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| {{Short description|Inflammation of the testicles}} | |||
| {{Infobox medical condition (new) | {{Infobox medical condition (new) | ||
| | name = Orchitis | | name = Orchitis | ||
| | synonyms = | | synonyms = Orchiditis | ||
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| | pronounce = | | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|ˈ|k|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}}, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|k|ɪ|ˈ|d|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} | ||
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| '''Orchitis''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|ˈ|k|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} or '''orchiditis''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|k|ɪ|ˈ|d|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} (from the Ancient Greek ] meaning "testicle"; same root as '']'') is ] of the ].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000075643|orchitis}}</ref> It can also involve swelling, heavy pains and frequent infection, particularly of the epididymis, and is more rarely known as '''didymitis''' (as in '']''). | |||
| '''Orchitis''' is ] of the ]s.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000075643|orchitis}}</ref> It can also involve swelling, pains and frequent infection, particularly of the ], as in ]. The term is from the Ancient Greek ] meaning "testicle"; same root as '']''. | |||
| ==Symptoms== | |||
| ==Signs and symptoms== | |||
| ]s of orchitis are similar to those of ]. These can include:{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} | ]s of orchitis are similar to those of ]. These can include:{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} | ||
| * ] (blood in the ]) | * ] (blood in the ]) | ||
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| ==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
| Orchitis can be related to ] infection that has spread to the ] (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the ]s ] and ]. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with ].<ref>''Brucellosis in Humans and Animals'' World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7 {{page needed|date=November 2014}}</ref> Orchitis can also be seen during active ], particularly in adolescent boys. | Orchitis can be related to ] infection that has spread to the ] (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the ]s ] and ]. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with ].<ref>''Brucellosis in Humans and Animals'' World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7 {{page needed|date=November 2014}}</ref> Orchitis can also be seen during active ], particularly in adolescent boys.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} | ||
| ] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the ] during ], and may in the worst event lead to ].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, etal |title=European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients |journal=Hernia |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=343–403 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19636493 |pmc=2719730 |doi=10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7}}</ref> | ] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the ] during ], and may in the worst event lead to ].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, etal |title=European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients |journal=Hernia |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=343–403 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19636493 |pmc=2719730 |doi=10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7}}</ref> | ||
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| In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced ] physicians.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} | In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced ] physicians.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} | ||
| == |
== Other animals == | ||
| ⚫ | Orchitis is not rare in ]s and ].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} It has also been described in ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H |title=Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders |journal=Avian Pathology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=613–7 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19023758 |doi=10.1080/03079450802499134|s2cid=41011955 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
| ]]] | |||
| ⚫ | Orchitis is not rare in ]s and ].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} It has also been described in ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H |title=Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders |journal=Avian Pathology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=613–7 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19023758 |doi=10.1080/03079450802499134}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| ==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Lefort C, Thoumas D, Badachi Y, etal |date=July 2001 |title=Orchites ischémiques: À propos de 5 cas diagnostiqués en écho-Doppler couleur |trans-title=Ischemic orchiditis: review of 5 cases diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography |language=French |journal=Journal de Radiologie |volume=82 |issue=7 |pages=839–42 |pmid=11507447 |id={{INIST|1080037}} |url=http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-JR-07-2001-82-07-0221-0363-101019-ART4}} | * {{cite journal |vauthors=Lefort C, Thoumas D, Badachi Y, etal |date=July 2001 |title=Orchites ischémiques: À propos de 5 cas diagnostiqués en écho-Doppler couleur |trans-title=Ischemic orchiditis: review of 5 cases diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography |language=French |journal=Journal de Radiologie |volume=82 |issue=7 |pages=839–42 |pmid=11507447 |id={{INIST|1080037}} |url=http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-JR-07-2001-82-07-0221-0363-101019-ART4}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Lee T, Yoo HS, Lee JT |date=September 1997 |title=Sonographic findings in tuberculous epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis |journal=Journal of Clinical Ultrasound |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=390–4 |pmid=9282805 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199709)25:7<390::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-5}} | * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Lee T, Yoo HS, Lee JT |date=September 1997 |title=Sonographic findings in tuberculous epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis |journal=Journal of Clinical Ultrasound |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=390–4 |pmid=9282805 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199709)25:7<390::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-5|s2cid=23653479 }} | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE |date=May 1992 |title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty |journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics |volume=174 |issue=5 |pages=399–402 |pmid=1570618}} | * {{cite journal |vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE |date=May 1992 |title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty |journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics |volume=174 |issue=5 |pages=399–402 |pmid=1570618}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT |date=January 1977 |title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=3–7 |pmid=609284}} | * {{cite journal |vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, ], Kurland LT |date=January 1977 |title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=3–7 |pmid=609284}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA |date=February 1976 |title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=382–404 |pmid=129498 |pmc=2190126 |
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA |date=February 1976 |title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=382–404 |pmid=129498 |pmc=2190126 |doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E |date=August 1968 |title=Granulomatous orchitis |journal=British Journal of Urology |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=451–8 |pmid=5678169 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}} | * {{cite journal |vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E |date=August 1968 |title=Granulomatous orchitis |journal=British Journal of Urology |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=451–8 |pmid=5678169 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |author=Dreyfuss W |date=April 1954 |title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis |journal=The Journal of Urology |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=483–7 |pmid=13152871}} | * {{cite journal |author=Dreyfuss W |date=April 1954 |title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis |journal=The Journal of Urology |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=483–7 |pmid=13152871|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67813-3 }} | ||
| * {{cite journal |author=Lambert B |year=1951 |title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility |journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica |volume=2 |issue=Suppl. 1 |pages=1–166 |pmid=15444009}} | * {{cite journal |author=Lambert B |year=1951 |title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility |journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica |volume=2 |issue=Suppl. 1 |pages=1–166 |pmid=15444009}} | ||
| * {{cite journal |author=Grünberg H |year=1926 |title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis |journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol |volume=33 |pages=217–27}} | * {{cite journal |author=Grünberg H |year=1926 |title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis |journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol |volume=33 |pages=217–27}} | ||
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| | MeshID = D009920 | | MeshID = D009920 | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} | {{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| {{Inflammation}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:12, 13 July 2024
Inflammation of the testicles Medical condition| Orchitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Orchiditis |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Urology |
Orchitis is inflammation of the testicles. It can also involve swelling, pains and frequent infection, particularly of the epididymis, as in epididymitis. The term is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include:
- hematospermia (blood in the semen)
- hematuria (blood in the urine)
- severe pain
- visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.
Causes
Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted infections chlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis. Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.
Ischemic orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the spermatic cord during inguinal herniorrhaphy, and may in the worst event lead to testicular atrophy.
Diagnosis
- Blood – ESR high
- Urine – Cultural & Sensitivity test
- Ultrasound scanning
Treatment
In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency department physicians.
Other animals
Orchitis is not rare in bulls and rams. It has also been described in roosters.
References
- "orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
- Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.
- Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H (December 2008). "Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders". Avian Pathology. 37 (6): 613–7. doi:10.1080/03079450802499134. PMID 19023758. S2CID 41011955.
Further reading
- Lefort C, Thoumas D, Badachi Y, et al. (July 2001). "Orchites ischémiques: À propos de 5 cas diagnostiqués en écho-Doppler couleur" [Ischemic orchiditis: review of 5 cases diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography]. Journal de Radiologie (in French). 82 (7): 839–42. PMID 11507447. INIST 1080037.
- Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Lee T, Yoo HS, Lee JT (September 1997). "Sonographic findings in tuberculous epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis". Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 25 (7): 390–4. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199709)25:7<390::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 9282805. S2CID 23653479.
- Fong Y, Wantz GE (May 1992). "Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 174 (5): 399–402. PMID 1570618.
- Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT (January 1977). "The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 52 (1): 3–7. PMID 609284.
- Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA (February 1976). "Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 143 (2): 382–404. doi:10.1084/jem.143.2.382. PMC 2190126. PMID 129498.
- Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E (August 1968). "Granulomatous orchitis". British Journal of Urology. 40 (4): 451–8. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x. PMID 5678169.
- Dreyfuss W (April 1954). "Acute granulomatous orchiditis". The Journal of Urology. 71 (4): 483–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67813-3. PMID 13152871.
- Lambert B (1951). "The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility". Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica. 2 (Suppl. 1): 1–166. PMID 15444009.
- Grünberg H (1926). "Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis". Frankfurt Z Pathol. 33: 217–27.
External links
| Classification | D |
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| External resources |
| Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals | |||||||||
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