Fiorina Has Hillary Defenders Worried|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417152/fiorina-has-hillary-defenders-worried-john-fund|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=National Review|publisher=nationalreview.com|date=April 19, 2015}}</ref> '']'' commented, "With so-called women's issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election, Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldberg|first1=Michelle|title=Carly Fiorina Is Running to Be 2016's Sarah Palin|url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/206177/carly-fiorina-running-be-2016s-sarah-palin|access-date=May 11, 2015|work=The Nation|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> ], then CEO of ], stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States, stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important, and that "it's very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States".<ref>{{cite web|title=HP head Meg Whitman: Carly Fiorina needs more than CEO experience|url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/11/01/news/meg-whitman-carly-fiorina/|publisher=CNN|access-date=November 2, 2015|date=November 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = HP CEO Says That Carly Fiorina Is Not Qualified To Be President|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/meg-whitman-carly-fiorina-president_56376f54e4b0c66bae5ced9f|website = The Huffington Post|access-date = November 2, 2015|date=November 2, 2015}}</ref> | ||
As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of {{USD}}59 million, with {{USD}}12 million in income in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina reveals personal net worth of {{USD}}59 million|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/carly-fiorina-personal-net-worth-118637.html|publisher=Politico| |
As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of {{USD}}59 million, with {{USD}}12 million in income in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina reveals personal net worth of {{USD}}59 million|date=June 4, 2015 |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/carly-fiorina-personal-net-worth-118637.html|publisher=Politico|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ballhaus |first=Rebecca |date=June 3, 2015 |title=Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have $59 Million Net Worth |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/carly-fiorina-and-her-husband-have-59-million-net-worth-1433388117 |newspaper=] |location=New York |access-date=August 17, 2015|quote=Republican presidential candidate Carly Fiorina and her husband have a net worth of $59 million, her campaign said late Wednesday, making her one of the wealthiest candidates in the race so far.}}</ref> '']'' estimates Fiorina's net worth between {{USD}}30 million and {{USD}}120 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina Leadership: Former Hewlett-Packard CEO's Net Worth, Why She Was Fired As First Female Executive Of Fortune 500 Company|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/carly-fiorina-leadership-former-hewlett-packard-ceos-net-worth-why-she-was-fired-1907075|work=International Business Times|access-date=August 18, 2015|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner ] in the September 16, 2015 debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate,<ref>{{cite |
Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner ] in the September 16, 2015, debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-idUSKCN0RH1Z520150917|title=U.S. Republican debate brings outsider Fiorina to the fore|work=Reuters|date=September 17, 2015|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=November 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123021807/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/17/us-usa-election-idUSKCN0RH1Z520150917|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Jeremy W. Peters – , ''The New York Times'', September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015</ref><ref>Sean Sullivan and Jose A. DelReal – , ''The Washington Post'', September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015</ref> but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October,<ref name=NYT1020>{{cite web|title=Carly Fiorina's Numbers Plunge in Latest CNN Poll|url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/10/20/carly-fiorinas-numbers-plunge-in-latest-cnn-poll/|work=The New York Times|date=October 20, 2015 |access-date=October 20, 2015|quote=The numbers were bad news for Mrs. Fiorina, the former chief executive of Hewlett-Packard, who stood up to Mr. Trump during the last Republican debate and won accolades for her crisp, forceful performance. However, her bounce in the polls appears to have been ephemeral, and her support has dropped to just 4 percent, from 15 percent in September, the poll showed.}}</ref> and to 3% in December.<ref>{{cite web|title=GOP poll: Trump ahead, Carson down, Rubio and Cruz gaining|url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2015/12/02/carly-fiorina-yahoo-search/|work=USA Today|access-date=December 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bump For Trump As Carson Fades In Republican Race, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Clinton, Sanders Surge In Matchups With GOP Leaders|url=http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2307|publisher=Quinnipiac University|access-date=December 2, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202140928/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2307|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/02/10/carly-fiorina-republican-presidential-race/80031768/|title=Carly Fiorina suspends GOP presidential bid|work=]|date=February 10, 2016| |
On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/02/10/carly-fiorina-republican-presidential-race/80031768/|title=Carly Fiorina suspends GOP presidential bid|work=]|date=February 10, 2016|access-date=February 10, 2016|first=Cooper|last= Allen}}</ref> On March 9, 2016, Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator ] for President, saying she was "horrified" by Donald Trump, and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him.<ref name="Fiorina for Cruz">{{Cite web|last=Manchester|first=Julia|date=2016-03-09|title=Ex-rival Fiorina endorses Cruz, 'horrified' by Trump|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/09/politics/ted-cruz-carly-fiorina-endorsement-florida/index.html|access-date=2021-04-04|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> | ||
===Vice presidential campaign=== | ===Vice presidential campaign and aftermath=== | ||
On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate,<ref name="VP pick">{{cite news|last1=Kopan|first1=Tal|title=Ted Cruz names Carly Fiorina as VP pick|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/27/politics/ted-cruz-carly-fiorina-vice-president/| |
On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate,<ref name="VP pick">{{cite news|last1=Kopan|first1=Tal|title=Ted Cruz names Carly Fiorina as VP pick|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/27/politics/ted-cruz-carly-fiorina-vice-president/|access-date=April 27, 2016|publisher=]}}</ref> but after losing the ] six days later, he suspended his campaign,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ted Cruz Drops Out Of The 2016 Presidential Race|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ted-cruz-drops-out-2016_us_561c5138e4b028dd7ea4e838|access-date=May 3, 2016|work=]|date=May 4, 2016}}</ref> making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/05/03/carly-fiorina-and-the-shortest-vice-presidential-candidacy-in-modern-history/|title=Carly Fiorina and the shortest vice presidential candidacy in modern history|last=Phillips|first=Amber|date=May 3, 2016|newspaper=]|access-date=May 4, 2016}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina received one electoral college vote for |
Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a ] in Texas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-wins-enough-electoral-votes-to-become-president-1482187075|title=Donald Trump Wins Enough Electoral Votes to Become President|last=Tau|first=Byron|date=December 20, 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=June 25, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Following Trump's election, Fiorina was considered for the position of ] during the ].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=2016-12-12|title=Trump considering Fiorina for director of national intelligence: New York Times|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-fiorina-idUSKBN14122B|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> In ], Fiorina endorsed ]'s presidential campaign due to her disapproval of President Donald Trump.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> | ||
==Political positions== | ==Political positions== | ||
{{main|Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016#Political positions}}When she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a |
{{main|Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016#Political positions}}When she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a moderate Republican with little history on social issues" and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/11/04/fiorina.senate/index.html|title=Fiorina jumps into high-profile California Senate race |publisher=CNN|first=Alexander |last=Mooney|access-date=July 25, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 2017, she has described herself as ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hoover.org/research/carly-fiorina-future-united-states|title=Carly Fiorina On The Future Of The United States|work=Hoover Institution|access-date=July 25, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Fiorina announced that she would vote for ] for President.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Dovere|first=Edward-Isaac|date=June 25, 2020|title=She Wanted to Be a Republican President. She's Voting for Biden.|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/06/carly-fiorina-vote-biden/613474/|access-date=June 30, 2020|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Ex-GOP presidential candidate Carly Fiorina says she'll vote for Biden over Trump|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/carly-fiorina-repubican-vote-biden-over-trump/|access-date=June 30, 2020|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=June 25, 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> '']'', a non-partisan organization which analyzes candidates' positions and conducts polling, considered Fiorina to be within the ] and ] wings of the GOP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-5-key-constituencies-of-the-2020-democratic-primary/|title=The 5 Key Constituencies Of The 2020 Democratic Primary|last=Dottle|first=Rachael|date=January 10, 2019|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref> | ||
=== Social |
=== Social issues === | ||
Fiorina is ].<ref name="PetroskiSoapbox">William Petroski, , ''Des Moines Register'' (August 17, 2015).</ref> She expressed support for legislation to ban ] 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.<ref name="PBS Issues">{{cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/carly-fiorina-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues/|title=What does Carly Fiorina believe? Where the candidate stands on 10 issues|last1=Desjardins|first1=Lisa|date=July 2, 2015|newspaper=]|access-date=August 17, 2015|last2=McHaney|first2=Sarah|location=]}}</ref> In 2010, she said that '']'' was settled law, but later reversed that position.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/2016/carly_fiorina_abortion.htm|title=Carly Fiorina on Abortion|website=www.ontheissues.org|access-date=July 25, 2018}}</ref> Fiorina supported overturning ''Roe v. Wade'', the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized ], allowing states to set their own abortion policies.<ref name="PBS Issues" /> She does support ] if the embryos were not created for that purpose.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Carly_Fiorina.htm|title=Carly Fiorina on the Issues|website=www.ontheissues.org|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/09/senatorial-debate-with-carly-fiorina-sept-1-2010/|title=Senatorial Debate with Carly Fiorina |date= September 1, 2010|website=Archives of Women's Political Communication|language=en|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref> | |||
In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the ],<ref name="PBS Issues" /> but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue,<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/us/politics/carly-fiorina-on-the-issues.html|title=Carly Fiorina on the Issues|last1=Gerry|first1=Mullany|date=May 4, 2015|work=The New York Times| |
In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the ],<ref name="PBS Issues" /> but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue,<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/us/politics/carly-fiorina-on-the-issues.html|title=Carly Fiorina on the Issues|last1=Gerry|first1=Mullany|date=May 4, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 13, 2015}}</ref> and has "implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem".<ref name="PBS Issues" /> | ||
Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform.<ref name="WaPo.drug-addiction" /> Fiorina opposes ], but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the ] in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.<ref name="Rifkin">Jesse Rifkin, , ''The Huffington Post'' (May 8, 2015).</ref> | Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform.<ref name="WaPo.drug-addiction" /> Fiorina opposes the ], but says that she believes in ], and that as president she will not enforce the ] in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.<ref name="Rifkin">Jesse Rifkin, , ''The Huffington Post'' (May 8, 2015).</ref> | ||
While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the ].<ref name="Hensch">Mark Hensch, , ''The Hill'' (May 31, 2015).</ref><ref name="FiorinaVoucher">Carly Fiorina, , ''Iowa Republican'' (July 22, 2015).</ref> In September 2015, Fiorina said: "], ], Common Core |
While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the ].<ref name="Hensch">Mark Hensch, , ''The Hill'' (May 31, 2015).</ref><ref name="FiorinaVoucher">Carly Fiorina, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819075417/http://theiowarepublican.com/2015/fiorina-how-to-fix-our-broken-education-system-give-every-parent-and-student-a-choice-and-a-chance/ |date=August 19, 2015 }}, ''Iowa Republican'' (July 22, 2015).</ref> In September 2015, Fiorina said: "], ], Common Core – they're all big, bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation."<ref name="Ben-Meir">Ilan Ben-Meir, , BuzzFeed News (September 11, 2015).</ref> This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U.S. Senate from California.<ref name="Ben-Meir" /><ref>Alyson Klein, , ''Education Week'' (May 5, 2015) ("Fiorina's position on Common Core has also, umm, 'evolved.' As an ultimately unsuccessful Senate candidate in 2010, Fiorina praised the Obama administration's Race to the Top program{{snd}}which encouraged the adoption of Common Core{{snd}}on her campaign website. Without mentioning Common Core by name specifically, she lauded the program for championing 'internationally benchmarked' standards and assessments that help prepare students for the 21st-century job market. But more recently, she has tweaked others in the GOP field, especially former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, for their support of the standards...").</ref> In that campaign, Fiorina issued a position paper in which she "strongly advocated for metric-based accountability in schools" and "praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards, and Race to the Top for using internationally-benchmarked measures."<ref name="PBS Issues" /> | ||
In California, Fiorina supported the ], which would allow ] when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany" /><ref name="Knowles">David Knowles, , Bloomberg (May 4, 2015). |
In California, Fiorina supported the ], which would allow ] when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany" /><ref name="Knowles">David Knowles, , Bloomberg (May 4, 2015).</ref> | ||
Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported ]s. She later said that she hoped the nation would support ], the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/carly-fiorina-softens-gay-marriage|title=Carly Fiorina softens on gay marriage|date= |
Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported ]s. She later said that she hoped the nation would support '']'', the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/carly-fiorina-softens-gay-marriage|title=Carly Fiorina softens on gay marriage|date=May 12, 2015|website=MSNBC|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref> In November 2009, during a '']'' interview, Fiorina said that she voted in favor of ], a ] that banned same-sex marriage in that state. During the ], Fiorina was endorsed by ], a ] organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carlyforca.com/2010/06/carly-fiorina-earns-endorsement-of-goproud/|title=Carly Fiorina Earns Endorsement of GOProud – Carly Fiorina for California|website=CarlyforCalifornia.com|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001132507/http://carlyforca.com/2010/06/carly-fiorina-earns-endorsement-of-goproud/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Fiorina stated that she supported the ], but also supported ].<ref>Jason Linkins, , ''The Huffington Post'' (September 2, 2010).</ref> She supported the ].<ref name=":4" /> In 2015, Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same ].<ref>, Bloomberg News (April 1, 2015).</ref> She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/carly-fiorina-softens-gay-marriage|title=Carly Fiorina softens on gay marriage|work=MSNBC|access-date=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2017, Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of ], a political action committee which supports LGBT rights.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/carly-fiorina-headlines-40th-anniversary-of-gop-lgbt-group|title=Carly Fiorina headlines 40th anniversary of GOP LGBT group|date=August 15, 2017|work=Washington Examiner|access-date=July 25, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In her address, she said, "Everyone has to be free to be who they are."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2017/09/28/log-cabin-celebrates-40-years-trump-hotel-no-talk-trump/|title=Log Cabin celebrates 40 years at Trump hotel – with no talk of Trump|date=September 28, 2017|website=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|language=en-US|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid ] to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.<ref name="KWalshUSNews08102015">{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2015/08/10/carly-fiorina-gains-national-attention|title=Carly Fiorina Gains National Attention|last=Walsh|first=Kenneth T.|date=August 10, 2015|newspaper=]|access-date=August 16, 2015|location=]|quote=I'm not saying I oppose paid maternity leave. What I'm saying is I oppose the federal government mandating paid maternity leave to every company out there. I don't think it's the role of government to dictate to the private sector how to manage their businesses, especially when it's pretty clear that the private sector, like Netflix ... is doing the right thing because they know it helps them attract the right talent.}}</ref><ref name="DJamiesonHuffPost08092015">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/carly-fiorina-opposes-paid-maternity-leave-requirement_55c75afee4b0f1cbf1e549ae|title=Carly Fiorina Opposes A Paid Maternity Leave Requirement|last=Jamieson|first=Dave|date=August 9, 2015|work=]| |
Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid ] to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.<ref name="KWalshUSNews08102015">{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2015/08/10/carly-fiorina-gains-national-attention|title=Carly Fiorina Gains National Attention|last=Walsh|first=Kenneth T.|date=August 10, 2015|newspaper=]|access-date=August 16, 2015|location=]|quote=I'm not saying I oppose paid maternity leave. What I'm saying is I oppose the federal government mandating paid maternity leave to every company out there. I don't think it's the role of government to dictate to the private sector how to manage their businesses, especially when it's pretty clear that the private sector, like Netflix ... is doing the right thing because they know it helps them attract the right talent.}}</ref><ref name="DJamiesonHuffPost08092015">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/carly-fiorina-opposes-paid-maternity-leave-requirement_55c75afee4b0f1cbf1e549ae|title=Carly Fiorina Opposes A Paid Maternity Leave Requirement|last=Jamieson|first=Dave|date=August 9, 2015|work=]|access-date=August 10, 2015|location=New York}}</ref> She also pointed out that HP, while she was CEO, offered paid maternity leave.<ref name="KWalshUSNews08102015" /> | ||
===Foreign and military policy=== | ===Foreign and military policy=== | ||
Fiorina has criticized the ], saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East;<ref>David Sirota & Andrew Perez, , ''International Business Times'' (August 6, 2015).</ref> that the agreement is a "flawed deal";<ref>Carly Fiorina, , Fox News (April 2, 2015).</ref> and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it.<ref name="RKaplanCBS07142015">{{cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Rebecca |date=July 14, 2015 |title=Carly Fiorina: U.S. broke every rule in Iran negotiations |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/carly-fiorina-u-s-broke-every-rule-in-iran-negotiations/ | |
Fiorina has criticized the ], saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East;<ref>David Sirota & Andrew Perez, , ''International Business Times'' (August 6, 2015).</ref> that the agreement is a "flawed deal";<ref>Carly Fiorina, , Fox News (April 2, 2015).</ref> and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it.<ref name="RKaplanCBS07142015">{{cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Rebecca |date=July 14, 2015 |title=Carly Fiorina: U.S. broke every rule in Iran negotiations |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/carly-fiorina-u-s-broke-every-rule-in-iran-negotiations/ |work=]}}</ref> Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the ] and ] was suspect because ] and ] have an interest in gaining access to Iran's economy and the ] "has negotiated, frankly, a number of weak deals."<ref name="RKaplanCBS07142015"/> Fiorina opposes the ], telling ] that if elected she would close the ].<ref>Simon Maloy, , ''Salon'' (July 2, 2015).</ref> | ||
In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger, Fiorina said of the Chinese: "They're not terribly imaginative. They're not entrepreneurial. They don't innovate. That's why they're stealing our intellectual property."<ref>Lydia O'Connor, , ''The Huffington Post'' (May 26, 2015).</ref> Fiorina supports keeping the ] in Cuba open.<ref name="Catanese">David Catanese, , ''U.S. News & World Report'' (September 22, 2015).</ref> In September 2015, Fiorina "offered a vigorous defense of CIA ]," a tactic used by the United States during the ] ].<ref name="Isikoff" /> Fiorina's interest in national security issues led to her name being floated for the position of ] by Donald Trump during the ].<ref name=":3" /> | |||
=== Economic and |
=== Economic and fiscal Issues === | ||
Fiorina was critical of the ] (ACA) ] legislation during the ] that led to the act's passage.<ref>, CNN (November 22, 2009).</ref> Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California,<ref name="Hoag">Christina Hoag, , Associated Press (October 21, 2010).</ref><ref>], , ''New York Times Magazine'' (June 2, 2010) ("uring this campaign, has assiduously courted the right, calling for the repeal of health care reform").</ref> and in her 2015 presidential campaign.<ref name="MTPNBCNews11062014">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-transcript-november-16-2014-n249601|title=Meet the Press Transcript |
Fiorina was critical of the ] (ACA) ] legislation during the ] that led to the act's passage.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060326/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/11/22/fiorina-obama-might-have-to-eat-his-words-on-health-reform/ |date=September 23, 2015 }}, CNN (November 22, 2009).</ref> Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California,<ref name="Hoag">Christina Hoag, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923031808/http://www.scpr.org/news/2010/10/21/20363/fiorina-health-reform-must-make-insurers-compete/ |date=September 23, 2015 }}, Associated Press (October 21, 2010).</ref><ref>], , ''New York Times Magazine'' (June 2, 2010) ("uring this campaign, has assiduously courted the right, calling for the repeal of health care reform").</ref> and in her 2015 presidential campaign.<ref name="MTPNBCNews11062014">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-transcript-november-16-2014-n249601|title=Meet the Press Transcript |date=November 16, 2014|newspaper=Meet The Press|access-date=August 24, 2015|publisher=NBC News|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref><ref name="High Risk Pool">Sahil Kapur, , Bloomberg Politics (May 4, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has called the law "deeply flawed"<ref name="Jackson">David Jackson, , ''USA Today'' (June 25, 2015).</ref> and a "vast legislative overreach."<ref name="MTPNBCNews11062014" /> Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry "high-deductible 'catastrophic care' insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state-based high-risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it."<ref name="Moody">Chris Moody, , CNN (September 25, 2015).</ref> | ||
Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages"<ref name="DelaneyWage">Arthur Delaney, , ''The Huffington Post'' (October 28, 2015).</ref><ref>Steve Benen, , MSNBC (October 29, 2015).</ref> and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York.<ref name="InterviewSMURManchesterNH">{{cite news |last=McElveen |first=Josh |date=April 24, 2015 |title=Conversation with the Candidate: Carly Fiorina (Part 2) |url=http://www.wmur.com/politics/conversation-with-the-candidate/conversation-with-the-candidate-carly-fiorina-part-2/32425496 |via=] |location=Manchester, New Hampshire |publisher=Hearst Television | |
Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages"<ref name="DelaneyWage">Arthur Delaney, , ''The Huffington Post'' (October 28, 2015).</ref><ref>], , MSNBC (October 29, 2015).</ref> and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York.<ref name="InterviewSMURManchesterNH">{{cite news |last=McElveen |first=Josh |date=April 24, 2015 |title=Conversation with the Candidate: Carly Fiorina (Part 2) |url=http://www.wmur.com/politics/conversation-with-the-candidate/conversation-with-the-candidate-carly-fiorina-part-2/32425496 |via=] |location=Manchester, New Hampshire |publisher=Hearst Television |access-date=August 22, 2015|quote=I think a minimum wage is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states, because if you are here in Nashua, New Hampshire, it is not the same set of economic conditions or expensive living as L.A. or New York City. To me, a national minimum wage does not make a lot of sense.}}</ref> Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would "hurt those who are looking for entry-level jobs".<ref name="Mullany"/> | ||
Fiorina opposes ] rules adopted by the ] (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government."<ref name="PBS Issues"/><ref>Charlotte Alter, , ''Time'' (May 5, 2015).</ref><ref>Carly Fiorina, , CNN (April 7, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just |
Fiorina opposes ] rules adopted by the ] (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government."<ref name="PBS Issues"/><ref>Charlotte Alter, , ''Time'' (May 5, 2015).</ref><ref>Carly Fiorina, , CNN (April 7, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just issued{{snd}}without anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on it{{snd}}400 pages of new regulations over the Internet. It's not good, it's not helpful."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Did Carly Fiorina read the FCC rules she's railing against?|url = http://fortune.com/2015/05/05/carly-fiorina-fcc/|website = Fortune|access-date = October 8, 2015}}</ref> | ||
Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy".<ref name="Mullany"/> She has condemned the ], saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again."<ref>Kevin Cirilli, , ''The Hill'' (April 9, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed."<ref name="Kessler">Glenn Kessler, , ''The Washington Post'' (April 27, 2015).</ref> ] of |
Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy".<ref name="Mullany"/> She has condemned the ], saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again."<ref>Kevin Cirilli, , ''The Hill'' (April 9, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed."<ref name="Kessler">Glenn Kessler, , ''The Washington Post'' (April 27, 2015).</ref> ] of '']'' said that, "Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades. While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare, there are certainly examples."<ref name="Kessler"/> | ||
Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers.<ref name=Desjardins>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/carly-fiorina-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues/ | title=What does Carly Fiorina believe? Where the candidate stands on 10 issues | work=] | date=May 4, 2015 | |
Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers.<ref name=Desjardins>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/carly-fiorina-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues/ | title=What does Carly Fiorina believe? Where the candidate stands on 10 issues | work=] | date=May 4, 2015 | access-date=September 19, 2015 | author=Desjardins, Lisa and McHaney, Sarah}}</ref><ref name=Ehrenfreund>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/17/a-simple-guide-to-what-carly-fiorina-actually-believes/ | title=A simple guide to what Carly Fiorina actually believes | newspaper=] | date=September 17, 2015 | access-date=September 19, 2015 | author=Ehrenfreund, Max}}</ref> Florina has said "the government needs to take in less tax money, not more."<ref>{{Cite web|title = 10 questions for Carly Fiorina| date=September 16, 2015 |url = https://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/15/10-questions-for-carly-fiorina.html|publisher = CNBC|access-date = October 9, 2015}}</ref> During her 2010 Senate campaign, Fiorina "called for eliminating the ] and ] for investments in small businesses, and lowering marginal ]s."<ref name="Mullany" /> Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the ] in order to fund the ], asserting in a February 2015 ''The Wall Street Journal'' op-ed that "Any gas tax hike, big or small, will harm American families and hurt economic growth."<ref>Carly Fiorina & Penny Nance, , ''The Wall Street Journal'' (February 11, 2015).</ref> Fiorina opposed the ] intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money.<ref name="Mullany" /> Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance.<ref name="Mullany" /> She also advocates ] for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.<ref name="Desjardins" /> | ||
Fiorina favors expanding the ] program.<ref>{{cite |
Fiorina favors expanding the ] program.<ref>{{cite news| last = Arrington| first = Michael| title = McCain Embraces Tech Executives For White House Push| work=TechCrunch| date = March 17, 2008| url = https://techcrunch.com/2008/03/17/mccain-embraces-tech-executives-for-white-house-push-techcrunch-interviews-carly-fiorina| access-date=May 9, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Drew |last=Cullen|title=US tech industry stands up for overseas jobs|date=January 8, 2004|work=The Register|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/01/08/us_tech_industry_stands_up/|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Carolyn |last=Lochhead|title=Tech bosses defend overseas hiring|date=January 8, 2004|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/01/08/MNGDI45PV01.DTL}}</ref> Writing in opposition to proposals she considered ] in a 2004 '']'' op-ed, Fiorina said that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."<ref>{{cite news|first=Carly|last= Fiorina|title=Be Creative, Not Protectionist|date=February 13, 2004|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107663585610229125|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina said to Congress in 2004: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."<ref name="auto">{{cite news|first=Jim |last=Puzzanghera|title=Coalition of High-Tech Firms to Urge Officials to Help Keep U.S. Competitive|date=January 8, 2004|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-118769882.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075826/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-118769882.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2015|access-date=May 9, 2015|work=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.<ref>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', Ch. 6, Choices of the Heart.</ref> In 1981, she was introduced to ] executive Frank Fiorina, |
Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.<ref>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', Ch. 6, Choices of the Heart.</ref> In 1981, she was introduced to ] executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company.<ref name=Raftery19June>{{cite news|work=USA Today|title=The better halves: Your guide to 2016 candidate spouses|url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2015/06/19/2016-candidate-spouses/|date=June 19, 2015|access-date=October 5, 2015|first=Erin|last=Raftery}}</ref> She married him in 1985; it was the second marriage for both. Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but "that wasn't God's plan".<ref>Fiorina, ''Tough Choices'', pp. 88, 93–96, Chapter 12: Confrontation and Understanding.</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Joann S.| last1=Lublin |first2=Rebecca |last2=Blumenstein|title=In the Upscale Fiorina Family, She's the CEO and He's Home but She Enjoys the Simple Life|date=July 22, 1999|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=http://www.careerjournal.com/myc/success/19990728-lublin.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030623115102/http://www.careerjournal.com/myc/success/19990728-lublin.html| archive-date =June 23, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Potential VP Bios: Republicans |publisher=CBS |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/16/politics/main4184046.shtml#fiorina |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080828045841/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06/16/politics/main4184046.shtml#fiorina |url-status = dead |archive-date = August 28, 2008 |access-date =November 4, 2009 | date=June 16, 2008}}</ref> Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998<ref name=Raftery19June/> at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.<ref name=Henneberger30Apr>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/features/2015-04-30/what-brought-carly-fiorina-down-at-hp-is-her-greatest-2016-asset|work=Bloomberg|title=What Brought Carly Fiorina Down at HP Is Her Greatest 2016 Asset|date=April 30, 2015|access-date=October 5, 2015|first=Melinda|last=Henneberger}}</ref> | ||
Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. |
Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. Carly helped her husband raise his daughters. Lori Ann struggled with ], ] ] and ]. She died in 2009 at age 35.<ref name="WaPo.drug-addiction">{{cite news|title=Carly Fiorina: 'Drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized.'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/04/carly-fiorina-drug-addiction-shouldnt-be-criminalized/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 11, 2015|first=Jenna|last=Johnson|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Fiorina.personal>{{cite magazine|title=Carly Fiorina Gets Personal in Her New Book|url=https://time.com/3843413/carly-fiorina-rising-challenge-book/|magazine=]|date=May 3, 2015|last=Berenson|first=Tessa|access-date=July 29, 2015}}</ref> | ||
In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with ] ]. She underwent a double ]<ref name="Geraghty2">{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/422627/less-known-side-carly-fiorinas-life-jim-geraghty | title=The Less-Known Side of Carly Fiorina's Life | work=] | date=August 17, 2015 | |
In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with ] ]. She underwent a double ]<ref name="Geraghty2">{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/422627/less-known-side-carly-fiorinas-life-jim-geraghty | title=The Less-Known Side of Carly Fiorina's Life | work=] | date=August 17, 2015 | access-date=September 20, 2015 | author=Geraghty, Jim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/27/us/politics/27fiorina.html | work=The New York Times | title=Carly Fiorina Is Hospitalized | date=October 26, 2010|author=<!--Staff writer( s); no by-line.-->|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> at ] in March 2009, followed by ], which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/11/06/MN1E1AFQDQ.DTL |title=Fiorina comes out swinging – at her cancer|first1=Carla |last1=Marinucci | first2=Joe |last2=Garofoli |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=November 7, 2009|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/02/BA8D1685C9.DTL|title = Carly Fiorina has surgery for breast cancer|first=Carla |last=Marinucci|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date = March 3, 2009|access-date = March 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-10186316-92.html|title = Carly Fiorina treated for breast cancer|first=Steven |last=Musil|website=CNET|date = March 2, 2009|access-date = March 20, 2009}}</ref> In late 2009, during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by ], Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_13711033?source=rss |title=Fiorina takes fight to Boxer in Senate campaign kickoff| first=Mike |last=Zapler| work=] |date= November 4, 2009|access-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref> | ||
According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth">Rebecca Ballhaus, , ''The Wall Street Journal'' (June 3, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has released the income ] that she and her husband ] in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth"/> | According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth">Rebecca Ballhaus, , ''The Wall Street Journal'' (June 3, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has released the income ] that she and her husband ] in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth"/> | ||
Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the |
Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington, D.C., suburb of ], overlooking the ].<ref name="Johnson">Jenna Johnson, , ''The Washington Post'' (May 4, 2015).</ref><ref>Nancy Cook, , ''National Journal'' (February 13, 2015).</ref> The house and grounds were valued at $6.6 million in 2015.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth"/> At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in ], a ] area suburb.<ref name="Abcarian">Robin Abcarian: , ''Los Angeles Times'' (May 20, 2010).</ref><ref>Scott Gold, , ''Los Angeles Times'' (October 22, 2015).</ref> Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the ] neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.<ref name="Abcarian"/><ref>Mary Clare Glover, , ''Washingtonian'' (September 1, 2005).</ref><ref>, ''Washingtonian'' (January 14, 2013).</ref><ref>Yuki Noguchi, , ''The Washington Post'' (October 14, 2006).</ref> | ||
Discussing her religious faith, |
Discussing her religious faith, Fiorina said that she is Christian.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2015/09/22/carly-fiorina-speaks-of-struggle-and-success-with-jimmy-fallon/#44691ce077eb|title=Carly Fiorina Speaks Of Struggle And Success With Jimmy Fallon|last=Gallo|first=Carmine|work=Forbes|access-date=October 21, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Specifically, she said that "she was raised ] but is not a regular churchgoer."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://religionnews.com/2016/04/27/fiorina-religion-republican-election/|title=5 faith facts about Carly Fiorina: 'What you make of yourself is your gift to God'|date=April 27, 2016|work=Religion News Service|access-date=October 21, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/113001-is-carly-fiorina-a-christian-she-doesnt-proclaim-her-faith-as-a-key-part-of-her|title=Is Carly Fiorina A Christian?|last=Holter|first=Lauren|work=Bustle|access-date=October 21, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-oct-22-la-me-fiorina-20101022-story.html|title=Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images|last=Gold|first=Scott|date=October 22, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 21, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* Anders, George (2003). ''Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard''. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. {{ISBN| |
* Anders, George (2003). ''Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard''. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. {{ISBN|1591840031}}. | ||
* Burrows, Peter. ''Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard''. Wiley, 2003. {{ISBN| |
* Burrows, Peter. ''Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard''. Wiley, 2003. {{ISBN|0471267651}}. | ||
* Fiorina, Carly (2006). ''Tough Choices: A Memoir'' |
* Fiorina, Carly (2006). ''Tough Choices: A Memoir''. ], 2006. hardcover: {{ISBN|159184133X}}, abridged audiobook: {{ISBN|0143059076}} | ||
* Fiorina, Carly ( |
* Fiorina, Carly (2015). ''Rising to the Challenge: My Leadership Journey'', ] (]), {{ISBN|1591848032}}. | ||
* Fiorina, Carly (2015). ''Rising to the Challenge: My Leadership Journey'', ] (]), {{ISBN|1-59-184803-2}}. | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Carly Fiorina}} | {{Commons category|Carly Fiorina}} | ||
{{Wikiquote|Carly Fiorina}} | {{Wikiquote|Carly Fiorina}} | ||
* {{Official website|https:// |
* {{Official website|https://carlyfiorina.com}} | ||
* {{DMOZ|Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Elections/President/2016/Candidates/Carly_Fiorina}} | |||
* {{CongLinks | congbio= | votesmart=120023 | fec=S0CA00330 | congress= }}<!-- Links formerly displayed via the {{CongLinks}} template: | * {{CongLinks | congbio= | votesmart=120023 | fec=S0CA00330 | congress= }}<!-- Links formerly displayed via the {{CongLinks}} template: | ||
* at ] | * at ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 15:13, 30 November 2024
American businesswoman and politician (born 1954)
Carly Fiorina | |
---|---|
Fiorina in February 2017 | |
Born | Cara Carleton Sneed (1954-09-06) September 6, 1954 (age 70) Austin, Texas, U.S. |
Education | Stanford University (BA) University of California, Los Angeles University of Maryland, College Park (MBA) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS) |
Occupations |
|
Organization | Good360 |
Political party | Republican |
Board member of | Colonial Williamsburg Foundation |
Spouses |
|
Children | 2 stepdaughters |
Relatives | Joseph Sneed (father) |
Website | Campaign website |
Signature | |
Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina (/ˌfiːəˈriːnə/; née Sneed; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician, known primarily for her tenure as chief executive officer (CEO) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from 1999 to 2005. Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune Top-20 company.
Fiorina started her career at AT&T and subsequently worked at Lucent Technologies, where she led the joint venture with Philips.
In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers. HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. Nonetheless, the number of employees exceeded the pre-merger figure and grew to 150,000 during her tenure. In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement. She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360.
Fiorina was an adviser to Republican senator John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California, but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer. Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign. In 2020, Fiorina endorsed the presidential campaign of Democrat Joe Biden.
Early life and education
Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and Joseph Tyree Sneed III. The name "Carleton", from which "Carly" is derived, has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War. At the time of her birth, Fiorina's father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law. He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law, Deputy U.S. Attorney General, and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Her mother was an abstract painter. She is mainly of English and German ancestry, and was raised Episcopalian. Her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph P. Sneed, was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her family's frequent moves. She attended Channing School, in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana, graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina. At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist. She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University, in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services. She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976, but dropped out after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position. When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna, Italy, where he was doing graduate work; there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen.
In 1980, Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration, in marketing, from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science degree in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management, under the Sloan Fellows program.
Business career
AT&T and Lucent
See also: Lucent TechnologiesIn 1980, Fiorina joined AT&T as a management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies. In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division, eventually heading its North American operations.
In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a spin-off from AT&T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into a new company. In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht. She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy. The spin-off became one of the most successful IPOs in U.S. history, raising US$3 billion.
Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector. In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's US$19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment. That year, Fiorina chaired a US$2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics, under the name Philips Consumer Communications (PCC). In the edition of October 12, 1998, of Fortune magazine, Fiorina was named "The Most Powerful Woman in American Business".
Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product. According to Fortune magazine, Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers, writing that "In a neat bit of accounting magic, money from the loans began to appear on Lucent's income statement as new revenue while the dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset". Lucent's stock price grew 10-fold.
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
Hiring
In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore. Matthew Boyle of Fortune magazine said of Fiorina's hiring as HP's first woman CEO that, "Carly Fiorina didn't just break the glass ceiling, she obliterated it, as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company."
Writing in Fortune magazine in August 2015, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board." Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: US$65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind, a US$3 million signing bonus, a US$1 million annual salary (plus a US$1.25–US$3.75 million annual bonus), US$36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs. Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years.
Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition
Although the decision to spin off the company's analytical instruments division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone Agilent Technologies. Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost US$14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street. Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than US$4 billion. HP later acquired Electronic Data Systems, another technology services company, which some considered a validation of Fiorina's strategy.
Compaq merger
In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with US$25 billion in stock, which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell. HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger. The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped.
Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors, and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett) was a source of particularly strong opposition. Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal, but he later changed his mind. He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts which Fiorina won with a "razor-thin margin" of 51.4% of the shareholders, with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support. Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members, including Richard Hackborn, Philip M. Condit, George A. Keyworth, II, and Robert Knowling. Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the parts of it that she kept with Compaq.
The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism. The February 7, 2005, issue of Fortune described her merger plan as "failing" and the prognosis as "doubtful". Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful. In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work. HP was able to integrate Compaq's operations and emerge as the world's largest seller of personal computers. The industry soon fell into decline, leading to further difficulties for the company. HP eventually wrote off US$1.2 billion from the acquisition as the personal computer market declined. Looking back, a 2011 The New York Times article described it as "one of the more questionable deals of the time."
Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions
See also: Hewlett-Packard § Sales to Iran despite sanctionsIn 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in Iran. Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary, while U.S. export sanctions were in effect. After the story was initially reported by The Boston Globe in 2008, the SEC sent a letter of inquiry to HP, who responded that products worth US$120 million were sold in fiscal 2008 arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary. According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary. HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry.
Providing HP servers to the NSA
In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff, Fiorina said that, in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, she received a phone call from Michael Hayden, then the director of the National Security Agency, asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to the NSA for expanded surveillance. Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind, a 2001–2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program, but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time. Fiorina "acknowledged she complied with Hayden's request, redirecting trucks of HP computer servers that were on their way to retail stores from a warehouse in Tennessee to the Washington Beltway, where they were escorted by NSA security" to the agency's Fort Meade headquarters. In 2015, Fiorina said: "I felt it was my duty to help, and so we did," adding, "They were ramping up a whole set of programs and needed a lot of data crunching capability to try and monitor a whole set of threats. ... What I knew at the time was our nation had been attacked." Hayden also requested that Fiorina provide advice to the agency "on how the CIA could maintain its undercover espionage mission in a culture of increasing government leaks and demands for greater public accountability and openness." According to Fiorina, she advised the agency to be "as transparent as possible, about as much as possible".
Changes to HP culture
Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.
Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian "The HP Way" work culture and guiding philosophy, which she felt hindered innovation. Because of changes to HP's culture, and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs (subsequently followed by the largest layoffs in HP's history), employee satisfaction surveys at HP – previously among the highest in America – revealed "widespread unhappiness" and distrust, and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP's electronic bulletin board.
According to The Fiscal Times, Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age.
iPod+HP
Main article: iPod+HPIn January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod+HP – a co-branded iPod sold through HP's retail channels. As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install iTunes on every computer sold. Two days before Fiorina announced the HP+iPod, Jobs announced a new product, the iPod mini, catching Fiorina off guard. HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months. In addition, Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels. As a result, at the peak of the program, iPod+HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales. In July 2005, soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO, her successor Mark Hurd ended HP's agreement with Apple, within days of taking office, a "highly symbolic decision" that was well-received as a return to innovation by HP.
Steven Levy, writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..."
Layoffs
In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees. In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP US$130 million. Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut, the biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history, but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced. In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq.
In all, Fiorina laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. According to PolitiFact, those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...." By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001. Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States.
In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP, the company had 84,800 employees. After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide. At the time of her resignation in 2005, after HP had acquired several other companies, HP had about 150,000 employees.
Forced resignation
HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO. In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $6.8 billion. However, the company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's net income despite a 70% gain in net income of the S&P 500 over this period; the company's debt rose from US$4.25 billion to US$6.75 billion; and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ. By contrast, stock prices for IBM and Dell fell by 27.5% and 3% respectively during this time. The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004.
In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call. In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports. The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted strongly. A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to The Wall Street Journal. According to BusinessWeek's Ben Elgin, directors were also concerned about the board's inability to work effectively with Fiorina.
Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company. The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.
In her book Tough Choices, she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature". Larry Sonsini, who investigated the leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional."
On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive Mark Hurd, confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems, the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $12.6 billion. At the time of the announcement, Loren Steffy of The Houston Chronicle suggested that the EDS acquisition after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of Pricewaterhouse Coopers was justified.
Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by Time magazine, and Yahoo! Finance, Fiorina received a severance package valued at US$21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options. According to Fortune magazine, Fiorina collected over US$100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP.
Business leadership image
In 2003, Fiorina was named by Fortune Magazine the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years. In 2004, she was included in the Time 100 ranking of "most influential people in the world today" and named tenth on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. In 2005, The Wall Street Journal described Fiorina as the epitome of "an alluring, controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self-centered and demanding styles". The same year, Wharton School professor Michael Useem opined, "Fiorina scored high on leadership style, but she failed to execute strategy".
Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time. In 2008, InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped, declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time, and characterizing her as the "anti-Steve Jobs" for reversing the goodwill of "geeks" and alienating existing customers. During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two Gulfstream IVs, to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had the range to fly overseas. One Gulfstream IV, acquired at a cost of US$30 million and available for Fiorina's "exclusive" use, became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina's expensive self-promotion and top-down managerial style during a time of company layoffs. Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure.
Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term.
Transition of career and public persona
Autobiography
In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled Tough Choices, about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."
Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in the merger at HP included: Backfire, (2003) by Peter Burrows, and Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard, (2003), by George Anders. A 2003 review by The New York Times of these books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main champion – Hewlett-Packard's chair and chief executive officer, Carly Fiorina – show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger."
Other organizational involvement
In October 2007, Fiorina signed with the Fox Business Network as a business commentator.
After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of Revolution Health Group and computer security company Cybertrust in 2005. In 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), but resigned from that board on November 30, 2009, with the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy" to her Senate campaign. She had attended 17% of the TSMC directors' meetings in 2009 and 20% of TSMC directors' meetings in 2008. She served as a member of the MIT Corporation from 2004 to 2012. She was a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2005. She is an honorary fellow of the London Business School. In July 2012, Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors. In 2015, Fiorina received an honorary degree and delivered the commencement address at Southern New Hampshire University.
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation. A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..." The San Francisco Chronicle reported that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives."
Nonprofit work
Good360
In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360, a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia, which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities. Good360 has been consistently ranked by Forbes magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities, and ranked as the 33rd largest charity in the United States. Good360 is "the largest product donation marketplace in the world. We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37,000 vetted charities around this country."
In September 2014, Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations "to help combat the Ebola virus in West Africa – by donating specific items." She left the organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015.
One Woman Initiative
Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Department of State (DoS). OWI describes itself as "An International Women's Empowerment Fund" that seeks to "support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations" and "focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship, political leadership, and the rule of law." OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization.
In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over US$500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.
Opportunity International
On February 14, 2013, Opportunity International announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty. Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International. On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy.
Fiorina Foundation
Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the African Leadership Academy, an educational institution in South Africa. The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com."
The San Francisco Chronicle reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes."
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
In 2017, Fiorina joined the board of trustees for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In December 2020, she was elected the chair of the board of trustees.
Political career
Fiorina has never held public office, but said that her status as an outsider is a positive attribute, given that in her opinion, professional politicians have failed to deliver to the American people, stating in an interview with Fox News in 2015 that "82% of the American people now think we need people from outside the professional political class to serve in public office."
Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign
In 2006, Fiorina worked as an advisor for Republican senator John McCain's presidential campaign. The New York Times noted that while she did not want to run, she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for president. On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the Republican National Committee's "Victory" initiative. She was reportedly a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs. Fiorina's severance package from Hewlett-Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign. Referring to the McCain campaign, Newsweek described Fiorina as "the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns."
Earlier that day, she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin.
When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008, whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered "No, I don't. But that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, she answered, "I don't think John McCain could run a major corporation." Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation. After media coverage of Fiorina's comments, she "disappeared from public view" and planned television appearances were cancelled, although she continued to chair the party's fundraising committee. Responding to Barack Obama's victory over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary, Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton's effort.
Vice presidential campaign speculation
In early 2008, she was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate, In discussing the possibility of Fiorina becoming McCain's running mate, political analyst Stuart Rothenberg pointed out her potential downside, stating that she "is rather easy to sketch out" because she would "become a talking point for Democrats" who would focus on Fiorina's generous severance package from when she had left HP and her management style. Rothenberg concluded that Fiorina was "like a dream come true" for Democratic opposition researchers.
Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency
Fiorina performed unpaid service on the Defense Business Board, which looked at staffing issues, among others, at The Pentagon.
Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency's External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009, and became chair of that board, when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W. Bush administration.
2010 U.S. Senate candidacy for California
Main article: 2010 United States Senate election in CaliforniaOn November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer. Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note. Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a "Demon Sheep" – created by Fiorina advertising consultant Fred Davis III – generated largely negative international publicity. After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.
On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and state assemblyman Chuck DeVore.
A Los Angeles Times search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."
The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina had conservative positions on certain social issues. She personally opposed abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life. As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman. Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008. She stated that she opposed litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and did not favor a federal "personhood" amendment. Fiorina had called global warming a "serious issue" but said that the science surrounding it is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis." In a campaign ad, Fiorina likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather." Fiorina accepted contributions from the coal industry as well as Koch Industries. Fiorina opposed the cap-and-trade legislation supported by Boxer, and thought efforts to control greenhouse gases would cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".
In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between US$30 million and US$120 million, and by October 22, Fiorina had contributed a total of US$6.5 million to her own race.
Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither Meg Whitman (the Republican nominee for Governor of California) nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.
Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.
"Unlocking Potential Project" PAC
Fiorina launched and developed a political action committee (PAC) known as "Up-Project" (short for "Unlocking Potential Project") from 2011 to 2014. The stated mission of the organization was "...to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying, persuading and turning-out voters..." In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that "Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler, who once worked for Koch Industries, and Stephen DeMaura, a strategist who heads Americans for Job Security, a pro-business advocacy group in Virginia"; The Up-Project website lists Fiorina as chair.
American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC
On October 1, 2013, Al Cardenas, chair of the American Conservative Union (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm. The ACU is a conservative 501(c)(4) organization, while the ACUF is its affiliated 501(c)(3) foundation, which organizes the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).
Fiorina was co-chair of CPAC 2014, making a speech at the conference. At CPAC 2015, Fiorina again made a speech at the conference. It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech, but Fiorina did not, instead making her official announcement months later, on May 4, 2015, in a television and promotional video, therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.
Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015.
U.S. presidential campaign, 2016
Main article: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016Fiorina ruled out running for the U.S. Senate in 2016, but refused to rule out running for president in 2016 or Governor of California in 2018. In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that Fiorina was "actively exploring" a run for president. Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a "sea of suited men" were mentioned as positives, though Republican strategists pointed to her poor 2010 Senate performance, unpaid campaign debt, and dismissal from HP as "considerable challenges" to her prospects. In March 2015, Fiorina said on Fox News Sunday that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.
On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America, with George Stephanopoulos. Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillary Clinton. It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.
Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company. Campaign Manager, Sarah Isgur Flores, deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."
On August 6, Fiorina participated in Fox News's first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News prime-time debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day. Fiorina's performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate. Following the debate, several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge. On August 9, Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support. In an online poll by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data. At another debate in September, hosted by CNN, Fiorina misrepresented a Planned Parenthood sting video, describing a grisly scene which was not in the video. She was sharply criticized for this in the media; the gaffe consumed much of the post-debate coverage. Planned Parenthood responded that she had lied, saying it was "not the first time Carly Fiorina has lied." PolitiFact chief editor Angie Drobnic Holan mentioned this particular lie in a December 2015 comparison of the presidential candidates with regard to their truthfulness. In the comparison, Fiorina scored 50% falsehood, the sixth worst performance.
The National Review pointed out her role as foil to Hillary Clinton, saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician." The Nation commented, "With so-called women's issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election, Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist." Meg Whitman, then CEO of Hewlett-Packard, stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States, stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important, and that "it's very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States".
As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of US$59 million, with US$12 million in income in 2013. International Business Times estimates Fiorina's net worth between US$30 million and US$120 million.
Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner Donald Trump in the September 16, 2015, debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate, but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October, and to 3% in December. On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended. On March 9, 2016, Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz for President, saying she was "horrified" by Donald Trump, and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him.
Vice presidential campaign and aftermath
On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate, but after losing the Indiana primary six days later, he suspended his campaign, making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.
Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a faithless elector in Texas. Following Trump's election, Fiorina was considered for the position of director of national intelligence during the 2016 transition period. In 2020, Fiorina endorsed Joe Biden's presidential campaign due to her disapproval of President Donald Trump.
Political positions
Main article: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016 § Political positionsWhen she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a moderate Republican with little history on social issues" and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016. In 2017, she has described herself as conservative. In 2020, Fiorina announced that she would vote for Joe Biden for President. FiveThirtyEight, a non-partisan organization which analyzes candidates' positions and conducts polling, considered Fiorina to be within the moderate and establishment wings of the GOP.
Social issues
Fiorina is anti-abortion. She expressed support for legislation to ban abortions 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother. In 2010, she said that Roe v. Wade was settled law, but later reversed that position. Fiorina supported overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion in the United States, allowing states to set their own abortion policies. She does support embryonic stem-cell research if the embryos were not created for that purpose.
In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity, but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue, and has "implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem".
Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform. Fiorina opposes the legalization of marijuana, but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.
While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the Common Core State Standards. In September 2015, Fiorina said: "No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, Common Core – they're all big, bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation." This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U.S. Senate from California. In that campaign, Fiorina issued a position paper in which she "strongly advocated for metric-based accountability in schools" and "praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards, and Race to the Top for using internationally-benchmarked measures."
In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, which would allow children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.
Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported civil unions. She later said that she hoped the nation would support Obergefell v. Hodges, the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences. In November 2009, during a The Wall Street Journal interview, Fiorina said that she voted in favor of Proposition 8, a California ballot proposition that banned same-sex marriage in that state. During the 2010 United States Senate election in California, Fiorina was endorsed by GOProud, a gay conservative organization. In 2010, Fiorina stated that she supported the Defense of Marriage Act, but also supported civil unions. She supported the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell. In 2015, Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same government benefits accorded to married persons. She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage. In 2017, Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of Log Cabin Republicans, a political action committee which supports LGBT rights. In her address, she said, "Everyone has to be free to be who they are."
Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid maternity leave to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so. She also pointed out that HP, while she was CEO, offered paid maternity leave.
Foreign and military policy
Fiorina has criticized the international nuclear agreement with Iran, saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East; that the agreement is a "flawed deal"; and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it. Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the international community and the U.S.'s negotiating partners was suspect because Russia and China have an interest in gaining access to Iran's economy and the European Union "has negotiated, frankly, a number of weak deals." Fiorina opposes the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, telling Hugh Hewitt that if elected she would close the U.S. embassy in Havana.
In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger, Fiorina said of the Chinese: "They're not terribly imaginative. They're not entrepreneurial. They don't innovate. That's why they're stealing our intellectual property." Fiorina supports keeping the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba open. In September 2015, Fiorina "offered a vigorous defense of CIA waterboarding," a tactic used by the United States during the George W. Bush-era War on Terror. Fiorina's interest in national security issues led to her name being floated for the position of director of national intelligence by Donald Trump during the 2016 transition period.
Economic and fiscal Issues
Fiorina was critical of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health care reform legislation during the debate in 2009 that led to the act's passage. Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California, and in her 2015 presidential campaign. Fiorina has called the law "deeply flawed" and a "vast legislative overreach." Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry "high-deductible 'catastrophic care' insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state-based high-risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it."
Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages" and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York. Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would "hurt those who are looking for entry-level jobs".
Fiorina opposes net neutrality rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government." Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just issued – without anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on it – 400 pages of new regulations over the Internet. It's not good, it's not helpful."
Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy". She has condemned the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again." Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed." Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post said that, "Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades. While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare, there are certainly examples."
Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers. Florina has said "the government needs to take in less tax money, not more." During her 2010 Senate campaign, Fiorina "called for eliminating the estate tax and capital gains taxes for investments in small businesses, and lowering marginal tax rates." Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the federal gas tax or state gas taxes in order to fund the Highway Trust Fund, asserting in a February 2015 The Wall Street Journal op-ed that "Any gas tax hike, big or small, will harm American families and hurt economic growth." Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money. Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance. She also advocates zero-based budgeting for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.
Fiorina favors expanding the H-1B visa program. Writing in opposition to proposals she considered protectionist in a 2004 The Wall Street Journal op-ed, Fiorina said that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy." Fiorina said to Congress in 2004: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."
Personal life
Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984. In 1981, she was introduced to AT&T executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company. She married him in 1985; it was the second marriage for both. Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but "that wasn't God's plan". Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998 at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.
Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. Carly helped her husband raise his daughters. Lori Ann struggled with alcoholism, prescription drug addiction and bulimia. She died in 2009 at age 35.
In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy at Stanford Hospital in March 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy. She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery." In late 2009, during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."
According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million. Fiorina has released the income tax returns that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington, D.C., suburb of Mason Neck, Virginia, overlooking the Potomac River. The house and grounds were valued at $6.6 million in 2015. At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos Hills, California, a San Francisco Bay area suburb. Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.
Discussing her religious faith, Fiorina said that she is Christian. Specifically, she said that "she was raised Episcopalian but is not a regular churchgoer."
See also
References
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The Foundation Board is responsible for inspiring business and public confidence by ensuring a flawless standard of governance. Board members are individuals with unique leadership experience from business, politics, academia and civil society.
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The numbers were bad news for Mrs. Fiorina, the former chief executive of Hewlett-Packard, who stood up to Mr. Trump during the last Republican debate and won accolades for her crisp, forceful performance. However, her bounce in the polls appears to have been ephemeral, and her support has dropped to just 4 percent, from 15 percent in September, the poll showed.
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I'm not saying I oppose paid maternity leave. What I'm saying is I oppose the federal government mandating paid maternity leave to every company out there. I don't think it's the role of government to dictate to the private sector how to manage their businesses, especially when it's pretty clear that the private sector, like Netflix ... is doing the right thing because they know it helps them attract the right talent.
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I think a minimum wage is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states, because if you are here in Nashua, New Hampshire, it is not the same set of economic conditions or expensive living as L.A. or New York City. To me, a national minimum wage does not make a lot of sense.
- Charlotte Alter, Carly Fiorina Says She Would 'Roll Back' Net Neutrality Rules, Time (May 5, 2015).
- Carly Fiorina, Op-ed: Obama's net neutrality failure, CNN (April 7, 2015).
- "Did Carly Fiorina read the FCC rules she's railing against?". Fortune. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- Kevin Cirilli, Fiorina: Abolish Wall Street reform law, The Hill (April 9, 2015).
- ^ Glenn Kessler, Fact Checker: Carly Fiorina's claim that not 'a single regulation' has ever been repealed, The Washington Post (April 27, 2015).
- ^ Desjardins, Lisa and McHaney, Sarah (May 4, 2015). "What does Carly Fiorina believe? Where the candidate stands on 10 issues". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ehrenfreund, Max (September 17, 2015). "A simple guide to what Carly Fiorina actually believes". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- "10 questions for Carly Fiorina". CNBC. September 16, 2015. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- Carly Fiorina & Penny Nance, Op-ed: Cheaper Gas? Politicians Want a Tax Fill-Up, The Wall Street Journal (February 11, 2015).
- Arrington, Michael (March 17, 2008). "McCain Embraces Tech Executives For White House Push". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- ^ Puzzanghera, Jim (January 8, 2004). "Coalition of High-Tech Firms to Urge Officials to Help Keep U.S. Competitive". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Cullen, Drew (January 8, 2004). "US tech industry stands up for overseas jobs". The Register. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Lochhead, Carolyn (January 8, 2004). "Tech bosses defend overseas hiring". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Fiorina, Carly (February 13, 2004). "Be Creative, Not Protectionist". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Fiorina, Tough Choices, Ch. 6, Choices of the Heart.
- ^ Raftery, Erin (June 19, 2015). "The better halves: Your guide to 2016 candidate spouses". USA Today. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
- Fiorina, Tough Choices, pp. 88, 93–96, Chapter 12: Confrontation and Understanding.
- Lublin, Joann S.; Blumenstein, Rebecca (July 22, 1999). "In the Upscale Fiorina Family, She's the CEO and He's Home but She Enjoys the Simple Life". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 23, 2003.
- "Potential VP Bios: Republicans". CBS. June 16, 2008. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
- Henneberger, Melinda (April 30, 2015). "What Brought Carly Fiorina Down at HP Is Her Greatest 2016 Asset". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
- Berenson, Tessa (May 3, 2015). "Carly Fiorina Gets Personal in Her New Book". Time. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
- Geraghty, Jim (August 17, 2015). "The Less-Known Side of Carly Fiorina's Life". National Review. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
- "Carly Fiorina Is Hospitalized". The New York Times. October 26, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Marinucci, Carla; Garofoli, Joe (November 7, 2009). "Fiorina comes out swinging – at her cancer". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- Marinucci, Carla (March 3, 2009). "Carly Fiorina has surgery for breast cancer". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- Musil, Steven (March 2, 2009). "Carly Fiorina treated for breast cancer". CNET. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- Zapler, Mike (November 4, 2009). "Fiorina takes fight to Boxer in Senate campaign kickoff". Mercury News. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- ^ Rebecca Ballhaus, Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have $59 Million Net Worth, The Wall Street Journal (June 3, 2015).
- Jenna Johnson, Nine things to know about Carly Fiorina, The Washington Post (May 4, 2015).
- Nancy Cook, Carly Fiorina's Audacious Sales Pitch, National Journal (February 13, 2015).
- ^ Robin Abcarian: Profits may not equal success Carly Fiorina's business experience is a mixed blessing in political realm, Los Angeles Times (May 20, 2010).
- Scott Gold, Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images, Los Angeles Times (October 22, 2015).
- Mary Clare Glover, Luxury Homes: September 2005: Tech star Carly Fiorina buys $3.6-million condo, Washingtonian (September 1, 2005).
- Nice Digs: Top Home Sales of 2012, Washingtonian (January 14, 2013).
- Yuki Noguchi, Fiorina Uses Book Tour to Recast Her Image: Fiorina hasn't ruled out politics, The Washington Post (October 14, 2006).
- Gallo, Carmine. "Carly Fiorina Speaks Of Struggle And Success With Jimmy Fallon". Forbes. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
- "5 faith facts about Carly Fiorina: 'What you make of yourself is your gift to God'". Religion News Service. April 27, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
- Holter, Lauren. "Is Carly Fiorina A Christian?". Bustle. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
- Gold, Scott (October 22, 2010). "Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
Bibliography
- Anders, George (2003). Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. ISBN 1591840031.
- Burrows, Peter. Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard. Wiley, 2003. ISBN 0471267651.
- Fiorina, Carly (2006). Tough Choices: A Memoir. Portfolio Hardcover, 2006. hardcover: ISBN 159184133X, abridged audiobook: ISBN 0143059076
- Fiorina, Carly (2015). Rising to the Challenge: My Leadership Journey, Penguin Group (Sentinel), ISBN 1591848032.
External links
- Official website
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets
- Appearances on C-SPAN
Business positions | ||
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Preceded byLew Platt | President of Hewlett-Packard 1999–2005 |
Succeeded byMark Hurd |
Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard 1999–2005 |
Succeeded byRobert Wayman | |
Preceded byRichard Hackborn | Chair of Hewlett-Packard 2000–2005 |
Succeeded byPat Dunn |
Party political offices | ||
Preceded byBill Jones | Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from California (Class 3) 2010 |
VacantTitle next held byMark Meuser 2022 |
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See also |
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